The New York Herald Newspaper, July 24, 1865, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. Orrice N. W. CORNER OF FU UPON AND NASSAU STS Money sent by mail will be TERMS cash in atthe risk of the sex None but bauk bills curreut iy Now York takeu. ¢ THE UMLY HERALD, published every day in the year, price, $14. , ab Five outs per copy. Anna subseripti LY HERALD, Annual subsoription cops copy for three months. ruddreseed to names of subscribers each, Am extra copy will be, sent to every club , to one jddre year, $25, and auy larger number 3 An. extra copy will be sent to clubs of twenty. These rates make the Weexty Henann the cheapest publication in the country. IN Eprrion, every Wednesday, at 81x cents . #4 pe part of the Continent, both to include postage. istand 16th of each vet. at Six cents per copy, or $3 per annum. 3, toa Tinited number, will be inserted Weexiy Herat, the European and Califoraia num to any pariof Great Britain, or x, on the inte Kalitions, dow Creerine of ali description, in every vartety, style aud color, exesuted with promptuess and on liberal terms, Volume XXX AMUSEMEN' BOWERY TREAT Ck AND YANKEE Mot BROADWAY THEATRE Brondway.—Socvier's Daven- weaet Maw Wire trot Minkine Patt. agg WALEACK'S THEATRE. Broadway.—Iuist Exigrast— py ANpY, JARDEN, Broadway,—Awgaicxa-Pogue; OR, Wapping. r GARDEN, Tas Gwen Monsrvit—S cove Buotuens. ening. Broadway. —Baxnew’s Museum After- ETH tORLAN Virgina cc RUS HALE, 38 Broadway.—Sin Francrsco Mix- wIoMIAN | Sixcmc, Daxcine, &¢¢.—Tax Dyixe HALL, 20) Bowery. Sam Suaxrier's Max uzon Conurnt—Caunivar or Pux—Tuse Prest paves Leven, HOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Guorce Caeiary's Mix- writ s Songs, Danees, &c.—Tax Course or Taox Love Never Or Ruy Smoorw. NEW ORK MUBEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broudway.— Goer irom WAL M, Uhh 10 New York, Monddy, July 24, 1 NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION. Receipts of Sales of the Now York Daily Newspapers. OFFICIAL. Year Kuding 1865. Teiune 252,000 Kveuing Post 169,127 World --» 100,600 Sua 151,079 Express 90,548 Naw Yous Hematn....... vores 99,093,000 Vines, Tribune, World aad Sun combined., 871,249 THE SIU ATION. Retuens of the Clections in Virginia represout that in thor portions of the State as well as Richmond the Feqlar secession candidates bave been generally suc Encouraged by shese reaiits, it is suid that the wneritta chief Mosby designs being a candidate for Con- cosiut gress, ¢ the progreae recently in the United States Court in New Orleans of proceedings for the ry Slide on of the rebel emil estate in thut a claim on it of two bundred and ninety thousond france was put in by the Paris banking howe of Macuard & Co, and one of tuudred thousand franes by the Citizens Bank Orleans, for money advanced to the: trator on Judge Durell decided that, as Slidell was a is enemy of the United States, his property in he country belonged, under the Conf jon act, to the not be allowed went, and thar these claims ¢ or enteriained. iddress of the Massachusetts Republican State evolutions recently adopted by sitature of C pctient, aud suine statistics taken us of 1860, all given in this morning's ow that a s ong movement! for universal Sonth is about to be made, and Hikew ine ine what will he some of its important regull« if sv ful. Among other things will be the plucing of the ‘politiral control of at least three of the Southern States in the hands of the Aw ul 1g & number of the rebels who since the termina. . tio the war have left Europe and taken up thelr abode iv Canada, ia Jono Y. M 1 of Virginia, formerly cantly the accredited { States Senator, and moto commissioner of Jef. Davy in London. Mason, one of our Niagara correspondents informs us is now. residing Witt his family at St. Carberines. The great national arms manufactory at Springfold, Massactiusetts, has, like other © shments whieh Mourished during the rebellion, experienced great chanues with it5 suppression. Since the Close of » war, of the three thousand men conetantly employed there during the last (wo yeare of its continuance over two thousand have been discharged. While the war lasted one hundred and eighty thonsnnd dollars were required Monthly to pay the workmen's wages, and one thousand 198 wore turned out daily. No more of the old and celebrated pattern of Springfield muskets are to be mann factured. Two hundred and flity thonsand of them are mow stored in the arsenal, and fifty thousand were recently sent to the ereenal at Columbus, Ohio. + | The One Handred and Forty-third New,York infantry ¢ Bnd the Second Massachusetts cavalry arrived in the pily yesterday, ‘The latter regiment and the Ninoty- fourth New York infantry were reviewed in front of the Astor House by General Hooker " i EUROPEAN NEWS. The stoamabip Peruvian, of the Montreal line, arrived Off Father Point yeeterday, with five Gays Inter news from Burope. Her advices were to the 14th inet, {the City of London 1s cine with details to the 19th inst, , ut with no lator news than that already to hand \. Telegrams from Rome were ominous (or Maximilian Phe Papal Ministry had refused to dine at the Mexican Bmbnssy, and Moximinun himeelf was reported wo have boon exoommunicated by the Pope. . | Wo Groat Bastern, with the cable ow board, wna to go't Crom Valentia on the 19th inst, ‘The cable continued out of working orier. 