The New York Herald Newspaper, January 26, 1863, Page 4

a ae NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. @vFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU 87S. ‘TERMS cash in advance. Money sent by mail will be ‘at the risk of the sender. None but Bank bills current ia New York taken, THE DAILY HERALD, Taree cents per copy. THY WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at Five couts Auuual subscription price: per copy. Ten Copies .. Avy larger number, addressed to names of subscribers, @2 50 each. An extra copy will be sont to every club of ten. Twenty copies, to one address, one year, $35, and any larger number at same price. An extra copy will be Bent “to clubs of twenty, These rates make the WEEKLY Hignati the cheapest publication in the country. ‘Ihe Evrorzan Epition, every Wednesday, at Frve cents per copy; $@ per annum to any part of Great Britain, @r 86 to any part of the Continent, both to include Postage. ‘The Cassporsia Eprmion, on the 1st, Mth and 2tat of each month, at Sx cents per copy, or @3 per annum. Apvennimanas, to @ limited number, will be inserted | @ the Waxxiy Hutazp, and in the European and Cali- H fornia Editions, . | Volume XXVIII, AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO'S GARDBN, Broadway.—Luan, Tox Forsacex WALLAOK'S THEATRE, Broadway.—Lavy or Lyons WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.—Caiaxey Co RxER- Naxasarran, LAURA: KEENE’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Pxr or Tum Perrioats—Mr. any Mus. Wuite, NEW BOWERY ‘THEATRE, Bowery, —Couinen Baws= Twusty-seventi StaweF GOsT—ONE GLASS NOKW, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Senious Fast axp tue BeaNstaLe—Co-LuaN Baws. aa anaes, BARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Bruad Lavivia Waneyx—Commopom Nuva, &c., at all Cultus It—Atvernoar ventng. Mis bours BRYANTS' MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hail, bys eee eta Sones, Boxiesques, Davo: ADDY. WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, 514 Broad Er Sexcs, Dances, £¢.cDowe tlre en ra BUCKLEY'S MINSTRELS. Stuyvesant Institute. Broaiway —Erutoriax Soxas, Daxcts, cba ‘Sonwiee 2% BROADWAY MENAGEE. Aniats, BraupeD Sant, &i No. 444 Broadway.—Bau- ry roadway. —Bat. PARISIAN CABINET OF WONDERS, - Open daily trom 10 A. M, tilt 10 P.M. PP Breede HOOLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, Brooklya.—# Secca tuning Senne cae urookea—Remroeras, | BROOKLYN ATHENAUM.—Dr. Macaowas's Lecture Ox Jaran. : | AMERICAN MUSIC HALL, Luts, Pantowimes, Bor Lesques, ‘New York, Mm nday, Shdwery 26, 1863 | ADVERTISEMENTS FOR THE COUNTRY. The Wesary Heap, with its increasing circvlation, is @capital medium for advertisements designed to reach » Broadway.—Living Witp } ; seriptions, will require licenses as dealers NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 26, 1863. There are three steamships from Europe due at | lines of our land and naval forces “now, hence- American ports this morning, Should the ene | forward and forever free.” In a word, all that named last in order be heard from first, the news will be five days later. The veasela sailed as fol- lows, viz:— St amship. From, see» Boman -Queenstowa Norwegian... Londonderry. ated q The exciting reports from Mexico which we published yesterday and repeat in a more de- tailed form to-day, with the accompaniment of an excellent map, have not been confirmed by subse- quent arrivals from Havana. On the contrary» our correspondent at the latter place states that the rumor which prevailed in that city, that the French had been surprised and cut to pieces at Puebla, had no positive foundation to rest upon. The news must therefore be taken, at least for the present, with some grains of allowance. The letters of our correspondents at Jalapa and Ori- zaba give some interesting details of the move~ ments of the hostile forces. General Doblado had been defeated by Mejia with severe loss. The Mexican guerillas are reported to be growing very numerous, bold and audacious, and perpetually worry the French on favorable occasions. They are said to be using the lasso with fatal effect. Smallpox in a very malignant form was ravaging Vera Cruz, and lazarettos were being established for the accommodation of those affected with this loathsome disease. ‘The news from the Isthmus of Panama and the United States of Colombia, which reached us yes- terday by the steamer Ariel, and which we pub- lsh this morning, is of a far more satisfactory and encouraging character than anything received for niany months past. The civil war in New Grana- da seems to be at an endfor the presont. General Canal has submitted to the arms of Mosquera, and a treaty of peace between the liberals and con- servatives had been drawn up and signed, The only results of this war have been bloodshed, dis- tress and misery, and the country is now worse off perhaps, than at any previous stage of its existence. The troops of Mosquera had all left for Cartha- gena. No step had yet been taken to rebuild As- pinwall, which is said to present a most desolate appearance. An engineer has reported his ability to get off