The New York Herald Newspaper, July 24, 1865, Page 3

“(TRE MONROE DOCTRINE. . OFFICIAL UTTERANCES. BY PRESIDENT MONROE, . DECLARATION * Its Assertion in the Baltimore Platform. . » VOTE ‘OF THE SENATE. SPEECH OF SECRETARY HARLAN. SPEECH OF MAJOR GENERAL BANKS, / SPEECH OF GENERAL WRIGHT. Letter from Major General Lew Wallace, &e., &e., The Monroe doctrine, as announced by Presidént Mon- foe in his message of December 2, 1823, is as follows :— With the existing colonies or dependencies of any Baropess Power we have not interfered, and shall not faterfere. But with the governments who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and whose inde- Pendence we have on great consideration and on just Principles acknowledged, we could not view any interpo- sition for the purpose of oppressing thom, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European Power, inany other light than as a manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRE- BENTATIVES. On the 4th of April, 1864, the following resolution, re- {, ported from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, was una- mimously adopted by the House of Representatives of the United States, one hundred and nine members being Present, and every member voting yea:— Resolved, That the Congress of the United States are wnwilling by silence to leave the nations of the world under the impression that they are indifferent spectators of the deplorable events now transpiriug in the republic of Mexico; therefore they think it fit to declare that it oes not accord with the people of the United States to acknowledge a. monarchal government erected on the ruins of any republican government in America, under the auspices of any European Power. MONROE DOCTRINE PLANK IN THE BALTIMORE PLATFORM, On the 8th of June,“ise4, the convention which met in Baltimore for the purpose of nominating candidates for President and Vice President, and by whom Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were nominated, adopted ‘apanimously and with unbounded applause, asa part of ‘the platform of the party, the following resolution, viz: — Resolved, That we approve the position taken by the government that tho people of the United States can mever regard with indiflerence the attempt of any Euro- * Power to overthrow by force, or to supplant by . the institations of any republican government on &o. A the Western continent. (Prolonged applause.) And that they will view with extreme erage td as menacing "to peace and independence of this per conn the efforts of any such Power to obtain new footholds for governments sustained by a foreign military in near proximity to the United States. (Long con- tinted applause.) - ‘VOTE OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. Om the 18th of January, 1865, in the Senate of the United States, the: Diplomatic Appropriation bill being \, under consideration, Mr, Wade, of Ohio, moved to amend by inserting before the word ‘ Mexico” the words “the Tepublic of.*? He said there were two governments in Mexico. Wo could recognize none but the “ republic.”” ‘We could have nothing to do’ with the empire. The ‘emendment of Mr, Wade was adopted without debate, aad the Diplomatic Appropriation bill was then passed. In the House of Representatives, on the 20th of Janu- ‘ary, the House concurred in the Senate's amendment to the Diplomatic Appropriation bill, and the bill was passed. “ GECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR HARLAN ON TRE . * MONROE DOCTRINE. At the laying of the corner stone’ of the Protestant Orphan Asylum in the city of Washington, on the 13th Sustant, the Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Harlan, in his address, sai ‘When the French, not now so friendly to our gery. ey to arms in the defence of the Turkish na- lity we all applauded; but when they attempt to @rush feeble Mexico we despise their want of generous gallantry, and wish it might be the. will of God, in the order of his idence, that this great republic of ours should be called upon to protect hor feeble sister re- public, This remark met with general applause from the arge auditory present. SPEECH OF MAJOR GENGRAL BANKS. On the Fourth of July, at New Orleans, Major General Banks, in the course of a long and eloquent oration, spoke as follows upon the subject of the Monroe doc- trine:— by This question we have to meet. The earlier ac- quisitions of Eu “an Powers on this continent wo § respected and would continue to respect; but a foot- hold gained by taking advantage of our domestic troubles ‘we would not respect ; for new European successes on this continent would lestructive of our libertios, He held that the future of the American continent was for Ame- Ficans, A strange, if not hostile, flag is on our borders, ‘and, if necessary, It must be—will be driven away. SPERCH OF GENERAL G. W. WRIGHT. Ata large and enthusiastic mecting held in the city of Sacramento, California, on the 10th of June Jast, for the expression of the feeling of the citizens of California tn behalf of the people of Mexico in their present @ruggle fora republican form of goverument, General @. W. Wright, lately in command of the Department of the Pacific, was called upon to preside, and addressed the id meeting bs follows :— . We have met here this evening not only to express our sympathy for a sister republic, whose gallant sons are battling against the usurper of their liberties, but also to give an expression of the people as to the proper ection to be taken in the matter. I need not say to you that my warmest sympathies are with the liberal cS as of Mexico, and I do not for a moment bt that the government of the United States ‘* firmly determined to maintain the doc- trine, so dear to us all; and strengthened expres- sions of the people at public meetings throughout the country, the usurper will be driven from his throne, and a free, iiberal government firmly established over that country. From the first invasion of Mexico I have watched the progress of events in that country with the deepest interest, and being in command of the military Department of the Pacific, it became my duty to keep my ment advised of the condition of affairs im the ad- ining of Mexico, and to make such suggestions asl ey deem necessary for the protection of this State. My qPrrespondence with the di it com- meinced than a year since, and I will tree ‘upo ‘patience by reading a letter 1 Badreased 40 i 1t-General of the’ army on the 14th of March, Heapquaarens, Drranturnt ov te Pacrric, Ban Francisco, March 14, I j Covonet—For more than twelve Thave a clone observer of our national affairs on this coast, and during thin Itural amd mineral resources of our domain of the ‘The value of our lon coast cant be m from the Eastern States will fade hundred thousand ily to ation, a bu ousAl anno our yal and hy motive is heard tn, the siesta the whistle of the of the capital of California, moving along the line of the rent Pi soon to stretch its irou across continent, and bind together indissolubly the t and the West. But in the meantime it is of Fon age Import- ance that this remote , aa zet feeble in population and resources, ghould receive foitering care and protec. of erecta. Tt ia not from dial nfm ri in our we have *” «pprehend danger; but ibis the ad- Veotof an unscrupyl — ioreign enemy In thesStates of a alster republic, Bordering on oar southern frontier, which sppreheusions. Our commerce with the Mex!