The New York Herald Newspaper, April 24, 1862, Page 4

4 aNEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY , APKIL 24, 1862.—TRIPLE SHEET. OUR NATIONAL DEFENCES. When our roads were few and bad the importance of compolting au enemy to land a day's journey from im portant poiuts was not so striking as mow, when troops va. be placed in that space of time in large numbers be- tween the point threatened and an invading army. In- oriaed by the telegraph, and aided by tho railroads, a commander defending a cowniry possessing so many soldiors as onrs can, ina beief period of time, covfront as many *on-olad vessels as any nation, Without extra. ordinary e%ort,cuuld readily concentrates 2geinat then 4. The creation af adeyuate means Ww em rude from our harbors host''® sinps, armored vessels incl, ed 2. The providing of” suitable means to deta ‘2 invading armies on shipboard, when pear important - ts, a6 f | ficient time to enable an army cf the United be Ste to be transported U0 the prt assaulted. Important the Military Report of 7 g, 9 o mchion ol ois | ‘i »convey | witha superior force more armies than the entire fleets Committee of the House. qcxihe, omairuction of channels ia which @ ° 500727 | Msn cater cnn (rnsaport tt ane Yorage screas 8, wide . Llinois rivers, and from the Atlantic ocean ups °Hud- | ocean. This is on advantage in the defence of a country of very great moment, To achiave it, a nation situated ata great disiance from warlike aad ambitious govern. tmonts, would be justified in making very large expendi- tures.’ If, in addition to this, we maintain respectable son river, into the lakes; and from one lake im ° SUY other. 4. The creation of a fortress on the river St. Lawn a4 The Utter Uselessness of Stone or at the foot of Lake Onsario, of a ty dps i i i », OF Superior a » | fleets and armios, carefully drill a well organized militia, Fortifications. Poatis dlucre, alae eetientseo a Mie Neageed ae oe Sy > | and take care to’ keep om hand abundant munitions of ee foot of ‘Lake Evi of equal espacity. . tho United States would be, practically invulnerable, ceptions to the general remark, that an invading army, landing at any important point in the United \ Statos, could be confronted in afew hours with a auperior vee ave few, and can be found only in the Gulf and Pacific ites, and in those bordering on takes Huron ani Supe- ~The lessening in number, 5. The construction, for (he protection of the Pacific Ocean frontier, of a first class military cormunicat io: between the river Missouri awd the bay of San Fran, io ciseo. 6. A decided increase in our means of building aud re. | ® What the Military Committee Recommend, i pairing vossels-of-war: of manufacturing, testing and | vq”. excoptions are rap “, , * Fepairing ordnance and small arime0r all grades Mud of | ama ita few years will Cpls ed aye of making and testing projectiles of all kinda, and for every | josdy by ogee arena prea ai Ree poe Mr. ¥. P. Biam, Je * Commrtes on Military yom cor on es enlargement of the military and facile, ‘hd as oxten lines of water and railroad oom- AMiirs, yestorday thy) following raport:— naval acadeusies unmediately ufter ie extinction of the | muniea “US 4s the United States. No system “6 om, Tho Committoo on Military rs, in ebedience to a | reoellion and the re-vs'abiishment of peace. And therefiea % Would be periods ae 8 ee resvlution of the House ot Representatives, directing | The constitution and permanant Sauintonauce of an | to ronag — *VAilable, to its greatest ex.ent, this power of thom (© “examino tho whok > s¥stvm of permanent de- | army sud oavy sviliciont in numbers amt excelicnce to | coucentsa “Ps forces rapidly upon any aesailal He Palate feuces.ef tho country for vin + purpose of ascertain: " commund reapect both at home and adroad—e respect | a power Wich our count eee. & 60 ex pets 4 Wat in>ducations of the oly iausy if any, are required | based on rexsonable assirance of Our pkyeical abuity to | wary 'adege %: NO large cougpry’, elther iu ancient or to ree! the improved means uf attack, aud to report by | prompily ropress domestic insurrection and to repel | modern tim 5, ¢¥eF possessed such ample and reliable tor otherwise,” have sivau ¢ bis subject a careful cod | foreign uggres=ion. . means for rm, “ily transferring large bodios of man from Adoration, aud insiructoa me uw subtmis the following re- } Your comimitiee imvite special attention to each of | ome distant $4 M0 t0 another as our own, au Sion port and accompanying bile these points, ‘They wili be considored in thelr order. the great powy tof Such means has never been elfective- Ii In 1861, sftor seareful survey of what had been done, a great war of a defensive character is ly exhibited im, nota reasou fa and power in we vulnerability (all attacks, ¢ ‘seept those of an ex- d the’ ost perfect insurance dog ceful Ration against us to disregard it. its ipherent value ountry where, as all nations well know , ) of ‘a few plages, howover valuable, one of the engiveers declared ib an au official @eport that an examination proved “that the United States, at this Phony ck pot a great | time, possess the best fortiled seacoast in the world.” | theaudden seiman a co bo “angury '4) requires “time | This probably no Tonger remains true; but, if sbili true, | caunot endanger ,ltesTity, oF Seriously ripple. its and thug, aim |S time for pre- | itis nove the less important to us to know whether our | movements, are om Yius to the humblest understanding. ing ‘args moans of dofemes, Hence it has | fortitications Nave sufteiemt strongth to eadure she mo- | Seizues achieved 4 ‘tSteat risk, and promising no d rarely atempted by able leader: onstructed with direct reference to the usefulness of our interior com- far to insure our country ever dern tests to whicl, ip the event of a war withe first class maritime Power, they would be instantly a byectodr Whother, in additi-n to protecting themselves, they cam shield from the assaurts of iron-c! vessels the cities in eors to constroet ssist the greatest by the forces or- rival pations— cisive results, are, ‘Thorough defences, & 4 full development of munications, will ge n of mulitary en} mpetent only tow (be nade snddenty command of powerful the Se tan n ge a 2 ha result is tho ing care that the fortiliogtion. bo capable of | the adjacent harbor? And this brings us to the cousider- | agamst uttempts to rny, “le it, and suc! dargoment to ony desinatte cate MA, vimaking of ox. | ation of the most i:nportant point in s system of defouces | highest wim of a system Posrpigaenitie vod con, rncted for the protection of a water frontier. f OF THR PRESENT PORTIFICAT, 1, Will the fortifications co siructed by the United States on our Atlantic, Pacific, @uif and Take frontiers certainly exclude a large and well organized (eet of ar- jored ships-ot-war from our harborsy Could the (orts, even if woil garrisoned and heavily armed with the beat orduance hitherto in the service, prevent, by day and by night, the entrance of iron-clad’ steam vessels (gcch a3 are now maintained on Ecropean puace establish either one of our hardorg, and from sholiiug the city | hav ted within it? inuine: TRON-CLAD STRAMSEIPS OF WAR MAY RON WY FORTS oe It was very clearly shown by Lieutenant Dabigren, 0 the navy, (ina report made by him io 1851), thata skil ul naval commander of a powertul fleecof steamshl: » Of the line could pass into the inner harbor of Sew York Seif, in despite of the utmost opposition that could be niade by tho forts located at the Narrows. Your com mittee do not believe that tho increased weight ani range since given to orduavca placed inour more important forts has increased the effectiveness of the forts to a The location aud the ch to prevent the landing of. important harbors can onl and to them it should be \ erect the:a, DRINNCRS OF THE A Sand 4. How can the north cessfully defended, especiall, biled, by treaty, from De On the shores of thes many cities and villages, ‘se commerce; these are worthy of special not: iueursien as was Mexico when Hi fleet of lght draught heavih Doats could, in oue short month,» sition that could be made by ea pass up the St. Lawrence iato the city and village from Ogdensburg biow it could sweep our commere cnain of waters, Such a fieet woule tw inflict @ los to be reckoned ouly a the occasion: ver, for a ua- \, population Se, 80, part ‘obees be in fences is wsnally ich demand th 1: nok aare hoor nto forget that, as the science, ‘wemltl Md power of leadin eoverninents ineres a, wLst bh gih of the ordiuary de forgouten that work, on assault one ye, © aud of mechanic @ hostile force on the coast near y be determined by engineers, referred, with instructions to ORTHERN FRONTIRR. .orn or lake frontier be suc- y as the United States aro uilding war vesseis on the @ Jakes the Uuited States and upon their waters an unsheltered by any de- but they areas open to ‘nvaded by Cortez, A * armed iron-ciad gun- 1 despite of any oppo- emporiz! 