The New York Herald Newspaper, April 27, 1862, Page 4

4, NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. of the bogus government. The correspondence, in its entirety, will fally repay attentive perusal | Yesterday Recorder Hoffman sentenced those prisoners who were convicted during the week in the General Sessions, Thomas Moran, who pleaded guilty to an attempt at burglary in the third degree, was sent to the State prison for two years. Leonard Fletcher, who pleaded guilty to an assault with a dangerous weapon, was sen- teuced to imprisonment at Sing Sing for a similar period. It appeared that this man has already served a term of imprisonment for manslaughter. John Riordon, who was found guilty on Friday of stealing two bags of wool worth $70, the property of Jacob Stedheinner, was sent to the State prison for two years. Wm. Patten, guilty of forgery in the third degree, was sentenced to incarceration in the penitentiary for two years and four months. The Board of Excise will hold its first session for the ensuing year on the third Tuesday of May next, as the Legislature has adjourned without altering the Excise law. Already a number of persons have been arrested for selling liquor without license, especiallyin the Fifth ward. ‘The Police Commissioners are determined to fully enforce the Excise law this year, and compel liquor dealers to obtain license or give up the business. ‘A large number cf horses and mules, condemned by the United States government, were sold at Broadway.<Tuz Ma- | public auction in Washington on’Thursday last, ei by Marshall & Page. The prices ranged from a0 twenty-five cents to $110 each, making an average of about $27. The sale was well attended, and the bidding was spirited. The stock market opened dull yesterday, but acquired strength towards the mididle of tho day, and closed quite steady. Monoy continued easy. Exchange closed steady. Gold, 1014 bid. The bullion export of the day was $357,524, ‘The cottom market yesterday was less active, as there was, as usual on the last day of the week, loss attend- ance of spinners, The sales on Friday, including parcels sold late in the a‘ternoon, footed up about 3,500 bales. sales yesterday (Saturday) were coufined to some in lots, The extreme figure of the day ked, was not paid, ae. for middling uplanis. The flour market was less active, and prices, though without change cf importance, were in some cases rather easier to purchasers, at inside figures. Tho sales werechiefly mate to the domestic trade. Wheat was in light tsupply, while prices were without alteration of mo- ment, thongh somewhat irrecular, while gales wero limi- OFFICEN. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS, TERMS cash in advance. Money sent by mait will be at the wish of the sender. None but Bank bills current in New York taken: THE DAILY WPRAL- THE WEEKLY Hi copy, or $8 per annver ‘at wice conts per copy: art 0 too cents per copy, $T per annum. every Saturdiy, at Titerally paid ParricULak.y Riguastep To Skat at Lerrens anv Pack- AGHS SENT Us, WO NOTICE We a return rejected DVERT' aken of anonymous correspondence. wed every day: advertisements in- up, Fawiy Hagan, and in the California an Eilitions, JOB PRINTING ceecuted with weatness, cheapness and dex patch, Volume XXVII AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Tax ENcHANTRES8, WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.—Romzo ayp Juuier. 8 CAs ACK SEERA, Sit Broadway.—-Every One Has LAURA KBENE’S THEATRE, CagTHY; OR, THK PEEP oF D, NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Buakney—ovois at THe > 4 OLYMPIC THEATRE, 485 Broadway.—Ancet or Mip- icut—Couxan Bors BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Com. Norr—Living Wuarz, &c., at all hours.—Hor o' MY Puvas—Wioow OF 1ALERMO, afternoon aud evening. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall —472 Broad- way.—Kuccxn Par, MELODEON CONCERT HALL, 539 Broadway.—Fovrs- MAN PER. ORMANCES, SONGS, Dances, BuRLESQUES, &C. CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 585 Broadway.—Soxas Dances, Buaresques, d0.—Kev uso. GAIETIES CONCERT ROOM, 616 Broadway.—Drawina ENTERTAINMENTS, BALLETS, PanTomimxs, Faces, £0. AMERICAN MUSIC HALL, 444 Broadway.—J. Danger—RaiinosD—Cotuisios—Jouny Mulees CRYSTAL PALACE CONCERT HALL, No. 45Bowery, = ‘BuRiesques, Soncs, DanoKs. &0.—WJuar As a fost. PARISIAN CABINET OF WOND) - ‘Open daily from 10 A. M. till 9 P.M. sanatnalesisaion aes Desens taka _ | ted. Corn was heavy and lower, with sales New York, Sunda: 2, cof Western mixed at S6c. a 57e., in store, eu x cine. ina we 2 chiefly at the latter figure, and at 58c., deliv ered. Pork was unchanged and sales moderate, chiefly at $12 25 for new mess, and at $10 a $10 25 for new prime. Sugars wero steady and in good request, with sales of 1,500 hhds., including 150 Porto Rico, the re- Cubas, with 100 boxes at futt prices, A .t quotations nominal, Freights were steady, with fair engagements. THE SITUATION. The news from Corinth is highly important. Onur troops have had another conflict with the ene- my, and have gained another victory. Despatches received in St. Louis yesterday, state that the ad- vance guard of the Union army attacked the rebels on Thursday and