- hy is rapidly grow! im } Cewope tirown into that go and igs af the pve on ahimeonst agaltes the anv state on oar wouthern order, an in close our finest harbors on this coast, in moet uaraistakable evince of Hi #ygpathy wit te re yrige of Galitorata, Uke bright" occidental star oe ered only to the States of Mexico on the imme. te frontier of my department, but should It pe the policy rnment to enforce the doctrines 40 re werk So heat Lean guarantee that the Joyal men on the raoific coast will not be behind their brethren of the Atlan. ‘and will meet them half way in the Halls of the Monte ‘hich may once more be occupicd by an American . neral United States Army, Commanding. rae So"fownsenn, Asnotant ‘Adjutant General, Hecdguartars of the Army, Washington, D. 0. Again, more than a year ago, I remarked :— ‘The war waged by the Freuch Emperor against a sister most unmis now in arms RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS. 8 &. = 3 = [ The following resglutions were also unanimously and enthusiastically adopted by the meeting :— Resolved, That the people of the United States have, by crepe tele and complete supp! of the rebel- lion, given to oppressed races of world the renewed assurance of their love of a truly republican form of government ard of their opposition to ariatocra- cies, kingeraft and oppression. Resolved, That we extend our sympathies to all ple struggling to maintain ther independence and to free themselves from the yoke of im or domestic and that we heartilyseympathize with the people in their efforts to rid themselves of an im- ported government not of their choice, and of a system by which, on American soll, emperors ang aristocracies are sought by foreign bayonets to be substituted *for a republican form of government. (4 ved, That the people of the United States have toe endorsed the principles known as the ‘Monroe doctrine’’ toabandon them in the flush of victory; and whije we do not ask our government to enforce this doc- trine until, in the wisdom of those who so ably conduct ft, the proper time shall have arrived, we desire to ex- press our adherence to it and love for it, and to look for- ward to the time when it shall be enforced. Resolved, That the motives of acommon humanity, as well as the dictates of self-preservation, demand that our government should not permit the exiles and traitors of our own land to find a home in Mexico, and assist the traitors of that country in crashing out a republican oe created by the free will of the people of lexico. LETTER FROM MAJOR GENERAL LEW WALLACE. ‘We make the following extrd@ts from along and very able letter, which pias recently appeared from the pen of Major General Lew Wallace, in which he enters into an elaborate discussion of the Mexican question and in- vokes the immediate action of the United States govern- ment in suppoft of the Monroe doctrine. Wasiixaton City, June 15, 1860. Cotoxer—In your letter of the 9th inst. you say that you aud a number‘of your military friends are thinking seriously of taking service in the Mexican liberal army; that you are hesitating, because being lovers of your country, and having once shed your blood in defence of her laws, you would not now do anything that wonld be a violation of those laws, You then do me the honor to ask my opinion ‘upon the subject, and express a belief that it may fix your resolution one wey or fhe often: * * Please turn back and note particularly the proposed object of this tripartrite arrangement (the allied interven- tion in Mexico), and the clear and emphatic disclaimers respecting territorial acquisitions and interference with, the governmental rights of the people of Mexico. *. * This condensed historical account of the rupture at Orizaba is taken from ‘‘Lawrence’s Wheaton on Interna- tional Law,” and I quote it here to show:— 1, That Napoleon deceived his associates, England and Spatn, and pertidiously violated his articles of solemn convention with them. 2. That one of his real objects in the expedition to Mex- ico, was territory and the subversion of her republican government. 8. That in the progress of the invasion President Jua- rez, offered to settle the demands upon his coun and negotiate, which, in violation of international law, Napo- Jeon refused, 4, That Almonte, a Mexican traitor, proposed the establishment of a monarchy in the person of an Aus- trian duke; and that the Freneh, notwithstanding the declarations and disclaimers in Article 2 of the London Convention, embraced the idea, protected its proposer, and marched on the Mexican capital, 5. That this bad faith, this cool abnegation of the limits assigned by the treaty to the combined action, were the causes which indated England and Spain to re- tire from the base copartnership and withdraw their qactan from. the soptinent, e ‘ The foregoing ought to -inferm you thoroughly of the villanous imperialism now squatted at our poxt door, To perfect the sketch I will deepen the shadows with a military sacrilege of the same origin. General Wallace here wafrates the act of per- fidy and cowardice by which | the French forces, im violation of their honor, pledged im the Convention of La Soledad, gained the passes of the Chiquihuite, and by such strategy effected an entrance into the interior of the country, which they feared they might not be able to accomplish by force of arms. «* * To you, Colonel, asoldier, this strategy needs no com- ment. In development of his designs, after the Mexican capital fell into his hands, Napoleon eet up Maximilian and established the nt so-called empire. Up to the date of this event internal condition of Mexico was simply that of war between the governments of Mexico and France, and the relation of the United States to the two belligerents was that of neutral, imposed by the law of nations, and, under the circumstances, not inconsist- ent with the Monroe doctrine. This is very clear; but are the relations of our government to Maximilian and his empire just so clear? What are thore reiationg, refernbly to the Yaw of na- tions? Observe, Colonel, my question has nothing to do with Napoleon—it relates exclusively to his creature, Maximilian. Here General Wallace gives a long and interesting sketch of Louis Napoleon’s plans under the intervention from its outset, for which we regret we have not space. When you have read all the foregoing you*will have a tolerable idea of how the French got into Mexico, of their perfidies, of their objects, of our present relations to Maximilian, and of the danger to the Monroe doctrine, Thus prepared let me go on. Here on my table 1s a little pamphiet entitled “De- crees of the Mexican Constitutional Republican Govern- ment, inviting American Emigrants to Settle in the Re- public of Mexico.” I open it with curiosity, and find, upon reading, that it is more than an invitation; it ace tually offers inducements to emigrants, in the shape of land bounties. Benito Juarez is looking to the United States, Who is tyrant ot Mex! * ° het Our people have been #o busy in the four years past, soldier’ drilling and fighting, citizens trading and getting rich, that they have really bad no time to keep well posted about their neighbors. What Abraham Lin- coln was to us Benito Juarez has been to his countrymen. rere eto” are “eet ee “valerie reer “ods itation and inducement to American emigrants offered you, among others, are his ideas, and they have in view not merely aid in war, but ultimate ‘amalgamation of the two Americanias. ‘Hence, instead of gold bounties, he promises you and your friends land bounties, Ifyou and they resolve to accept this invita tion and go to Mexico, I do not believe President John- son will interfere w prevent your going: I feel sure he will not unless you violate some law which, by his oath, he cannot but execute. This brings me to the inquiry what is our Neutrality law? You will find it in “Brightly’s Digest, Laws of the United States.” Instead of quoting the relevant sections of the act, it will be more aera to you, I think, if I copy what the Supreme Court has deci to be penal under them. “It is not a crime ander this act to leave the country with intent to enlist in a foreign military service, nor to transport persons out of the country, with their own con- sent, who have an intention of so enlisting. To consti- tuto a crime ander the statute, such persons must be hired or retained to go abroad with the intent of such en- listing. ""—United States vs. Razinski; 8 Law Reports, section 4, opinion 336, If your purpose is to enlist in Mexico upon’ arrival there, and you are not hired or retained for that jemi