9 next. n forming an intelligent y Sof Our present system of fro. uni:tee have collectedzand appende orts of army engineers and ma : at of Secretary Cass upou thisa 4 elaborately discuss the subject of ar defences, in all {ts varied bewrings, with ability, and as they are scarce and d Dg of an extra number of them ie st, They are worthy of the attentive evory military mau io the republie, consideration may lead to profitable suggesiions. 3 from (that entire ave it in its power y hundreds of mil- FIRST DEFENERS, i v Be coast fo! n ter ¢ ‘ee th: u as in- 01 of ri 0 7 by ‘us exposed to the ohoas. 2 bid {a ke big bay Gare probabie Hae if, in 1801, tleetof | a blow so effective, Great Brite ger 8 Jost ofthe harbors.on the At! _ 3 | lron-clad steamshivg of ine could foree a paa-age into | deep canal around the great falls of N Be re supylied with small Saar mde Now York harbor, especially if thoir commander wes | single work the entire chain of Inkes wa $ Opened to the vessels. Por- n the St. Law- and thus neu- of them to effect the passage, a Ore! sieainahips, by a similar sacriilce, (and probably single «ues withows sacrifice), cau achieve a entrance of ali British light draught oowm ceiving our ability to erect fortidcatious « rence that might command its channelay img Outof the Freuch revolution of IT89; this ia de- inated by the engineers asthe first system of const 28. eee 7 Similar result in tralize all thoy had done, Great Britaindag — % canal from Flo the war of 112 appropriations a PRESENT SYSTEM OF DEFENCES DEFKCHIVE the toot of Lage Ontario, ona line paralias ¢0 the river, Mifloations, ‘sand there Wea tol a tower sen ecn ligres the, Select iu our praceat ystem of | bat peyond the reach of Amoricam gungyy 2,8, itt OH 4 ~ ‘ont delenc A a! ns ~ a sb o-upon the coast uot provided with cue or oy ee ee kia Bi oa ‘The fortifications | the St. Lawrence below, beyond America®, Von Or Ou? ies iit to protect; they | thus securing 4 chanuel to aiid from the lake these works are calted ‘the dofeuces of the och nnot Protect ihe objects they were specially designed | react ~ mare Geneon! Tecan Cen eee @ shelter against the aacaults-of even afew vessels Occupied by our own vast commercial. entye prises and ik. Gondhe sube of preqsbiantamtamnal oem “d apa, RO’ against one OF tw by violent party conflicts, our people failed: te — uotice, at and srorkmnnship, wens wary [eri “9 ge So far as Can now be discernod we cannot rely on our | the time, that the safety. of our entire nertitem ' frontier icant: wena eee Rat ager my maioatore ttifications for reasonable protection; if they cannot be | had heen destroyed by the digging of tworsto cone. ft, during the war, vest bodies of milltin,at enor. Meiently strengthe to be effective then ‘bey must | Near the head of the St. Lawrence, at: the1vot aes ns superseded by what can be shown to be adequate. A | Untario, the British, is OXPSLSe, coy rug these troops with eatensive lines 1) Couspieie their saprouee, field works.” pa heey this 4 shor coatone without uoneces- } lakes, have built a large nayal depot forthe const one: i asfeqcacy of (hes een even. ¥ delay; Our cities oanaot be left open to sudden in- } and repair of vessels, aud 2 very strong fortress * qnacy o| ameelh sepeks. sven when sited potty principality which has money | tact the depot and the outlet. of tho: lake--etore Which farge bodies of militia, and the large cost of life. and y their weekness occasioned, demsuded and re- ived attention as soon as the war closed pe by or Ul redit enough to build or bsy aa iron-clad hip. W cannot be reduced, ib 18 supposed by themy cra wot fail to perceive that hereafter jeauing maritime . 4 regular approaches,” They have also strove a ng will inaintain, at leost ag a part of their ordinary | ti ce at Mor 1 c&e.,tomaakerd Calle ‘THIRD SYSTEM OF DEFENCES. i. rdinary | thest. Lawrence at Montreal, Quebec, &e.,to ‘ craation of the acme third aystem of troatier destablishiuents, a float of vessols not only able { importaut chanel as safe #8 possible to timsingrom ° Sud 68 ta thos described by General Totwu, Chief Fug!- our foris uninjured, but, armed with the fifteen and | eres: of their ileet=. Ax things now are, a-Britvih Bens United States Army:— fer wh bal bd to pe cenoaueed, Abie. sy could sail from she ocean iute the: lak corastes ‘) ‘a : n ihe forta, In all ages of the world | cizios upon the shores, seize the commerdia! verte « ish nga ee aeatast on tos Sapm donand ‘rapacity have fornd ccoxsion te- plunder | their waters, und thot, in a few days, appaar ot Bost, a eles cities. ‘fo be able to maintain our inde- w York or Now Oriears, to aid ia: gy (ens 2g: st roa on i. es o*, to live in safety, and to preserve peace, our | us on the vccan frontier. ‘Lo place our fro ubiee: ix. Sd ¥ defences must be adeunate to offerd protection | good condition, the United States must pasesasch it ailattecks, oweps thove of unusual andextra. | gn inlet to Lic lakea,aud mast possess the meme to-® | hard aystem, that has been ever and wingm, sews Shall ses)wer | antaam | °Y power. low an enemy's flees trom one lake to auoth erwithi!& ° vk 3 naval dep. w ably the (DMZONAL_persxcem, ease and certainty, We must have a naval dhe, @tor i experience Were associated wi rom ably the of the defects of responding extent, a well secured and as jae i vous ted several years unimierunte tly read system which reeen® eve ted for comme: as well a3 warlike po '|eees.. Bb 9 salve reporis,and submitting, Dnt, f Raye ¢| evealed » Recessarily, bev addition (0 those we shomld have deiencesebthe orm fans of the fortifications needed st the mee Uapertne may pesribly ‘be trance of cach ake which will eMfctualiy Command Bints, Afterward, they were suiicientis ie advance of the in” armoring with iron | them; om the St. Lawremee should be [or : ications, Becutlon Of te Sy ete Ae, ooraslomally ai yand arming she wrth | (aided by floating hacveries necessary) comm ; wtunt to Tn rare cases it has hs; pened shat plans Ne by art. Lewites these | control the channel, however nuneroes host Be ticet chief Hi may be fc nder the particulsr direction of the necessary to add iron. fo defend the Northerm frontier, te Uniu uli. States some cages in whieh, Thus deine rts were aavanced out 9 pein destroyed: for is 1m, with the exception of of Congress, certain treal, and hold them. The possession by the Unired B » the 8y Statet! of the outlets of Lake Ontario, of {Mosteeal sho action ine order advised by the board. y y (hat a simp de constructed possessin: andéts conmunicatians, would cus off all scpplies-from. fortifications were made annually, OF Othe discretion. of 2088 cay Tha given te a first cis fortifioa fhe Canadians, and