The New York Herald Newspaper, March 25, 1865, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. OVFICE M, W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS, TERMS cash in advance. Money sont by mail will be ‘at the risk of the sefder, None but bank bills current in New York taken. THE DAILY HERALD, Fovn cents percopy. Annua subscription price $14. THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at Five cents per copy. Annual subscription pricoc— Postage five cents per copy for throe months, Any larger number addressed to names of subscribers $1 50 cach. Anoxtra copy will be went to every club often, Twenty copies, to one address, one year, $25, and any larger number at same price. An oxtra copy will be sent to clubs of twenty, These rates make the Weary Human the cheapest publication in the country. ‘The Evmorkay Evrrion, every Wednesday, at Six cents per copy, $@ per annam to any part of Great Britain, or @6 toany part of the Continent, both to include postage. Sar Sn Volume x: AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Howery.—Gasuic Cuinra— Tausn Bangrane. Ph imaceiinia THEATRE, Broadway.—Ticaxt or Laave aN. — THBATRE, Broadway.—Tas Stauets or Naw ORK. BOWERY THEATRE, Lowery.—Mone amp rue Masx— ‘Les Deox Fuernire—Jxassy (int. NIBLO'B GARDEN Broadway.—East Lrawe. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.—Dor; on, Tas Caioxet on tus Hragrn. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.—Corrorat Carteccna, BARNUM'S MUSEUM. Hroadway.—Two Mamaoeu Far OMENCLIVING SKELBTON—DWARF—CiANY WOY-—l'inReo— Open Day and Evening. BRYANTS' MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ way.—Ermiortan SErrA. WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, 514 Broadway.—Ermrorian Songs, Daxous, £0.—PxruoLeviamta, 08 OL ON THE BRAIN, Hall, 472 Bro: Songs, Dances, buacesquss, 40—Ma- HOOLEY’S MINSTRELS, 199 and 201 Bowery.—Sonas, Danoxs, Buacesques, &0.—Wuo Can Finn Us Now. NIBLO'S SALOON, Broadway. Max Srraxoscu's Conca Mie Wen. SALLE DIABOLIQU Intesions ano Cond © —Matinee at One o'Clock— De Katow ann Mr. 58 Broadway.—Roser? Hetien's Los—Graus. HIPPOTHEATRON, — Fourteenth stroet.—Eaqvrstrian, Grenastio AND Acrosatic Extenrainuayts—Tam Feast oF Lanreuns. AMERICAN THEATRE, No. 444 Broadway.—Baruare, Panrounmes, Buncusquas, ¢,—KiaKa. NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broadway.— Open from 10 A. M. tll ly P.M. New York, Saturday, March 25, 1865. THE SITUATION. Richmond papers of yesterday give aceounts of a fight Dotween @ portion of General Sherman’s army and the rebels under Hardee, on the 16th inst., at Averysboro, North Carolina, on Cape Fear river. Averysboro is about twenty miles north of Fayetteville and forty south of Raleigh. The Richmond Dispatch denominates the re- sult of the battle, of course, a ‘great Confederate vie tory,” and says that, “as mgards the enemy” K was “a most bloody affair,” the national losses being put down as three thousand threo hundred, while those of the rebels are said to have been only four hundred and Gfty. The Dispatch says no intelligence has been re- ceived of any fighting in North Carolina since.the en- gagement of last Sunday, the 19th, at Bentonsvite (no- ticed in yesterday's Henatp), between the rebdcls under Johnston anda portion of Sherman’s army, and that General Sherman has attempted no advance since then. General Grant, in allusion to the rebel reports of these two affaira, says:—‘‘From these facts we are tp formed that Sherman is pushing toward Raleigh in two columns—one moving due north from Fayetteville the other northwest from Newbern.” The Raleigh Pre gress of the 20th inst. gives three different versions of the engagement at Averysboro, one of them placing the Union Toss at between four and five thousand and the rebel at one thousand, another stating the Union casualtics to have been between three and four thousand and the rebel three hundred and’ fifty, and the third account states that at the close of the fight, which is eaid to have commenced on the evening of the 18th, and to have continued during al of the 16tb, ‘Hardee was forced to fall back te prevent being fenked, Bnd jest two pieces of artiltery, Both the battles alluded to, though the rebele attempt to magnify them into wonderful proportions, were evidently but trifing affairs, which can have no effecton the steady northward of Sherman's columna, The map which we gtve thie morning shows the locations of Bentonville aod Averysboro. There has boon considerable artillery fring tm tront of Potersburg during tho past few days, but without result of consequence. The rebels have been throwing shells at the working parties of the Army of the Potomac and St Gonoral Grant’s military railroad; but they do very little damage. Picket firing is again kept up constantly at night, the object on the rebel side deing to prevent the desertion of their men; but, though it may be partially effective, it is mot wholly so, as num- bers of them still reach tho Union lines. Though no Important movement is yet reported, the national armies on both sides of James