drove them back towards Co- rinth. General Halleck was, according to this account, at the last dates pushing hia entire army vigorously forward. Another despatch, received ia Chicago from Cairo yesterday, describes a re- conmoisaance in force which took place on the same ~day, Thursday, when our troops surprised a rebel camp, and had advanced to within six miles of Corinth. They remained at this point from oleven o'clock in the morning until three, and saw no sign of the rebels in front. The continual rattle of cars and sounding of steam whistles on the road towards Memphis were heard, giving ground to the impression that the rebels were evacuating Corinth and pushing on towards Memphis. It is probable that both these accounts refer to the same thing—the attack upon the camp consti- tuting the substance of the despatch sent from Pittsburg Landing to St. Louis, as the despatch (rom Cairo to Chicago embodies, in all probability, the final result of the operations. This no doubt socounts for the fact which we published yester- day that heavy firing was heard on Thursday in the neighborhood of Pittsburg Landing. The intelligence from Yorktown to-day is con- fined to the fact that one of our gunboats, whose namo isnot mentioned, opened a fire with shells from Wormsley’s creek upon the rebel works at Yorktown, on Thursday. The rebels answered promptly. The gunboat fell off to a further dis- tance, but continued to pour shells into the ene- amy's batteries. The news from General Banks’ corps reports the rebel leader Jackson has pushed his whole force forward to Harrisonburg, and finding our troops in Possession of Staunton, took the turnpike road to Gordonsville, and at last accounts had reached as (ar as McGaugheyatown. A despatch received at the War Department yesterday from Fortress Monroe, says that a Rich- mond despatch of the 25th states that a federal ganboat had succeeded in passing Fort Jackson, below New Orleans; but the febels add they re- gard it of little importance, as they have other Gefences to depend upon. Despatches received at the Navy Department yesterday from Commodore Foote contain the official report of the expedition of Lieutenant Gwin with the transports Tyler and Lexington to Chickasaw, Alabama, containing two thousand troops, infantry and cavalry, under command of General Sherman, where they disembarked, and proceeded rapidly to Bear Creek Bridge, at the crosfing of the Memphis and Charles. ton Railroad, for the purpose of destroying it and as much of the tressel work as they could find. Lieutenant Gwin reports that the expedition was entirely successful. The bridge, consisting of two spans of one hundred and ten feet each, was com- pletely destroyed, together with some five hundred feet of tressel work and half a mile of telegraph line. The rebels made a feeble resistance to our cavalry, one hundred and twenty in number, but soon hastily retreated, losing four killed. None of our troops wore killed. The correspondence of cortain rebels, now so- fourning in Europe, some of an aspiring, some of a | hopeful nature, which we publish to-day, will be found exceedingly interesting. The letters were found on the rebel steamer Calhoun, which at tempted to run the blockade Of the Mississippi in January last and was captured by our feet, MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. ‘The batch of rebel correspondence captured with the steamer Calhoun, which we publish this morning, contains many facts that will cast a true Light upon the impious aims of the Southern con- Spirators and their European myrmidons. Thegreat Gesign of the rebels is clearly shown to be to misrepresent the true condition of things here, and thes to bring about a recognition of the bas- tard confederacy. Every false assertion has been made, and no base action spared, that could affect the status of the legitimate Northern government. Bpies and traitors have been freely employed to aid the traitors, and even the Emperor of the French, and the other sovereigns of Buropo, haye | ones which may be closed. Should the Sonth— been approached with the bait of exclusive | blindly following the suicidal course enjoined outheru trade, to eutrap them into a Fecognition | upon it by its leaders—destroy their cotton apd tes Prospects of the Country on the Termina- tion of the War. The influence of the present war upon the future of the country in a commercial and financial point of view will be prodigious, ex- tending into a long vista of coming time. The people will be called upon to bear an amonnt of taxation such as hitherto has been waknown to us. It isan interesting subject of inquiry upon what classes of the community the weight of this taxation will fall most heavily. The whole amount of the wealth and resources of the na- tion, in all kinds of productions, constitutes the subject or matter on which taxation falls. Land, which supplies all the material of labor, and labor, which works up all those materials into objects of exchangeable value, are, con- jointly, the producers of all the wealth of the nation. Therefore, upon these two divisions the whole burthen of taxation will necessarily fall—viz: upon the owners of real estate and upon those who are engaged as producers in