4 } Liver ‘Waa getting the upper hand in the British Plootions.' The latest returns showed a majority for the MaLecmApst of ciedsy:sH9. This majority would prova. bly be redneed when the county cleciions had tskew 6, but it was confidently anticipated shat Lend Put ea larger majority in the new Per ud in the oid, Among the most Bo table men cloet we J, Stuart Mill, the distinguished philosopher, whose views on the reform question are so oxtended that he fevers woman suttrago, and Mr. Hughes, the anthor of “Tom Brown,’? who, neat to Jobo Bright, ranks as the ablest friend of America in England. Lord A. Paget, of the Admiralty, and Mr. Fred. Peel, son of the frst Sir Robert Peet, and one of the Lords of the ‘Treasury, bad been rejected by their constiinents, A despatch supplewentary te those published in the Hreanp of Suturday, plving a history of tho withdrawat of rebel beltigerent rights by England and Franco, had been laid before Parliament. This document was addressed by Karl Russell to Mr. Seward, The British Yoreign Secretary, with anwonted courtesy, regrets that his explanations jad been misunderstood, and’ offers fresh explanutions, which he hopes “will prove favorable to the establishment of lasting friendship between tho two nations." ‘There were rumors, not traced to any rebable souree, of # projected European Congress, Forty-three more passchgers had been saved by the Havre steamer Neptune from the William Nelsen, burned olf the banks of Newfoundland June 28, Thee hundred and {ifty-two hapless German emigrants had still to be accounted for. It was hoped that a few of them bad been picked np by a bark which was seeu im the vicinity of the wreck, United States five-Cwenties were quoted in Loudon on the th at 71; a THX, and British ¢ou at 99%; 0 95%. ‘ : MISCKLLANEOUS NEWS. ‘The steamship Caledonia, from Glasgow on ihe Sth inst.; the government transport steamer Weybossett, from New Orleans on the 15th; and the steamships North Star, from New Orleans on the 16th; the Dacotulr, from Richmond, Va ; the Matanzas, from Baitimore, and the Circassian, from Boston, arrived here yesterday. ‘The government steamer Quinobaug, ‘from Morehead City, N. C., on the 2ist inst., fer Fortress Monroe, having on board between two hundred and tifty and three hun- dred soldiers of the Ninth Maine and Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania regiments, went ashore on the same day, on the North Carolina coast, ard becgme a total wreek. About thirty persons are believed to have been lost. The remainder were safely landed on the coast, ‘The new and clegant first class steamship’ Montaua, lately launched at Bath, Me., of 1,003 tons rogister, ar- rived at this port on the 13h inst., and is now open for inspection by those interested, at piér 36 East river, The Montana has been chartered to take passengers and freight to San Francisco, touching at Rio Janeiro and Valparaiso to land mails and passengore, and ie advertised to gail on the 42th of August. As this is the first steamer ever chortered to proceed to California, it remains to be seen whether the time has artived or not for clipper ships to be superseded by steamy propellers. The Montana is expected to reach San Fran¢iseo within seventy days, Mr. Arthur Tappan, formerly of this city, died in New | Haven, Connecticut, yesterday morning, in the eighticth Mr. Tappan, twenty-five or thirty years | prominent in connection with the agitation i-slavery question, being one of the abolition pioncers in this city. During the early excitement on this subject he was a marked man, and became very ob- Jectionable to those who opposed bis wleas, At one time a mob attacked his house and he was compelied to fice for his life, ’ Those who desire io be informed regarding the pre- parations already made for receiving the Atlantic tele- graph cable on this side of the ocean, and respecting the locality selected to form its western terminus, can be gratified by a perisal of the Hsmacp correspondence | from St, Johns, Newfoundland, published in our columns this moruing. It also containg a very interesting sketch | of the history of that province, of its present condition anf appearance, its population, fesources, productions and climate, The place — chosen for- the westorm janding, of the present cable is the tittle village of Heart’s Content, contaiting a population of about nine hundred, situated on Trinity | bay, Newfoundland, about thirty miles distant from the point Which formed the terminus of the first and unsuc Ceseftd Atlantic telewraph, Here a building for a station has been purchased and fitted up, and is ready to pro- coed with the business of ocean telegraphing whenever the veasel couveying the mystic wire shall arrive. ‘The July report of Commissioner Newton, of the Agri- cultural Bureau of the Interior Department, represents the present prospects of the various grain crops, as well” as the potato, throughout the country, to be highly favorable, The wheat yield is very abundant, though the quality