ged here, you can go and take with you, by sea or land, as many as depart voluntarily under the same conditions. Such, my friend, being the law, do not hesitate on the score cause. Saying nothing about the right on his sid Juarez now represents our government. In my judgment he is actually defending our highest wal inte- rests, = * * * * * * ° Leannot help thinking that what is written is suffi- cient; but, my dear Colonel, lest your scruples are still uw en, ideg ad astep further. Remember, my as- sertion was that Juarez was fighting our battles. Apt here are four reasons why our governinent should interfere without a day's delay :— 1. By so doing we deprive Napoleon of most of the ad- ie above enut 2. half, million men whom he counts on as bis in time, would now fight their own battles against him. We would be called on merely to furnish them arms and war material, the cost of which, in the event the Mexicans never paid for them, be the total of the cost of the war to usin that field of operations, As for men, we need do no more than send an escort to the mate- py te ee on Rio Grande, That need not move a tamoros. A 3. We xan a moral advantage iteelf worth armies. If we interfere now we do it by invitation of the lar con- stitutional government of Mexico. If we wait Ji and his government will be os to dust, and when at last we move Europe will hold us as Mlibusters and invaders, 4. If we wait until the empire is established let our tax- yers get ready to change their grumbles into howls, Europe's curse is ours, Never again will we do without a standing Batimate, if yoe can, the spprepria, tions which will be annually required to pay and support the regiments in garrison from the Grande to El Paso, and thence to the Pacific coast. Whats line of supply the desert will be, Let the Utah war teach us a lesson. Maximilian fears ns now, He will always fear ua. His army will be in proportion to hia fears, pit nd army will be in proportion to his. And why not add a fifth reason? There is to my mind Ped peney ona in the idea that @ foreign war wou! the fraternization of the Ne of lately hos- tile sections, Unite the “reb’’ and he under the old flag, let them show the Freneh NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JULY 24, 1865. THE SPRINGFIELD ARMORY. What it Has Done Daring the War— What it is Now Doing—Retrenchment of Expenses the Order of the Day—All About Breech Loading Arms and Their Utility, d&e. OUR SPRINGFIELD CORRESPONDENCE. Srrrvarieup, Mass., July 15, 1865, Retrenchment of expenses is the order of the day at the national gun factory in this city, now the war is ended. Up to the close of the rebellion the capacity of the workshops upon the hill was taxed to the utmost to accommodate workmen engaged in the manufacture, for immediate use, of that world renowned soldier's friend, the Springfeld musket. For more than two years pre- vious to the fall of Richmond the pay rolls at the armory embraced the names of three thousand men, to whom one hundred and eighty thousand dollars were paid monthly—an average of sixty dollars-per man, ‘With this labor expense one thousand guns were turned out daily, and still the demand more than equalled the supply. Private enterprise stepped in to supply the deficiency, and instances of large profits accruing from the necessities of the government are fresh in my memory. It will be borne in mind that since the destruction of the Harper's Ferry Armory, the Springfeld establishment has been the only government institution of ita kind in the country. Enlargement of ‘its manufacturing capacity was contemplated, F believe, when the close of the war flattened the market for guns. Upwards of two thousand workmen have been discharged from these works sinte them;and no more guns.of the old pattern are to be made. Pay roll expenses alone have been reduced to about sixty thousand dollars por month. The workmen are to be employed in finishing up the parts of muskets already in the works when peace came, and in repairing damaged guns which are coming from Southern battle flelds in large numbers, Two hun- dred and fifty thousand stand of arms are stored in the Arsenal, fifty thousand stand have just been sent to the Columbus (Ohio) Arsenal, and others will be sent to the different loyal States as requisitions are made, and store- room provided for the arms. 80 far as Springtteld mus- kets are concerned, Uncle Sam is in a healthy condition for another war. js BREECH-LOADING ARMS, Advancement in the art of war demands the snbatitu- tion of breech-loading arms and metallic cartridge for the comparatively unwieldy muzzle-loaders heretofore generally used by infantry soldiers’ Three or four years’ experience with the Spencer and Sharp riffes have cbn- vineed practical soldiers that rapidity as well as accuracy in firing is necessary to work the right kind of dismay in the ranks of an enemy. It has taught them that a slight reduction in the weight and ‘bulk of sixty rounds of ammunition and the discarding of the cap box are desirable in the comfortable accomplishment of a long march, The use of a breech-loading arm offers both these advantages, and .ong before the war clos"d they were clamorous for its adoption. Since General A. B. Dyer hax been at tho head of the Ordnance Bureau, the subject of breech- Joading guns has received thorough investigation, and the results will soon be made public, I have no doubt A board of officers, of which Major T. T. 8. Laidley, Super- interident of Springfield Armory, is president, has spent reveral months experimenting with the different patterns submitted to the bnrean for examination. Sixty-five patterns were examined before the board temporarily suspended its labors, all but one of American invention. Some of the patterns merits of simplicity and cheapness in manufacture, others of solidity, rapidity, and length of range; but the poorest of all outshone the old mozzle-loading musket in all desirable attributes, ‘The Peabody, Chick, Remington and Joslyn arms were each favorably viewed by the board. Their report was sent to Washington several weeks ago, yet'there Is a rospect that the board will soon be obliged to resume its labors. Inventors have sent in improvements and alter- ations, and a large number of new patterns have been forwarded to General Dyer. i THE MASTER ARMORER’S FOBEMH. While ingeniovs men throughout the country hare been turn®g their attention excisively to the produc- tion of an acceptable breech-loader from the raw mate- rial Mr. Erskine 8. Allin, master armorer at Springfield, has been cogitating and experimenting, with a view of altering the Springfield musket to a breech-loader. He has suceceded in producing an excellent gun. by removing about three inches from the base of the Sprinufleld mus- ket barre] and substitut'n, cartridge mber, which Ufts in gnd out-of place by a hinge motion. Opera- tion of loading the picce with o metalli¢ cartridge ie rapidly and easily per! ormed, and after the discharze the shell of the cartridge is thrown ont by means'of @ spring. Mr. Allin’s chamber is simple, not expensive, and not able to get out offorder. A slight elongation of the hammer js the only alteration needed in the Springfield musket to imake it a highly serviceable breech- londer, according to Mr Allin's model. Five thousand muskets will be altered to Mr. ANin’s pattern and placed in the hands of thé troops for practical test. There can be no donbt of ite perfect success. Mr. Allin deseryes great credit for. originating a scheme that will result in such great saving to the government. To sam up the achievements of inventors in fow words—the prospects are that soldiers of our next war will not be bothered with clumsy muzzle-loading “foul-ing™ pieces. THE WOODBRIDGE CANNON, Dr. Woodbridge, an ingenious gentleman, of Little Falls, Herkimer county, N. Y., has invented a cannon which is destined to work a wonderful revolution in field ordnance. Dr. Woodbridge has taken a simple tube of bronze, or common cannon metal, having a uniform