the royal mail steamer Avon from the rocks at a cost of £25,000. Business was rather better aud would improve rapidly now that peace is declared in the republic, unless there should be another revolution. American gold had declined from its standard value of 4% prentium to 2%, and it was even difficult to sell it at that. The Internal Revenue Commissioner at Washing- ton has recently given the following decisions:— There can be no doubt but that newspaper pub- lishers are liable to license as dealers—whether wholesale or retail is a question for the assessor to deter.nine, News agents, or persons acting as agents for several newspapers, selling and distri- buting the same, also making collections for sub- Persons whose business it is to solicit subscr'j- tions for newspapers, &c., will require no license | unless they make sales. ‘The House of Representatives of Indiana refus- ed to receive Gov. Morton’s annual message when 't was delivered, and sent it back, with all the ac- companying documents. The House subsequently reconsidered its action, and asked for the redeli- very of the message; but the Governor says he the notice of country dealers and merchants, NOTICE TO PAPER MAXUFACTURERS. Twenty thousand reams of good paper wanted. Size $24. - Apply at the Hxratn office. * THE SITUATION. The only news from the Army. of the Potomac to-day is, that the enemy have been discovered by & portion of the cavalry of General Sigel’s division to be in large force opposite Rappahannock Station, it was supposed with a view to watch the movements of our troops, should they attempt to cross the river. A despatch from Nashville dated yesterday, States that the rebel gucrillas under Forrest, Wheeler and Stearns, with a force of six thousand cavalry, were at Franklin, Tenn. The rebels at- tacked without success the guard at the bridge on the Chattanooga road, ten miles from Nashville, on Saturday. Our gunboats, twenty-two in num- ber, wore at Clarksville at latest accounts. The recent victory in Arkansas, which resulted in the capture of the three forts at St. Charles, Daval's Bluffand Des Arc, on the White river, places the repossession of the State of Arkansas and its capital, Little Rock, virtually in the hands of our army. We give to-day some very interest- ing sketches of the forts taken, together with a map of the locality, which will show the impor- tance of the points General McClernand and Ad- miral Porter have so brilliantly acquired. Among the prisoners captured at Arkansas Post were one general, ten colonels, ten lieutenant colonels, ten majors, one hundred captains, near- ly two hundred lieutenants, and a lot of a tants, quartermasters, surgeons and staff officers. Jeff. Davis will Probably now be willing to ex- change, instead of putting in force the threats cont ned fo his proclamation. It is ramored that Gen. Cassius M. Clay has su- perseded Gen. Boyle in the command of the De- partment of Kentucky. The steamship British Queen, at this port yes- terday, brought us interesting news from the Ba- hamas, dated at Nassan, N. P., to the 20th of Ja nuary. The Anglo-rebel trade from Nassau to the blockaded ports of the South, and vice versa, was more brisk than at any other period since the commencement of the war. The port of Nassau continued to be the great depot for the discharge, reshipment or reassortment, as desired, of British cargoes, consisting of every description of contra- band of war, incleding gunpowder, intended for the comfort and use of the rebels. These sup- plies were all entered at Nassav, under the general description of “assorted merchandise,’ although, no doubt, the English Custom House officials were well aware of their real character and destination. The foreign vessels at Nassau hailed from Liverpool, Havre, Yarmouth, Madeira Bermuda, Newfoundland and other places, while the rebel traders arriving in the port oame mostly from Charleston and Wilmington, with cotton, rice and turpentine. The English steamer Thistle, which was lately overhanled by the Tuscarora, off Madeira, had arrived at Nassau with her valuable has done his duty, and has nothing further to com- municate. The State bounty to volunteers in Rhode Island has been stopped. A young girl, named Elizabeth Beatty, shot and killed a man named John McCormick, who had effected her ruin, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on the 23d inst. Clement L. Vallandigham has announced, in a letter, his determination to go before the Ohio Democratic State Convention as an applicant for the nomination for the office of Governor of the State, The Sanitary Commission at Nashville has sent to Cincinnati for a supply of sourkrout for the hos- pitals in that city. Captain Lavender, of steamer Saxon, who ar- rived yesterday from Key West, says that it wa% reported that the Alabama was off Havana on the 17th instant, and had sent a boat ashore, ‘The stock market was active on Saturday, and, asa general rule, prices were higher, though the course of the market was irregular and at times feverish. Government stocks were steady and bonds firm. Gold rose to 150%; closing at about 1603, at six P.M. Exchange