of tho grain 1s not quite equal to that of lust yenr. It is bolieved that there is a sufficiency to meet ail export domands, which Inte advices from Europe indi- cate will be largo. ‘The condition of the corn crop is tavor- able, and the oat is said to be in appearance everything that could be desired, A vew enemy of the beetle kind has made ite appearance among the potatoes; but aot withstanding this, the recent weather has heen so favora able thas the prospect of a good yield ix promising. The annual meeting of the Jewish Society of Busi Borith took place tast evening. From the treasurer's report it appears Uhat the receipts of the society during the past year’ amounted to $3,199 53, which makes the totel amount of thoir capital at present $16,812 79. ‘The second floor of No. 441 Broadway was entered by burglars, between six and eight o'clock on last Saturday evening, and robbed of over five thousand dollars’ wortli of ribbons and laces, The robbery was discovered by the police about eight o'clock in the evening; but the | borglars had then succeeded in escaping with their | plunder, A fire oceurted at Nos. 54 and 543g West Broadway about seven o'clock last evening, but was extinguished before any great amount of damage bad been done, While going to this fire a member of Engine Company No. 41, named Schulen, was ran over in Centre atrcet, near Pearl, and seriously injured. ‘The corner stone of the Catholic Protectory for deg. tiiuve boys!'was laid with appropriate ceremonies yes torday at the village of W stor, Westghesior county, in the presente of a to assemblage. Archbishop Me@loskey officiated, assisted by other distinguished pre lates, The exathination of Jerry Cowaden, recently arrested ai Guttenburg, New Jersey, charged with being exten sively engaged in manufacturing counterfeits of the | government fractional currency, was commenced at | . last Saturday, bofore United States On the concinsion of the day’s proceedings the flual investizetion was set down for Saturday next Colonel Baker, chief detective officer ot the War De partment, who mude such a stir among the bounty bro kers and bounty jumpers in this ity some time ago, has been promoted to the rank of brigadier general It is stated that che Secretary of the Treasiry has stopped the issue of the five cent eurreney notes | A train on the Central Ohio Railroad was thrown from the track by a break, said to have been caused by the rain, aia point eixtecn miles east of Columims, on Friday inst, | and ft is reported that eight persons wore killed and over | twenty wounded. On last Thureday night the engine of « train on the Ohio ond Mivstesipp! Railroad wae precipitated into a stream about thirty miles from Cincinnati, the bridge over which had been carried away by a sudden tive of the water. The engineer was tmmediately killed, and it is enpposed that th her tat 2 Geyrrat Buatr’s Aponrss to Hix Sonormns— Toy May Be Wantey Acar.—-General F, P. Blair, Jr., on the mustering out of the Seven- teenth Army corps, of which he was the com- mander in Sherman's grand tour from Tennes- see, via Atlanta, Savannah, South and North Carolina to Richmond, Va., thence to Washitg- ton, tells his soldiers that in the event of Louis Napoleon’s abandonment of bis Mexican usur- pation they may settle down quietly to the calm pursuits of peace; but that should be poraist in his attempt to upset the Monroe doc- trine, the men of the Seventeenth army corps may be .wanied for another expedition south- ward. We are sure that in this suggestion General Blair speaks not only for his whole corps, but for every corps of every army of the Union, and of the armies ot the rebellion to hoot, A call for volunteers to make good the Monroe doctrine would now be as cordially responded to in the South as in the North, and would har- monize the soldiers and people of both sections atonce, This view of the subject, we suspect, has not escaped the attention of President pla merstoa would dament than he r? | from the degrading influence of years of hond- Massachusetts RepublicanrThe Jnco- bin Polley im Practicr. We presume that but very few, if any, of | those who are rushing t ile support of the theory of universal negro suffrage by procia- mation have given the result of the practical working of that policy a moment's considera- tion. Were they to stop and examine into its logical and ineviteble result, not oaly fa 2 po- litical but in a social point of view, they would discover that it will surely lead to a condition of things which but few men would be willing to stand before the American people and advo- eater Universal and unroestrieted negro suf frage, on the basis demanded by the Jacobins, is not a question which affects merely the po- | litien] status of the Southern Siates; nor witli its | results in a social point of view be confined to | the people’ of those States recently in rebellion. | It goes furiher. and penetrates deeper than all | this, It sifkes ai the very foundation of society, North and South, and must, by the | very nature of things, revolutionize the social * conventionalities of the American people, Thése who look upon it oyly as | @ measure to prevent the leaders of the rebel- | lion