thickness of half an inch, with a calibre of two and one- haif inches. This tube bas been wound diagonally from muzzle to breoch and from breech to muzzie with stout though flexible steel wire, until its thickness was increased to one and a half inch nearly. The whole was then dipped into molten bronze, the interstices ,of the wire filled up by the metal and another solid tube formed as a crust over the wire. The tube was then turned down and polished and the bore rifled. This completed the pieco with thetexception of trunnions, The Doctor subsequently submitted his invention to the Ordnance Department for a test, when an appropriation was made to that end. The trial of the piece was made before Vice Admiral Dahl- cren, I believe ; but that worthy old hero, probably seeing no chance to stamp it-as a “Dahlgren gun,” rather dashed the hopes of the inventor by poohing at hie pro- ject. The Doctor persevered at the department, however, till Onally the piece was submitted to Major Laidley for test and report. A trunnion band of wrought i four inches broad and half an inch thick, was shrunk and [sree on, and the gon mounted for trial. Major Laid- ley commenced the test more than two weeks since, and the gun has been fired under his direction one thousand three hundred and twenty-seven times, seven hundred times with a charge of one pound of powder, and a seven and a balf pound shot, the balance with one anda half pound of powder and a ten pound shot. It has been found imposible to buret it. Owing to the lightness of the gun and the weight of the projec- tile there is,considerable recotl. On the thigtéen bun. dred and twenty.seventh round the trunnion band was broken, and the piece flew back a couple of rods, through the side of a wooden building; but there was no appre- ciable enlargement of the bore. Major Laidley proposes to remount the gun and continue the test up to fourteen hundred rounds with an increased charge. If it does not burst, and nobody expects it will, the piece will receive his unqualitied approval. Dr. Woodbridge’s gun weighs one hundred and thirty-nine pounds; a Parrott or Rod- man field piece, throwing the same sized projectile (ten Re, ries seven hundred or eight hundred pounds, , Woodbridge thinks the principle may be epplied to heavy ordnance ag well ax to fleld pieces, TUR COMMANDANT AT 8PRINGFIELD, Major T. T. 8. Laidley, the commandant at Springfield Armory, has Deen in charge there since the promotion of General Dyer to the head of the Ordnance Bureau. The head of the government works hore is necessarily @ rominent citwen of b Epes and Iam told that Ma- fe L.'s popularity is all that his old friends in the. ser- vice could wish. Major one will be remembered by the people of Fayetteville, N. C., as commandant at the Arsenal at Fayetteville before the war. Ihave to thank him for permissions, and Mr. L. C. Allin, foreman of the filing department, for explanations. MMITH AND WAHONE. ‘These famoun pistol manufacturers are running their works to their full ity. One hundred pistols are turned out daily, yet they cannot half supply the demand for their favorite weapon. They are now filling orders for pistols received many weeks ago. 1 judge pistol making is profitable. Looking over the income returns to-day, I noticed that each of the proprietors of the pis- tol factory acknowledge returns up to $80,000, Duties of Railroad Companies—Discom- fort of Travellers—A Remedy. TO THE BDITOR OF THE HERALD. Having just returned from an extended railway tour over the principal lines in this State, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Canada West, I propose briefly to comment on some of the circumstances which attended my excursion, in the hope that my remarks will lead to reforms in their management due to a liberal public, from whom these companies are deriving large incomes. - Crossing to Jersey City, I took the Erie road at ite depot across the river, which, to say the least, is a most ill kept affair, dirty and inconvenient, narrow in dimen- sions, hot and crowded. The traveller is left to find his way to the train in the best way he can, no agents or conductors to show him the proper car, no placards announcing {te destinatién, or to seat passengers anxiously running through the cars to find seats. Indeed, on thia and most of the roads passengers seem to be thought of little importance except to pay for their tickets, The different stopping places are not dis- tinctly announced, nor the time allowed for stops. 4 It is impossible to obtain. information at the junctions or diverging lines, and the consequence is in many instances that persons are carried off from their intended routes and put to much inconvenience and expense. The conductor, train starts, ie rarely seen except after passing station of importance, fe them fin, nme nen oy when he comes round to seo if the tickets and fares are to carry the patriot Benito Juarez in triamph back to his | all lar, At Bornclieviile, wae the Atlantic and aacient City of Mexico, and they will quit tall about | Great Westernttaken c! intending to Shiloh Chancolloreyille, urg and Chicka- ly wont over their line—the trains wi here separate fet Wir bey beta sive eueelpou gis them aay | fou ingen’ abana necemay vo Sfeertes, 0 ectamen Yauso in butte, ands glory great | direct the traveller. Supper seemed vo be the engromsng M; Metter ta already’ t Jong, and for that reason I will fayette oor o_tow mieaen, meio cocks Whatever havo m: wisher. considerate fellow traveller truly, yeur tend,” law w, TKalor General,” | escape from a journey! bed not bargained. Tor, And here 1 may say that I fully in the remark of an editor of a Western journal who often passes over these sends, that the principal ecu of a Western traveller during his journey is to keep on the road and avoid beidg “shunted” off on the wrong track. All this difficulty would be obviated if the con- ductors thought it their duty to look after the passengers as well as their ticketa, Once past Salamanca, how- ever, I found these attendants courteous and attentive, and so I got to Cleveland instead of being carried off to Cincinnati, T also found but little effort made to advise travellers of the hours of departure from the principal cities. At Cleveland T found uo bills or placards announcing the time of tho trains, and only by @ judicious distribution of Tyee! currency anong the waiters and porters was I able to obtain the requisite information. On _my way East from Detroit I was induced to take the Grand Trunk to Buffalo, being assured that I would reach this place as carly as if I took the Great Western. But I discovered that the Grand Trunk depended on the Buffalo and Lake Huron to pe their through con- tract, and the result was that I reached Buftalo too late for the Niagara Falls train the same evening—bappily, however, to flud some compensation at the new an ob gant ‘fim Hotel, which ‘surpasses in most Tespects the most complete establishments even of our own city, From the Falls we departed for Rochester, and there were informed by @ conductor on the straight line that by diverging by the route through Canandaigua, Geneva, and Auburn, offer- ing us the attractions of ‘the lake scen and those beautiful villages, we should lose nothing’ in time, but reach Syracuse in season to pursue our journey to Albany the same night. But we soon found ‘out our mistake, We were huddled into one car, many of the ngers being obliged to stand, and at the tail of a freight train we jogged on most uncomfortably, stopping every few minutes to pick up cars loaded with «bricks or lum- ber, or gome such material. We did not reach Syracuse tilt long after dark, and were set down at a freight depot at some distance'from the heart of the city, amidst a network of tracks, unable to escape from them, or reach any hotel in seourity. The trains were coming and go- ing, flashing their lights upon our dangerous path and only bewildering us the more. Here it was, ‘ever, that we found a friend in a young conductor, J. B, Reed, who, apologizing