river are ready for one ats mo- ment's notice. Lee's forces, too, are on the alort and watchful. Mr. William McKeever, of Middletown, Pennsylvania, who recently arrived in the North from Richmond, after sixteon months imprisonment, says that there is in that city & secret Union league embracing two thousand mem- ‘dors, of whom some are prominent men, and more than ome are rebel officials, A great number of Union flags, ho stator, aro hidden away, ready to be Drought out and gives to the breeze as soon as the na ional troops enter, which ther possessors believe will occur within the next few weeka Even many of the Citizens who have taken am active part in the rebelion appear anxious for thie event. They are very despond- ent, and their sufferings and privations have been s0 great that they are now ready to hail the downfall of Jol. Davis. ‘The Richmond Sentinebof the 284 inst. says e band of Rebel deserters are giving considerable trouble in Bedford county, Virginia, plundering the inhabitants of supplies of provisions. At one house they attacked they were Grivon off only after a sharp fight, The rebols have succeeded im making e start in the Dusiness of rocruiting thotr armige with negroes, The Gret instalment of these sable warriors in the cause of Gof. Davis, consisting of two companies, were on exhl- bition in Richmond on last Wednesday, when there was Bgonoral tarnout of all the inhabitants to see them go rough the manual of arms. Tho Sent mys the wore clad in heterogeneous garb, and freaonted » beara Appearance; but those who witnoused the it “gonorally oonoutred in the opinion that Sainbo | be taught to bandio a gun as woll as 4 aoe.” NEW. YORK HERALD, SATURDAY. MARUH_ 25,7865. THE LEGISLATURE. In the Sonate yesterday bills wore reported relative to the custody and disposition of the estat s of lunatics, and to amond the Brooklyn Water act. A bill relative to the widening of South Soventh street, Brooklya, B. D., was introd iced, Bills were pasved to imovrgorate tho Butchors’ Hido and Molting Association; to provide for the final closing of incorporated banks; authorising the formation of a Metropolitan Public Conveyance Company , to amond the charter of the Transit Life Ingurano) Com pany; giving to judges more diserction in the punial: ment of criminal offenses, and to incorporate the Transit Passonger and Baggage Company of New York and Brooklyn. The Dill authorizing tho Motropolitan Rait way Company of Now York to tunnel Broadway was lost by a vote of yeas 12, nays 14. A motlou made to recon- sider was tabled, A Dill was reported to confirm the ordinance, passed by the Common Council of New York city, permitting the Third Ayoau> Railroad Company to extend their track. Seaator Strong introducod a bill to mond the law establishing the Union Home and School for the education of the children of deceased Union sol- diers from Unis State. ‘The bills in rolation to the procuring of meney to pay the State bounty, aad containing the amendments > gested by tho capitalists of this elty who propose senbiag for the lean, were adopted and havo received the signature of the Governor, It is understood that twelve millions of dollars of the above State loan will be advanced to-day, and that ita distribution ta the counties will commence immediately. In the Assembly it was moved that the Committee on Public Health be instructed to report the Health bill of Dr, Sayre for the consideration of the House, which.mo- tion was adopted. A motion was made that the New York Tax Commissioners bill be made the special order for next Tuesday, which was lost. Mr. Rood introduced ® bill for the prevention of railroad accidents, Bills were passed to alor the map of the eity of Now York; to in- corporatg the Brooklyn and New York Turkish Bath Company; to prevent encfoachmonts upon the harbor of New York; to authorize the formation of a Pnoumatic Railroad and Express Company; to provide for the com- pletion of the Battery extension; to incorporate the Ger- man Workingmen’s Protective Union of New York; to incorporate tite Butchers’ Hide and Melting Association of New York; and in relation to sewerage and drainage in the city of New York. Bills to amend the Brooklyn Public Park act, and to incorporate the German-Ameri- can Colonization So-iety, were ordered to a third reading. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. The Montreal Gazette says that the object of the recent visit of Hon. Robert J. Walker to Canada was to ascertain. the views of the inhabitants in regard to annexation to the United States, and to cultivate,what feeling in favor of ithe might fmd; that he was empowered to assist an snnexation movement with United States money to the amount of one hundred millions of dollars; that his Propositions have been the subject of grave debate in the Colonial Cabinet, and that there are signs already that his efforts have not been without result. This paper, which uses very strong dénunciatory language re- garding the scheme and its promoters, charges the pri- vate secretary of Lord Monck, the Governor General, with being