the various pursuits of labor and industry. Now, as taxation is the abstraction of the pro- fits derived from the productions of laud and labor, these two must necessarily suffer the ab- straction, and lose, according to the amount of taxation, so much of their value Con- sequently, we may expect to see, as one of the first effects of the increased taxa. tion rendered necessary by the war, a fall in the value of real estate. Thus property in New York and its neighborhood will not hence- forth rule so much higher than it does in Lon- don, where the greater amount of taxation has prevented real estate from reaching the same high rate of value which it has hitherto done with us. Here is one glimpse of the prospect before us—namely, a general ‘Bepreciation of those values which have hitherto, from our com- parative immunity from taxation, ruled ex- travagantly high. There is ome species of property, how- ever, which is peculiarly favored in tho general programme of taxation as far as it is at present developed. We refer to government securities. These are free from taxation, and we think, from many reasons, it is a wise and politic measure to place them in this category. From the immunity which these values will enjoy, it is not too much to say that in the course of twenty or thirty years s hundred thousand dollars in- vested to-day in these securities will be worth perhaps a hundred and fifty thou- sand. Here, then, is another prospect of the hidden future which looms dimly in the dis- tance, and which is calculated to afford some gratification to all prudent and careful persons who look for security and advantage in the in- vestment of their accumulations and savings. In fact, our financial prospects at the close of the war promise to be most brilliant. Our national securities will, no doubt, within a few years after its termination, rule as | high as thirty or forty per cent premium, | as they have done before at various pe- riods. Not simply because we have, as a nation, always kept good faith with the public creditor, and speedily and honora. bly paid off every debt contracted, nor simply because our national resources are so vast as to be adequate to any emergency— all which will invite foreign capital towards our shores— but because the best home investments will be in these securities, in view of the natural de- preciation of real estate which taxation will produce, while these securities remain un- taxed. Whatever may be the result of the war, the United States will, beyond all doubt, rise with- in no long period after its close toa higher pitch of prosperity than they have ever yet at- tained. There will necessarily occur a brief space of revulsion, and, it may be, panic, at the moment when we shall leave off spending three millions a day, when the vast multitude em- plo¥ed by this large expenditure shall be thrown back on their former resources. But, when this cloud has passed over, business will soon return to steady and permanent channels, and commerce will open new avenues for enter- prise and activity in compensation for the old NEW YOR HERALD, SUNDAY, APRIL 27, 1862.: abandon its produotion, there is a fair prospect that the great and fertile West will compete in the supply, and open a new field of enterprise and production. Thus, apparent evil will be found to work out ultimate good. Upon the whole we may confidently conclude that the prospects before us, on the termination of this war, are encouraging and even flatter- ing. Taxation itself will draw money from the rich which will find its way ultimately into general circulation. New fields of enterprise will open to our merchants. Our manufactures will be increased, the home market will be en- larged, the foreign will be extended, and the prospect is that the country will, within a short time after the establishment of peace, enter up- on a wide and vast career of unexampled pros- perity. Nothing else, indeed, can be expected from a people distinguished for their industry, invention and enterprise, who inhabit regions inexhaustible in their productions and re- sources. Every mail from Europe brings us fresh intelligence of the completeness of the revolu- tion in naval warfare produced by the late action in Hampton Roads. The details of the news of the artillery experiments upon iron plates at Shoeburyness, brought by the Persia, are highly important. The alarm in England for the safety of the island is intense, and the agitation in Parliament and in the press is of the most exciting character. The intelligence which we published on Friday, and by several previous arrivals, shows how com- pletely the subject has engrossed both the public mind and the attention of the govern- ment. The discussion is highly important to the United States, under present circum- stances, and demands the earnest attention of our government. Already experiments have been made on sections corresponding to the Warrior, with a wrought iron cannon twelve tons weight, fourteen feet long, loaded with forty pounds of powder and throwing a ball of only one hundred and fifty-six pounds, at a distance of two hundred yards. The result was that, with the first shot, “the iron was shattered into crumbs of metal and the teak splintered