The New York Herald Newspaper, February 19, 1865, Page 2

2 er FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. . S.tumnsy, Feb. 18—6 P.M. ‘Phe spedulatire feeling was tame and the market Leavy ‘Bt the drst session of the stock boart, aud, ax compared With the closing prices at yestercay's second buard, Ere gan Southern 34, Northwestern 3, Rock Island \, For Wayne 1, Cumberland 1. Cleveland aud Viitsourg was Blouly. Government securities were frm. Five-twentis of the old igsve sold ot 1113, sud of tue mew ot 1106; ten forties were steady ut 1025, At tho open board ab ono o'clock Prie advanced 4, Reading 1, Michigan Southeen }, Lliaois Coutral sy, Cleveland and Pittsburg %, Kock Istand %, Fort Wayue sg. Later on the street prices were lower, In the gold room the fluctuations were light, although the market was somewhat perturbed by contradictory yomors. The amendioents of Mr. Stevens to the Internal Revenue bill, which camo up for discussion in the House of Reprosentatives to-day, fa led to affect the market, as Bo one interested had any faith in the possibility of such absurd crudities becoming law. These provided that ail gold brokers and bull.on dealers should pay @ license tax of one thousand dollars, and ten per cent upon the value of all gold bought or sold by them, and return of such purchases and sales to be made to the district assessor within twenty-four hours from (he tme of their taking place; in default of which such brokers or dealeis would be considered guilty of 4 miscemeanor and fied ive hundred dollars for each offence, The House rejected this proposed interference with the natural laws of trade, supply avd demand by a large majority. The fluctuations of the premium were Limited to 134, and the warket was without an.mation, The quotatious 2085 “Od There was a spec e shipment of $59,926 by the steamer City of Loudon, which, added to $40,956 taken by the Morro Castle for Havana, wakes a total for (ne week of Only $100,882. There isa movement in progress in the gold room to Prevent its members frum transacting bus noss at the Kveoing Exchance, but we doubt its exerting any very material iniiuence in checking the nightly orgies, if wo may so term them, of ie speoulators who bow the kneo to the demou of ,old. Nevertheless the demoraliving in- fluences of a lite of specuiation would be lessened, and it would be areal guin to those concerned if, by common consent, the even ug stock and gold exchange wus abol ished. It origiuated in a fever of excit ment, and has no precedent in the hiswry of aay other city or time, The rejection by the House of Representatives to-day, by a vote of sixty-two aysinst eeventy-five, of thepro- posed tax on salis, which was yesterday agreed to in the Commiuttoe of the Whole, is an instance of that ignorance aud perversity which have distinguished tho majority tu Con,ress from the beginning of the war in their floancial legisla .o1 They have beea throughout timid of the right and r vss of the wrong, and they claim for their shining Ights such men ag Mr, Morrill and Mr. Thaddeus Svevens, whose incongruous mistakes and crudo experiments have ent.tied them to a place among shallow theorists of the last cen- tury. The {ax on sales was @ measure which, if adopted, would have contributed largely to the increese Of the interanl,rovenue, without pressing unduly upon any eection of the community, and although arguments bo advanced against it, founded upon the experience of ita operation in other countries, the amount of the tax and the manuer of collection made it 80 onerous there that the gicavala of Spain and Naples can hardly be compared with the proposed measure just defeated to tax sales one-hell per centonly, and that tax pay: ble month- ly. All taxation is mde oF Joss burlonsome upon. tho community, and are gore obnosious than the income tax, and yot the mon Who voted for the latter shrink from 8 tax on sales, notwithstandin: its having been recommended by the New York Chamber of Commerce, the PhiladsIphis Board of Trade and the almost cnani- mous voice of the commercial commumity, Hoavy taxa tion we must have, however, and in a more oncrous form than a tax of one-half por cent on sales, The supply of toanabio funds has beca increasing in Proportion to the demand during the week, novwithstand- ing tho absorption of capital by the soven-thirty ivan, and there is to:porarily a plethors of money in the snar- Ket. ‘The common rate for caii loans is six por cent, but exceptioual transactions on goveraments have been made at five. Commercial paper of the best grude is in Limited supply and rates at 734 a 10 per cent, ‘thore ig ne change of note in the general stagnation which prevails in the foreign exchenge markst, Quota- tions have a downward tendency, there being neither » speculative uor real demond to sustain them. Bankers? sterling, at sixty duys, has been sold as low ag 107% a 10844; and at three days 108% @ 1064. Mverchanta! bills have been offered at 107 » 34. The Board of Brokers will adjourn from Tuesday to the ‘The subscriptions to the seveu-thirty loan coutinacd acti The uwounts ordered by Jay Cooke's agents in this city to-day were:—i'irst National Bank $400,000, making for the weck $4,500,000; Fisk & Hatch $600,000, tanking for the wea $4,000,000; Livermore, Clews & Co, $250,000. Ths business at ts Sub-Treasury to-day was aa fol lows :— Receipis for custom Total receipts Poyments. Balan . . . 6. 6 Bubser ptions to government } 1,119,400 The bids for $15/,000 Btock of 1589 and 1800 we trotier's oles. The fot ofers:— Bide «. Renjamiv Hl. Field. y Court Bouse at the Comp. Prem. 100.05 19 0% 101.50 109.00 101.00 102.00 100.10 100 50 11.00 NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1865. —_ of the Dowwatonlc Railrvad during the yeare 1:03 and ? 1804 :— 1863, 1964. Reecipts from ali sources, , - $32y,529 428,517 Operuting espemes, ... 144.008 10,93 ..