an outspoken and public ddvocate of the measure. Our special European correspondence by late steamers contalns matter of a very varied and most interesting character. The letters are dated in London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna and St. Petersburg, and convey the latest information regarding the aspect of the Union, Ameri- can and Mexican questions in the leading capitals, the growing difficulty in Germany with respect to the arrangement of the rule of the late Danish duchies, the approaching diasolution of the Chinese empire, the pro- gross of Russia in the East, and the feeling of the Eng- lish people towards the American astress, Miss Bat:man, after her appearance as Julian the Hunchback, at the Adelphi, London, In the Supreme Court, before Judge Mullen, yester- day, a verdict of fifteen hundred dollars damages "was rendered against Charles Killen, proprietor of a butcher's wagon, for running over and injuring a Soy nanied James Carrell, while the letter was crossing Fourth avenue, near Eighth street, The Singer divorce ease waa up yeaterday before Judge Leonard, on a motion to set aside the decree of divorce obtained by Ms. Stnger. The connsel for Mra. Singer se] sentenced Reger Lamb, who was convicted of the murder of bis wife, to be emesuted.on the 6th of May. James Foster, convicted of burglariously entering house of Mr. John Owen, af Harlem, was sent to ‘State Prison for ten yearn The Grand Jory were Mr. N. Hill Fowler from the position of Corporation At» tomey, and appointed to snesced him Mr. George Shes, who yesterday appeared before the Mayor and teok the cath of office, The reason for Mr. Fowler's removal was bf refusal to testify in regasd to the law department be- fore the Senate commuettes now engaged tm investigating the affaire of oor ety government. Colonel Baker has been in Washington for a few days. We retarned yestesday, and the war on the bounty brokers aad jempess will now be prosecuted with re- newed energy. A large meeting was heh! at the Bieecker buildings, in Brecker mrect leat eventng, of the mbabitents of the Ninth and Fifteenth wards, for the purpose of raising money to asaiet in fifting the quota to relieve the men Grafted im the Sixth Oongresstonal district, Ft was stated by e1-Provest Mershal Vary, that Lieutensst Colonel Brownson hed ordered the draft without any authority frota the government, and was dismissed the service for so doing twas farther stated by Mr. Conkling, Inte Oongressman of the district, that he had good authority for stating that the late draft would be set aside, in com sequence of the action of Lieutenant Colonel Brownson. The mild, genial atmosphere of the last fow weeks seemed to indicate that, In recompense for the vory se- vere wintry weather, we were to have an eifly spring. On yesterday morning, however, the retreating winter seemed to rally his forcea At different timos during the day there were strong indications of a heavy snow storm. ‘The sky became dark and gloomy, and the snow flakes deecended thickly before a driving wind; but each fall only continued for two or three minufes, and then the clouds would be whisked away, and the sunlight come reaming through the blue rifta There were also occa- sional falls of a few drops of rain, but not sufficient to moisten the streets, It was decidedly a day of changes in weather, and closed cloudy, windy and cool. ‘The violent wind storm of Thureday swept over a con- siderable extent of country. It visited thie city and vicinity, but did no very great damage here, In Bulti- more it was very violent. Roofs of buildings were torn off and whisked away, houses, chimneys, Magpoles, signs, awning posts and fences were blown down in different parts of the city, and some of the vessels in the harbor dragged their anchors for a considerable distance, Two persons are known to bave been killed by falling objects, and a number of others were injured. The damage done to the track of the Erie Railroad by the recent ffoahe' ‘Seen ropatred, and trains are now running rogularly between New York, Dunkirk and Buf- falo. Between, soon and two o'clock this afternoon ts tho time fixed for tke execution of William © Kennedy, con- victed of beings rebel spy sod of being one of the In- eendaries who, on the night of the Sth of November last, attempted to burn down this city. Unless a respite should be received from the President, he will be hanged during that time, at Fort Lafayette, None but the off clals whose duty it is to be present, the representatives ‘of the press and the condemned man’s spiritual and legal advisers will be allowed to witness the solemn affair, Mr. Joseph J. Lewis, Commissioner of Internal Re- venue, was in town yosterday, and wae called on by Many of our leading merchant. The steamship City of Washington, Captain Brooks, of the Toman line, will eall at noon to-day for Queenstown and Liverpool, The mails close at the Post Office at balf- past ten A, M. The stock market reacted yesterday afternoon from it previous depres Gold wold down to 147Sy in tho morning, but rote to 18514 in