from regaining their power take only a superficial view and overlook its most impor- tant features. Tu order that the public-ean’ better compre- hend the real bearings of the radical Chase | policy on this subject we publish in another column the address of the Republican State Commitiee of Massuchusetts, a/ summary of a; series of resolutions passed by the Con- necticut Legislature, and # table, carefully prepared from the census returns of 1860, showing the number of counties in the Southern States in which the black population exceeds the whiie, Facts ure stubborn things, and the data there given reveal a new and important feature of this subject, not alone in theory, but in its startling realities. It presenta the qnes- tion of negro suffrage in a light which no states- | man can overlook, and which no fanatic can gainsay. St presents a lesson which all must study, considerations which must be carefully examined, and arguments which thst be weighed before a safe and intelligeni decision can be arrived at on this vital question. The Massachusetts Republican Committee, in their appeal to the people of that State, in referring to the adjustment of the South, “de- mand that‘absolute guarantees shall be given for the extinction of all castes” between the two races. They require, stil! further, that “all usages, customs and traditions shall be abol- ished,” and that these, with loyalty, shall be the tests in all cases, including right io vote, “ whether the constitutions or laws prescribe it or not ;” in other words, political and social equality of the races in all and every conditfon of society, as well as political and official pre- ferment. This iakes the negro, as he emerges age, with all bis ignorance, uncultivated tastes, prejudices and superstitions, and gives bim an immediate voice in the ‘setilement of all qaes- Hons of state and national interests, including the very couventionalitios of society. This abruptly overrides al! existing barriersin these several spheres to such an extent thal its effect will extend to all sections of the country, North, South, East and Weat,and develops a state of affairs which does not exist inany na- tion in the world. To comprehend the real extent to which the “Jacobin policy, carried into practice, will revolutionize existing rules, politically and socially, it-is necessary to drat x comparison as to the condition of the two races, and also to ascertain the numerical strength of the blacks and whites in the several Siates, The trbles of population which we give elsewhere furnish the statisiics necessary to show the latter. fi will be seen that. there is not a single State which has been in rebellion bul that has a number of countics in which the black popula- tion exceeded the white when the last census was iaken, There are also three States—Lonis- iana, Mississippi and South Carolinn—in whieh the black population preponderates: over the white in a majority of the counties. This preponderance in many instances ix three, and in seme counties four, to one, Under the eadical policy negroes will be elected members of every State aciitee|t and in three Staies they can bave control, en- | act all jaws, and elect men of their own race and color to the United States Senate, This, in at least three Siates, nol ouly sides the blacks full control of the social status of the people, but in sending blacks to vepresent them in the nations! Legislature introduces a | new feature in Washington society and legisla- | tion. The equality between the white man 4 and negro which the Jacobins wish to estab | fish will, therefore, place the fatter in the highest legislative tribunal of the country, upon equal footing with senztor Sumner and his assoeinies in all public and private duties while he rowains ihe representative of Massa- chusetts in the (United Siaies Senate. The same will be true as Lo the representatives from every other State, All this would be brought about under the inauguration of the Chase radical policy within the next twelve months, But it may be argued that the negroes would not attempt! such a, ridievlous move as the sending of one of Scie race to the Senate for the present. On jhe . contrary, this is the very timie they would be more likely fo try that experiment than at any other, They have just emerged tr slavery, and through the teachings of the radicals they are puffed up with ideas of their importance. and consider themselves qualified to assume all the duties of the governing clave, Are the peopl of this country prepared for that result? Is Senator Sumner willing to admit the recently emancipated slave nd treat him as his aaso- ciate and equa) in the United States Senate? These are questions which every man most answer by his advocacy or opposition to the Jacobin policy of wyiversal negro suffrage and equality of races. ‘They are the natoral and logical resulis of the extreme radical policy. It will not do for them to claim that the movtaiity of the uegroes of the South since the commengement of the rebellion bas swept away thie preponderance of blocks in the localities referred to by the statistics. We admit that the mortality has been much greater than the public