leave ther to an unsuppartediand ih wa 3 Bat since March 3 sic, the grants for FOF Feport of engineers on means 3, laereto aa aexed.) Possible th entirely 5 the approp:iations ri beng parsion es! na, bofor hepwiess condict with all eur ferces. Such # comiict amid! be asither pros acted nor dangerous. od Por many veargevery new fortiGeation aed. of »riations. been sancite found bess” Unie 1 a Y Nera empires Boeing made ‘he object of appropriatio epdation, of found bes how ever, Oe.a the United States have a oo y-gable chammal from. fa apscial Bct of Congress, upou recom Me oven in Ue 828 Of we nderinl mechauical contrivances, | tesocean to the lakes of ap equal valne with that oar tary Committee. ¥ a qeestia a oF ongiveering,and the Unued } ses@ ed by Creat Britain’ Undoubto:; and a botaor cae, MEANS AND MODE Fs hyya re yy SYSTKM. ‘The committee camnot iter sat oS mode recommended by the Uoard «f Engine ox fofence of tho maritime frontiers of the United Stats and adopted, than by employing the following extract : report made in 1826 vy General Bernard sud a! oilers fidence, the comrmiites recsa: ject to thou, D fully #xec: © hostile tleots trou all Ar Sever. water frontiers. ‘The Erie and Huds-2 canal canrea.iy be so enlargedius Gos liow 0, the passage of a veascl oi Biteen hundred or ev ntwe thousand tons burthen. Whea completedya. ‘var sel could enter Lake Erie sooner frou) New York rare ba ¢than from thamouth of the St. Lawrence, and with. of ( (ho delay aud danger arising from rapide, rocks and. tons am svabls the On@etora aporwont harboron s The committee wiik vtten, members of the loerd:— P Pe Aon expressive of f ie@e, ‘The Illinois river and Lake Michigan canal can be. eed tO CO ater the Pee ee va ~ om thal po Perhaps entioe'y odéeavate, Pg vill more reedi'y aud cheaply enlarged than the Hudvom rr ie Coe te onto the, seahonr: of defence, orig just in character and simyie in Bp ud Eris onid allow @o ocoat vessel {rom Naw States (0 ace ee avuruting asyetem, may be classed 4s cation may Be Um ind to repel the most powerful [4 yrlcags to enter the lakes #7aonth eaalier in the spring fae Un ted Biaies, cone ut Meraceaiions third, tuer'or | fgets anf armawents. We have reason to | Jiban oue entering by the way of the Gull of St. Law- Grimitea one by tand and water, and fours, @ remiss | his witt be found to. ® trve, though om al > rence. A canal around Ningara Falls can be readity Isrmy and wel! organized militia. pe ~pet ya she watare aad ad aracter of those ‘built of any slesirabie capacity. Noither of these chan- vided with suitable estatliehmente nn, and ports Ol fern ich are now undef examiuation, world nels would be within reach of British guns, whereas ®, ms, harborrcationa, detended by regular tru right to} lint American guns upon the bauks of the St. fel with meu and materia’s by IMPORTANCE OF SUIRAWLE DRSENORS Lawrence, thecnly British chaunel to the lakes, belongs. Being the only & poiitien! Swit Sooretary Pole stt:— to the United States. of offensive iteal tt | We must beart she: dete ctlonot someot theay | MILITARY ADUANTAGHS OF CANAIS FROM THE LAKES TO, THE. stitutions, it will a i os unt points atler one cost nase 1@ the GULE y MEXICO, AND To THK NORTH ATLANTIC. van tes high destiny WU lew titieat ons mavis! close expense of Serd.ty' i In the absence of ships of war ou the ines, aud of all AU Lanporiant barbors against an e them to rio expenses Sa saige wang thoes af. ue ras ey them tere from the ocean. the United, ow 2 commercial marin nual deprive Na ai BS 8 511, ws of the projected Kirig out of war, would, withoat * ; 3 ; diablo docks, have to commence t city, | "ine retetions of thisem ‘aent aan ing soca, ww » | HEY, JA Ge ae te cad cota ou,the puot ¢ sponse “wilt det@ng ive works merely bering « Tr oni Delite fest, aliywerl hr of their expense. to diy; ee an eae or navigation from being at | cussion gir sys teqrtte # io pded, nor could it r the orean, Fifth, must cov cone . a Sl to Lake Outario, Mccicn pavigation, by closing the hurbora snd Us RACHICABILATS OF CONSTR AR NOW & De Nand mid from the sea, whieb intersect the line» Ce rent (hereby further aid the Mavy im protecting o objected that it is ilied Me ere rary vend ath, mist protect twe | _ Te, We objected Mat it & oable<or i rty | yout be indispensab tablishments. Taterior communications wilt | Milian off ayer Lake Ovtario aud its he ogea:, Sacre aecesanry supplies of ail s0r neiat da javulnorable, aud so long cam land expeditions be sut our eities from I to every port on the upper & rived States. To harbors of refuge and rendervous, ana the " ary Poinseit re for consirnetion and repair, for (i and the navy; will greaily facil uo to Utica, and naval pediie t @ concrntration of military fore, aD It would aes ee oe Fete eons of every description, and will Ghee their gu ‘aa to mak paired eof domesiie commerc orks nece wary f nthem? Would not the cust a: Periods o ae ‘aid Mr. P 6 of hasiy building, of thorough prote militia, cecrrutonpt shipyards trom th of ivon-clai fects, and the le of the orttence ts composed of los of towns, and of fal yess «la, and the pay and ree reciprocal Tela vith : wt of extra bod roops along tlie wl, hole, const tute ls searoeiy iy exueed, in three mouths, the entire cost of the more @apendent on sonan we one, Withdraw thet ge AL ‘The iirst advantage of. these manive; withdraw ' a wo lu t then, the ‘widacee v 96) A tection, The only i . Piatti for Mia resistance for want of timely 3 our abiity to make one fleet answer fortwo. A third raw fortifications, and there remains only a scattered and advantage would be that we could build ve y Ohio, Misaise rf, Illinois, Hudsor wwith ar experiences of the disadvantages of feebiy tue Hines of th efrom all dang protected frontiers, the United States, though laboring and where labor aud materials would be abundant and dor the burden of a heavy dent, commenced the above cheap. Afourth wivantage would be equally decited: Yoscribed ay stern immedintoly after the close of tho war instoad of being useless tw the United states, oxcept The Board of Engineers who planned the present sysveu: ujon the lakes where built, tha digging of thd canals was constituted for that purpose at _—— first session would enable our var vessels on the lakes, in ten days ‘6 " .o@ was proclaimed. {ter the receipt o' orders, te make their appear * ot nee tea tortie tions proposed to be constructed + Slow Oclouna or Mcbile for'kaval asovemente fn ti { under the new syste, together with estin 20 of ont oes or at New Yeek 10 operate in the Mc ean » will be found attached to | Oe ipiny tue mi! two thonsand miles further to the nortueast 5 Pesce a0! wa iho ongiasers printed with thie, al sake of the powsrtostanarer a bieckeded feet ty & The interior communications desired by soveramaias From three cay nortan pointe unland route from New York to New Orleays, o* trom were macadamized roads; one from Narayan iY | cpon ww attack ba ing the twenty-two ng to New York, is, of i n ine lo ajong the Atiauiic ¢ to New Orleans; another » yours which have @lepsed sine foregoing cogent rea. | advantage in tices of war with a strong maritime lower, tween the saine pointe, but running by the way re m- | one were f but, a6 ©W ¢ wealth and population h advantage ini, in this wise: uid tho ville, another frum Now ( us, by the way of Tennes ave pr y increased, ig reply is as complete ah fest wilter at the naval d ndter tho protec. p06 and Koniucky, to BuiTalo cud lake ors poet arth | vo.day ag it was thon. Tho pu'ints of attack have i: f tho fo wa lis safety aud ounvenience would from Cumberiaud to St, Tuls, Theso, with the ordinary | [SE Me: yy tho apringimy, up of new macts of eo. | ‘ticiate, our dee’, long alter the British feet was ice. yoadaof the country, it was suppomed, would greatly mer second, by the acquisition of Texas and