§lea 037 sh... LOT O37 Not invome....... Less taxes, reais und 14 Not profit... Pau ip divider A cane was tried at Lhe last term of the Supreme Court | of Mfiasourl, Jeld af St Lents, tm which tbe plaiptitr | ought to recover one promissory note made payable, by express stipulation, in gold, and for the dischsrge of which the defer dant tendered greenback The Jvdges decided agains: the plaintiff, stat.ng that as th» case was in the hands of the law, and must be tusted by the law, jae must apply the acts of Congross to it, which recog- nized no difference tu the value of a gold dollar and leg: ‘onder Treasury mote of the same denomination. I, sas further held that money, as the common standard vy which values are ascertained, hig no marketable valu>, Dut possesses such standard value as the law has assigned to it; and that, in legal contemplation, gold coin and Treasury uotes belog made equal asa legal tender in payment of debts by act of Congress, no injury re sults if payment be wade or offvred im-one medium ratber the othor. ‘The receipts of gold from California thie year compare with the amount arrived during the same time in 1864 as follows;— 1865. $1,148,850 388,510 511,088 650,413 264,323 1,851,112 968,192 The Marietta and Cincivoatt Railroad earned from Janvary 1 to Febrvary 7 $115,998, which ts $33,690 in excess of the receipia for the same time in 1864, The commaratee earnings of the Pittsburg; Fort Wayne and Chicago RaJroad daiing the month of January wero as follows: Stock Exchange. ./ AwivRDay, Te 18—-10:30 A. if $5000 US 6's,"cl,reg 111% 400 shyNYConRR. 630 69000 US 6's,'Si/cuu 214% 300 da. 11234 5000 US6',5-20,reg 110% | 300 62000 U8 6's,5 20.con 1213 600 44000 Go. mew ies 11914 100 do. w0vc0 do. n is 1105 100 Erie RR. 2.000 do. iss 110% 700 dus 7456 ; do. 2000'U85's,10-49,cou 10 5009 go ned 1000 USS : 10000 Tr 0,7 3°10, AKO 116 5000 Missourl 83... , 63% 2) 61 4°00 ‘100 200 Mariposa Mg Co,, 400 do, 100 ud Riv 200 Reading KR 100 do a 100 65 100 Til Con RR.,.810 1186 100 de.... © 119 20 Creve & Pitts RR 623g 160 Del & Hud Canal 170 400 Chic NW RR. BAI 7 100 d0.....620. BAH 200 Chic & N'W pref. 6434 600 do, ara 9 do... ry md oe 202 a 40 Chic & R 600 ae iva 0... 100 Quit rg 100 do... 2060 81 &Varmold 63 $50 Pitts, Frwa 100 Cenira! Coul(o.. 46% 100 do. 160 Pesn Coal Co, 185 100 Chic & All 400 N ¥ Centred 3 Wa: 100 do. - Oe mo Msi 10H &StJ 2 ai) 1124, £00 Mild&raduC RR 47 100 11234 The Prussian Extradition Case. Botoro United States Commiss oner White. Yam, 16.—In the Matter of the Application of the Prua- rian Guurramert for the Eatrcalition of Ferdinand Voigt man, alias Acle.--The testimony for the def nce was opened to-day. The purport of it was to show that the accused is “Wredorick Voigtman," and not Ferdinand. Scgormund Wallonbury, wv the prisoner as Fre- derick Voigtman in Prossia; he was a paymaster in the Prussian army; he had no other occupation; do not know if he was married; he had a brother; I kuow him; I do rot know the brother's name. Q Where was be employed? Mr. Lapaugh objected Overruled, and exception taken. Witneas continued—The prisoner's brother was an employe of the Berlin and Hamburg Railway Company; I saw him often, byt got eo much as the accused; I am rertain that the prisoner is not, fhe man thatwas, am- ployed in the railrca? company; there ty a rceeniblance Detwoon them, but they could castly be distinguished; the brother is wittle smaller than the accused, and wore his hair aceording to the military fashion; the brother wore a moustache, and this’ ran wore side whiskers; this one always wore spoctacles; tho other did not, Crovs-exomined by Mr. Lapaugh—Am twenty-five yeors of ago; served one yoar in the Trustian army! a5 @ saw the priscnor in January, 1864; have been travelling for a Louse in Prussia; saw the prisonor from 1860 to 1+S4; I bave nover beca Im the office of the Ber. lin and Hamburg Rastway Company; the prisoner intro- duced bis brother to me as'an einpldyo of the railway company; never heord the first name of tue brother; don't know by what maine tho privoner addressed his br @ Did you, during the years of your acquaint. ance wile the prisoner's brother, hear bis first namo? A. do rot red Tpot my reyalar discharge from the Pressian al T aid not brag it with mo; 1 am agent here for several houses; 1 do bust- nee ‘for Netser & Co, No. & Collage placo; 1 buy from Alexaider Marcus, im the Bowery} T resided at 06 Brat Browlway up to Friday last; have reel nin Ludiow utrest jail; met the prisover there; my res'doncy there te not voluntary; 1 do not know for what £ nave boot arrested; 1 am tol a bounty jumper; Lvens arrested with another man; a carpet bog ‘was deposited with the other man, and we were bo-h er. rested for [ Uy disposing of tt; never heard of auy forge.es ou the Berlin ond Hambarg Kailway Com- but heard that the prisoner and hie brother had fod. Q—-Did you bear that the acrused wb- woquence of a ertine? (Objected) Tho has no other name than Frederick; I never 101. 102.55 102.00 Gourge C, Wilmerding. a The foliowing sales of stocks und bonds were mado yesterday by Adrian H. Muller,*P. R. Wilkins & Co, :—~ $535 Union Mutuai Ing Co. scrip—§% of 1359, asnsnteas ne $230 of 1880... 9435 New York Mutual Ina. Co. scrip of 1 4M Orient Mutual Ine. Co. scrip of 1859... aL 7 000 United Staies 6's, 1881, nt. Jan. and Ju aa aay $3,000 Cov. & Pirteburg 4th m. 68 por cent tonds, dus 1894, int, Jan. aid Jaty, $1,000 ea: 100 Cl y. & Tolede div, bond, due Lat Apet!, 18 TI 46 Hanover Bank, § 110 Corn Exebange baa 25 Tranesinen's Fire Ine. 10 Bank of Usiea, N.Y, 147 Ince nog Merchants’ Bunk, $12 60 cach 87 Merchants’ Bunk, $60 each.. 1 78 Fulton Bank, $30 each... 96 Merine Bunk $50 each... 2 Liev. & Tuledo RR. Co., $60 cach The Bosion imports for the week ending Februnry 10 were $528,490 against $483,188 for the corresponding week in 1864 The exports, including specio, were $400,201, avninst $325,105 in 1864 The curh balance in the hands of the Assistant Treasurer im Boston at the Close of business Febrvary 11, waa $2,450,614 02, showing a decicase of $704,726 01, as compare! with the close of the previous week. ‘The Eest River Insarance Company has conwUdated with the Niacara Fire {neurancs Company, under the naine of tho latter which has now & cesh capital of one million of dolian. Count: rfole ton dolinr bile on the Wobdarn Bank of Mesvachuswtts are in cir-ulation, The vignette of the counterfeit isa trun of cers in upper centro; male pic ture in Jowor right and female iu loft centre, whieh dit. fers from the genuine. There tre also couuteriott tena on the Mechanics’ Rank of New Keven Tuey are o fac simile of the genuine bill, but are poorly engraved. ‘The following is @ comparative siatcment of the con- on of the Philadelphia banks on Monday of thie arance Co. $60 cach ‘Wook aud on ¢! vious Monday: warmirra aes Fry, 19. 