for the share he had in being unable to Jand us at the usual station, and who in a service of eleven years had devoted himself to the interests of his employers not only, but the comfort of his n- gers, took his lantern and = walked , with us through this fearful maze for more than half a mile, and safely brought us to w hotel, where he saw to our comfort and secured us excellent places in the sleeping car going east that might at a later hour, When it is considered that one of our party was a lady, it may be imagined how grateful we were to him, and how indig- nant we were at the deception practised upon us at Rochester, and the utter disregard of the company for the comfort of the passengers. Teaving Albuny by the Harlem road, we were obliged +0 lie for two hours near Kinderhook, by the breaking down of the engine and the necessity of sending a messenger to Chatham to get a fresh engine in place of the old disabled one, and then run the remainder of the distance in constant fear of collision over the single track. Although the telegraph wires ran from the place of our misfortune, the operator was absent, and we lost all this time in consequence, although the wires are the special property of the Hartera Company, and are for its benefit exclugively. I was, however, happy to reach home at last, On all'the roads the stoppages were entirely made as it seemed for the convenience of the engineers and con- ductors. Meals were hurriedly swallowed, and the pas- sengers, after being assured they would have time to eat, wore glad very often to finish their luncheons in the cars, bmp in hand, and the ten minutes cut down to five or six. in short, the whole journey was most uncomfortable, and I wonder that the public will crowd into these trains where they are yo little considered. I would advocate an entire change in the policy of those lines. I would advise their managers not to consider mankind as their natural enemies and to be treated as such, but, on the contrary, to study their comfort a little m: than they do at present; to see that proper announcements be made at each station and junction—in fact, to attach to each train a person whose sole business should be to give information to inquirors to see that the passengers are properly seated and made as comfortable as circum- stances will permit, to put on additional cars when there is a crowd, and fn general to make the journey a pleasant one; instead of which it is now most disagrecable and distressing. Conftuing myself to this one topic, I omit any remurks on what I observed of the practical munage- ment of some of the roads, not wondering at the difficul- ties they haye encountered, and will still have to’encoun- ter, in the money market. The whole American world seems to bo on the move, and evidently many of our peuple are of @ class. that . never travelled before. Strange groups are seep. Here is a specimen: A man, hia Sonne wife, with three or four small children; the wife buying the late worka from the book pediers in the care, and ove of her children very poorly dressed and travel barefoot, They lunched from a box of nardines anda large bottle of mixed pickles. The Antec Sacto mix of the Kmperor Mani- milinn. FO THE EMTOK OF THE HPRALD, At the present time, when Mexiwa and its Emperor, Maxiwilian, attriet so much pndiie attention, it will not be uninteresting to the impartial rader to learn some. thing of the past history of a man against whom the entire press of the United States seems to be arrnyed— whether justly or unjustly 1 will not ‘now examine. But it is at least certain that no. correct ides of the character and of the mind of this prince can be formed from reporta which, on their very fave, reveal either # careless ignorauce of the facts of the case or an inten tion to misrepresent, The Emperor Maximilian is Ue eldest brother of the reigning Emperor of Austria, and was educated after the usual system of education of Austrian princes. He d at an early age great talents and strength of cha The emall Nking which he entertained for the army, which forme the nsual pation of Anstrian princes, may have been the principal reason for granting hini the privilege of choosing another profession: and as itis a rule that every Austrian prince should serve the coun try, he, of course, selected the navy, which at that time was in its infaney. . In his fifteenth year the Prince, accordingly, was trans- ferred to the navy; and, taught by the best inasters, and surroanded by the bost offers, he acquired in a short time a practicni and thorough knowledge of the require ments of the maritime profession, and entered into active gervice w lieutenant in 1849, He made his way up trough all the grades till he reached the position of admirs). His love for the navy and his profound nauti- ‘cul Knowledge soon gained for him the respect, while his nd frank mai y won for bim the affection of tt As admiral he created the Austrian navy of nothing. Aud this beglid in sy) culties inherent Austria erradics as of those diffic from ed hostility army. T y thus called into pete with ai f a similar rank, and ths to do ite duty jate wars with France and must ‘be carried to the account o: tl rn not to the chief of the Navy Departmen 4 In_ 1458 an important change took place in the life of the Prince, When Austria saw nt the eleventh hour the danger into which bad government bad brought ber Italian provinces she looked in vain around her for a savior of them, The Vrince, who, during extensive vayages around the globe, had acquired x knowledge of the world and of human natare, had already attracted public attention to a considerable degree, and the government desired to. place the administration of these provinces in his hands at a time when every impartial observer must have seen that their loss to the crown was inevitable, It is impossiblo now to speculate upon the demands of the Prince and the concessions which were made to him by yvernment; but certain it is that in the hour of » verything was lod, to be publicly withbeld again as soon as the military by Austria enabled her to retain y the force of the bayonet, ruled in Italy with bis ipnate love for Mberty and progross, and in # manner that secured to him in « short time the universal respect and affvetion of the people, while at the same time it excited distrust and dissatisfaction in the bosom of a biassed government. ruling in Italy at that time himself with a powerful party, and at the same time gain the affection and the esteem Of the Italian people, demonstrates more than all ot arguments that he is possessed of a high political capacity and of a rare businggs tact. In order to gather around him the powerful MP wealthy nobility of North Ttaly, who were then masters of the situation, he was obliged to make a princely display, which ignorance and Jealousy in after years decried as unwarranted extra- ‘vagance. As time went on he made tho fulfilment of the Austrian Emperor's promives «# condition sine qua non of his further rule, and demanded in the Mame of Italy such concessions as would have averted the fate which followed afterwards. Under this prince’s rule Italy would have been free and united, Without being oblized to sell ite liberty to an ally; would have retained Venice and become a natural ally of Aus- try, which thus would have won as much in a moral sense ‘as it has since lost materially by the force of arms. ‘When the Archduke Maximilian saw that all his hopes were thwarted by policy of his government and by ideas belongivg to another century, he handed in his jon | retired to private life. Six months more The hduke’s avowed political opinions, bis ante- Cedents and his position in the ceuntry made him, of course, the leader of the liberal and [ey mah a and thereby increased hin difficulties and dangers with the ent, The choice of the Mexicans at inst freed the government of the presence of a map whose birth, whore talents and whose noble traits of character could scarcely have failed to influence for good the fature