Califor. | bvUnd, could pass down the Mississ'ppi end aid our forces Faciitate the movement of troops and suppries, in tbe anti third, cities in shall¢ w harbors now need strong fexico and Caribbean Séa a third of tho past even war, to the fortifications and naval depots on cee in consequence of/ the recent adaptation of ves. | year, av t to its stal before the enemy the toraral waier frontiers. Neither of tho four wee Geis of livht droaght to halwork of the largess ships.of. | coutd sail frau its icebound harbor. evar built, thou, sums Of money wore expewied | 2)” one ironclad Monifor, though of light draught, | The inst advantage which your committee will name ‘op the last named before it wae Mnally abandoned. cat carry a8 heavy ® g@n as tho Warrior, sudcan as | at this time is the facilities the consis would afford, in Im the detailed plans some error® were wade which safely rum by any & in her Majesty’s dominions, | tinier of peace, to agriculture, commerce, manufactured ccousiuned some injsdiciow expenditures on the fortiliew | PCT Tae arbor beyond, and, in delaneaof anciens | add ihe mechanic arts. \'raetically the r han. tions. These are indicated in the following Fema: le wa faeuns of prevention, commence the work of destruc. | Welof Luv iludson ix exsanded to the Mi The Steamsdip loaded at St. Paul, Omaba, St. Louis, Louis- ville, Memphis, or Chisago, Would transport its thou sand) Gftecn hunted or two thousand tons of produce to New York, Boston or Philadelphia, or any uthor point on the entiro’ coast, at tho pleasure of its owuers, and oxehatge it for every fabric kuvwn (0 the merchant and a report of one of the engiueere in 1861:— " ng the new works, It seems to have bees taken for gfamede tn many lomtraner ch work taut deven! ttasif, without { yuecor from foren@ 6 ‘on re (hue constructed to suaLain the midatof a pepulasion Tk could be drama in tiom, Rot though this altered eondition of affairs lays open to attack fevoral impoftaut points not heretofore on red exp til], ag just remarked, our increased means fully equal the increased demands upon them, Gor country 1% competent to the task of placing the Gonter in & Complete state of defence without being ‘at moments. Oo: daawing \ne deg and stean) rams in 414 0: thw forta; wud 1 eho. abic to piwe w steamy ilegt on the lake 5 @s-docn. f- i the Beard from ‘bear indi wo vf danger, to hor vr entirely aerowe tne | ae an pe site “Whe should bave adequate a xisns ‘of ~ vs le ling into the harbe pr close thom w trausportation at command to be able ww a) Wy, con- ive Mee. dacaa' ut the Cenc i ae ht of tine. va Te ratts, eee A a toutrawe on ihe st. Lawrence a foree of ack: phe ag So omer bast well ob 4 im the execation hostile vessels when in fro wnt » take ion Of the canad and OM Mon- | This order has been generally weil observ direct fire of thet in frou’ 4 compeienuy to lake jossessi |, dowe by them, directly available for military perpases 4nd of tho St. Lawrence, stretching through the lakes, and, by their union with the Mississippi river, to New Ore leans, to Si. Paul, Pittsburg and the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, discloses a most remarkablo featnre in tho geographical formation ot our codutry, and brings.to mind anothor equally singular and important fact often be avoided. rolerred (to by our engineers, and worthy of | sud commerce and by form» ef @ valueble re- | cousideration in this conpection. It is what Nearly a!! officers who resi so to cuter the | mght be culled @ second coast line, created by | service of railroad and steamsiip compar or othe, making o usvigable channel near to and parallel | important concerns, wh ¢ sngenen the | with the coasts on the Atlantic and Gulf, and | government. 1) these r « United States | having numerous connections with thosa waters. Such channel would possess two very valuable proper- ties; it would enable the United States to transfor our ships of war, by a safe and speedy route, in the presence of @ superior haval force, from avy One point on our coast to any other, and it would presdrve our vast coast ing trade in unitnpaired activity throughout tho war, The military value of this measure was urged by tho «1 gineers more than forty years ago, but of late years Con- gress seems to have forgotten its importance. Now that the coasting trade has an annual value of more than three hundred millions of dollars, and it has come to be well understood that unless a belligerent Power can maintain its trade and commerca, money to carry on the draw supplies of educate availad) tor its military purposes. broke inture. have herotofore educated will be wanted hareatier. casualties baye te by taken inte account. We deplore and regret the resiguations of accomplished and useful otteers; the loge by resignation is. however, partially compensated by the conse (vent bunetits te manufacth es possess a valuable reserve 1 offloors i ty and miliuwy yaine of this reserve was de moustrated in the Mexican as well ag in the present war. ‘The moment their country needed their services large bumbers of {hose resivnol officers came forward with rity to serve the country which had edvested thom Tho ‘They cannot the deaths and imjuries rom which to r surplus, The times of war. In their retiremeng many had organize | and trained volunteer corps; when tho war ut they had acquired an influence which enabled thom to easily organize large volunteer forces, which they promptly led to the fled. As in the past it b sever beon thus, it is reasovable to believe it will be so in the ‘Tho freq.ency of resignation should not, there- war will be found scarce and dear, it isto bo hoped | fore, doter us from adhering to our systom, though this earnest consideration will be bestowed upon the impo. tance of an inira-coast channel, An interior channel, be- givning in the Mississippi rivor, above New Orlcaus, cies. opening up the bed of the Iberville river (closed by | States educatod naval and military talent forthe di of our forces by sea and sand, your committee will take occasion to remark that the growing opinion in favor of allowing parents and guardians to educate young men of promising talents at the United States Military and Naval Academies, at their own expemso, seems to be As now constituted, no citizen is permitted to educate his son or ward at these acacto- he may be to defray the entire expense, ant that the pupil! sball in all respects conform to ail thoir rules and requirements, wiles so fortunate 98 to obtain for him one of tho few appomtiuents allo General Jackson in 1812-15, aud not since opened), may be continued along the coast between the isiands and the main land, via Mobile and Pensacola (crossing Florida with a ship canal), Savannah, Charleston, eaufort, Nor- folk, (noar) Baltimore, Philadelphia, New Brunswick and New York (through Long Islard Sound, Narragansett and Bozzard’s bays aud by ashort canal), to Massachusctis Bay. Such 15 the opinion of the engine >rs. Withovt, at this time, entering into the details of the feasibility and cost of this valuable means of defence, your committee will be content to call attention to a worthy of consideration. mies, however willing evi! may cal! fo; proventives ia certain possible contin- Pefore leaving this subject of securing for the United tion Practical pot or two, There is at this time in opera. | ad by law. An able corps of officers, of all grades, and tion, between the lower waters of New York harbor aad the Delaware river, a canal—Delaware and Rariwn— forty three milex long and seven feet deep. It is navi- gated by sinall propellers and sloops. ‘The Chesxjexke and Delaware canal connects }luilade phia, on the Dela- ware, ani Baltimore, on the Chesapenke, It ia only thi toon and a balf miles long, and is ten fect deop. The Dismal Swamp canal ig twenty-two mies long, and