imagine, and that at least one million have been swept away in the last four years; but have there not been at least one mil- lion of the Southern whites killed in batile or died of disease incident to the wart The great mortality of the negroes has not been confined to adult® males, but has taken With it in its sweeping resalte male and femele, old and young; while the loss of the whites in battle SE ES eS SRI Se PIR TT RE EEC eT a OC ee SD NE | | Tohagon, and General Blair probably knows it. | have beoa trom tho male vopulation, aud arin. NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY; JULY 24, 1865. cipatly the voters, leaving a larger proportion of non-voters among the whites then the blacks, ander the negro suffrage policy. When we add to this naiural disparity ef males the exclusion from the batlot-box of a large class of whiies by the provisions of the amnesty proclamation is it not reasonable to suppose that. the pre- ponderence of blacks who would become ‘voters, should the Jucobin policy be put into practice, would be iu still greater proportion than is revealed by the returns of the last census, and in fact enable the negroes to secure a majority in the Legislatures of several more States? Is it not better to stop and consider these startling facts, take our bearings and see where we are drifting, before ‘we plunge the ship of Staie into any sich uncertain waters? Would it not be better to rally to the support of the sagacious reorganization policy of the President, and cement what we have obtained through « long and expensive war, before we attempt to inaugurate a theory so pregnant with mischiof und revolutionary results as the Chase-Jacobin universal! negro suffrage and equality programme unquestionably ist Look betore you leap is certainly a safe maxim ap- , Pied to this subject. Pabite Lands and Western Imuni- gration. The returns of sales of public lands in the States of the Northwest show that immigra- tion is tending rapidly in that direction. The sales for the month of June of lands under the homestead law, for actual settlement, were: In Minnesota 7,000 acres; in Michigan 6,777 acres, und in Nebraska 3,276 acres, while in the State of Minnesota no less than 21,000 acrea were filed under the pre-emption law. We are glad to observe, that the unemployed industry of the country is finding its way to those fertile regions. Hvery effort should be made to in- duce newly landed emigrants to go out West, and also to the how vacant lands of some of the Southern States, such as Virginia, Tennes- see and Kentucky, where white ‘labor will henceforth be in great demand. : From. the annual report of the Commissioners ‘The of Emigration for 1864, we find that the num-" ber of emigrants landed at Castle Garden last year was 184,700. Of these 98,409. reported their intention of remaining in New York State—which means in fact New York city— the remaining 92,291 being distributed through all the other States; the greatest number in Penn- sylvania. New York thus receives one-hundred and eighteen more emigrants than all the other States together. Of these new comers &9,706 came from Ireland, 57,572 from Germany, aud the balance-from other countries of Europe, so that the immigration af Irish falls short only 5,288 of ‘the people from ell the rest of Europe. When we remembér that the majority of German immigrants go upon = farms— all the information’ necessary being provided for them by their | countrymen here—and that the very reverse is irae of the Irish immigrants, we may take it for granted.that ot thé 92,409 who significd their intention of rexnuining in this Siate 60,000 are irish, aud will become denivens of this city, We know what the destiny of the majority of them will be. Most of them have some means; but it will be soot squandered. Then comes poverty and want of work. Their children go to Ward’s Island. The fathers and mothers are often separated in the struggle for subsistence. The man goes off in search of employment, while the woman enters some family as a domestic. How much better it would be if the whole family were uniied on some snug farina iu the West. How ‘much better also for the health of be relieved of this class, who, if located im the West on the fertile lands, would be the most valueble members of the community, but when crowded info the cily are a burden to them- selves and ihe public. It is, no doubt, the in- terest of the politicians io keep these people here wotil they hecome plinnt voters; but it is the duty of every humane citizen to send them out upon the lands where they can sevore comfortable wad virfuous homes. “There is an available method of Mcceompliah- jug this object; and we believe the project is w in course of organization. It is the establishment of «a Western tumigration burean in this city, in connection with similar bureaus in the Western States, for the purpose of obtaining and disbursing information and muicriad aid to the frish landing here. to enable them io reach good locations on West- ern farms: bul it most be done without con- nection with land schemes or speculations. Selfish motives stone, we should suppose, would insure support to such a project. The Western States wonld support it as « means of i ing ‘their population and developing their wealit. The tux payers of New York would sustuia it a5 an agency for the decrease of ttion aud the protection of the public. hevith, while oar Trish fellow ciiizens, acinuted by purer motives of national pride and love of kindred, would, no ddabt, unite to render its operations eminenily successful, Tur Moxkow Doerriye—Oreicat, Droraras tiows IN Retation to ft.