into fibres literally as small as pins.” And so damaging to the woodwork was the missile, that it wonld have rendered it almost impossi- ble to stop the breakage. A second shot ren- dered the damage tenfold worse. ‘Had these two shots,” says the London Times, “struck an iron frigate at the water line, no means could have prevented her from sinking in half an hour’’ An iacreased charge was next tried, with even more tremen- dous effect; and Sir Wm. Armstrong says that, with this gun loaded with fifty pounds of powder, he can break through the sides of | the Warrior or of the strongest ohips afloat. It is.at present, a smooth bore one hundred and fifty-eix pouader of coiled iren ; but it will be rifled in a month, and then it will bea three hundred pounder, the conical projectile being twice and a half as long as the diameter of the round ball. Of course, with this weight of metal in a flatheaded shot, the gun will be more effeclive at any range than before, and not even six inches of armor, the heaviest with which a ship can float, will be sufficient to re- sist it. An ordinary gun will not produce such results. Two things are necessary. The weapon wast be of wrought iron, in order to enable it to stand the heavy charge; and it must be long to give the heavy charge effect. With Rodman’s gun, now being constructed, a shot upwards of half a ton will be thrown, and the London 7'imes estimates that it will be able to destroy armor plates even a foot thick. Captain Coles, who claims to be the real inventor of the Monitor, offers to build two of these vessels (which he calle “shot-proof rafts”), with three bundred-pounders, at an ex- pense of $300,000 each, which will dispute the entrance to Spithead against the Warrior or vessels of that class, and would most certainly either destroy or drive her away. He makes another proposition. He offers to build a sea- going vessel on his principle, nearly one hun- dred feet shorter than the Warrior, and in all respects equal to her, with one exception—that he will disable and capture her in an hour—his ship to draw four feet less water, to require only half the crew, and cost $500,000 less to build. In reply to Capt. Coles, Mr. Blake- ly says that it is a mistake to suppose that guns throwing three hundred pound balls can injure iron-plated vessels. He thinks that nothing short of seven hundred pounds, propelled by eighty pounds of powder, can do it. The guns of the Monitor, he says, threw shot of one hundred and eighty pounds, with a powder charge of only twelve pounds, and did no material injury to the Merrimac; whereas, an ordinary sixty- eight-pounder, at a short range, might have done great damage through the portholes, into which the larger sized balls would not be so likely to enter. He concludes that ships similar to the Warrior and those of Captain Coles will bom- bard towns in total disregard of the presence of these vessels, and that therefore England has no choice but to provide herself with steam rams or make arrangements to ransom her sea- ports. The London Times, arriving at the same conclusion, says :—“In fact, no weapon of offence or defence seems left to us now, so effi- cient at a large armor-clad and very swift ram. As bearing on this point, we may here state that Mr. Osborne, in a recent speech in the House of Commons, showed that in 1807 Sir John Duckworth, in command of tbe British fleet, passed and repassed the Dardanelles, and his wooden vessels were struck both going and returning with solid shot, seven hundred and eight hundred pounds, and yet he did not lose aship, though he had eleven vessels, and the total killed were forty-five and wounded two hundred and thirty-five. How much more able to resist such projectiles are strong iron-plated vesgele? It is admiited, too, that shells, which are so destructive when exploding in wooden ships, cannot penotrate fron-clad vessels, But we are informed that targets consisting of sections corresponding to the Monitor have been fired at by order of the British govern- ment, and have been found “almost as vulnera- ble as timber; and it is added that prepara- tions are being made to test in the same manner the armor of the Merrimac, and that there can be little doubt of a similar result. This we think admits of some question. But even suppos- ing that a section of the Monitor was destroyed by a héavy shot, that is no proof that the Moni. tor herself would be penetrated; for a section would not be so strong as the complete tower, whose resistance is that of the arch in addition | to the strength of the iron. In the same way it fy no proof that the armgr of the Morrimag could be penetrated as ily as a section of the Warrior, though the plates of the latter are much thicker, for this reason: that the covering of the Merrimac slopes at an angle of forty-five degrees, while the sides of the Warrior are per. pendicular and can be easily struck at right an- gles. The rotundity of the Monitor's tower, which renders it extremely difficult to hit it at right an- gles, and the slope of the Merrimac’s armor, constitute the protection of those vessels more than the thickness of the plates. The experi- ments made in England, however, are de- serving of the immediate attention