the afternoon, and closed down town at 154%. Governments were heavy in the morning, but srmpathiced tater to the day with the rise in gold. att gold closed at 158%, The tiu.vic 4 gold yesterday made things crash again. All the market dali aad prices down. veweral | beavy faiture reported or two in the pro: wod many More AO expected and will ap LoiOW 100 ving bon wor! Jone (rade | Wudoubiurly follow If gold & Cotton wae, ee fower. Petroleum was dull and scarcely ao firm. ‘urocerios «wore of In short, cverything vas lower for currency. On ‘Change the fleur markot was dull, heavy and 25 «8 50° por bbl, lower. Wheat was dull and scarcely 60 firm. Oats wore a trifle firmer, whilo corn contémues dil! and drooping. The pork market was duli, unsettted ant \ ory irregular. Beef ruled hoavy, while tard was dull and lower Tullow was steady. Whiskey was @ull and fully bo. lower The Peace Question. President Lincoln bas gone down to the front. It is given out that his object is @ Iiltle rest from the persecutions of oflice seekers and spoilsmen; but still itis surmised that his real business is a consultation with General Grani on the peace question. We are also inclined to the opinion that before his return from the James river the President will have enlarged the discretionary powers of General Grant in referonce to the terms which may be granted to General Lee in the capitulation of his army and in behalf of peace. Meantime we are called upon briefly to consider the arguments advanced by the Tribune in tavor of an Execu- tive proclamation to the people of the rebel- lious States, clearly defining the terms and the advantages which will be granted them with their submission to the Union, We have contended that ail the inducements in this direction that President Linooln could offor in a new proclamation have already been offered in his past proclamations, and in his overtures to the rebel commissioners at the late Hampton Roads peace conference. We believe, moreover, that the masses of the peo- ple and of the armies of the rebellious States are not only ready but anxious to end the war on the simple basis of submission. The only difficulty is with their leaders, political and military; but with the chief of these (Jef. Davis) out of the way, all the rest would, doubt- less, soon recognize the now strongly prevail- ing ourrent of Southern public opinion, and let it take its course. As we understand the Tribune, it wants a pro- clamation in behalf of theae leaders of the rebellion, giving them some greater induce- ments for submission than those of having “their necks stretched and their effects divided among strangers.” In behalf of Jeff. Davis and his ruling associate conspirators we have on several occasions heretofore urged upon the President the advantages of an offer to them, embracing their transportation and subsistence to the Mexican frontier, if they will only con- sent, in behalf of peace, to cross the boundary and stay on the other side. Looking to the Monroe doctrine, we think this peace offering would be an excellent thing, especially as some of the leading rebel diplomats and politicians have indicated a desire for peace upon the basis of a coalition against Maximilian. We have, therefore, no objection to an Executive proclamation embodying our Mexican propo- sition, because we think the rebel leaders would accept it. Do what we may in the way of an amnesty, there will be no peace for them among the masses of the Southern people with their return to the Union. This offer ofa free passage to Mexico would be something new and attractive to the rebel leaders. In presenting them a door of escape, with a prospect ofa brilliant eareer before them in a new, broad and besutifal country, the President at this crisia in their fortanes would not speak in vain. Bat if the Trine looks to broader concessions, ft looks for what the Pro- ident, even in the exercise of his military dis- cretion, can. hardly undertake to offer. Mr, Lincoln sticks to his emancipation edicts, and be cannot set aside the treason penalties and confiscation acte of Congresa, Their revoce- tion by Congress is first demanded, in view of @ manifesto to the Southern people exempting them from the pains and penaltios of these laws, Instead of » proclamation to the Southern people, therefore, we would snggest the call of & special session of Congress for the purpose of an authoritative and specific declaration to the people of the rebellious States of the the cireumstances? Has not the time arrived for its adoptipn? Oun Anams, Hist axp Weer—The Army of the West, under General Sherman, has obtained much éclat by ita brilliant services in that region of country; its splendid march through Georgia, its eapture of Savannah, Columbia and Charleston, as well as its more recent con- quering marches, which have brought the stub- born Stateot South Carolina to her knees. They deserve all the credit which they have got; but people may suppose that Sherman’s army is composed exclusively of Western men, which is not so, any more than Grant’s army on the James is filled