of Austria, and perhaps of all Germany. His erous endeavor to make Weng use of hia the benefit of mankind induced him to ex- ange his splendid in Bur for the crown of th In Mexioo--deotded an act of self-denial, which ‘merits the of the whole civilized 4. The = sacrifices which he made by renouncing his large erty coming to him from the Hapsburgs, likewise rn Borpstt ving ina. prae and proces t's peopl Vv A hreh ina “panied inv for these blenal for baif a century, are surcly traits which elevate his character and hie good far above all # and denorve the merited jon of the nation by which he was elected Emperor. No see eens 0 ment certainly can deny that to raise Mexico fren he condition of anarchy and rin which she has for nearly half a century weltered is the emential condition to any development of freedom in that coun- eto nr Ba te a jexican empire, Pie ten means ced Lad will sy the Monroe doctrine the imdividual fudgmont of evi But & rptrospeot of the Prince's | coplagus, but on visiting the tomb declined to do go if it and an honest survey of his course are’suffictent to con- vinee any one that he would never consent to be a ruler by the force of bayopets against the will of the peopl as he has often Been falsely charged with doy He would have abandoned Mexico long ago if he were not convinced by the voice of all that is intellivent in Mexico that his government is better qualified than any other to give peace, prosperity and happivess to that unfortunate nation. If the empire of Mexico had such a feeble foundation as has often been represented there would nothing re- main for the Emperor but to re-embark as soon as possi- ble. The truth is he ie not only protected by his soldiers but by a powerful pany of liberty and progress-loving citizens, willing and eager to sustain him against a horde of banditti and the machinations of priests and others to assure the real liberty and progress of aries MOUNT VERNON. Ite Histor; Its Proprietors, Its Rel Its Reminiscences and Its Present Co: oe ihe W: tellige er, July 22.) m the Washington Int ncer, July There has probably ‘never been so great a throng of visitors to this national shrine in the history of the country as at the present time. The fine steamer run- ning regulerly thither from this city is ly patro- nized, while multitudes are daily going there by land conveyances. The throng of soldiers thither is espe- cially very numerous. The distance from Washington 18 some fifteen miles—about nine below Alexandria. At the death of General Washington, in 1799, the Mount Vernon estate comprised several thousand acres of land ina solid body, extending many miles on the Potomac river. "A-large part of it was under tillage. It was divided into five farms, each cultivated by its own negroes, with an overseer, and the whole under general superintendent, and all under the careful inspection of the great ehtef him- self. His own negroes numbered one hundred and twenty; his wife’s were as many more. Wheat, corn, and tobacco were the chief products of the estate, to- bacco being, however, much less cultivated in the latter years of his life than in earlier times, Upon the estate there was a fine two story stone corn and flour mill, the remnants of which are still visible on Dogue creek, up which flatboats came alongside the mill. ‘The water to carry the mill was brought in a race some mile and a half from a ‘tumbling dam” up Dogue run. The old mill house is still in good condition, and is occupied by a colored family. Near this mill was also his distillery, There were aiso a brickyard, a carpenter establishment, blacksmith shop—the estate forming, in fact, a sort of age. Originally the Mount Vernon estate consisted of one- half of tive thousand acres assigned to Washington's great grandfather, who, in conjunction with Nicolas Spencer, patented it from Lord Culpeper in 1670. Tn the division of his estate the father of Washington assigned this tract to his elder brother Lawrence, who came here and erected the mansion in 1743, naming it in honor of Admiral Vernon, under whom be had served as captain in ‘a colonial regiment, in the West Indies, in 1740. Law- Tence died in 1759, leaving a wife, the daughter of Sir William Fairfax, of Belvoir, and one child—a daughter; and on the demise of this daughter without issue, a8 soon happened, the estate fell to George, who had been much an inmate of his family. Tn 1759 General Washington married Mrs. Martha Cus- tis (név Danbridge), then residing on her estate at the White House wijh her two children, and after remaining at that place some three months took up their residence at Mount Vernon. She brought him in her own nght more than a hundred thousand dollars. They were of the same age—twenty-seven years—at their marriage. In his will Washington divided the estate into three parts, The mansion, with four thousand acres, was left to his nephew, Bushrod Washington, an Associate Jus- tice of the United States Supreme Court. At the death of Mrs. Washington, in 1801, Judge Washington became the proprietor of Mount Vernon, and con- tinued there till his death, in 1829. Two of the old servants still on the estate came there with him, belonging to his wife Anne, daughter of Colonel ‘Thomas Blackburn. s Two of ‘General Washington’s servants still survive, also, residing some three miles from Mount Vernon. Judge Washington having no chil- dren, left the estate to his nephew, John A. Washing- ton, from whom the Ladies’ Mount Vernon Association purchased the two hundred acres upon which are the mangon and the tomb, for $200,000. Two thousand villed by Washington to two other members shington family, and the residue, upwards of two thousand acres, including the fine Woodlawn gstate, ‘was given to Major Lawrenco Lewis, a favorite nephew, whose wife was the beautiful and cultivated Nelly Custis, grandchild of Mrs, Washington, and the adopted daughter of General Washington. * wr Lewis erected a splendid mansion at Woodlawn in 1806, at a cost of $24,000. Major Lewis, whose mother, Betty Washington, was the sister of the great chief, died at Arlin, in 1841, and bis wife died in 1852. The remains of both, with those of a daughter, the wife of Chas, M. Conyad, Filimore’s War 5 , being de- posited in the Mount Vernon vault. Soonafter the ih of Major Lewis, the Woodlawn estate was sold by hix only son, Lorenzo, toacolon Jersey, who still retain much of it, The Woodlawn i het fromNew. ivided into farms. mansion, with a splendid farm of five hundred acres surrounding it, belongs toJohn Mason, Ksq., who came there from New Hampshire in 1850, sign is of brick, with siate roof and lofty pillars, fromting the river ; on a commanding site, looking down w ‘the whole Mount Vernon estate. Lorenzo Lewis died some years ago in Clark county, and the other daughter, the wife of a Mr. Butler, is living in bn a! ef Joba A, Washington went to Fauquier county with his ly in 1860, and purchased a farm known ag Ware- is wife died suddenly soon after, and it is well nown that he feil, ax colonel of a rebel regiment, early in 1861, leaving a family of seven child: peynanaen two being little boys, and the only jldren ever ! born at the Mount Vernon mangion. There are some one thousand acreg of the Mount Vernon estate, belonging to these orphaf® children, lying in close proximity fo the Mount Verfon mansion. The Mount Vernon estate. was probably néver under a finer state of cultivation than it is at the pres- ent time, The farmers have been shipping manure in large ities trom this city this season, and piling it at their iandines on the river for future use. At the present time there aré two thousand government mules grazing upon different farms in that secti ‘These | mules are separated into squads of five hundred, and, with fiiteen nounted men to control them, are put inte a heavy grass tleld, kept closely together, and compelled to eat clean as they go, A squad thus eats some more than two acres of the heaviest grass in a day, for which they pay five cents a head, or twenty-five