of the War and Navy departments, and ought to be tested at once by experiments conducted by United States officers. One thing is certain, and is now admitted on all hands, that mere wooden ships are useless against iron-plated vessels, and that stone for- tifications are in the same predicament. The huge coast fortifications of Austria in Venoti® are now rendered of no avail, and tho seven iron-plated frigates of Victor Emanuel can make short work of them. In a recent debate in the House of Commons, in which Lord Palmerston, Lord Paget and Sir J. Pakington took part, similar admissions were made as‘to the wooden ships and atone fortifications of England. In the words of Mr. Bentinck, ‘the boasted navy of Great Britain is useless as a fighting navy;” and it is evident her stone fortifications can be de- molished as easily as was Fort Pulaski. Hence the British House of Commons, after a length- ened debate, decided, by a vote of seventy-four to thirteen, that the money appropriated for fortifications should be applied to the construc” tion of iron-sheathed vessols, and to the conver- sion of wooden into iron-armored ships. Iron fortifications are too expensive, and not half 80 efficient as gunboats. For instance, the iron for the forts ordered for Portsmouth alone costs $10,000,000, though it is only ten inches thick; and that sum would be insufficient if the material be wrought iron. How many floating batteries like the Monitor could be built for such a sum. Thus passes away the glory of the wooden walls of England, about which her poets have sung, and thus are all her costly coast forti- fioations rendered of no avail. The farseeing, longheaded Emperor of the French has her on the hip, and will be sure to give her a fall which will break her heart. A Mere Dirrerence or Orimioy.—Imme- diately after the battle of Pittsburg Landing the abolition journals indulged themselves in all sorts of abuse and denunciation of the French Invasion of England: We recently presented to the reader our viows about the feasibility and the probability of the invasion of England by the Emperor of the French. We did not expect so soon to see acon- firmation of our opinions in the journals of France and England. To-day we publish some extracts from some of the leading newspapers of both countries, showing that England has good reason for her fears. The Opinion Nation ale, in reference to the violent spasmodic efforts of England to transform her navy from wooden walls to iron sides, announces with exultation that “ the government and the nation desire at any price to maintain their supremacy ; but they will endeavor in vain ; it will be no longer possible for them to seoure their coast against invasion. This is the principal cause of our neighbor's anxiety. They know that the part of their territory situated opposite France pre- sents in general a safe landing place of easy ac. cess.” Then the organ of Prince Napoleon goes on significantly to observe, as regards “peace ” between the two countries, “the future is full of uncertainty.” Finally, the article winds up by a reference to the “expressions of sorrow” which cannot be concealed by the proud declarations of the British press—“sighs rapidly suppressed, which prove the confusion which prevails in public opinion.” The Gazette de Midi, com- menting on the action in Hampton Roads, declares that “the maritime power of nations is, from this day forward, established on a foot- ing of perfect equality; for the entire material afloat must be renewed, and the preponder- ance of a nation will no longer consist in the number of her ships, but in the invulnerability of their cuirass.”” Thus British ascendancy on the high seas is a thing of tho past: a new era in maritime affairs is opened to the world. The Paris correspondent of the London Times re- cognizes the fact, and informs the readers of that journal that “a ship-of-war of equal force with the Monitor might be constructed in each of the French naval arsenals in a month.” When we know what is the vast extent and the perfection of these arsenals, we cannot doubt the assertion of the correspondent of the leading English journal; and if it be true, as it undoubtedly is, it is no wonder that the British aristocracy should be startled with horrible visions of the future. Time makes all things even. Waterloo, and the ungenerous treatment of Napoleon, after his fall, by the English go- vernment, in whoso hospitality he confided, are not forgotten in France, nor by the man of des- tiny who guides her fortunes in peace or war. France now possesses the means of avenging her former humiliation—a mighty army, highly disciplined, and armed with the most improved weapons which modern art and science can pro- duce; an iron-plated navy which it ie not in the power of England to resist. Napoleon il. i mot the man to lose «0 fa- vorable a opportunity of realizing the highest ‘objects of human ambition, end at the same time of offering a most acceptable sacrifice to the manes of his uncle. We may therefore look out for war between France and England at any moment, and suddenly as a thunder clap in a clear sky. Lord Palmerston suggested the other day in Parliament that tke iron plates of the new French