closed at 165, Money was in brisk demand at 6 per cent. Cotton was steady, on Saturday, at 76c.a76%;c. for middlings, with sales of 1,250 bales. Flour advanced 10c., with sales of 30,000 bbis.; wheat 2c., with sales of 180,000 bushels, and corn slightly, with sales of 210,000 bushels. Oats were heavy and lower. There was increased ac, tivity in provisions at unchanged prices. Sugars, molas- ses, rice and teas were iu fair request, os were also other leading articles of general merchandise. Whiskey was hoavy and lower. The {reight engagements were limited, mostly for Liverpool; rates were unaltered. The New Abolition Program me—A Vigor- | ous War till May, and Then “«Kmane | cipation or Separation.” Our readers will remember that in the early stages of this rebellion the slippery philosopher of the New York Tribune stoutly advocated the divine right of secession. He was in favor of saying to the seven original seceding cotton States, as General Scott, in one of his five alternatives, suggested to President Lincoln, Wayward sisters, depart in peace.” But wherefore? Why thus submissively con- sent to « disruption ef the Union? Because there was a powerful faction in the winter of 1860, and down to March, 1861, in the republi- can camp at Washington, in favor of this course, | Perhaps, too, this policy would have been adopted but for the bombardment of Fort Sumter, the secession of Virginia and of the | so-called border slave States, which she drag- ged along with her into the Dismal Swamp of this rebellion. The seven original seced- | ing States, if allowed to try the experiment of | a separate confederacy, it was thought would soon devour each other, like the Kilkenny cats, | or would soon eome back again. In either | event, the institution of Southern slavery in those seceding States would be undermined, demoralized and broken up; and, in the mean- time, the anti-lavery party of the North, re- lieved of South Carolina and her cotton con- federates, would be able to rule the roast at Washington with » high hand. Fort Sumter, however, and the secession of Virginia precipitated the war, and from that | hour the abolition Jacobins bezan to lay their | Southera institution of slavery root and branch; colonial condition of Territories; they would recenstrict the Union upon the basis of human freedom and human equality. Nor can it be denied that, in view of these ends, they have assorted cargo. The Governor of the Bahamas been wonderfully successful thus far, in their had pablished a portion of the official correspon. | legislative and executive schemes, They have dence between Secretary Chase and Collector Bar- | legislated slavery forever out of the Territories; ney, relative to the late search of the British ves. sel W. H. Cleare, at Staten Island. A prige crow, from the United States gunboat Cambridge, deli- vered up a prize to the English master, who wasa prisoner on board, in order that he might navigate the vessel during a storm. her into one of the friendly He very naturally ran cays of the Channe ; th they have abolished it in the District of Co- lumbia; they have passed laws confiscating the property of rebels and emancipating their slaves, and declaring all fugitive slaves free ‘within our milifary lines; they have niade it a erime on the part of our military officers to restore or aid in restoring any fugitive slave to his master, and, finally, they have extorted from President 1 1 penelamatton neo! deeclering att they wonld reduce the revolted States to the | ' | can be done by Congressional acts and Presi dential proclamations to abolish slavery throughout the South this abolition faction have accomplished. This emancipation edict, we were promised, would be as supernaturally powerful against the rebellion as was the blowing of their rams’ horns by the trumpeters of Joshua against Je- ticho as they marched rouad the city’s walls. But what are the practical results of this eman- cipation experiment? They show us that it is a delusion and a snare; that it is operating to unite the South and to distract and divide the North, and so now we have achange in the abolition programme. Greeley proclaims it to the world. The war is to be prosecuted with a terrible energy by land and water, till May, and then, should the rebellion still defy our arms: our navy, our volunteers, our militia and all the negroes we can muster into service, we are, as we understand the matter, to have peace, through the friendly offices of Louis Napoleon, Greeley or somebody else, and upon the basis of a national lme of demarkation between a Northern and a Southern, confederacy. In other words, with the failure of emancipation, we are to have a separation—“emancipation or separation” having been the abolition ultima- tum from the beginning. General Simon Cameron, it seems, was anx- ious to get back into the United States Senate, in order to work in favor of a separation, 60 as to obtain the control of our federal govern- ment. According to'Bull Run Russell, Mr. Sec- retary Chase is also in favor of separation; and Wendell Phillips, with his original war ery of ‘no Union with slaveholders,” has gone to Washington to point oat to President Lin- coln his line of duty. We must, therefore, look to our fleets and armies for active work and decisive victories in the interval, or by May next these abolition disorganizers, in the dis- ruption of the Union, may bring upon us a disgraceful, delusive and ruinous peace; for that peace means endless war, which is pur. chased by a division of the Union. Tue Brunt Vicrory or Arkansas Posr axp Ocr Laren Successes my THAT QvARTER.