—Elsewhere we © pub- lish the several documents by which those who are authorized to speak for the people of this country have given expression to the great na- ional idea involved in the Monroe doctrine, and sleo extracts froin speeches which show the views of some of our prominent men on thie subject. These docamenis comprise the original declaration trom President Monroe’s message that the interference of Earopean Powers with. an American State, “controlling in any manner its destiny,” wonld be regarded by us as an “unfriendly act ;” the resolution adopied by Congress without dissent in April, 1864, aftirming that the United States are not “ indifferent spectators to the deplorable events now transpiring in the republie of Mexico,” and that they cannot “acknowledge a monar- chal government erected on the ruins of any republican government in America under the auspices of any European Power;” the decla- ration of the Uniied States Senate that there is a vepublie and not un empire in Mexico; and the Monroe doctrine plank of the Battimore platform, which declares that the American people will not see with indifference a European State overthrow by force or supplant by fraud the republican institutions of any American Staie. Those, with the extracis from the speeches of Secretary Harlan, Generals Banks, Wright ond Wallace; we give together, that the country and the world may see at one view how this question is considered by oll our representative bodies and powers—the Presi- dent, Senate, House of Representatives, popu lar conventions and the commanders of our soldiers. Huroveany who read theag dag f the tenement houses could | ments should take notice that the Baltimore platform quoted is the platform of the same con- vention that nominated Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. We commend all these docu- ments to the very respectful consideration of the Emperor of France. We desire that he Will especially ponder the resolution of the popular braach of our Congress~the House of Repre- sentatives—and uot fail to reflect that when Congress voted on that resolution it forgot even that there were “parties. One hundred and nine members were present, and one hun- dred and nine voted aye. ‘Lhe Disiculties in the Restoration of the Southern States. From the violent overthrow, by fire and sword, of a social and political system of two hundred years of careful development, we cannot expect to see the work of social and political rébrganization ov a new corner stone accomplished in a day. The abolition of slavery in the South is a revolution which is so comprehensive in its social and pelitical bear ings that some time will be required for the people directly concerned to realize their true situation. They are not cured of those falla-, cious notions of constitutional rights which carried them into the rebellion. In Tennessee, | for example, the secesh elements denounce as un- constitutional the new loyal State government, and the proceedings of its officers in reference to an approaching State election, and they threaten to give some, trouble on election day in defiance of the State authorities, and their re- strictions in the matter of the right of suffrage. The President has been constrained to inter- pose in support of Gov. Brownlow, so that even in Tennessee, a State fully reorganized for some time, we see that the loyalists cannot as yet hold their ground without the ala of the strong arm of the general government. Much of this excitement among the secesh incurables of Tennessee is doubtless due to one Emerson Etheridge, a disappointed politi- cian, who has bécome a mischievous agitator. He has been checked in his career by General Thomas, who holds him under military arrest; but this proceeding only affords a new text for Etheridge in defence of his constitutional rights. According to such fellows neither the President, nor a State government which they do not like, bas any rights which traitors are bound to respect. From such exhibitions of the old secession spirit in Tennessee, we may readily infer that in the more intensely seces- sion cotton States ihe military authority of the government will have to be maintained a good while longer, for the maintenance of law and order, and especially to kéep the disgusted whites and thelr emancipated blacks from cut- ting each other’s throats, under the exciting agitation of negro suffrage by Northern radical missionaries, We had expected that with the mocting of the new Congress in December all the rebel- lious States would be on hand with their re- presentatives knocking for admission at the doors of both houses... But the dificalties at- tens this work of restoration are great and manifold, and the premature Northern agita- tion of