ships-of-war were not equal to the English metal. Let him not lay this flattering unction to his soul. The iron used for these vessels in France is superior to anything England ever produced. It is Swedish and Russian iron, subjected to a mechanical process which is a secret possessed only by the French government, and which renders the tex- ture of the metal extremely tenacious. With his usual foresight, Napoleon was making these preparations for a mortal blow to the naval supremacy of England while her degenerate rulers were sleeping at their posts. Of all the great nations in Europe, Britain is the most vulnerable as soon as her navy is defeated. Her oligarchy are conscious of this, and hence their knees tremble at the doom that awaits them, as did Belshazzar of old when he read the mys- terious handwriting on the wall traced by an invisible finger. ‘There is one nation that has no reason to fear the consequences of this revolution in naval warfare, and that isthe American republic, whose conflict with rebellion has developed the change. All Europe will be affected by it, and thrones and dynasties will be overthrown; but to a young nation like the United States, whose resources are fresh, it will only prove the means of her naval superi- ority. The chief maritime nations of Europe are already nearly broken down by their enor- mous expenses in raising navies which are now useless to them. Our navy has cost us little, and therefore we can now afford a large ex- penditure upon an iron-armored fleet which will sweep theseas. Even without such a defence, America would have no reason to fear invasion from Europe. Short work would be made of all the armies which any of the great Powers could send to our shores. But it is important to protect our seaboard and lake cities and our commercial marine, as well asto keep open our communication with the rest of the world, ‘The nation that has most to fear and most to lose is the British empire, whose trident, now broken, has ruled the waves for more than a bundred years. Wuat Exoraxp Has Lost sy THe AMERI oan Wan—A remarkable statement has recent- ly been made by the Chancellor of the Ex- chequer in the British House of Commons—an officer corresponding with our Secretary of the Treasury. He says the despatch of troops to British North America, in view of a war with this country, cost $4,250,000. In addition to this, in 1860, the exports to the United States amounted to $108,335,000; in 1861 they fell to $45,290,000—diminution in one year, $63,- 045,000. Still greater than this is the loss of the raw material of the industry of England, cut off by the blockade of the Southern States. Adecline of revenue has also resulted from the war, and, to enhance this loss, it is now admitted that the immense wooden fleet of England, on which so much money has been expended, is useless; and the same is true of her fortifications. This has been de- monstrated by the action in Hampton Roads, and is now further confirmed by the reduction of Fort Pulaski. But what is still more alarm- ing, the naval supremacy of England is in imminent danger, and perhaps the day is not distant when she will lose her high position in the scale of nations, and sink to athird or fourth rate Power, if she does not wholly lose her independence and be- come annexed to France, or at least be generals were guilty of criminal biundering because they allowed themselves to be eur- because pickets wore not thrown out to delay, or at least announce, the rebels’ advance. One journal declared that General Grant was too fast, and another thought General Buell too slow. Allagreed, however, that our victory was not a victory, and that our generals did not understand the art of war. In contrast to these abolition opinions is the praise of Major General Halleck, expressed in the following general order:— GENERAL. ORDERS—NO. 16. Heapquarrers, Deranturxt or Tam Miseiasrrr, Prrrsavea, Teno. , Aprii 13, 1862. I. Tho Major General commanding this 4 ent thanks Major General Grant and Majer General Mi, and tho officers and men of their respective commands, for the hn and endurance with which they sustained tho rt attacks of the enemy on the 6th, ani for the he- roic mapper in which, on the Tth instant, they defeated and routed tho entire rebel army. The soldiers of the t West have added new laurels to thove which they ad a'ready won on numerous fields. If, While congratulating the troops on their glorious successes, the Commanding Goneral desires to impress ‘upon all, officers as well as mon, the necessity of groater discipline and order. are as essential to the suc- cessas to the health of the army, and without them we cannot ang core to be victorious; but with them we can march forward to new fields of honor and giory, till thts wieked rebellion is completely crushed out and peace restored to our sos TIT. Major Generals Grant and Buell will retain the im- mediate command of their respective armies in the field. By commana of Major Geaoral HALLECK. N. H. McLagan, Assistant Adjutant Goneral. In this order General Halleck officially an- nounces our victory, congratulates Buell and Grant upon their success, and exhorts the sol- diers to even greater discipline and more glo- rious victories. We take it to be admitted that General Halleck knows the facts of the case quite as well as the abolition editors, and we greatly prefer his laudatory decision to their fanatical abuse. But our true generals and our stay-at-home abolition brigadiers never agree in regard to the conduct of thiswar. The abolitionists differ with McClellan, with Yal- leck, and with every true Union officer and Union soldier. It is a mere difference of opin- ion, to be sure; but a mere difference of opinion is the only distinction between a loyal man and a traitor. Broruen JonatHan iN THE War Trape.