— We published yesterday a very full and a very interesting report, from our special correspon- dont with the expedition, of the brilliant ope- rations and complete success of the combined land and naval forces under General McCler- nand and Admiral Porter at Arkansas Post, on the river and in the State of Arkansas. The enterprise was admirably managed by those excellent officers, and their success was another Fort Donelson or Roanoke Island operation— the bagging of the whole rebel concern---fort, armament, supplies, garrison and. all. Later advices from Admiral Porter’s squadron inform us that his light draughts had ascended the White river for three hundred miles, clearing out all rebel obstructions in their way, and penetrating into the very heartof Arkansas, From this intelligence we know that the West- ern rivers are up, and we may, therefore, con- fidently expect very soon a succession of posi- tive victories in that section—in Arkansgs, Ten- nessee, Mississippi and Louisiana. General Halleck has the men, the means and the facilities at his command, and let bim em- ploy them vigorously and skilfully, and we shall have by next May, not the inglorious peace of a separation, as suggested by Cirecley, but the glorious triumph of the Union over the rebel. lion. Let the government work now as the country demands ‘that it shall work, and the administration may still regain the public con- fidence in full and restore the Union in its in- tegrity. The darkest hour is just before the break of day. Tue Srrixo Trang.—Nature seems deter. mined to be premature this year. Spring wea- ther is visiting us in midwinter, and a sultry at_ mosphere, bright skies and unfrozen skating ponds leave but a fuint memory of the boister” ous but congenial season which January was wont to bring us. Business appears te follow in the wake of the weather, if we can judge from the aspect of the principal streets. On Broad- way the beginning of the spring trade manifests itself in a cheering and exuberant fashion. New stores are being opened, and old stores touched up, redecorated and revived. New signs meet the eye at one point, and old signs, with new, bright faces, remind one that a fresh and hope. ful season inspires the merchant class with anti- cipations of a large and profitable trade. Upon the whole, our business thoroughfares wear the cheerful look of old times, as though the days of national gloom and disaster were passing away, and prosperity was beginning to return with all its former brilliancy and promise. Tue Loyatry or tHe Prorie on tHe Fr NANCE QuEsTion.—There is probably no better test of the loyalty of a commercial people than he faith which they repose in the currency of the government during times of political diffi- culty. Such a test has been applied, and most favorably responded to, here In the matter of our postal currency. As soon as the newspapers and other institutions—such as railroad and ferry corporations—announced that they would receive nothing but the national currency for fractional parts of a dollar, the people responded at once, and shinplasters of all kinds, whethe™ Assued by municipal corporations, banks of business firms, vanished so completely that the postal currency is the only representative of small change now te be seen. Everything in the shape of small paper money except that for which the national government is responsible is rejected almost universally. Ler tas Dean Nor Br Foncorrex.—The Presideat has just approved of a bill for the issue of » bundred millions of dollars to pay off the army, and the paymasters are already busy 7 | in distributing the much desired and long plans to drag the administration into an abo- | coveted arrearages to the troops. This is well. lition crusade. They would extirpate this | But, while government is attending to the claims of the living, let the dead not be forgotten. There are thousands of brave fellows who will never answer to the roll call again, never troutle the paymaster, unless their spirite— appealing through the wants and sufferings of those they have left behind them—should find a voice. They died, many of them, with large arrearage of pay due to them, aud thousands of helpless widows and orphans to-day remain the patient but sorrowing creditors of the government. Their cases should be attended to with as little delay as possible. It is true that the formula of the Second Anditor’s depart- ment is tedious and difficult; but we wonld urge upon the authorities to hasten the pay. ment of the claims of the families of our dead soldiers. Much suffering would be removed South.” Having lett this country in dlsgust, after’ doing the Union cause all the harm he