Southern negro anffrage increases the elements of confuajon and the embarrasaments of the President, from Virginia to Texas. From present appearances not more than two or three of the late rebel States, if s0 many, will have progressed to the election of their mem- bers of Congress’ by December next. To the States and people concerned, whites and blacks, the task of organizing « sygtem of free labor and compensation, and the urgent necessities of their struggle for existence, take precedence of all other questions, They re- ceive, meantime, considerable material aid ia various .ways from the protecting general government and its military establishments, and they may prefer to retain this material assistance until they can more clearly than: at present see their way out of their present pro-. vincial *condition. _ Moreover, the Northern radical demand of negro suffrage will be apt to discourage the Southern loyalists charged with this work of reorganization, inasmuch as they are not prepered, at a day’s notice from the abolition ot slavery, to yield to this North- ern demand, and have reason to feag that without it any State constitution which they may adopt will be rejected by Congress. We would, however, siill appeal to those ‘classes of the Southern whites charged by the President with ghe important duty of reorgan- ting their respective Siates on the new plat- form of loyalty and liberty, to get back into Congreas as soon «4 possible. To ibis end there are no difficulties which thoy may not overcome, if they will only broadly. recognize the facts that slavery ix dead, and that their liberated black population, if not appropriawd by the South, will be used by the radicals of the North as a political balance of power, snd to the preju- dice of the South in every possible way. Let the responsible Southern people themselves, under such restrictions as they may deem expe- dient, yield the principle of negro suffrage, and thes South, from that concession, will gain a politica! victory of such importance that it may shape tie ruling party and policy of the Union tor a, century to come. Otherwise, from the alienation which Northern radical agitators will be sure to bring about between Southern whites and blacks, politically and socially, the most fearful consequences may tollow to both races. President Johnson has tnrued over this im- portant question to the people of the States, to whom iis settlement properly belongs; but the acceplance or rejection of a new State const!- tution belongs exclusively to Congress. The leaders of the radical majority in both houses of Congress, good for the next two years. have indicated their policy. It is to keep the Jate rebel States out of the next Presidential elec- tion by this test of negro suffrage; but this, too, is a question which. the responsible people of those States have the power and the opportu- nity to séttle for themselves. Brrauam Youxa—A New REVELATION ON Pouyvoamy.—It te reported that Brigham Young, the Prophet, High Priest and Grand Turk of Great Salt Lake, recently stated, in a conver- tion with Speaker Colfax (travelling through Mormondom weatward), that polygamy was not an indispensable element of the Mormon faith, and that if he should get a revelation from the Lord ordering ite abolition, he would obey the divine injunction, We rather suspect, how- ever, that the Prophet will first await a revela- tion from Congress, and that then he will get a revelation from the Lord to move out of Egypt. Brigham, in the visit of Speaker Colfax, began to smell the rat. It is possible that, as Maxi- milian has ie canes freedom to all religions in Mexico, Mormon church will sgake its text mave in thal djpgctians a ee The Summer Travelon the Railways. Our railway trains sre now crowded with gummer travellers, tourists, seeker after plea- sure and visitors to watering places. They fill the cars on every railroad. One or two colli- sions would, therefore, prove a very serious matter. Two or three ungentlemanly con- ductors can make a thousand passengers un- | comfortable, We publish a communication on this subject in another column. 4 There is no more‘ remarkable proof, of the progress of -the age than. is found in the modern system of railway travel- ling. Whatever advance has been made in the arts generally, in.social comfort, in machinery + and in production, has been equalled if not sur- passed in locomotion; and distances are tow by means of the sieam engine traversed titer- ally with the speed of the wind, Jt is curious to note the changes which bave occurred in this respect within the memory of not very old men, Within the last forty years travelling has entirely altered its phases, , The “tlying machines,” as the early stages were called, which took three or four days to transfer passengers from New York to Phila- delphia, are now forgotten, and the same dis- tance is traversed by a railway trainin as many , ‘hours. The old Albany sloops of cighty tons, which were from four to ten days making the passage of the Hudson, even with a fair wind, are suspended, as a mode of conveyance by , the railway car along the river bank which performs ‘the distance in a few hours. The ‘ fast ceach with relays of horses that inno- vated upon the old wagons with canvass tops, and accomplished a day's’ jcurney at the rate of nine or ten miles an hour; and the steady, and comparatively comfortable canal packets, for a time the most popular of all the early plans of locomotion, in thor turn yielded to railway progress, and the prediction of Darwin has been realized to an extent which defies description. 