69,611 699 1,6.9,987 14'206'67 30,531 000,007 Banks of Wisconsin om the ist of February, compared ‘With the returos made on the 1st of January :— Chis going by the uname Holle; aver saw him inary, 18, until t saw lim in jail) ho never d Pordioar’ Voi stman in Beatin; he never was doiph; never saw him in the army, but I know ho was 6 pe ymaster in the urmy; saw him with a bido uniform sud the sword of an’ odloer; bie rank war secon licutenant; the ! russian Government keep a list of all ths oflcors in the ariny; [have acen the prisoner's wife; [da rot know hername to be Azuos; 1 do not vow that | have been orrented for obiatning eight hun- dred dé llars fratdu. ntlys not plated te Mr. Moore, the keeper of bibe aceveod was in the employ of tho Ber- bury Raitwar Company? A. No; Mr. Mooro (ised Le tata paymaster, (The plio- produced was slows w the wispess by Q@ Whose of ia thaw A, That ‘ethe trother's; Te og Wis country by the steamer Hocia in Sepem- Ler hw Doctor F. HL Sbroeder depowed thet he knows pris- o; sew him in 1868 in Frankfort-op-Maine, ig the eb Laroberg; we were at tie same dinner table; we moJe an exéursion together; be was in the aniferwn of @ viastian paymeaster; fam a physican, residing in Jersey; i imot the mor from fourteen io sixteon Wines; he w ot y the namecf Voigtinan, and I remember thst the bwrue op lide card was Frederick Voigtman. Crose examined by Mr. Lapaugh—Never raw the priscner #taco 1563 until yerterlay, he sent me s few lines 5 #, if L was the aime doctor be knew in Prank- fori, me to him; I wae poor onve, and sold iny diploma in Havana itnexs was directed to bring the nde whic was written to him by aco Joins Strich Knew the prisoner from 1859 to 1581 In Bertin; hie nome is Frederick Voigtman; be waste pry- master, and was niways dremed in the uniform of a aecond Heutenant; I aia certain this ty Frederick Voigt man. oforther testimony the case was adjourned tll (hia morning at clever A. wen Prova ul General a eee Consul Dhiewspo were yn court watohing the procee:tt Po tht ene Svastevumst inisteoraing. Bricenee was given to evivdiiuh the identity of the acoused. Ono wit. exe doposed that iv knew the accused to be Ferdinaad Votgtian; wae acquainted with iis wife, apd knew that accused corresponded with her from this country before the arrived here from Prussia; be used to addrecs her as Agnet Volzinan, f, Gulepp, conte! for the accused was again catled to the stand ead quemioned with refcrence to a contract alle god to have beoa drawn up Ly him for dofeudait. Conpeel refused to answer ip rigat of bia privilege na advocate, This polut was argued w thout result, wid tho Court adjourned. The Rebel Contracts in England, TO THe ROITOR OF THE NEN, Bome few bere | @ statement appeared In your Papor that Mensa AIG: Udlile & Co, of Manciestor, bad mate % contract with tho rebel govermmont to fur- ish two hundred and fy thouwnd Enfield rites, and to Toooive ia payment the came numbor of bales of cotton, 1 have roceived @ letter frum A. Collie & Co. in whieh they state that there was not @ word of truth in she re. port, Bone time ago they did sum® busiuess with (he evel ramsey Due ute cyatincd ents ely to ond clothing. At ems ne; aro entirely ous of the Buninea, seiperoas 5 Ax an act of Justoe to Moor. Colle & Co, you will oblige by insertiny ‘he above ia your paper, oF et bate, ote, “MEXICO. CONDITION OF THE NEW EMPIRE. The War in the State of Oajaca, PORFIRIO DIAZ STANDING AT BAY. Internal Improvements fn the Country. f EXTENSION OF POPULAR ELUCATION. THR CLERGY-AND TEE CHOBCO PARTY. Foreign Relations of Maximi- Man’s Government. Slow It Stands in Reference to the United States, &o, &o &. Our Mexican Correspondence. Cary or Maxico, Jan. 27, 1965. The War tm Oajzoa and Sindloa—Reiat.ve Po ition sf the Imperialis's and Liberala—Piliry of Masimitian as to the Investment of Foreign Capital—Railroad, Telegraph, Gas and Steamship 1—Bv.owrag-ment of Bu- rop-an Fmmigration— A, Petroleum in Mezi- American Enterprise and Capitalabout to Dev lop the New Ost Dorad»—Intercating D-tzils as to the Cunfis- cation of the. Church Property—Arrival of the Pepe's ligious Tokeration—The French Minister atthe Imp rial Court—Pcsition of ihe United States Legation at heexic — Importance of the Reegnitim of the Empire by the Un'ted States—Furmal. application to te Made by the Mexican Government—Picrie Soulé and ex-Senator Gwin Spoken ef as Amassadors to Washingion— Maximilian and the Monroe Doctrine, ée., de. ‘Since my last no important changes have taken place im the military and political condition of Mexivo, The siege of Oajaca continues, and may be considered as the only real theatre of war, the mil.tary operations in other parts of the empire being confined to a guerilla wartare, of which the results on eithor side are not of particular moment. At Oajaca the liberal party, by tho latest ac- counts received ut the War Department, had something like six thousand mon, the largest army collected any- where in the country by the Juarists. These are under the immediate command of Porfirio Dias, a chieftain who thus far seems to have given the imperial forces thoir bands full. Within a few weeks General Bazaine, Commander-in-Chiof of the French army in Mexico, has takca'command in person, and is besidging the liberals, who are shut up within tho clty and defend themselves with desperation and bravery. This sioge may be ro- garded asthe turning point of the war, and there the ¥ronch are directing their most vigorous offorte. are daily marching from this vicinity to Oajaca, when | the news is r.coived with the greatest eagerness. Very fow have any doubts as to the result, beligving that the capture of the place is but a question of time. In other portions of Mozico the Jiborals ate maintaining & persistent but feeble resistance, having only a few hun- dred men in the @eld at any place, and many of these being rather bands of marauders and robvers than regu- larly organized forces, “Juarez, with vo considorable force, is in Sonora, and is determined to keep his standard up in that distant region while « dozon adberente will re- main faithful. DEVEAT OF THR FRRNCK FOROK:, The French, however, have lately met with a cignal do- feat, though on a small scale, at San Pedro, near, Culinean, in the State of Sinaloa, It seems a small Franoo-Mexican force had left Mazatlan with the inten- tion of landing at Altata and occupying Cullucan before the arrival of the hibveral General Patoni, who was mareh- ingupoh that pointiafter having defoated and