The New York Herald Newspaper, January 13, 1862, Page 8

- THE MILITARY ACADEMY AT WEST POINT. Present Condition and Full Statistics of the Professors, Graduates and Expenditures. WHAT IT HAS DONE FOR THE COUNTRY, “ &e., &e. &o. While Washington was still in headquarters at New borg, N. Y., the army of the Revolution being not yet @isdanded, he addressed a letter, on the 14th of April, 1783, to Baron Steuben, from which the following is an ‘extract, and a like letter to each of his principal offieers:— a* My Dear Baron—A committee of Congrose is appointed to consider what arrangements it will be proper to adopt fm the different departments with reference to a peace. ol. Hamilton, who is chairman of this committee, has Written to me on this subject, wishing to know my senti- ments at large on such institutions, of every kind, for the ‘wterior defence of these States.” Washington solicited ‘and obtained the opinions of the higher officers with Feference to such institutions, and these views were em- Dodied in bis report to Hamilton. Col. Pickering, then Quartermaster General, combatted, fm his reply, the idea of establishing military academics Mf the different arsenals in the United States—a scheme ‘that bad gained favor with sotte of the officers. He says ‘that such an academy “ at this time must be grounded @m the permanent military establishment for our frontier posts anc arsenals, and the wants of the States, separately» ef officers to command the defences on their seacoasts, On this principle it might be expedient to establish a military school or academy at West Point. And that a competent number of young gentlemen might be induced to become students, it might be made a rulo that vacan- eles in the standing regiments should be supplied from Mence—those few instances excepted where it would be ‘fast to promote a meritorious sergeant.” Im December, 1798, Washington brought the subject of ‘the establishment of a military academy before Congress fm bie annual message, and in the following year some @epe were taken towards instructing cadets of both the artitiery and engineering arms. The academy was Dot, Dowever, established at this time. In his last message, December, 1796, Washington again ‘urged the subject upon Congress:—‘‘Whatever argument may be drawn from particular examples, superficially viewed, a thorough examination of the subject will ‘evince that the art of war is at once comprehensive and @omplicated, that it demands much previous study, and ‘that the posscesion of it, in its most improved and perfect State, is always of great moment to the security @f a nation. This, therefore, ought to be a se rious care of every government; and for this purpose an ‘academy where a regular course of instruction is given is an obvious expedient, which different nations have suc- cessfully employed.” No immediate action, however, ‘was taken by Congress. Tn November, 1799, General Hamilton submitted to the Secretary of War an elaborate plan for a military acade. ‘my. This plan is found in volume y. p. 379 of Hamilton's works. From the time of his serving on the committee ‘of Congress to this period he appears to have given the subject a careful study, and his plan is so thoroughly ex- Baustive that we are compelled to assign to Alexander Hamilton the honor, among many others, of being the father of the academy. Besides submitting his plan to ‘the Secretary of War, Hamilton also forwarded a copy to ‘Washington, who was then in retirement at nt Ver- ‘Ron, and it is an interesting fact thay the last letter ever written by Washington, as far as we have any informa” tion, was his reply to Hamilton, and upon the subject of the Military Academy. This letter was dated December 42, cn which day he contracted a cold from exposure on horseback toa storm, and the illness thus caugod ended bis life on the 14th, two days after. In 1802 Alex ander Hamilton’s plan was adopted by the Secretary of War, James McHenry, aud was recommend. ed by the President to Congress. 10 proposed that the Academy sbouid consist of four scnoois—the fundamental school, the schoo! of engineers and artillerists, the school @f cavalry and infantry and the school of thenavy. It provided for a director general and directors of the diffor- eat schools; also for six professors of mathematics, four professors of geography and natural philosophy, two pro- fessore of chemistry and mineralogy, three architec's, four designing aud drawing masters, one riding master ‘and one fencing master. In 1802 Congress passed the act establishing the Milita- ¥y Acalemy. The President was authorized to organize Soorps of engineers, to consist of a majer, six assistants end ‘‘ten cadets, with the pay of sixtcen dollars por month and two rations per day—the number ofthe whole Corpse at no time to exceed twenty officers and cadets.” “eThe said corps