could, Bull Run Russell now favors us with a Par- thian arrow in the form of his “Diary.” A more curious jumble of gossip, description, moraliz- ing, history, bad Latin, scandal, anecdote, second rate French, egotism, abuse, personali- ties, impertinence, ill-breeding and penny-a- lining we have never had occasion to peruse, Only “an Englishman born in Ireland,” as Russell describes himself, could ever have kept and printed such a diary. From the time he landed in this country and duly reeorded everything the servants at the Clarendon said to him in regard to national affairs, down to the moment when he sneaked on shipboard, fearful of assassination and thanking Heaven that he was off for Europe, he seems to have had no other object than to insult the American people as bitterly as possible. Invited to various din- ners—not on account of any personal or social merits of his own, but simply as any other man would have been who represented the London Times—he rushed away from every table to make a note of the fact that his host or hostess had an immense mouth or a noticeable nose. Visiting Mount Vernon, he observes that our “principles ef liberty” were contained in the charters of the colonies, and were “in no degree derived from or dependent on the Revolution,” and that Washington.“‘was not posseased of the highest military qualities, if we are to judge from most of the regular actions, in which the British had the best of it.” After inspecting our largest army, he declares that a few ghousand English soldiers: could march over it without difficulty. When he is at last laughed out of the country, his false- hoeds exposed, his stockjobbing operations discovered, and his character known, he still retains impudence enough to represent himself asamartyr to truth and our national vanity, and his last words are a thanksgiving that he has left us forever. To this we can sincerely eay amen. 4 Tn New York city Bull Run Russell found nothing to admire. Its rapid growth is “far inferior to that of many parts of London.” Fifth avenue is full of houses, with a “com- pressed, squeezed up aspect” and “narrow, lanky” parlors. The city railway cars are in- convenient and “the destruction of all comfort or rapidity in ordinary carriages.” He bought a copy of the constitution “for three cents,” but was dissatisfied with his bargain, because it was not “self-expounding.” He dined with Belmont, the banker, and, although the house was elegant and the company agreeable, “yet there was something wanting. Not in host or hostess, or company or house. Where was it?” Evidently in Russell’s self, who was unaccustomed to good society. The American ladies were pretty, but were not “of the grandiose Roman type, which Van Ranmer recognized in Lon_ don.” He visited poor Greeley, who enjoined upon him “to be sure and examine the slave pens” when he went South. From New York he proceeded to Washington in “s long box on wheels,” which we barbarians call a railway car, and dined at Minister Sanford’s on the evening of his arrival, where he met Senator Anthony, of Rhode Island, who will not follow Simmons’ example and resign, and who is correctly described as having “an Israelitish cast of face’ and mind- The next day Secretary Seward introduced Russell to President Lincoln, of whose personal appearance he gives a comical description. It is characteristic of Russell that he details the full particulars of the President’s reception of the Chevalier Bertinatti, although Secretary Seward bad hinted to him “yon are not sup- posed to be here.” President Lincoln did not look like “what is called a gentleman,” but re- ceived Russell “in a friendly manner,” de- ¢clared that the London Times was the most powerful thing in the world, “except, perhaps, the Mississippi,” and welcomed Russell as the Times’ “minister.” “Mrs. Lincoln’s “features are plain, her nose and mouth of an ordinary type, and her manners and appearance homely, stiffened, however, by the consciousness that her position requires her to be something more than plain Mrs. Lincoln, the wife of the Illinois lawyer.” The day after penning this descrip- tion Russell received “a magnificent bouquet of flowers” from Mrs. Lincoln. Jeff. Davis, on the other hand, is “a very different looking man from Mr. Lincoln. He is like a gentleman;” and Mrs. Davis “is a comely, sprightly woman, verging on matronhood, of good figure and man- ners, well dressed, ladylike and clever.” Some of Russell's hits have a spice of truth about them. Speaking of a conversation with Sumner, he says:—“I thought I detected a desire to let the Southern States go out with their slavery if they so desired it. Mr. Chase, by the way, expressed sentiments of the same kind more decidedly the other day.” This shows that the radical programme of accepting “the best attainable peace,” now that the emancipa” tion proclamation is issued, is by no means a new idea. Of Senator Wilson, who used to be a shoemaker, Russell says that he “is whtra erepidam” in his present position. Fremont is “without the smallest external indications of extraordinary vigor, intelligence or abili- ty. If he has military genius, it must come by intuition; for assuredly he has no pro- fessional acquirements or experience.” Presi- dent Lincoln called McClellan “Georgy.” and inconvenienced Captain Dahlgren by perpetual visits; for he “is animated,by a most extraordi- nary curiosity about naval matters and ma- chinery, and is a by the novelty of the whole department, so that he is continually ran- ning down ‘to have a talk with Dahlgren’ when he is not engaged in ‘a chat with George.’ ” Moralizing upon the same topic, Russell con- tinues:—“This poor President! He is to be pitied; surrounded by such scenes, and trying with all his might to understand strategy, naval warfare, big guns, the movements of troops, military maps, ‘recoanoissanees, occupations, interior and exterior lines, and all thedechnical details of the art of slaying. He runs from one house to another, armed with plans, papers, reports, recommendations—sometimes good hu. mored, never angry, occasionally dejected, and always a little fussy.” Again, dining with Commodore Foote, Captain Dahlgren and other naval officers, Russell reports:—‘I learned from the conversation that it was the President who ordéred the attack upen Charleston harbor; or, to speak with more accuracy, the move- ment of the armed squadron to relieve Sumter by force ff necessary; and that he came to the conclusion it was feasible prin- cipally from reading of the attack on Kinburn by the allied fleet.” Taken in connection with the Preaident’s letter to McClellan about “my rons,” these extracts aetist us to @ conelysion thwart the best efforts of our best generals. As we intend to recur to this “Diary” again, we need not at present follow Bull Run Rus- ell in his egotistical account of the cards he left, the horses he purchased, the dinners he received and the advice he gave. Of his share in the battle of Bull rua our readers are al- ready advised; and, apropos of this subject, Russell relates a capital story of a joke which frightened him nearly to death, and which was played upon him “by a dirty German soldier, who called out from the parapet, ‘Pull Run Russell, you -shall never write Pull’s ruas again,’ and at the same time cocked his piece and levelled it at” the British lion. We cannot compare Russell’s “Diary” to Gurowski’s, al- though Russell refers to his obeisity even more frequently than the Count Adonis; for Gurowski shows himself much more of & gentleman than his English rival. The fate incurred by those who print what- ever they may see and hear in the private houses to which they are invited is well known to Bull Run Ruwsell from the experience of his friend, the Chevalier Willis, in England. That fate will be Russell's whenever he at. tempts to associate with gentlemen, even in Europe, id spite of his attempted defence that he “gave as mgny dinners to Américans as ever he received from them;” while here he will be remembered not only as a enob, but as @ literateur who deliberately labored to ruin a great nation in order that he and his friends might operate in stocks, and “act ag if they had heard some very good news.” The News from Mexteo—The Mexican Question in Congress. The latest intelligeace from Mexico, via Havana, gives details of a reported defeat of the French at Puebla. The facts, as stated in the despatches just received, seem greatly ex. aggerated. It being very improbable that four thousand French troops, even if surprised by eight hundred Mexican cavalry, could be so utterly defeated. It is evident that some mis- take has been made in stating the numbers engaged. At present it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable information from Mexico, as, of ceurse, all despatches must pass through French sources, and out of the suppression of news all sorts of wild reports are put in circulation. We do not doubt, however, that the invaders of Mexico will find they have undertaken a hazardous and extremely difficult task, and we should not be surprised to hear of their encountering defeat at the hands of their numerous and fully determined enemies, who are eagerly watching every opportunity to in- jure them. We can but add that Americans will gladly hear that Mexico defends her- self with courage. Of the right of France or any other European Power to invade the soil or threaten the liberties of the independent Mexi- can nation there is but one opinion. It is an outrage upon International law and the rights of a free people, and were it not for the diffi- culties which now encumber this republie—the results of a devastatigg civil war—no such in- vasion would ever - attempted. The resolutions offel he Senate on Mon- day last by Mr. McDougall, the Senator from California, conceruing the presence and pur. poses of the French in Mexico, were ‘set aside for consideration. These resolution de- Clare that the attempt of the French govern. ment to subjugate the republic of Mexico by 4rmed force is a violation of international law, is well as of the Treaty of London; that the at- tempt to subject that republic to French autho- tity is an act not merely unfriendly to this country, but to free institutions everywhere, and is regarded as not only