dollars a day for the squad. The ground bebind then looks as though ho grass had grown there this season, . The rounds itamediately around the mansion and re ol car and taste. The approach to 4d to the mansion from the river ts highly uresque and delightful. The appearance of both the domb and the mansion bas been familfar to all Americans hildbood of most of ny times in the fast thirty years, and never saw better than now, be interesting to many who are now visiting for the first time to kiiow that the remains of sited in the old vault ars, and in a mabogany It was damp, and the three times renewed before being placed in the re they now repose, In I83l the new 4 and the remains transferred, A Phila. able Worker proposed to furnish a marble sar-. delphia was (o be put inte so damp ayaull, An ante-chamber Was therefore erected in front of the vault, some dozen feet high, with on arched gageway and a gate formed of iron gods. Ln ghis ante-chamber, on the right, is the sar- cophagns containing the reuaineof Washington, and on the lefi another precisely like it containing the remains of Mrs, Washington; and it may be added, that her chief. The sarcophagus is excavated from @ solid block of pure white marble, and was placed there in 1837. Within the vault proper ara the bodies of many members | of the family.. On either sid vault, stands a marble obelis Jeading members of the Wash upon Washington’ sareop and consists ¢ , divided into thirteen stripes, resting on the national flag, and ; prds to a apear, embellished with tassels. background to t eagle, with open wings, perel of the shield and clutching the arrows and olive branch. bearing is the name, deeply sculp- lon." On the plain lid of the other e words, in large letters, “Martha tured, of “Washin, sarcophagus are An addition erected at one end of the mansion after Washington's time has been torn away, and the structure is now in the exact form as when left by the Father of hie Country. It is well known that the mansion, as originally erected and left eee Washington, was much enlarged by General Washington, a section ‘being c We have seen this eacred | remains have been moved us often as those of the great Washington. | 3 years ago with Anne Blackburn, the wife of Busnrod Washington, rs The * Ladies’ Mount Vernon Association,”’ it is well known, mate their purchase in 1858, and bad made the last payment of two thousand dollars upon the eve of ‘The association had expended also twenty rs in improvements, in addition to pay ing the two hundred thousand dollars purchase money. Much still needs tobe done, andthe Jarge amount of ds at this time accumulating from the throngs of visitors, who pay an entrance fee each of twenty-five do much for putting the national shrine and g it in proper condition, scourge of the rebellion stayed its desolating tide confines of these sacred acres. The tomb of Washington was held sacréd on both sides, Pohiek chureh, where nington worshipped till the close of the Revolution, has not escaped so well.’ The last discourse in {t was a tempesthons disunion harangue by an itinerant Methodist preacher, on a Sabbath, near the opening of the war. The ancient edifice is now @ shell—not a window, door, nor the smallest fragment of the pews, pulpit or floor are to be seem. It was used early in the war by soldiers for shelter, and later was turned into a stable. The ancient tombstones of the abandoned graveyard are lying and leaning around, and desolation is painted in all its saddest forms upon the scene, The old Pohick churely was erected near this, some one bundred and fifty years ago. This was erected in 1772, and Washington was the chief contributor in ite erection. To this church Washington for years regularly repaired—some seven miles—allowing tio con keep him from the Sabbath service. The pew Washington and the great Georve Mason had been gar ried away ae relics before the war. The brick alone now remain, ‘ THE BRITISH PROVINCES, Qur Toronto Correspondence. : Toronto, July 21, 1868, Government and Judge Courrol, of the St. Albans Raid— : Miniserial Rumors, dc, Political rumors are rather important, It seems that the St. Albans raid is likely to cause as much sensation to our Cabinet as it caused the American people. Mr. Commissioner Torrance, who was appointed by the gov- ernment to investigate the charges brought agginst Judge Coursol on his discharging from custody the raiders, has at last sent in his report, exonerating the Judge from everything but an error in judgment. The Judge's friends in the ministry insist upon his reinstatervent in office, while others of the ministry, and among, them Messe, McDougal and Cartier, insist on his dismissa) Mr. McDougal was one of the ministry that suspended Judge Coursol from his functions, and his reinstatement would necessarily condemn the act of the miuistry whe suspended him. This rumor gives rise to another, which I believe 1# well founded, Judge Coursol, in the event of his dis- missal, is to contest the next Montreal election with Mr. nd with every probability of success, id that Mr. Cartiery who is the Attorney Genera! for Lower Canada, will not risk an appeal to the elector® of Montreal; but will retire from politics at the close of the next session, receiving as the reward of his labors the Chief Justiceship of Lower Canada. There is another subject which is causing some trouble in the Canadian ministry, and that is the appointment of a Collector of Customs for the port of Montreal. It is one of the best berths in the customs, and a great many warm support- ers of the government are quarreling for the position. So much for the minstry. Rumor also sp the opposition, and says that two of {ts most prominent mombers—Messrs. Holton and Dorion—are about to retire into private life. Mr. Holton’s strong annexation tendencies, it is said, are the cause of his retirement, while Mr, Dorion retires because he is unwilling to serve in the ranks where he led as a chief, and the oppositien having discarded him and installed La Flamine in hie lace, Mr. Dorion bas resolved upon embarrassing nie riends by resigning his seat. The military schools throughout the province are to be clored in September. The number of passed caudidates is so large that it is now a subject of Mquiry as to where the men are to come from whom theso young aspirants to military honor are to officer. An old peninsular hero, General Afaxivcn, &; 7.8, has fought his last battle, ‘and leaves behind fim a re: cord, not only of brave deeds in far-off Spain, but of charity and generosity in’ the land of his adoption. He was a life member of our Upper House, but it is many years eince he exercised his privilege of sitting among the “peers” of Canada. Acricket match between Detroit and Toronto termi nated here to-day in the Torontonigns gainivg a victory over their opponents, with one hundred and ten runa tp spare. Burglaries have now aveceeded incendiary firee ar the staple excitement in our city. Four burglaries in a week would not shame Chicago or your own metropolis, and Toronto ean boast of that number during the last week. THE CROPS, Monthly Report of the Agricultural De- partment... Der surest op AGRICULTURE, 1 Wasutratox, July, 1265. 