— Brother Jonathan has always been a peaceful individual until his present domestic scrim- mage. He has stood by with his hands in his pockets and watched the wars of the Old World with a curious but not greatly interested at- tention. He has seen the European nations stick to the same old modes of fighting for years, inventing nothing new and improving the old but little. The Austrians have relied upon their drill, the Russians upon their over- whelming numbers, the French upon the bayo- net, the English upon their hearts of oak and wooden walls. Invention had improved every- thing but war. Suddenly Brother Jonathan was precipitated into a fight of his own. He hastily caught up the old weapons of offence and defence, but improved everything he touched. The world has since been taking lessons of him in the art of war. Invention has succeeded invention, until no department of the army and navy bas been left unbenefitted. Camps have been transformed into cities and tents into houses, furnished completely from the contents of an army trunk. In Hampton Roads the Monitor gave the signal for a tremendous revolution in the construction of ships-of-war, and Europe has taken the hint. At Fort Pulaski the fact was demonstrated that stone walle were in- sufficient protections against our improved ordnance. Europe must learn that lesson also. And now, to complete the catalogue of discoveries, we have invented and are now preparing cannon before whose tremendous powers even iren walls will be useless and unserviceable. These cannon will inaugurate a greater revolution in warfare than was ever seen before. By and by the world will begin to acknowledge that Brother Jonathan knows a thing or two, and that he is no raw apprentice atthe trade of war. He has certainly dis- covered more in one year than all the rest of the world in the last fifty, and has only just begun to work in earnest, Let Europe look { and learn for a month or two longer, and wa | will bring out something truly astonjebing, British oligarchy. The Practicability and Probabili’y of a revolutionized by the overthrow of the How true is it that the American war is destined to affect all Europe \ gimost in the same degree 3 the war of inde- ie ae a we pendence did, when it kindled the French revolution, whose influences are in operation ta the present day. If England has incurred great losses by the American war, and if she is yet to suffer more serious calamities from it, she may thank her aristocracy, who fomented the rebellion in the United States NEWS FROM WASHINGTON. Wasuivaton, April 26, 1862. VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE FRENCH FRIGAT® GASSENDI—ROYAL RECEPTION BY THE FRENCH NAVAL OFFICERS. ‘Tho President's visit to the French frigate Gassonds this afternoon was an event of historical importance. It ‘was the first time a President of the United States ever went on board of a foreign vessel-of-war that ever camé to Washington. He was received with all the honore paid to a crowned head, being tho same as usually shown to the Emperor, The yards were manned, the ship wat dressed with flags, and the American national ensigs floated at tho main and the French at the fore, mizzen ana peak. Tho national salute was fired on his arrival ano again on his departure. Admiral Reynoud received bim - atthe foot of the ladder, and the seamen seven times shouted “Vive le President!”’ on his arriving and leaving, Captain Gaudier entertained him hospitably im his cabis and presented the officers of the ship. ‘Tho President was attended at the landing bya fult guard of marines and the band, who played the nations! air, Capt. Dahlgren and the other officers of the yard ree ceiving him ina boay. The President was accompanice on board by the Secretary of State and Captain Dahigrem The French Minister was on board to re ceive him and present his countrymen. The re ception was a gratifying one to the President. and the affair passed off to mutual satisfaction, and was doomed a happy augury for the future amicable relations of the two countrios. EXTRAORDINARY SESSION OF THE CABINET. An extra session of the Cabinet was hold to-day, i which the difference in regard to military policy wa' revised. Gomplaints have been uttered that the Presi dent, at times, refuses to make himself as only an indix vidual member of the Cabinet, with no more than az equal vote with the others, but assumes the prerogatives of Presidont, and treats the rest of the Cabinet simply as advisers, while he determines, after having hoaré their opinions. This course is a little more Jacksonian than has been experionced at the White House for « long time. QUIETNESS