unfriendly, but hos tile; that it is the duty of the American repub- lic to require of the government of France that her armed forces should be withdrawa from Mexican territory; ‘and finally, that it is the duty of the American government to lend all moral and material aid to Mexico to prevent the forcible interposition of any of the States of Kurope in the affairs of that republic. This is in substance the matter of the resolutions which, it is to he presumed, will engage the attention of the Senate. The case of Mexico, in relation to the Euro- pean Powers, and espeesially to France, has* been most eloquently aud ably argued by that distinguished Mexican statesman and scholar, Don Jose Ramon Pacheco. In his letters to M. Drouyn de Lhuys, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Senor Pacheco has clearly shown that there is no honest pretext whatever for the interference of the Emperor of the ¥rench in the affairs of Mexico. Senor Pacheco speaks with the authority of one who is tho- roughly conversant with the subject which he discusses, and as one who has been authorized by his government to give expression to these views. In his published letters be reduces the Mexican question to the simplest terms, so far as the pre! ions of France are concerned. He says that Mexico has not offended either of the Allied Powers, and France least of all; for Mexico has never offended her at all, nor does she owe her a single dollar. He reminds M. | Drouyn de Lhuys-—who, by the way, is the in- | timate and personal friend of Senor Pacheco— that when he was sent to France.by the Mexican } government he hesitated to leave until an agree | ment could be made with M. Levasseur, for his | government, to the effect that there should be | no pending debts or difficulties between the two countries. A convention was held, and a settlement made, by which the Mexican govern- ment agreed to pay twenty-five per cent of their | import duties to liquidate the claims of French | citizens—an agreement faithfully observed by | three subsequent Mexican administrations. He then refers to the other pretended claims of | France, of which he summarily disposes, and passes on to consider the monstrous preteasion of the honse of Jecker & Co. | This transaction, Senor Pacheco says, is a fair | illustration of the manner in which the govern- | ments ef Mexico have always been treated. The | house of Jecker advanced half a million of dol- | lars to Miramon’s government—giving a part | in clothing, a part in old debts apd the rest in — money—and for this sum that heusé, through the French army, seeks to recover fifteen | millions Of dollars in cash, with the fifth part of all the revenues of the nation, | Upon such unfounded claims as these, and | other specious pretences fully detailed by | Senor Pacheco, doos the French Emperor send | his legions into Mexico and threaten the life of | our sister republic. What action Gongress may take in this matter remains to be seen. That | we shall actively interfere at present is not at all probable, nor indeed would it be wise. But | there is no doubt that the Mexican people--if we are to believe their orators, their statesmen, | their governors and their journats-—will pre- | aent a bold front to their invaders and roll back | it MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. the slaves in tho rebellious States beyond the | Bali Rum Russell's “Diary North and | in regard to tho means used by the radicals to Unie ceastas aa ae lnannestactio at the Bay of Sacrificios. The conquest of Mexicd is not yet accomplished, and we doubt that thé arms of France—powerful as they are confessed to be—will 40 easily overthrow the nationality of that people. In the meantime the country awaits with anxiety the aotion of Congress, and it would be well ifthe testimony of such a distinguished statesman as Senor Pacheco, thesformer Mexi- can Minister to France, the trusted aervant of his own government, and the friend of the Em peror Napoleon and M. Drouyn de Lhuys, were carefully examined before any decision be made, as it gives a clear, impartial and succinct account of the just claims of Mexico to the con- sideration of all free nations, and the reasons which now direct her sons to defend their soil from all intruders, let hom .come from wheace they may. + The Struggle in the Assem bly—Its Revo lationary Significance. In a constitutional country there can be n0 more alarming revolutionary indication thaa any violent interference with the freedom of discussion and action guaranteed to ita legisla tive bodies. Whether this proceeds from withia or without, from the overbearing conduct of.a party or-from the despotic acts of the sove- reign, it is equally dangerous. It was the arbi- trary measures of the First Charles towards hia Parliament that led to his deposition and exe- cution. It'was gimilar efforts to restrict the constitutional rights of the people in the per sons of their representatives that led to the sue’ cessive revolutions in France, the death of ons and the expulsion of others of ita monarchs. Im Switzerland—~a republic resembling our own— a revolution was nearly brought