con- nects Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle sound. Here, then, is an interior channel, which, whon the coasts have been put into a defensible condition, will bo @ safe one along an extensive and exceedingly important part of our coast from Now London to Beaufort, direct communicating with several of our largost States and cities, To make this extensive channel available botb in peace and in war requires an’ onlargomont of three short and inexpensive canals, of an aggregate length of but soventy-eight and a haif miles. Anoth terior channel of similar importaucs can bo had (by means of the Toberville river and Lakes Mauri- pas, Pontchartrain and Borgne) from the Mississipi river to Pensacola, This would connect all of the citics of the West with all of the cities of the Gulf by an in- terior and protected channel, The cost of tis would be even less than the other, and both might ultimately be extended 30 a3 to become one. ‘Thus, with a few slight interruptions where it might be necessary to venture upon the open sea, an interior line of water communications can be established froin Now Orleans to New York and to Bostou. These inter- ducted in the year by year should their places; as now eou: unable to prepare the better we prepare ¢ officers, the ployment. meais, in the West, avd another quuified by @ thorough preparatory tr: by tho future exigencios of the army an y They will be uaabla, inasmuch as commoreial men, manpfacturers, mechanical establishments and railroads, as tho business and woalth of the country expand, will make iacreasing demands upon educated talent; and the ts f the competition against the government; the abler our ore attractive will be the inducements hold out to them to exchange the public for privateem. of Both arms of the service, ia now being practically educated iu tho military art} their schooling is cou. flold and on the sea in of the cnemy; thoir lessons are expliined aud demon- strated by frequent practical oxamples of the most variod and instructive character, well cslculated to fit (hem to cope, should it ever become uecossary, wilh tho leators of tho armies cf any nation. But, inthe course of na- ture, these in a fow years will Dave passed away, and o succeeded by young ten woll 9 actual presence ng to take sted, tha two academies are 4 : duty tho sharper will be Severo legislative onactmonts will not remedy the evil, but an iacreared svpply will. must we resort if wo would maintain the present hig) charscter of our oflicers for scientific military attala- ‘the committee another military academy be established to be locate! aval academy bo established, To this itor “romod y therefore recommend thit ruptions evon could be protected by powerful floating | to be lecate i in tho Northeast, or that the capacity of the batteries, and our commerce in time of war, oven with the most powerful maritime nations, could make a se- cure and peaceful circuit around the country. ‘The enterpris thiz almost complete water line along the coast—we can safely look to the same source for the accor lishment of much more where nature has done so grout Szhare. Tho governinent may ‘er bo called to do mero than sanc- tion by its aut , in order to insure the completion of this grand design; and yet the very struggio which we are now enduring, against the disssverance of tie Union, marks the conviction of the mass of our countrymen of the essential unity of our country, and the dependence of the whole upon every part; and the seme energy, in- spired by the same sentiment, will somo day bind this bow ligament of strength around the nation to make its Union perpetual. DEFRNCE OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 5. In addition to good harbor and other defences upon the Pacific const, the Pacise States and Territory, to be defensible agaiug! the attack of a powerful pation, must be connecied with the States lying to the east of their mountains by a good military road—by a iirst class, taithfally constructed rattroad, ¢ mpetent to the ready trapsportation of the heayiest ordnance, as weli bodies of troops and their indispensable suppli ‘the present population is too small, and too heel ‘Beattered, to be able to defeud so extensive a frontier against the sident bec be app. merit to entitle eith 8. To place the U sion, Dellion at a big population of more than attacks of a well orgauized naval and laud foces, Their frontier extends f:om the thirty second to the forty-nint& | useful purposes. paraliol of Intituds, acvunteou dogrees, exciuding the in- | of esialis! dovtations and wibdings of the coast.’ To defend it” is not within the physical powey of so few persons. Maus years hence things will be much changed. The war 1812-16 caliea forth considerable efivet: yet we thea had eight uullions of pegplo, A powerful vation could easily detail for am attack upon the Pacific States a mach hi ving evi present establishments be enlarged, and that the Pro- stad to submit to the next C plans for the duplication or tho enla: of individuals has provided us with | ‘Stisutions, togethor with estimates of cost; the President farther report as to the ex) ing to both classes of cadets. as weil th ointed under the present system may be educated at those institutions st th: « their parents and guardians, the opportunity © ing commissious in the army and bavy at [i> academical carcer by requiring a cortan to enter the Bervies os 6 nited States in a fonce, we musi also constitute an and navy entirely aufticient in nuinbers ani excellence, in pePsonact ant meriel, to command the respect of other nations—a respect based upon a consciousness of our being prepaved Lo promptly punish wanton aggres- ngress the be: fof such in: 00K CA maintain an army Hitherto, instead of having an army respectable for its siz, it had been made so unpopular (by artful appeals to our national dislike to maintaia large Leets and armies) as to resist all eorts to inerease our military strength to an oxtent oqual to our actual wants, that traitors wore able locommence, and actually did commence, when the government had scarcely one thousand soldiers east of the Biississippl river, ainid a are- tweaty-tive millions. Forts seomed to have been built for oruamente’ rather thau The ‘doa that one of the chief objects ing the Univn wes to “insure domestic tran- quillity”” had come to be considered a ‘glittering genc- ratity,” quite inconsistent with state rights. The stir- nis and triais of the paat twelve months have, at a cost of rivers of blood und a thousaad millions of dol- lars, thoroughly dispelled these wretched but once popa- lur delusions, We now see clearly how w: wore the jorce than was employed against us in 1812. earnest recommendations ef our roeiliiary autho- Itis not wise, therefore, to stake the gaiety and im | ilies. Had they been heerted in 1836, When the cpendence of ‘tho Paciti¢ States aud Yerritory upon | Treasury wes so fall Usat Congress deemod their infant resources. Nor is” it pradent for | it proper te divide a — considerable — portion us to rely upon our ability to send them troops | of the public = moneys among the —gaveral acd supplies by sea, around Cape Horn, or aeross the isthruus through the territory of @ foreign nation. Sach w roliance would subject us to tov much delay and ex- pense, and expose our reinforcements to too many casual- abies of all kinds. A good road wouid be soif-austainin a xd ultimately might, under jadicious manay in \burse a portion of its first cost. [is censsuring to ra lect that, if its great cost is evident, so the numorous bea efits which would flow from the road wre equally in- utable, Instead of repining at the necessity which jon of throg canals aud # ailroad nal ‘tefenees efeient, the mation li. 6 s&reats cause for soif-gratulation at havi g oceasion to con- Struct 30 few—has great reason