OF THE CAPITAL. Tourists arriving in Washington to-day are utterly ag- tonished at the quietness of the city, Until recently the town was filled with military. An innumerable caravan of army wagons was always moving tn the streets, and the hotels were bedlams of noise and confusion. To-day tho strangers who arrived aro wondering at the duinesa which prevails. The society of the capital is made up principally of Congressmon, clerks, contractors, noisy hackmen and mute secessionists. EXCURSION TO OLD POINT COMFORT. Quite a large party of mombors of Congress and repre- sentatives of the Press loft here this afternoom, on an ex- cursion to Old Point Comfort, as the guests of Colone! Sogar, the representative in Congress from the Firet District of Virginia. ‘THK ALEKANDRIANS TIRED OF MARTIAL LAW. ‘The citizens of Alexandria ard asking that some of the restrictions of martial law, by which they have beer governed since tho murder of Colonel Elsworth, may be removed, and that persons arrosted for drunkeaness , &c. may be tried by the Mayor. ‘The citizens are yet subjoc’ toarrest if found in the streets efter ten o'clock P.M. and they complain of this asa hardship, now that ths Tebeis have been drives beyond the Rappanamnock. NAVAL ORDERS AND APPOINTMENTS. ‘The following orders and appointments have bees made at the Navy Departmont:— Robort Pallett, appointed Acting Third Assistant Fogt meer, and ordered to the steamer Freeborn, vico William ‘Leoman, resigned. Acting Master J. N. Eldredge, detached from the Young Rover, and ordered to the Washington Yard. Winthrop Butler, of Boston, Mass., appointed Acting Assistant Surgeon, and ordered to the G. W. Anderson. Joshua W. Crosby, of Orleans, Mass., appointed Acting Master, and ordered to the Boston Yard. Acting Masters William H. Latham ordered to the steamer Klag, and N. Provost to the steamer Philadelphia. RETURN OF THE SWEDISH AND DANISH MINISTERS. The Swedish and Danish Ministers returned to Wash ington to-day. They did not proceed further than Balté more, en roule to Richmond. REVIEW OF THE THIRD NEW YORK CAVALRY. ‘Tho Third New York cavalry wore reviowed to-day by President Lincoln, in front of the White House. Colone} S. H. Mix, late the Lieutenant Colonel, is in commani of the regiment,end Major John Mix has assumed the Lieutenant Colonel’s silver leaf. These officers buve been indefatigable in their exortions to make the regi- ment efficient. In drilland discipline and general excel- ence, it is not surpassed by any cavairy, regular or volunteer, in the service. It will make its mark when- ever it is placed in active servic. DEATHS OF SOLDIERS. ‘The following deaths of seldiers are reported: — Coles Castle, Company D, First battalion New York Mounted Rifles. William Tovy, Company E, Fifty-third Pennsylvania. F. W. Whitney, Company E, First Maine cavalry. Chauncey Peck, Company D, 101st New York. M. B. Kelsor, Company D, Sixth Pennsylvania cavalry. H.C. Wyatt, Company H, Second Wisconsin. Reuben Townsend, Company I, 102d New York. ‘Isaac Cheatham, Company K, 101st New York. Henry Shaler, Company A, Fifty-cighth New York. William 15. Anderson, Company I, Eleventh Pennsylra- nia Reserve Corps. Major Lewis Voln Letton, Fifty-fourth regiment New York. Oriando Hutchinson, Company E, Seventioth regiment, New York. Rovert A. Hickman, Company F, Forty-ninth regiment Pennsylvania. REPAIRING THE DRAWBRIDOE, ‘Workmen are busily engaged in repairing the damage done to the draw by tho collision of the steamer Lady Washington. The wrock of the draw has been removed from the channel, and though the damage is serious, it is expected that it will be repaired in much lesstime than was first anticipated. CONSULAR RECOGNITION, ‘The President has recognized C. F. Adae as Consul of the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg at Cincinnati. WHERE 18 THE INVENTOR OF THE COMBUSTION SHELL? The Navy Department is desirous of learning the address of Mr. Birney, the inventor of the combustion Another Anglo-Rebel Steamer. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. | Loxpoy, April 7, 1862. ‘The Pacific is off with a full cargo of saltpetre, powder, cannon, rifles, swords, shot, blankets, and other war stores, for Nassau, N.P. She {9 the last of the mutual joint stock piratical fleet, of Gladiator fame, and goes out ‘as the last dying groan of English secession. Let me de- ae aaeas Pacific—long, low , pad wane toes Man speeds; Diack,’ with white streak or ead line; Tigh baw: rail liged with brass; guards die steamer. Mutual ‘omy wie rand will give you any de ‘Too late to do harm. Yet these particulars may enable some of our boys down among the islands to pick up a prio, and the Henaip will bo st Nassau with thig before the filibuster. Personal Intelligence. ‘The Vienna papers stato that, on the return of the Prince of Wales to London, & deputation, of the regiment of trian Hussars of the tate Count Schlick is to wait ‘him to present him veith the diploma of his nomi- nation as chief of the regiment. Mr. Adams, United Scates Minister in London, was in Paris on the 12th of April 4 to have loft Paris for Rome on peror ‘anid (Apel 11) that Count Walewski is going from paris Tonada on Lapel mission relative to Mexico. ws