by men from the Eastern and Atlantic Statea. There are many Eastern regi- ments in the Army of the West, and many Western regiments in the Army of the Potomac and the James. The fact is, that both armies are homogeneous; and the valor of no particular section is represented in either more conspicu- ously than another. The world never pro- duced more gallant hosts than our armies of the West and the East. In both armies Masea- chusetts and Ohio, New York and Tennessee, Indiana and Maine, Miincis and New Hamp- shire have their representatives, standing shoulder to shoulder tm generous rivalry and winning equal honor. The Army of the West has of late been favored with more opportuni- ties for the display of gallantry, while the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James has been ‘keeping faithful watch end ‘¢ward over the rebel capital. Put the moment (hat Lee makes a move, which he must do very soon, or anrrender to the forces of Grant, wo shall seo what the armies of the Potomsc and James, now ready and eager for action, will accomplish. Every laurel which the army of Sherman has wos will be duplicated by the voterans under Grant when the moment comes to strike the final blow that is to end the rebellion. Tam Fatz. ov Gorv.—In spite of all the efforts of the speculators, gold continues to drag down- ward, and the premium now ranges in the forties, which gives the currency dollar « value of sixty-eight to seventy conta, Tho fall may be @ little too rapld for the preservation of the mercantile community, but the great fhass of the peoplo secretly rejoice over the prospect of & apoedy approximation of greenbacks to coin in value, and a return to low prices. The pre- mium is now within about twenty per cent of tho lowest point touched in 1663, and is one hundred and forty per cent below the hight figare ia 1866 ' . Ve ad Napoleon’s Caesar—National Develpp-| they inevitably mruts and the History of France. Napolecn IL has written the life of Cesar, not because the life of the great Roman was not sufficiently known, nor because the Emperor haseny new facts or dates, but simply because, like King Jobn, he “had @ thing to ssy,” and Coaar was 8 conveniont /person apropes to whose name “the thing” could be consistently said. He does not so much write the life of Cweaar as bo uses that life for his the illustration and exploitation of his own ideas. He consequently shapes Cesar’s history to suit his occasion, as men sometimes torture nature for the sake of a simile. He steps lightly over the ugly places, however important, and dwells on a trifle where he sees that he can make a point. He interprets facts not so much im accordance with broad laws of evidonce, as in accordance with his immediate and narrow purpose te supports favorite idea, and to make it appear that a certain system in which he has ® personal interest is founded in fundemental nataral law. Theories, whether they relate to history, philosophy, phyrios or art, are almply the mental portraits. of those who theorize. Men who set about to interpret history give us merely the measurement and character of their own intellects in their interpretations; and however they may distort the facts that they reason upen, every little distortion shows some lineament of their minds. When the Spartans made a statue of the Goddess of Love, they showed that they were a nation of fighters, for they sculptured the image of that tenderest of passions in the attitude of comBat. It was an image not of love but of Spartan thoughts. In this came way the Emperor of the French, while ostensibly he draws Cesar, depicts in reality another man. He puts forth not a contribution to Roman history, but a continuation of the Napoleonic ideas, the propaganda of his family, & politicalpamphlet, a dynastic platform. History or biography written thus is from the commencement false, so far as it pretends to be objective history. Any religious creed or ae 34 it has been familiarly said, can be P true by the Bible; but if the Bible is to be rewritten from the standpoint of any one creed, it is easy enough to see that, though it may be a very good book, it will cease to be the,Bible. Just in this way ingenuity can find superficial evidences cf the truth of any theory in the life of any great man; but if the lives of great men are to be rewritten from such theoretical standpoints, we must not expect that they will be true. We must not, there- fore, expect to find the real Cesar in this “Life;” but, finding the word Czsar used less ag the name of a man than as “a symbal of power,” we may expect to find what is a great deal more noteworthy just now than any new life of Cesar would probably be. That is the opinion of one of the most remarkable men now alive upon national development and progress—upon the growth and tendencies of certain political systems—uapon government and the people—upon war and peace. We must expect to find the full lineaments of the mind that now governs France, and ite views upon very grand topics, and. we do. Especially we find put forth here, more or less directly, two