captured La 'Voga, who was publicly shot for his desertion to tho French. The imperial forges consisted of forty marines from the Freuch steam frigate Le Lucifer, sixty-five tirailledrs Algérient, and, two hundred Mexicans, who wore hastily collected in the vicinity. Having landed at. Altata, the Captain of the war stoamer took command and marched towards Culiacan, and at San Pedro was mes by the Juarists, under General Rorales, when a battle ensued, in which the tmperial forces were completely, routed. Theee are the outlines of the news, as pi blished by the French papers in this elty, and all accounts agree in dorcribing a total defeat of the French and their Mexi- can allies, the later forces, it ts said, having fled at the first fre of the Juarists, who largely outnumbered tho iraperiatists: It is certain that Captain Tesart, four officers and thirty Zoueves and marines were killed, eight oNcers and thirty soldiers wounded, and all th» rest tuken privoncrs, The captives were takem to Cullacan, where they wero well treated by Rosales, Colonel Garnier, however, at the last accounts, was marching upou the town with a considerable French force, and it was thought would speedily recapture the place and turn the tide of affairs. Th's enzagement, though unimportant on regards the homber of tho comending parties, hag weight when it is considered that the government bas thus far been abla only to send small detachments the north- ward, owing to the Jarge extent of territory over which the war has been conducted. A sufiic’ont force Is now on the way to effectually put dowa resistance for the present in that quarter, A glance at the map of Mexico will show that the imperial govern- ment is firm)y established ta the most important sections of the country. Nearly all the populous cities and towns bave acknowledged the rule of Maximilian, and it cannot be long before the European forces will have porsession of the entire cocatry, Their progreas is slow, but sure, Many reverses have been experienced, and some of the best officers in the Fronch army have been killed; but there ean bo but little doubt as to the result, ‘TUM STACGGLA IN OAsAC, The main point is to reduco the foross tm Onjaca, which Just now occaples the attention of the government beyond all other localities The principal Btates are wader the imperial control, including Vera Oraz, Queretaro, Guanajuato, Mexico, parts of Michoacan, ‘he greater portion of Durango and of Sinaloa, the whole of Nucvo Leon and Yucatan, end the majority of Coahuila The chief citics, such on Ion, Mexico, Gusdalajara, Queretaro, Guanajuato, San Leis Potosi, Zacatecas, Merida, Morelia, Colima, Oat zaba, Monterey, Puebla, Durango, San Blas, Sakillo and Vora Crus, aro held in undizpoted possession by the Maxtmitian government The State of Guerrero te still occupied by the liberals, and that will be the scene of the next campaign. Bazaine has about tem thousand of his Dest troops at Onjace, and from that point he will march seross the low lands of Puebla to encounter Alvares, who still Oecuptos that stato, but with so small @ force that the approach of a large army of French will obligo him ‘th retreat to the northward. At this moment the ox. Progidont Jnarez, is little better than a fugitive im the far north, while his party bolds no important place in Mexico, excepting Onjocm Now apd then some guerilla chief- tain, a dod by the Church tofluence, startles hie immoe- diate vicinity with one of tho old fashioned Mexican pre- Wenciamientes; but thoy excite vory Hittle attention, the insignificant number of the party generally rendering such outbreaks of no Importance. Ia a word, the rule of Maxiaiillan must be considered as virtually ewtabliched. INTERNAL DIPROVEMENTR ‘With the assurance of & durable government numer. ous representatives of forcign capital have arrived, and are asking for privileges for various enterprises An Englteh company have taken in band tho rallroad from Vora Cruz to iexico, somo siaty miles of which are already constructed and ia operation, Another English company have nearly concinded ® contract for building @ railroad from Mexico to Mazatlan, on the Pacific const, thé reute to“Acapuleo having been, ap- parently at feast, abandoned, owing to the almost inga- peradle difficultis prosented by the precipitous descent to tho westward, The road from Vera Craz to this city i@ to bo comploied within four yoars, and for cbia po “pove a to be w cotton and tobacco raisi under | special protectionof the ivehnned? cathe {dea bbe for route, which wit! pass through Orizabaand Puebla That to Mazatlan has been commouced, working westward and northward from Mexico, and quaatities of material are now on the way from Europe to the Pacific eoast, where the work will be prosecuted with vigor. Thus the two oceans are, within a reasonuble tine, to be connected by rajiroad, passing throngh the most fertile and populous Sections of the empire, and tho English engineers are already contrasting these energetio movements with the slow progress made towards completing the Pacific Rail- rood of the United States. One has only to glance at the wap to see that the Mexican road might become the long sought * way of pall ”” dei advan tegeously ied relatively to C the Indies than the route through the United States. Tho dificulties in its ci joa will the prescribed are in the hands of the Sdvaniages t be derived, and ve Umited resources. No one knows better than Maximilian the vital neces sity BE dev" the Fessorons of theconay capi jngs—who understand the have at shoir command quest, almont a sealed book to the rest i all ‘he greek. i such as ine. cochingal, indi ‘and rice, as cabinet and ‘and inestimable mineral riches, has been tically shut out from the world’s ilu y of Buabwags of By thromina doen pi 8s through a rejuve: will be grad stored, and at no tack we, by 8 conti eos enact ee take of three iumiredgiears that balenen has~becn against Marion Foustinevitably be the. case with all | cI countries which {mport from every market in the world, }. ‘but yield Bothing, jp rtare ie we except the metals, which the English have been smuggling om the Pacific coast, by means of thelr navat ebips, for the last 3 ' PRWABILETES AS TO TH FUTORE OF MEXICO. The future of Morita vodor # stable government, almost Incafcilable. When ‘once fed, even in the most distint been devoted to warlike fold force into the pal table industry ; ahd, with, this. t in view, every el is now being made to en ourive immigration from pe, and eyen from the United States. Colonizatom are everywhere on foot on the ¢« t principle thas the country. uirgs ai Intusioh of new bidod talo the apathetic race whona en’ ergies have become nrarly exhausted.in their half cen- tury. of internecine strife. Thorgovernment particularly encourages those wha co: permunent tg; and during this year probabl¥ several thousand 8 from France and Belyium»willfiave located Yin‘ the finest pro- uctive sections of the émpire. A sre ts been made an’ European fation for the colonization of the healthiest and most fertile portion of / Yucatan. This y ed of the/increase of cotton growing abroad since of the ssocason te tome the fact that re the rebellion,.searcely. any cotton was raised the value Of last year’s. Crop was nearly two dollars. Numbers of Southern planters are already located there, and the , cotton lands are already being surveyed.” Such: an impetus has this suicidal war given to the industry of your neighbors. Within a few monthe extensive wreries of petro- Jeurm-—-the genuine article—have been made, not only in the valley of Mexico, but almost simultneonsly In dis- tant parts of the empire. It has been found in the most northern States, and also as far gouth as Tehuant: pec, In one sinze the sale of nativo petroloum is bold ax = monopoly, the government having granted to a company some tims since the exclasive right. Thus all disco- verics made, or to be made, can b» available only through these parties, who collect a sort of royalty upon the artic cle throughout Mexico. The most notable development of petroleum, and, im fact, whet first started the “fever” on this subject, is near the city of Mexico, at Guadalupe, under the very wails of the celebrated church of that name. But, although within the limits of thie holy ground, the off big come under the general mining laws of the country, which permit the discoverere of any valuable ea product to take ff gr weraneon and work: mines of all \de—any dataage to the property of indiv:duhis being by assessors. appointed for the purpos:. But ‘thet at Guadalupe have been known Tor moro than a centary, the-chureb having {n old time caliecied & few gallons per month by skitoming it from the surface of And selling It to. thove afflicted with rhenme- , A Diedsing.of. the thrown in, it wan cmeptioned Ffcivour an te q agent the popular fath «in this fic has ned, and ‘but for the’ petroleum excitement in the United States ‘the “holy ofl might never. more have been heard of, The celebrated articles on “OH Dorado’ appearing last fall in the Haiatp, ex- tended in its effects even to these distant regions, and the compangebove referred to having g-ven the requi- site guaranteca to the government for the faichret per- formance of their agreements, proceeded ‘possess the ‘springs, with ‘who ddjarent Jande, and recelved the valunble ronopoly ‘Already described. ’ Some idea of the value of thie priv! fe ey, bebad from the fart that pe- troleum as An {llim{nator has tiready come into general use, and the consumption is daiy increasing throuchout the émpire.. The ol has the truo amell and color of the ‘Pennsytvania article; but in its crade stato is quite clear, ‘and burns aa freely and'with as pure a light as the clari- fled oil ef the North. As yet i¢ has been taken only from the surface of the water, as was the case originally the Olt Creek, discovery; but arrangements have cen eifectéd by which the main source is to horeached vy bor-ng, asin the United States. The oil excitement is daily increasing in, Mexico, and thore is good reason to ‘Dilieve That the snpply will -be équel, iu proportion fo the’ labor perfo ‘to thatcal the more rated wells in the United States. STREET RAILROADS IN CTTIES. ‘A grant tas bo-n niady’ to an Atherican company for the Firing ot ‘street railroads throughout the city of Mexico. 0 privilog> js exclusive, and is for a term of thirty years; rates of fare unlimited, and paid, of course, incoid. Considering the d-naity of the elty, which con- tuins some two huadred and thirty thouvand inhabitants withina space nowber more than two miles across in any direction, the ample width aud perfect level of the Streets, which aro at all hours crowded with pedestrians, the inert habits of the poople, nevor dispored to walk when a chance offers ride, and the oxtremely liberal terma of the grant, which exempts the materials im- rted for th rond from duties and taxes of all kinds, seid & aliowing twenty-one months fer the cormpiction of the first three miles, without Oxing lino ts for the completion of the entire work—these advgntages are eon sidered, ag they well may be, as constituling one of the most valuable contracts over conceded. to individuals by any government, Projects are also on foot for lines of telegraphs, and for strect cars and lighting the city of Puebla with gas, Geudalajara, Loon, Guanjuato and Quaretero are each in some way to experience the benelit of fureiga enterp TH OP TOPULAR RDUCATION. Tho Emperor, understanding the necosrity of popular education, has caused a cotamon school system like that of Prussia and Austria (o be inaugurated, and the con tract for supplying school books baa been awarded to a prominent New York publishing (rm. The great highway to Mexico from Vera Cruz ts undergoing eom- plote repairs slong the mountain passes, thus giving em- ployment to as many as care to work, aud at the same time lessening the time now reqnired for bringing freight jnto the interior. An English company are making ap- ication for contract t build a breakwater at Vera z, which now scarcely merits the name of & harbor, being open to the full fury of the winter “northers,”! whi government ordered a correct survey of the port of Anton Lizardi, afew miler w the northward of Vera Crus, with the view of connecting it by a road with that now Icading to Mexico. it harbor offers t security from “northers,” has pone and {* much healthier thaa that of Crus fs not improbable that da time it may beeo an important place and, perhaps, euperrelo even Vera Cruz as seca fog tobe a nee ae im. portant projects 3 but it 1s enough to Hoy that wi the executive head shagereunnnens tg thus resolut voting himself to the welfare of the country, aad is infusing now Mfe, and new evergy and ambition into the people, he is certainly the right sort of a ruler for Mexico. . Let