to be prow of (hat ind! viduals enterprise and egergy which, without national @id,bas created #0 taany thousand miles of comuoreiai oumna ‘cations of the first order ny levencss aut eiirianey , Rot only for the purposes of commercs, but shou! jive hundred thy nivety-one, ne expenditures! equal to the uimost An inc perform. ‘orborne (rom engagécg in War; but Giherwiso, Low reauily could they Nave been seized! vost of the defences, how amail the cost of taining the garrisons, eompared vith our presen> the pres@ut rebellion probebly had not occurred. id haye hal two forta where we now haveone, (of alt would have beoa but ebout thirty-one mil and dollars; tweir peace garrisons word have been tive thousand nine hundred and iosty Po idbarhs their war garrisons sixty-three thousand three ved and With ‘our forts garrisoned, € o protect our immefise interior Territories against the humerous [ndiau tribes who voanr over them ia a work {ores Of ONL present regular forces, and more than they haye hitherto been © of the regular aru adequate to the proper getrisoning of our froutier de- pie properly to sw aur extent Covgress. On also so a ‘imirably adapied for the military purposes of | fe under the revised #stimates which baye become the govera ment. “Tha unstimulated otlorts of peacetul | necossury, is thurefowea military necessity wach cannot ersizens fa" peaceful euds have oreated for tie United | be prudently overlooieet nor megiectod States age ater and more complete system of vommeani- | this p int & careiu! olit.ase should be cations, wa t locate’ and welt able board of euginesrs ‘The preservation of » grentor biessing taan quillity, ted for inéitary par poses, thams ‘Ly Created by the mixhtiest military nawons led and stime lated by the mightioss warriors of any age of the world. Whileso ma ich has been done tor the goverment’ by its citizens, aa d so much more is: likely hercaiver-to be the goverpma it has abundant cause of thapkininess that so little of consequence remains to be done by it self, aud shoul proceed to the execution of 129 tastoawith J sent force 18 en upbrsitating ale srity ahe ocexsion wh The building @f Agrert road (rom st. Louis tersan | she nation with a nays Francisco consoli dates the nowor of 4 Shales: i Your eomuunittes bh: mobilizes the aver OF ihe United States. ly eo, ength, that our font but it would y cause Lo be populated (hose nine therefore he rons fertile valleys eXiat.ng awl (hose wouderft! inewa- fS afford protection of tain ranges whid) oor mueps erranovusly re: it has Deon urged t Vvasbares of dewlation; ib woatd thus those of otler nati providing hardy sourtaineers wot like! of our people arde Surrender of tlie keys of the Golde reason that cin be properly urged countiy in @ state of deienes, your eommitdes early construction of a good aid relimble ruad Missouri river Wu the bay of San Fr It may be propor t to a judicious increase a@bouldt be prov ide tiom, insist Ling, exteniv nod bi Be oper ui eottloments in the feet valley of the Colurado of the West, and "pon the water's Of Paget Sound, «re also innveratively denvandars, by the. | military interes intorasty sa Beontie 7 Unt iOas, C8 Pee nthe 8 fa lange war, iofenders of the coneb.on. the h gans can be fabricated, it is aw® iously doubted hor sip# can be bui.t wh a’ in, forpny considgrabie time, the concentrated fr@ of a large tort nations, ew the path indicated by that p ite nance and with improved projectilew should b authorized ar r a oy the formance of it. Thesum | theartisan. This would infuse new vigor tuto al! in- ‘greatly ineresemn ‘he cont of theworks, | ot %l Sr eeeee fLognsod would, probably in one | dustrial puranits, and benoit all portions of thie groat ne ey costly aul we le day eaciin | inonth, far more than enffice to piace our fron. | evutity. It is batloved that if eighty wn horse, boats akemeio pal esatminer acyve.nted wi i, Ne eee eens capes tater a poumese by she United | piers, ins forlecdly oe 4 ge Ugh eg fe two Indeed ton steamboats, being subjected to frontier ie, of course, excepted in the above remark. eaten, ore should required for pay eno i pao of tee ara wa sn socurily againet asoault by sslade, | But, if Om acientitic investigation, the enginears and | less expense FL a oem, SOD 8 Pe Nough higher ‘Dut on the whole there seams to be liitia to regret. On | nayal officers shall ascortaiu that adequate uational de | tolie to suprert deeper sanats of grosses Coal soje: tally dias contrary the sugineers seem Wo bave shown remarka. | fences cannot be cousttucted except at great cost, the cero he deep canal could (anseol, They ought, ‘Die competence and aplitide for their ve and most | works will yet have to be built, however unwe vee arenas the, to reimburse their first cost, the burden; unless, indeed, the nation is prepared to renounce ite titne-honored maxims, and consent to owe the security of tte frontier cities, abd the seourity of a commerce which has become aa wide spread as the world, tothe mercy and forbearance of its maritime bors. de faving shown that the first step to take to secure our tien. Binge the initiation of the third system of frontier do. fouces, forty aix year® have paced away. in that period the condition ef the country hus been greatly changad, Brean boats, railroads canale, teleyraphs, steamships and froo ships, increased wealth and increased, population, giro new slements for the consideration of the ‘. ‘The old works of defevce on ovr coasts, with reason is perceived, from the money poiut of these exceedingly important military chan Harnot be du There and other cousiderations which need not be enn. morated, most of which relato directly to the miliary value of these avenues, induce your commitiee to urge the construction of the canal from the foot of Lake Mick. water froutiors from the casualities of unexpected assault, ‘ i (he falls of S fold armaments, are u* equal to tbe new means of | ‘sto construct detecces, permanent and floating, which | gam to the Mississipp! river Mt tree ie hn ae wk, Judging from tho ability of our unarmored | are competeut to resist any sudden attack that can = Meeps yee tena onl of the State of New York, to destroy the fine granite forts of the Chives, it | read: y be mace with sueh menus As are ordinarily in t joul ae te ae That State and its commercial capital proms al iy that any considerable umber af one for | p asession of an onemy, your committee believe that the and the proba commercial capital of the nation), will ‘Pifications could long resist the con Ated re ofmany | ext step in importance iti (whieh js also wade motive for the ealargeweus of Aileen inch gone of w eas of heavy abipsthoroughiy | 2, To proviie sucié moans of defeuce of the const near the means @svale equal to the other works, and as frometad. If {nadequate to such resistance, our ontion ortant harborg as ell compel hostile vecsels to rio cau om be completed by the general govern- fn all ite (boreaeed sirengtl, a tensurably as do'auce. | yy a Point at some distanon fromthe hurbors at hey ea be | a fineiabark troore: thus affording to us tive 40 | ST chain of interlor water oommunications, which Loree artivet ot che 08d. MORO MA BAYARCE | can op qanliy be exvantiened (rom the Day OF New Ferg by Congre The knowlodge whted our oilicers on iand | dial aud. sea now ning felative to the power and value of tho sev clases ae vod or Specially quatifies them to wise upon the n structed powerful fortificatie of fival guos and projection very — intelligently, Thoy have powred from the theories of th: closes | moment's cotica, to the practical teste of the Watue Meld, and will return with matored opinion# as to (Me actual value of tho weve. ral leading fvatures which distinguish tue best of new inventions. Solid progress has been made, and we must avail ourselves of ttin all that we do horaafter. improv