ideas, which are the essential ones of the whole edi- and in the consideration of which Cesar out of sigh. One relates to the true deve- lopment of national life; the other to the point that France has now reached in national deve- lopment, and thence to the real position that the author and his family occupy in French history. Napoleon IIT. gives us in these points the keynotes of his life. They are unqnestiona- bly his own points of depavture in all this argu- mett, His conclusions upon both these points are false. He errs by shortsightedness in his views of national development, and he errs by the infatuation of family pride and personal vanity in his view of the history of Franca. His view of national development fs that the republic is a form of national disintegration end deeay, and that a government is the one that consolidates nations and strength- ene and trains them for the grand achievements of history, He reaches this conclusion by an examination of ancient and modern govern- ments; bat tm that exeminatfon he does not Jook for the truth, He looks only for what favors his idea; and he decides against the republtc upon an assumption that certain facts are the inevitable ontgrowth of its Mfe, which indeed are only its accidents Monarchical government, if we look at # without any pur pose to further a theory, is seen to be the most rudimentary development of national life, In the very natave of national progress that must necessarily be the first step. At first men are associated in groupe or tribes, apparently with- out government at all, and there is a level in their miseries. Then some individual arises who is either physically or intellectually eupe- rior to the rest. He may be chosen, like the Hebrew monarch, because he is a head taller than other claimants; or he may not be chosen at all; he may find his place in virtue simply of his powers. If there is a wild beast to be slain he is the natural leader, because he is the strongest man, and he is the king for, that occa- sion of public necessity. He will, in virtue of that or other power, thenceforth be the The- seus, the Hercules, the Romulus or the Manco Copac of his race, and will be looked up to as @ god by feebler men. His will is then the first law that gives shape to society. But by the time that this bag happened to any given com- manity two or three times there will have been some growth. Other men make the discovery of their own powers—tho supremacy of one is not admitted; there are bitter and bloody dis- putes; the numbers prevail, and the pure nata- ral monarchy becomes an aristocracy. Again, some question divides the aristocracy into par- ties, and ope of these, for the sake of victory, appeals to the people, and they are thus called inte the council. When that has been done several times the people learn their power and uso it, and the government thus becomes more or less popular. This is substantially the poll- tioal history of all the ancient communities. Bat at this point there wae always dn arrest of development, generally due to war and to the fact that some dominant man, commonly a sol- dior, botrayed « trust and seized the supreme power—just as the present Emporor did by the coup d'état, Now this ond, in tho argument against s repub- lio, is contemplated as o necessary result and as the natural limit of dovelopment; but tn truth it is only ono of the accldents of devolopment, though it is an accidént that proved fatal to all ancient republica and haa to many modern ones. Men must bo trusted, and may be false fo the trast. Indeed, in the ancient communi ties Wioy always woro falyo, Wub must, ve be sof Cortainly have ample evidence to the in our own history. Not oven to go so far as the name of Wastingten—who Telingnished with honor the position that any Roman soldier would have made sabworvient to personal ansbition—not to go eo far as that we have abundant refatation of the theory in this war. At the commencement, it may be remembered, certain European writers specu- lated as to which one of our coming soldiers would rise upon the rains of his country and convert the great republic into a grand military empire. But we have gone through the most terrific struggle ever scem, and we are safo yet. Wo have also produced im this war men of the very highest order of military genius; but not one of thom has attempted to turn his hand against the government, or seck his own ad- vantage, except in the legitimate way. Aro Grant and Sherman honester than Cmsar and Pompey weret Perhaps not. The result is otherwise brought about. It is a different ago; there is a complete and absolute difference in conditions of national life; and that is a int that the Bmperor entirely leaves out of sight, or even fails to see. Perhaps military disorder and the inevitable imperator did mark the natural limit of development in the days of Rome—but is it se now? The press, the steam engine, the railroad, the telegraph, all have been invented since then, and they have" made possible « further development. Thoy have enlarged life also; and while they render