about by the arbitrary efforts of some of its cantons to swamp the representative privileges of the others. km this country the same premonitory symptoms of revoluiion have not failed to manifest them- selves. Im the last Congress before the break- ing out of the war the election of Speaker was characterized by ecenes of violence and por- senal outrage that filled the minds of alt true patriots with dismal forebodings for the fur ture of the country. And now that we are wading with difficulty through the sea of troubles brought upon us by the men who dis- graced Congress by their violence on that oc- casion, we have in our State Legislature, at & time when moderation and forbearance are more than ever called for, a repetition of the same threatened scenes of bloodshed and muc- der. It is a lamentabie evidence of the frenzy which has seized upon the minds of the leading actors in these occurrences that they are alikeia, sensible to the results of their conduct and to the disgust and disapprobation with which it is viewed by their constituents. This insensi- bility to public opinion is one of the moat alarming symptoms of the times, Tt proves that the Contagious influences of the sevola- tionary events through which we have been passing for the last couple of years have so demoralized our public men that they no louger care about what may be thought or said of them. The unblushing apostacy of Mr: Callicot to the opinions that’ sent him to the Assembly is a painful enough evidence of this, though we do not know thatit is werse. or evea as bad, viewed in its general results, as the dis- graceful violence of the proceedings by which the democrats are endeavoring to remedy bis defection. Much, however, as their conduct is to be con- demned, it must be owned that it is not with- out some excuse in that of their oppo- nents. The example set by the authorities iu Washington of a tetal disregard of all constitu- tional restrictions by the arbitrary arrest and imprisonment of individuals, without any legag or even presumptive justification, has naturally had the cflect of breaking down that respect for established priaciples and forms that pre- viously prevailed. The earnestness of opposi- tion induced by such a state of things is now producing its fruits, and the administration and its sapporters are beginning to discover that in this, as in other States, the indignation created by their arbitrary acts is assuming a terribly earnest and menacing form. The disgraceful disclosures that have just come to light in coa- nection with the contest for United States Senate: in the Pennsylvania Legislature show how intense is this feeling, and how easy ft would be to provoke it to sanguinary extremi- ties. Itis not merely a reaction, but a counter~ revolution, that has set in; and on the manner in which it is dealt with by the Presideat and the conservative members of the party with whom he is associated will depend the extent and character of its comsequences. It may be that the adjournment of the vote upon the Speakership to this morning will have had the effect of bringing home to the minds of members a conviction of these truths, and that both parties will be prepared to sacrifice some- thing to the spirit of conciliation. From the violence and tenacity of purpose hitherto mani- fested we confess we have but very little hope of such a result. There seems to be a deter- mination on both sides to Oght out this contest to the bitter end. entirely regardless of the grave consequences to which it is leading them. a Our Na- y No financial truth is better established than that paper currency, like other things of prime necessity, rises or sinks in value according to the great law of supply and demand. In illus- tration of this too much forgotten prinoiple, we publish elsewhere a complete account of the various issues of Continental money, derived, The Continental Money | in part, from Congressional and other sources not easily accessible to the public. It will be seen that so long as there was no more cur- rency afloat than the legitimate business of the country bad been used to absorb the paper money was equal to gold and silver. When, however, the point of saturation was passed, every addition brought new depreciation, and, though all imaginable expedients, except a re- stricting of the quantity, were put in force to avert so fatal a catastrophe, the popular con- fidence was gradually wadermined, the Con- tinental notes sank lower and lower in value, till, at longth, like other worthless shinplasters, they became a public nuisance, and by @ cen- vulsive effort were driven from the circulation altogether, and ceased to sirculate as money. One cardinal defect of the Continental cur- rency was that its quantity was regulated, not by the wants of legitimate trade, but by the exigencies of war and the poverty of the gov- ernment. Thus it was that the currency was hurried throngh the swiftly recurring staged of enfeebled purchasing power, till it finally ex. pired without a groau. Of the three stages of par value, deprec jation and demonetization, our national currency has, with wonderful deqpatch,