ractwr Uy uy Love peace, and ad Tancing aching as though other nations were actintod apine and © nquest? Your coutitiee are not it fa jinence which advan if of Californi poiaadle low suuce: ily aud bea the iumesdiate F coast. Juaiciuns } of these allies wou! armed wiih them. Balls of ahall ion wf sight, chrown with | out of danger of collision. Hi the proper velocity, se 2G at the sama mo- | are ever clad in armor; and ea ment, would probally soon destroy Way y hitherto | opinion that the more comp! devised, Special experiments wll this class of ord. | more likely i peace to bo m luteneas of the French arsenals of consirretion! Hritish navy yards are bewildering i@ their immensity. The mere Larracks, hospitals and storehouses of these nations have been erected at acost equal to that of ail our fortifications on five thousand tiles ot coast. quised from aa sual experience, igh nations is not a of domostic trau- more with, mad the maiatencuss of a well appointed army aud navy, suitable to "ar necussitios aud our mows, will orfully aid us in the nroser ation of both. Sirilar views naturally pregunt theuayy, and ® roporsitherron ton early’ day; much of its pre ¥ temporary, sad will disoppear with emiseives iagelation se ondesvored to show, at some Le are defootwe, an oded. SO as ch wo gan rely mmpared w aad the grear nas Fespe vilizatic th’s time of teavy taxa the the work of consirue: Why insist our aly by 4 and comme 18 mata the earth rprising and highly border we h snee? What m at Bermuda a Pacitic coun. opening A fortilied channel tor he from Lie , ve lakes wpou oar d leys to Gan Frau mA Pent a Law northern Crentier? If in the history of Great miles Gast of Sats bauky of : nba found to justify the supposition that crameato, ’ gyration vineke Canada an independency, and thus § thy unt, awea\ beighbor against the ggrersions of w would justly would nob be sesmly to + doiensive ability yroper to diaregard the wise maxiws of power to quickly a Our northurn (routicr mits present devcacsioss and ex pel asaaulis; it wor jon, But if the contrary, tho wh: tho road to the Mt ves Great Britain seeks to i yinstord of vornment aid ab y wuing, her dor and, in the event of war, woud buid it prousiy dofeud them, then it becomes us, Like other INCREASE O¥ ARMS 8, (0 pul Our ‘routiers intoa condition of security 6. Tho evonts of the late Pussian and & more th accord: ith the dictates of good sense, anda | well as those of out own, raveal to 1 sound mai it the neossaity ot adeciird norense of The feu n England end Frauce avy yards, a Hoestabiishment of cay upon | be mi more in imate tative during the past ; Ue osiabli ory bh CINE BIE Lal of years than, probabl been before in several construction at @ point as safe fro io apyiw@ ch ag | centuries. They have unital in lavying war agwinst ites ig the arsqual st Watorvilet, 4 Jet acoteel io by | ala, against China, and agaiust Mexico; aud to increaso both boats auc railroad alice from tho Interior af a trom | their intimacy have even chanxyed the ‘tari systeins of era Ceontiers; @ good natiowal dat tho respective countri Yut never, in ten couturies, nd ng aoconsiDle as the araoraP 4 Last 1.01 between them been so carefully studded national a s lucatod with fortideations, loe $1 60 regardfil of miti- roase in the pumber, qu 5 lary selence, so vst, as Curing the past for artiing forte and * vegss ton yours, Kach ith the other in build- he numbor, qu and, ew go of ¢ ing improved and model ships-of-war more tormidable inuskots, carbings and pistols; an ine sed eaya- | than the world ev w before; aud enol has main arscnals of repair and of deposit. A marked ine | tained armica at home and abroad ,t ra of which ¢ in the weight and range of orduang?? aade for use | are onumerated only by bentr sands. Such is in fortifications atud ard i partiot arly desirae | frivndsla ug tho mest highly elvilized nations of le, aud, it te thought by mavy wha havet ivon the sub. | this age, hen jt agsames tue form of Intimacy. ject much attention, is easily attainable. * fy good twenty. | Ag in the nt cf & mar t between other uuhesitalingly puraue onal interest, where: cever ght chence to lead, thoy may be svid to be never 0, ike their ships, they f Shem seems te be of he armor of both, tbe intalned, and the more likely is thely fricadship to continue intimate aud cor- ‘Yo keep tue peace, each of these intimate frienda, wstead of relying on the eiviliaation and Christianity h bo eminently distinguich their peoptes, haa cor us, built many ships, and raised aud maintained many ¢oldiers, ready to fight ata How amazing the capacity aud com. ‘The Not # gun should be made, nor Sek, nor ® ‘e:tifcation | tj Such is the practice among the wisest nations of our butt, in strict accordance with the rules of the mili- sary art, aa modified by the recont revela.onaui exve- rience, Ail elo is waste MILITARY AND NAVAL OFFIORIRG, 7. In addition to the construction of fortifications and Advantages ships and the accumulation of approved arms and of mu- nitions of war, wo reust, to insure sugcersful defence, se. times, tly repining at that entorp: British Neste ‘an exclusive and a fortified channel Into the ad your committee consider that it would he ex- ceeding y dangerous to dysrogard it, and weakly allow a powerfu: and litigous neighbor advantages against which d sense revolts, We mug make av: acorresponding valine, Instead of iu- lable, at an early rise which has opened to cure an unfeiliog Supply of seleptific and tuoroughly } entire ehain of the great North American lakes, thus wn. tra officers. in this respect &@ would be neftuer cre. | covering ditabio nor safe to fall beliini auy ovher ‘The ad- yo uiages flowing from placing flees and arinies under an | So, also, if & {ote} igert direction heed pet be enumerated toan Ame. inst tho rican Congress nor to tae American people. ‘The ouly question i, how la the best manner f hie js @ diMoult question tr , ately Ye afllened, in, geuerai Worms, that twigs as Thany 98 Wo to be hereafter incapable ya ge and shrengthen gue orks, and face them with iron, ur extended Northern frontior, the United States must unhesitatingly imitate the spirited exampio. volution im the art effet of anos renders our forts inadequate 6 duty for which they were designed, instead ot sitting din | down to bowail our misfortone, or halting to consider sChothor nations have not provectir ie ships ‘become eo good and #0 just as f coing ua a wrong, We must ight dealing united are well caloulated ds. Tt was well said, @taneary day, by our engineers, Neither ou. geegraphieal position, nor our fo vearaace, nor the euity oF au ‘ean always avail vs under the relation in whieh {t is destiny to staud io the reat of the World. Weare admoniaed by bistory to bent in mind "hab War cannot at ail thmes be avoided, however pact be, our py and that notling will on terrapled peace than that siate of prep cotton whic exposes uo weak point to the hostility, and offers no gratifl cation to the enpidity of the over nat-oas of the earth, Crodlulity, procrastination and helplessness haye ru ined many nations as well as individuals, Wo must not only perceive and recognize what is proper and jude cious to place our system of (rontier defences in a comdi: tion calculated to insure our safety and independence, Dut must seriously and perseverivgly act in earnest ac cordance with our matured opinions. Congress munt not only make appropriations, but make them at the suitable times and in suiliciont amounts, Lo bo most ef. fective, appropriations must be not only adoquate, Iso timely and conseeutive; else, idie lands and w Of materials will result, a’ huretofore. in unnecessary losses. Iu the construction of ships aud fortifications delays increase their cost. Vorethought and prompt tude, faithfulness and integrity will, atau early day, at