5 ‘The wheat is now being, harvested, and, although the returns of the correspondents are not later than the Let of June, except from Indiana, yet it ts probable that good crop will be the result, Its quality will nat be equ erbaps, to that of.last year, but still fair. In many lo ‘er rust and the chinch bog may seriously injure the ity and amount of their crops; but it is believed that the general crop will be sufficient to yield a large amount for exportation. ‘Taking the estimates of the last wheat crop, as made by this department, to be correct, and comparing the receipt at leading commercial points for the past. twelve montb= with those of the preceding year for the same months, it is obvioug there must be a good deal Bf last year's crop on hand. If so, the means of supplying any European de mand will be ample, and it is to be boped that an in. | creased export of wheat and other produce will keap pace with the increased imports, chiefly of dry goods, The nation can il spare its xpecie now. What the forsign demand will ‘be for wheat and flour cannot yet be seen with any certainty, but the latert ac. count «f the foreign harvests are more favorable for an in- ereaced demand than they hive been her:tofore, The corn crop was planted late, but the rine have generally been favorable, and the present aud towt weather is bringing it forward most satix(actorily ‘The anxlety for a large corn crop is greater than in ordi nary times, for the country feels the necessity of » grent increase of farm stock, The oats crop is everything, at this time, thet could be desired, The wet weather hax been’ mort favorable to it, and the absence of cool, clear nights, heavy dews and hot days, has kept away the rust. Here there is no indication of such nights, and the probability is thi the next report we can rejoice together over an abWhdint oats ere The potato has escaped the injories from potato bugs much better than In some tocalities a new ehemy | has appeared, and specimens have been forwarded to the | departinent. It is a large beetle, called the ten-lined or ten-siriped spedrman, and appears to be much more merous this season than last, It destroys the leaves of the potato, tomate, and other vegetables, Its eggs are hatched about the middle of Jane, and the worm rapidly parses through the larva state, when it burrows {in the ground and reappests in the beetle | form. All these changes tke ‘place in about six weeks, When not abundant they can be picked off, but, where numerovs, tobacco water sprinkled over the plants is recommended, also whale of! soapends. Added to there, some turpentine might be fovnd neeful. But the recent weather!” ‘een so favorable that the ip jored plants have rapid’ ered, so that the present proxpect of a good pot * promising. All other tropa, both pring sown and planted, are not lees favorable the) mentioned, and I unite with a correspondent in riying that, should the re mainder of the season be equally as favorable ar the month of June, the year 1865 may be truly called a year of lenty. * The atmndance of partures has increased the amount of cheese and butter, The importance of these, especialiv in view of the increasing foreign demand, fully justifies the consideration given to them in the reports of thie department. ¢ season has been one of the best ever known for the stab of the grasses in every part of all the States whieh report to the department. The hay crop is the largest yet raised. The hay harvest is later in the Western than in the Eastern States, and henen the amount and quality of the hay crop cannot yet be stated But with the promise of a most excellent corn and oat crop, and an abundant hay crop, our farmers wil! be in condition to make ev effort to increase ther farm stock, and T again urge them to do fo, well satisfied that in such direction of their industry they will meet mos suceess, added to each end, making it, as it now stands, ninety- six feet in Jongh north and south, with a portico, front- ing tho river, #xtending from end to end. This portico fee ge Ae has been replaced by an exact copy of the old. The mansion is two stories high, of wood, fin- ished in imitation of freestone, ani inted white. Fourteen small windows, with the old fashioned diminu tive panes of glass, look out upon beautifully sloping lawns, and down upon the river an elevation of two bundred feet above the river level, are six rooms on the floor, with a spacious hall ronming through the centre, from east to west. The north room is the large dining hall, in which is the exquisite marble mantelpiece , wrought in Italy, shipped on an English vessel dart the mch Revolution, captured by the French, an pare forwarded by the French government when yette made known that it was a present from an American wine merchant, resident in Marseilles, to Wash - In this room are also the double-banked hi arp Hike mod jano—a weddl " d daughigr, Nelly Custis; the tripod present which served Washington in, ail his surveys, and the arte set of matched mahogany dining tables. “ime dining opens at either end into an east and west lor, im one of which is an old, dilapidated, large globe, and in the other an old ‘sofa. The key of the Bas. tle—a present from Lafayette—still bangs in the — case in the hall, by its side the sil- ouete taken from liie by a indy im Philadelphia. The library room, in the south end, is occupied by Fac ‘Tracy, the accomplished and faithful’agent of the Mount Vernon ion. A bust of Washington, cast in plaster by Houdon, and another of Lafayetto, facing enctt ee. A" On the walls, are the only observable relica. Doo! built into the ith glass doors, fully occupy one of the lagge room. Over this apartment, in a small bedroom, the great and good man died. A bedstead, said to be an exact copy of that on which he died, w the only article in the chamber. The family plc- The fruits are not so uniformly good. The canker. worm has been very injurious to the apple trees (n many places. Severe frosts near the middie of May, and wet weather, were very unfavorable to peaches im the Western States. But the Rastern and middle States are more for- bong and there the fruits of all kinds con. lon. The blessings of peace have fallen upon the country, and again we area united people, not in peace merely, but, T trust, in good will, too, Heretofore it has not been in the power of this d- partment to hold that pleas. ant and profitable intercourse with the ulturiste of the South that it has with those of the other sections of the Union; but, looking forward to the time when wo should be one people, it has upheld the cotton of the South as invincible to all the opposition of the cotton rown elsewhere in the world, and shielded the tobacco jeaf against a proposed taxation that would have de stroyed its export trade, The rapid pacification of the uth will soon admit @ mail communication that will ebahte me to appoint regular jents in the differ. ent counties, and to add to the States whose erops are now regularly reported, every Southern State, and to distribute into each one its due proportion of seeds and reporta. * At it# last session in anticipation of thie peace, increased the tion for Me purchase of seeds from thirty dhousand dollars to sixty thousand dollars, well Knowing that the South would teed mbeh, altnost all Kinds of seeds, To distribute these as fast an inail facilities find their way to the counties of the South, 1 ask those interested to open o correspondence with me, that they wien the seods, and suggest the names of persona who will be prompt and efficient régular cor- reapondenta, T have just received samples of sorghurn seed from China, & portion of the lote they represent bas ar. rived. There samples are mostly of new varieties, quite different, apparently, from any yet brought to this coun- in good tures were n or quite all at Arlington, and were taken to Richmond by General I.e6. The colebrated itcher portrait, upot ‘back of which was inscribed ihe beautiful ontogy, and feft inthe mansion by an un- Known hand, was carried away by John A. Washington, ibe tow of orick quarters silt and row qual stand as th polpd lag roy gt heh 9) y fre, In row Washington Dlackamith and carpentering ishments, and hero now live the two old colored servants of whom mention has been made asthe servants that camo hore sixtys| try. One has a loose and long panicle, with light colored seed; another has very short panicles, with large, round reddish colored seed, but the head and Teas, ang heavy with seed; and a third has brown colored reed, the panicles and head resembling the | Cr thatthe head is oo 80 Jomg. These saniples indi- tate a pure seed and bya! hy | plants, These seeds will be distributed carly next winter, Samples of dark and light colored ace rice have aleo been received from China, which wil py boa ew in due ISAAC NEWTON, Comotissioner,