it less likely that men in the position of Grant | and Sherman will betray a great trust, they render it absolutely impossible for such & betrayal to be effective against a whole people. The Emperor’s idea of the position that the Bonaparte family occupies in the life of Franco is made sufficiently clear. Napoleon the Great was Cesar—the dominant intellect that con- trolled all, the founder of the Empire—and the. present Napoleon is the Augustus of the par- allel. But is this truo? Roman history in its great facts is distinct enough, and it is certain that the empire followed the republic. The parallel, then, is not true; for France has not yet had the republic. She has “declared” the republic often enough, and has tried to estab- lish it, but in vain. Europe in arms opposed her, and she was betrayed by those whom sho ventured to trust. Her attempts have all failed, and there are hardly days in her history to match the centuries of Rome that followed the abolition of royalty and preceded the empire. So far, then, from the Emperor’s position being identical with that of one who came in the period of splendor after the republic, he is merely one of those who struggle for a time, and vainly, to prevent that development of the life of France. Royal Roads to Reform in Railroads and Domestic E¢fonomy. Last December the Queen of England, alarmed at the frequency of railroad accidents in-her kingdom, addressed a circular letter to the managers of Txylish railways. The original of this letter is said to have been written by the Qneen’s own hand, although etiquette would not nee her to sign it with her own name, We have previously commented upon this epistle, aud vhall now publish it in full. The ground witich the Queen takes is very strong and very simple. She says that sbe has securing the monopoly of the means of travel- ling of almost the entire population of the country,” and have therefore “assumed a heavy responsibility.” But they seem to care more about running their stocks than running their trains, and not a day passes without its rail- road accident. How long this state of things is to continue depends upon the temper of the people. But while the Queen of England has compas- sion upon those of her subjects who are obliged to travel, at the risk of life and limb, and who prudently make their wills and bid an eternal farewell to wives, children and friends before entering @ railway train, the young Prince of Wales steps forward as the champion of house- keepers. The Prince has not been married very lang; has just set up an establishment for himself, and is beginning to discover some of the ways in which he is coolly cheated. Like most young housekeepers, he is excessively indignant at these discoveries; but, unlike most of them, he speaks out in a blunt, manly way. He seems determined to have everybody un- dorstand that he is not going to be swindled because he is rich, and that subjects have not a natural right to rob their sovereigns, no matter though the reverse may be true. We cannot say that the Prince of Wales lecturing his ser- vants and tradespeople is a sublime spectacle; ceive, and to cease ike a pee Sate cman ae Wo can roadily imagine the confusion cro- ated, not only among the servants and trades men of the Prince of Wales, but among all the fiunkles in London, when this lofler first saw the light in tho columns of the Times. Nor aro there butlers, grocers apd ‘butchers In this oily who oan poruse itin the UinnaLe this morning | — EEEEEnEeneneens without come qaslms of conscience. It # @ notorioas practiooymong the servants of rich men to farm out thnir masters’ custom among tradespeople. Coachaapa aro paid a percentage to buy hay, outs and efcas at certain places; to have the horees shod attpertais emitbs’; to have the repairing done at cortyin shops. Of course the percentage paid to the servaets is always added to the bills, and eo Gp masters psy thelr servants twice. Tho cook and tho butler make these nico Mitle partnorsbips with the butcher, the baker, the grocer and the restef these who keep the family in provisions. There iy Ssearcely an article for whieh the rich do mes Pay more than ite regular price, through the connivance of domestics, $o well is this understood that im some steres, when you buy for another porsom, the dlerks ask you whas percentage they sha'l adi to the receipt for yourself. The Prince of Wales has resolved to break up this practice, and we hope that he will be backed: by overy housekeeper in the land. Who will start tho reform hese? The Bebbles of the Age—Tesrible B= | pose—A Call Upon the Legislature. We have repeatedly cautioned the publie against the stock bubbles that rise upon the. surface with every flood tide of an infixted cur rency. The gxperience of our country in this respect is noteolitary. Both England and France have had eras when money was superabundant, and nearly all those periods have been attended with a bubble-speculating mania that has been productive ef the most disastrens financial resulta, Among the strangest things connected with these speculating