Aroagonable cost, call iio existence «i mirable defences: of the excellence of which our uation will be proud. The committee report herewith cevaral bills intended to carry out such of their recommendations as have not already been brought before the diouse by this and ite other committeesfand ask for their reesiamendationa Such considerations a3 tho importa: the subject de mands, The Bill Providing for a Commission ow Coast and Harbor Defences. Wasuinoton, April 23, 186%. ‘The bill reported from the Committee on Military Affairs to-day authorizes and requires the Presidout te convene @ Board, to consist of two officers of the corpa of engineers, one ordnance officer, ono artillery, twe officers of the navy, two membors selected by reason of thoir scientific and practical atiainmests, and ap oMcer of the corps of engineers as secretary, whose duty it shall be to examine and con sider our systom of seacoust and take fortifl. cations, with special references to such changes as tay bo necessary or advisable because of tho introduction of new elements of attack and defence; to exiumine new do vices for defence, and test by experiment such pointa iv the construction of fortilications as the Poard may think necdful; the Board to report to the President, for trana- mission’ to Congress, ils conclusions and results, with such supporting information as may seom appropriate, The Proven: may, if in bis judgment the exi goncies of che ‘country require it, order the work recommended by the Commission to be commenced and prosecuted without the previous assent of Congrees. The bill further provides that the amount appropriated at this session for fortifications shail be expended, under the direction of tho President, upon such defensive works as shail be recommeaded by tho Commission, and authorizes the President to accept any sms of money loaued or advanced by the soveral States for the coustruction of defensive works for the protection of the States, making such loans upon such terms as shali be agreod upon between the proper aa thorities. Tho Board is also required to examine and consider the Propriety of constructing a navy yard and depot on the Northern lakes, of a foundry for heavy ordnance, and algo an armory and arsenal of construction west of the Allegheny Mountains, and for #dditional arsouals of de- posit pat repair, and shall eubject them to the approval of tho Mesident, locate the samo at suck points as shall, from purely military considerations, appear best for the eecones of the country. ‘The bill also provides that there shall be added to the purobor of cadets at both ihe Military and Naval Aeade. a number equel to the proscnt number allowed by the existing law in those schools, to Le selected une from each of the Congressioval districts and Territories by the Agademic Board trom among such applicant: ag shall apply for admission, aud who upon examination shall be deemed br qualified, provided the sumber addded shall have all expense defrayed by pareata and guardians, who shall be required to deposit with the Sue perintendent of the Academies each year the ostimeted amount of money necessary to pay all expenses fur one ear; the cadets being subject to all the rules aud roguia- lutions established from time to time for ihe government of said academies. Brooxtys Horticurrona, Soctery. @ spring exbi. bition of this society commenced yesterday, at tho Aca- demy of Music, Moutague street. The show of flowors isan unusually fine one. The exbibiiion will remata open uatil Saturday. Exmmrrion yor Laviss.—Dr. Colton gives ono of big exciting exhibitions of the laughing gas, for Iadics only, at the Cooper Institute, this afierncon, commencing at three o'clock. Those entertainmonts have becowe very popular and are always well attondad. Eplscopal Church Etections in Baitt- more. Jasoes Gorpos Brxserr, Nonok ov tam Her sip:— Deak Sim—Owing to a great exeitement which occurred here yesterday in Grace and other Episcopal churches up- on the occasion of an election for veatrymen our much be- loved and loyal Bishop Whittinghans became much ex- cited, and declared that he would deall in his power to put down troagom tu our midst, and wonld consequentiy in futare decline confirming any candidates for member- ship or administering communion to any member of the Episcopal church who was unwilling $9 take the oath of | allegiance to support the constitution of the United ‘Staies and the administration. This ig a move inthe Tight direction, audi an exampie set for all good and loyal bishopa and other churchmea to follow, I hope you will @ this public ng your paper, and that all other bishops aitwutod as Bishop Whittingham is may follow hisexample. With very few exveptions ali the woulthy and intluential traitors of this city belong to the Eprscopal church, and-bave caused most, if not sll, our seeont iroubles, aud she Bishop has adopted the only course left hit to killall infuential treason. Yours sin- oerely, LENO. Baviimore, April 22; 136: Grass in the Park. VO THE WMTOR OF THE HERAL: New Yors, April 23, 1962. Can you not wake up the City Fathers to ‘the im partauce of replacing the ¢ 4e., ovound the tri- emgnlar spaces ia the City Hail Park, and thus offer the gress some inducement to show itself, which would re- eve the eyes of us Gothamites whose lot it is to tnaverse this part of cnr goodly city. RUS IN URRE. Seobat Mater. TO TNE EDITOR OF THK. HPRALD, ~ New Yor, April 24, 1962, Stabat Mater, RA M, BRINKERNOFP Court Calendar—This Day. 2 Cneurr—Part L—Oyer and Terminer, #5. 1800, 1450, 2085, 2058, 2080, 206: 2080, 2082, 204, 2058, 2090, 20 i term—The Hackley contract Covey.—Part 1—Nos, ¥ . 1187, 108%, 211, LBL, 659, 1928, 37: 1773, BOAG, 1508, old Dumber, Part 2—Nos, 24) 1650 » 2770, 1848, 3618, TS, 1282, 1414, L740, 1370, 516, NEW PUBLICATLO: “F OW TO MAKES MONEY BY ADVERTISING; A ERAUTIOAL MAN'S ADVICE.” Sent for one tare ROBERTSON & CO. uy address. wat, Now York elty TS AND nye roe, ke ever —ENCLOSE 1 is Callin, stition A nd you. printed eupy of the Be e the public, UBLICATION Aves 10 € you Aiud sine: will pinee.t i TABLISHED CATHOLIC PUBLISHING Lb House of EDWARD DUNIGAN & BROTHER, JAMES #. KIRKER, 5M Brondway, New York, Hiatt he largest and most complet © of Oatholic er Books, In various on Devotional Works, ind inigoellaneos i holt yand in New York, always on hand, and th cow for canhs JAM 4 KER, 69) Broadway, up stairs. RESTAURANTS. REEN TURTLE SOUP AND STEAKS JUST AR- rived, =KELLY haa just reosived three splendid Greea Tarties. trom. Key West, whieh he will serve up Lulaevening at his place, Ure Turtle Cin Houre, No, 4 Geeat Jones stiest. Faw plied. EXPRUSSES. Indie London, eteanier, Paris, Hamburg, 5 Untied ocu LISTS AND AURISTS. DISCHARGES FROM THE EARS, shroni> Ludanimatto all diseases of the eye tnd ear: also nervous atiection arth, the fre quiet cause of deatners, cared by Dr. GRAVES. Consulta tlon free, persons! “200 LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION, T THE OLY STAND, EZEKIELS CAN STILL BB AT catia to pay: {rom $8 to $98 for silk dresses, from $7 te $35 (0; coats, froma $2 60 10 Gi fo pw Hire, Jewelry, we, A note by post pasieitially ait nul RUERTRES 1a Seventh wante, Gotwoen. Nineteenth an ‘Twentieth sireets, La Wed to by Mes. B LARGE ASSORTMENT OF HOUS! A thre wt private sale. at & sacriiice 7 Pianoforte, cos for $220, In Inding Sloot Y Parlor Suit for do. $80; Boocouws, Burenue Genin ‘Tables, Extension Taplen, uitet, Carpers, Mircora, Paint Jugs, Clocks, Bedsioads, Matirasats, de, ar ‘hall dhe brigina « cont, Apply nv Teeviy-sath etree, near sith avenue, 008.—FOUR YOUNG PUPS FOR SALR, SEVEN D ‘weeks old, full bred coach treed, worl spated. Gan ie goon at No, 86 Goerck stro, New York, for two days, of Gniiigold, A rare chinue for Coacumen an others. MeO Nes, B NUNIOK, EL hes removed to 08 Oar aive siroet,