bim alone carry out his ideas, and in ten yeara these ple will bless tho day that Mazi. Mmilian'came among them If feligious toleration, ee ee jou of ver ture, and the opening of the country by ral roads. and highways for the development of the al re sovirces, petting them cbeaply and easily to the sea board, are not Hite-giving elements for Me: cult to pay in what a people's proeperity : STRAM COMMUNICATION WITH TRE PACITIC PORTH AND CAL> poRnta. ‘The contract of Messrs. Flint & of fan Francisco, for a line betwoon forme duned Up Bags Orval Merico, Tan jist been ve judge O'Sullivan, formerly fon. else teonapean aad whose ‘for business tact and ‘cous address ts extensively known ‘The grant and ee under which the existing line was end ae oem the late Juares efforts were loganane ty apenas {te annul ‘under fecent war Se Importance of been ably rep): ted, fuerkn of pled Mr, Chavitean, pleted contract with the government, giving bim the exclusive Tight to use a certain ur redeciag silver oros, and which it is believed wil) revolutionize that { branch of business. Kéis now at the celebraied del Monto mine, near this city, owned igh don Brothers, where the dopted with process ia bei a eT are o cor. tainly more for the {internet of United Stairs to bave fora beat door neigh! thelr ent indy ag fates anu! res, inveBtior a! stable spec.r le that) exioo ce em roy abit tine gt verumert of ee ene te ee he ey i e EERE “ i i i H THis 355 i EH Sobered 53 5 i te | | inereasing: gradually placed the fm possession le lands in the country, and.in some of the princi- pal Mexico included—they owned at least a third of the entire property, A power thus supported was ‘omptpotent.in all affairs, private and public; and the’ un- happy revolutions which, in the iast forty yeurs, have 20 qvickly succeeded ono another, may be invariably traced to the intrigues of this vast moneyed institution, whose Tam Ppa, oes padoraysed, every department of gov- érnment. ‘It was the: liberal party which first had the cournge to ‘dispite this mischievous asc ndaney, and the late Presi- dent Juarez, striking boldly at the root of the public evil, ~oont the. entire Church’ pro} thronzhout the republic, apd, having disposed of it at pvblic sale, he- ga to anply the proceeds to worthy public purposes. lonks friars, those relics of a barbarous aye, were summarily expelled the country, and the convents, which, im the course of centuries, had multiplied to such an extent a8 to oocnpy the most valuable portion: of the gjty, were torn down and bisected by streets which werg surveyed and. out through them in al! directions. ‘The foundation of the national evil having been thus re- moved, other reforms, scarcely less needed, wero con- summated, and at last Mexico seemed to have fallen into the right path towards true prosperity and delivery from the Incubus which had so long overshadowed her Prosperity, CHUPON PARTY. ‘THR CURRCY AND THE At this point the clergy and the church party, Sindiny all their efforts fruitless to stay the advanc'ng strides of reform, determined by a bold stroke to restore their ascendancy by inviting the intervention of some strong Catholic Eurcpean Power. ‘The remarkable events which, during the last four years, have quickly snocceded each Other, and have ended in the establishment of Maximilian on the imperial throne of Mexico, are patent to the world. The acceptance by the Grand Duke of Austria of this charge was hailed by the church party as the culmi- nation of all their desires, the general idea being that, 8 both he and the Empross wore d-vout Catholics, the fret step would bs towards a restoration of the confiscated property. J’ st before his departure for Mexico, Maxi- milian visited Romo, where all ecclesiastical questions were s: bmitted to the Pope, who was tu take them under consideration, and {n due time send Nuncto to Mexico with full instructions, The Duke, ng formally nod forever renounced all right for himeelf und descendants, as successor to the Austrian throne, departed for tho scone of his new enterprise. FE his saivel he hg lye oo nelther Vad ipl es other ropean diplomaist y comprehended the true state of aMniratn Moxico, and, having satisfied himeclf that the mischievous influence of the Ohurcb/had been.atthe poten eR ho polit threbbies! which bad so lon, jesolated the country, he promptly threw the Church an tts party aside, and commenced to work @::t for himself the problem of Mexican rezeneration. The country was already in pomsession of the French, rave in some far distant ars and he at once addressed himself to the he bad assumed with all hig, Meg bed and dtnteil of his character. In he was Beco by ths adlest leaders of the liberal party whom he called to fill the saveral offices of State, to the creat disgust of their political opponents, who claimed, and ‘with reason, to have been the moans of bis being in the 3 By ‘8 wise and con iliatory policy he has grad- ually, but surely, worm away the prejudices agaivst mo- narchical institutions, gathering arouna bim the best talont of the country, encourng ng by all meens in his wer nattve industry, patiently giving audience to and jnviting conferences with those whese information or cou seomed likely to be of service, and in every wi endeavoring to azcortain the true path to secore the ad- vancement and welfare of Mexico. POSITION OF THR KTRRCR. Noman evor entored upon an important task With a ‘more emoere dorire to achieve a great purpose than \ax- imilian 1n this Mexican enterprise, Like Cortes, be has Doarned bis ships. can be 10 retreat from the fold he has yoluptanly come to ce upy. Cut off forever by his own choice from the A strian succession, he must achieve for himself a brilliunt name in history, or lence s mortifying defeat: There is no medium } course, And inecontemplating the open and intelligent face of the Eraperor, his reaclate but courteous bearing, entirely devoid o° bi pompority, yet exacting ¢he forms and etiquette cue to bis rank and station, a —even an American, brought up in the centre of democratic civilization—is disposed to acquicece in tho fituess of Maximilian for the postion he has assimed. Of iliustrious descent (for his ancestors # contary rnd a half ago ruled Mexico), liberal te the extreme in a!) his reationsy biameless his social habits, commanding in porson, digulfled yet affable in manpers, and in earnest almost to adesree of enthuriasm in thy work