swindles in this country is the fact that they have been allowed to continue until this time without official exposure. The mask is st Inst torn from them. We are indebted te an official commission in the Part tan Stato of Massachusetts, and im the moral city of Boston, for a terrible exposé of the swindling character of many of those concerns, It seems that they have been fostered in that puritanical latitude until the iniquities offended even their own sanctimonious nostrils, Many of the Boston operators in these bogus stocks have, with characteristic effrontery, openly confessed their participation in these monstrous swindies. We recapitulate a few of these humble confessions. The treasurer of one gold. mining bubble acknowledges that the stock had been quoted at one hundred and six ands quarter, when no share bad been sold at over twenty-five cents, and none at the brokers* board ; that sales reported were mere quota tions—unreal—and no stoek reported sold was transferred or paid for. A broker testifies that they were what brokers term “scratched sales,” and that the treasurer obtdined one hundred and twenty thousand shares at twenty cents per share. Another gold mining company had been quoted at one dollar eighty-seven and a half cents a two dollars per share, when none was actually sold above fifty cents per share. Sales of a Canada lead mine were reported at the brokers’ board, when none had occurred. The treasurer of copper mining company testified that quota- tions of the stock were fictitious. The President” and other officers of a mining company testified that the quotations of the stock at twenty-five cents were fictitious, and that the cash market yalue was not more than ten eents. The Pres dent of a coal company deposed that stock for which ten dollars had been advanced could not be sold for more than ofe dollar. A well known broker, treasurer of a gold mining com- pany (quoted at $1 15), certified that the stock was not worth over seventy-five cents. The President of another gold mining company tes- tifled to fictitious quotations of the stock at fifty nine cents, when he was willing to scll any amonnt for less than ten centa. It was certified that of five other mining eompanies only one had ® eabstantial value on the Ist of May— sineo then they had all sank out of sight Several persons testified that certain mining stocks were nearly woribless, although quoted among the sales at the board—some not being worth more than six and a quarter cents per bare, Bat tt fs wnnecessary, had we the space te wpare, to multiply details in regard to these swindle, We have confined ourselves to the expoot va furnished by the Massachusetts com- missioners from confessions made by the bubble speculators themselves. It is rarely that mem. who have borne respectable positions in society are to be found ready to meke such abject acknowledgments of their misdemeanors, eves: under the strongest compulaion. But the war, if it have no other good effect, will have one/ here. The tax to support the national expend tares has fallen upon the bubble jobber as well as upon the legitimate stock operator. Hence have these Boston bubble Jeremy Diddlers been made first to wince under its operations, and then, rather than disgorge the amount of tax, make an open confession of their delinquency, and virtually pray for clemency ond mercy at the hands of a swindled community. We believe that Boston is not the only city in the United States, manifold as ‘are its transgressions under its hype entical cloak of meekness and humility— with all {ts boasted philanthrophy, an@ its stupendous intellect, its ineffable worldlt ness and humbug—where these disrepute le practices are occurring. Every day we notice some new gold and silver mining, of, coal, copper, lead, or other beautifully tinted bubble, rising from the atmosphere of Wall, Broad or William street, or the lower part of Broadway. Philadelphia puffé them up os if by @ labor-saving machine. These bubbler may now be said to number between three ond four thousand, of all sorts and sizes. It istrue, there are sound companies in existence ; bab the difficulty is to sift the good from the bad— the wheat from the chaff—so greatly do the worthless preponderate over the good an& sound. Two-thirds, at least, of these companies are bogus, There ts plenty of gold and silver, coal, oil, copper, iron and lead in the country for all practical and usefal purposes for cente- ries to come, Their development, however, does not rest with bogus companies—the existe ence of which does vastly more harm than goed, absorbing, as they do, capital which would otherwise find profitable employment ip legitimate enterprises and in sustaining the national credit. We have had enough of these swindles fer thisage, and in behalf of « suffering and vig timized community of moderate capitaliste— larger ones are generally shrewd enough te take caro of themselves—we appeal to the Logi» lature now in session to pass a law maklag ite crim'nol offence, punishable with Ono and timp prisonwent in tho Peuiveptiory, for aay party