4 Our whole conntry is a network of iron roads, 4 ’ over which, day and night, innumerable trains } are flying, crowded with passengers, the vital force of the nation being constantly in motion throughout these channels of traffic and com- munication. The most distant points are now but a few hours apart, and the poetic enthusiast who once called on the gods to annihilate time and space to make lovers happy, if he had lived to our day. would have seen his prayer granted, not merely for lovers, but all other kinds of folks—men of busigess and pleasure travellers especially. Yet with ‘all the immense superiority attend- ing railway travelling, like every other system , which is human, it has its inconveniences and inany dangers. Steam is a tremendous power; but it requires careful management. Machinery, thongh ever so ingenious and well arranged, is liable to derangement, and the iron rail, though the smoothest of all road surfaces, is brittle and treacherous; the most splendid bridges sink sometimes into the gulf which they span; switches are turned the wrong way, end the misdirected trains dash down embankments into a‘thousand pieces; the watchmen and flag- men drowse at moments when they should be wide awake, and we are continually obliged to / record the logs of life or the infliction of daa- gerous wounds, the result of carelessness, mis- management, or of nainral causes against which no human forcsight can protect itself. ‘ We hold to the opinion that vast im- provements may yet be effected for the security of travellers, and that they will yet be readily accomplished. We expect yet to see the plan’ adopted of construct- ing passenger cars of iron, so that if they aye overturned or collided with, they will not break into pieces or splinter. Freight cars are already used of this material on the prin- cipal Western roads with great economy asd gatety to freight. Then, again, we aro sure to have’ ere long » new system of coupling intro- duced—at present clumsy, inconvenient and dangerous. Cars may be so coupled that they may be connected or separated automatically, and if any one ig thrown off the track it is im stantly disengaged from the others. This kiné of coupling may also be used to prevent the vibration or luteral swing of the cars, alike dis- agreeable and dangerous. * But leaving theag matters fir she gonslders ra tion of engineers, A 4% Immediate reforme ) due to the public in the routine management of the roads, in regard to the comfort and secu- rity of passengers, which may he accomplished ’ hy tho mere civility of the conductors, if the managers of the roads will taks the trouble to enforce the circulation of that cheap currency. We call their attention to the letter from s correspondent, in another part of the Heratp, who has had large experience in raflways, points at au evil of every day’s observation, aud the sooner the remedy is applied the better for the public. Ovr Sonprens av Home.—The events of the , late war have developed in an ex! manner the facility with which the American people adapt themselves to every circumstance that may arise, no matter how strange or how new. When the exigencies of the hour de- manded the arms and lives of the people to put down rebellion, they left their farms, their workshops, their country homes and their city stores, with an alacrity that astonished the world. Within a month after the call of the President this peaceful people presented an army of hundreds of thousands of trained and task gallantly by restoring the Union whose destruction bad been threatened, they are now returning to their homes, to become peaceable citizens again. Many people supposed that the disbandment of this vast army would lead io vagrancy and rowdyism, and other evils, in our crowded, cities, on the part ‘of meh fresh from the wild life of the camp. In any other country in the world such would, undoubtedly; be the result; but vagrancy is not an American institution. A few there may be who for a time will remain drones and loafers; but even they will find their condition so irksome and unpopular that, like their industrious comrades, they, too, will he- come submerged in the general body of tho laboring and producing community. Sitice the first of May we find that two hundred and eight thousand soldiers passed westward over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. There must have been one hundred thousand more trav- elled north over the other roads, and yet we do not see them lounging about the ‘cities, ex- cept the resident portion of them, and they aro throwing off the uniform, as fast as they are mustered out, and returning to the civil avo~ cations which they loft at the sound of the war ‘The aoldierg who kelong to the comme disciplined troops. Having performed their , t \ ‘ ‘