be has undertaken, he ia, without donbt, the right man in the right place. All'things considered, no person among the royal families of Europe could have becn found combiuing tn himself so many qualiiications fur the Mexi- can throne, His recent prompt action relative to the great question of church property, and the important ives depending upon it, Mustrate the prompiness of the man in deciding the most vite! points. From tie time of his arrival he had patiently awaited the deesion of the Pope, and this during « period When very -oneidorition wea urging hina to bring matters to a speedy conclusion: for the interests al stake, extending throughout tue empre and hanglag entirely upon this all absorbing point, Were #0 vast that uniil the question of confiscation was dispored of the whole monetary syrtetn rested in uncertainty and confu gion. The Pope's Nuncio having arrived, after seven mouths of expectation, without the slighiest eign of decision, the fF atonce proviaimed his intent’ of togulizing confiscations and confirming sale of church property, araounting jn the to bundreds of millions of doliars. The decree, which is only delayed temy ly for the co! data, will have a bearing greeter [mporiance than ia o mere monetary point of y it the power of Church to repress the spirt o* progress in Mexico MN be finaliy crushed. Tt involves the great principie of religious toleration, which henceforth is ta be incorpo- rated into the genius of the empire, Aithough (ainoli- ¢ism is the recognized national relig on, every creed sad st may henceforward esiublish itself as freely apd ‘openly az in the United ftates or England. MAXIMIIAN'S ABeAULT ON THE CHURN. ‘The Church im this si has exerted its utmost strength, exlibiting a power #0 enormous in its extent, 80 persivtent in is efigrts, and so all-rew hing in ite talents, abilities, moral influence and concentrated wedith, that the Christian world cannot regard with indifference the man who, right or wrong, has over. thrown so gigantic and complicated a mase of machinery. But thie is only a preiiminary step. Every attribute of apecial power is to b» taken away, and the reformation carried to the extent of depriving the Church, ns an institution, of even the right to hold ty. The clergy are totally bereft of the power, as wo own the edifices in which they perform their rites, all church possessions being converted into public property. Boidness in dosign and prom piness in execution canna de denied to the promoter of this revolution, of whi h, to apprectate the importance in ail its boafings—social, Political and must visit the country and bas terminsted a gradual! ence wnparalicied in the history of the New World In accordance with the oustom of ‘Spanten crown in the sixteenth, century, considerable portions of the eon- @ ered territories {n Amerioa ino de < neh: dod entarere to whose courage thess acquisiti were f and the intrepid priewta who accompanied Cortes, poate De ra tt ey YP Bh peer ‘nt have oricinated im the geal of those who advanced to battle, in band, for the spread of Christianity. tus pelitoa ine be pt rity inthe aioe cy Pane, Baan, Aa tating J Tee hater bach of which bive seubliabed d oon France relations with tho court ef Maxim! here whom bavo ministers orion foros prema iat t U quis is not on the be of terme the government; rumor tt Lg hy? thie part, bo has ee pris Maia Gita ens ma a veutess M ‘was not in- thas bas yet falled to recog. Mr. Corwin, our wer ompire ia the United States. government, has owing to ill heaith and Tate Minister to Som ‘under the Juarez Jong Bitice gone coe 9 d.sinclination to a diplomatic station accred- ited to a government having no actual existence; but tis pot that his Was quietly arranged ¥ Mr. Seward, who fndoubiedly thinks that the gen us of the Arce can people is just nuw opposed to the oat wb. lishment of a me aarehy on the American continent, ond ‘Mr. foward thus withho! tShaatathct Seeeste rete ace till reprenentod at its old uarters. in the Calle Dow i i i ment, and s¢ regulariy rovety From the State Department. The rows of tse eae are furnished as of yore; the government library, sna, flags und seals are ui! ther>, avd occesioau!ly broucht ino regutsition Thus it appears that ovr Premier is ratheg astitde the fence on the recognition question, and is ready oer upon either side as curcumelan ex may dictate. If ition should be the word it wili be v re easy to point to the continuance et Sepen of “ tary of as ou evidence tat, after al ttle ofteind delay to save appearances, the government had siwase intended to shake bands with Maximilian. But if the policy Is to be a straiht out assertion of the Monroe doo. bie why, of course, the Mintster was formally re call! the | the secro‘ary ouly left as a matter of form and to look out for the musty nooks, peapamente forte harvest and old rays belon; to Wh theron way W'g-o0 hr. Seward wil alight om hie foot, all right. Meantime the Emperor ig apprrcuily preparing fee some move on the political chessboard which may leg to a direct policy on the part of the United States as we his government. In this question he is to tw ad ‘by the Emperor of France, and also by be father-in-law, the King of Belgium—undoubtedly the two wisest monarchs living. From present appearances there ts reason to believe that an attempt at obtulning @ recognition will be mada during the aitting of the present Congress. More than one application has boon made wile a few weeks at Sie, Eepacsinee, of Fores; tions for positions on t! ation to the United States, auid all sorta of rumors are on foot ut to who ie to be the Ambastador. Dr Gwin, formerly United States Senawe from California, bas been spoken of im connection with the migsion; but aside (rom the fuct that be woukl de cline the position if offered to him, the government is tae sincerely desirous to vstablish friendly reletions wie the United States. to risk @ failure of recognition by appointing @ person 80 obnosous to the North, Some .of the secessionists in Mexico are urging the selection of Pierre Soulé for the same port tion; and_no doubt that gentleman, with his usual aime rity for of, would accept the appotniment—the ulty in the way being that hisc/ian e3 of potting are no better than those of Gwin, Br. soul has receathy left for Havana, and will shortiy return with members of bis family who were sont away some time since troiu New Orleans. He js the repated author of some of the most virulent publications 19 tif Moxican press oainst the government, WILY, THIS GOVERYMINT REOOGNIZS MAXIMTTIAN. Beyond question, the desrest wish of Maximilian toe day is for a recognition of his empire by the United States, This is uot only known”as a tact by all palace attzchés, b.t the necewity of it is 60 evident that every dabbler in politics maxes ‘t a theme of conversation. As preseat his great need ts mone which to meet the public demands until, by the intelligent syste: tal iwprovements which he has set on foot, he con make the machinery of government run by itself. Oving we the doubt among European cap'talists on this questioa, the Mexican loan recoutly emitted 18 ata very Lowi pire almost valueless in tact. Let the United Stores once recogn.ze the new empire, and would have no. difficulty in raising ol the moucy be wants for immediate ‘purposes. It is the one thorn im the eids of the government just at pres"ut Asthe chances of a restoration of tho Union by sup. pr ssing the reb ion become brightor, the question pata Tally presenta itself ax to what is to be done wid the vast armies which will then be thrown out of employment? What if the adminigcration, yielding vo the pressure of an existing necessity, or the wryent appeals of the Monroe doctrine atvocates, #hou!d ri itself of a couple of hundred tteusand of ita suldiors by sending them off on # crusade to expel al! Evropeane from Mex:co and annex the whole concern to the United States? These queries ars answered by poioting to the continuance of tho American war and to the ft thatthe backbone of the rebellion (a cartilaginous subsance that seems to bend and twist, but to stil preserve Lis int grity) ciunds as little chance of being broken ae ever; that at least three Furopeau Powers—Franee, Austna and Bolgium—are pledged tos pport the Mexiex®, empire; a comb the Seer. Maximiliaa tion whic the United States w not seiliagly provoke; and, finally, that by the ti ° robell on is crushed, the good sense of the American peo ic wil prompt them to let fighting alone until drives into war for seif-defen a, or other reasonable conse They will have had enough of bloodshed by thet tang to thiuk carnostly before rushing into a needless strife ier the ma ntainance of an abstract ides, and in the straggie porbaps bring upon the nation the combined Powars of Europe, all of whom, excepting perhaps Russia, woud giadiy check the increasing power of the United Stave . deans Lenelnicabira en my WILMINGTON. Reconnoissance of the Rebel Line Defending. the Approaches to Wilminst , Our Forces Intrench the Post- tions Gained. “ Whe Movement to bo Resumed at an Barly Dato. Gallant Condnet of a Detachment of the Third New Hampshire, &e., &e., Mr. Thomas M. Cook's Despatéh. Forr Fiaure, N. C., Feb. 1 1868. THE MOVRMENT AGAINST WILNINOTOY. This morning inaugurate an advance in fore towards Wilmington, designed primarily as 2 goneral reconnole sance, to be converted into a roal advance if circum stances should prove favorable. The morning was clear and baavtiful, promising all that could be desrod. The plam of tho movement gave General Abbott's br gade the extreme rigut of the Jine, on the @oan beech, Le was supported by a brigade of Painy’s diviaton, commanded by Colonel Ames. General Ames’ divi sion moved up the rebel military rag, in the centres of the peninsula, holding his trowps en masse, Mongh they were subsequentiy brought jnto action om the righ} Goneral Paine’s colored troop: advanced ap on the left, keeping the eart bank of (a river, A do tachment of Admirn! Porter's gunboats cevered the right of the line, aud kept the woods thorovglily shellad ta front of us, The movement commenced at eight #'clock preciesty, The rebel picket line was found clos in front of our own, and their mea, being in fide pits, made & spirited resistance for a short time. But om the formation of # strong skignish Iine they were soon dislodged and driven in npon their mein works, Our lines thon advanced cawlously through the tangled underbrush of dwarf piney and live o28 preseed up close to the main line of febel works, Tus WBE, WORM ‘These workr wore found to be vey perfcet nnd forme extending from Masonbore Brand across to Se cer Loaf, with am advanced Hine on teir right, Jotning the main work near the centre of the peninsula, forming @ fortified encampoyot Oa gaining .bts information, and finding the rebels preseot ty strong force at all points, it was deeinnt bed to make no aseault at prevent. Antrenching tovls wer ther fore, ordered up, and is aninerednle rhert thine had thrown up line of works neurly as strong a9 there of the rebels; sufficiently sirosg, at ieast, to insure ws the permanent oc npation the advance we gained, which was about two niles. ‘The ‘movement was ordewd by Generat as, * de. Wf was 80 phyzic: ailment, which bas aia Jira up for several days, bo hacanhr neg to wit us sie < yee prosent with bis troops, 1 captured baggy furn' meane of locomotion hae roads eould bo found, and on foot elgewnere. ccoeris Paine and Anes ba ME with their re Bpective divisions, and . Lod engage the enemy in hv fortiied positions, with lhe sneirdor and gallantry bey @isplayed at the storming pe 4 PRTACHMENT OF THE THIPD SEW SAYreNR, ipenevel ‘Avbott ietinguiehed himecit with a fragment a boy shire, Abbott's brigade, commended by Capt. A © Pagers, Bumbertre tity men, charged pon c de work of the rebels, took possessiva of it, shot the rebel coromander, and secured bis command—f'.y-foar Capt. Kagorly’s loss was but @ve men—one kille@ men. and four wounded. Our total losses curing the day have been Iecs then and ndout fity wounded. Heat, Ly evant seat Pounaytranic, wetaber ot het si OB ; 1 Herbert, of the Thirtieth colored, and Lieutenas shen, of the sme, weve ‘among the wounded, the fen ‘severely. During the action th — rebela moved a small gunbom ton position just above thor work: onan nerave! ves by pi ® few heavy Socks ond arnt Nivnever, tll Cir ahort ne ved ibe river simu Comma: fone, mov ndern ue advan’ 0 Ot our troops, anf on the ether bank of ihe ogition within & of practice throughout the day.. Ong or two doutie pov entered the liste, but at such by Amd thetr ammunition was nearly ell e = ded to the Montauk wih her itworth b tre quently hitting the littic Mordtor, His believed, without inflicting any injury. We have cautured to-day io all about seventy five Hie Sa Clas Yo Sh? SALUD GAB RUT -