shall be stationed at West Point, in the Btate of New York, and shail constitute a military acade m™y—the principal engineer to have the superintendence Of the same; the Secretary of War to provide the neces- ary books, implements and apparatus for the use and Denefit of vi Jefferson, President the said institution.” Ap d. Thomas (Laws of the United States.) West Point was c! geen, probably on ac sen from the very first, as we have mt of the beauty of its natural gest mi ii , Webb and Wy! y Kose:nsko and Gr — Putnam, had rendered West Point, tary school was now in its infancy. Its Bret officers, appointed vader the act of 1802, were us fol Jows, viz.:—Jonaihan Williams, Major aud Superinten- Gent; William Barron, Captain and Professor of Mathe matics; Jared Mansfield, Captain and Professor of Natural and Experimental PhHosophy. ‘The oniy students were James Wilson and Alexa: Macomb, both First Lieutenants, and Joseph G. Switt Stanon M. Levi. both Second Lieutenants at the time. two former, Wilson and Macomb, were drafted fromm omy, and went through the regular course at t emy. y. In 1863 the Secretary of War reported that there at Wert Point se engineer offic French, one surgeon's mate, ele non commissioned f thousand do lar 8 and were appropriated “for the purchase d mstruments for the War Depa: Acagemy.”” In five y was swollen to twenty tiv - rowth in the wants of the ineti- mare, plans, book: @red dollars, showing a tation. In 1808 Col. Williams, Chief of Engineers, reported to Thomas Jefferson as fol is institution was cs. | tablished at West Point in the yeur 1801, rnder the direc. tion of @ private citizen, and was nothing more than a mathematical schoo! for the few cadets that were then in * As more recently organized, “ the Major of Engineers occasionally read lectures o ations, gave lessous in the field, and tanglt the use of instru: Monts generally. The two captains tanght mathematics. During the last year a citizen of eminent talents has been employed as principal they shail not be abi Mr. Hassler was “ alrendy the coast.” «In short,” Academy, as it wow stands, is fag among the mountains and f sight, and almost unknown to ite legitimat 1410 Secretary of War Eustis reparted that there were at the Academy one Culone!, five Gesistants (officers), one Professor of French, and one of drawing, forty-seven cadets, (forty. bree of artillery and four of engineering). one artificer and righteen privates. Upon the recommendation @f Thomas Jefferson, inade in 1808, the Academy was Sally enlarged, and ‘its efficiency greatiy increased, by Got of Congress of I812. It wos provided that the Mill tary Academy shail consist of the corps of engineers and the following professors in widition to the teache he French langunge and drawing already provided for,viz, — One professor of natural and experimontal philosophy ono of mathematics, one of engineoring,and each o these fo bave an assistant taken from the corps of cadets. Act of 1812, Sec. 3.—'That the cadets heretofore ap in the service of the United States, whether of ‘artillery, cavairy, riflemen or iufautry,or tat may fature be appointed as hereinafter provided, elall at no time exceed two hundred and fifty; that they may be at tached at the discretion of the President of the United | Brates, as students to the Military Academy, and be eub- to the established regulations thereof; that they shall arrange’ into companies of non-commissioned officers nd privates, according to the direction of the com meandant of engineers, and be officered from the said eorpe, for the purpore of military instruction, that there shail bo added to each company of cadets four’ musicians, end the said corps shall be trained and taught all tho @uties of a private and non-commisioned officer and officer; be encampe: at least three months of each en taught all the duties of a reguiar camp; that ates for cadets be not under the age of fourteen (now Sixteen, in 1961) nor above the age of twenty-one years, that each cadet previously to his appointment by the President of the United States shall be well versed in pon Aad] and arithmetic, and that he shall sign Se canine consent of hia perent or guardian, by which Ii shail engage to serve five (now eight) years, ‘unless sooner discharged; and all such cadets shall be en: to and receive the pay and emoluments ($30 per io nog | now allowed by law to cadets in the corps of on i the exception of the corrections made above, this ‘Sot is atill in force, and gives an excellent description of ‘the organization of the Academy at the prosent time, The same act provides that a calet at graduating, if f —rerporg receive “a regular degree trom the Aen ical Staff, after going through all the claseee,”’ and in @ase there shall be no vacancy in the corps for which he ‘8 candidate, he may bo attachod to that corps by brevet @f the lowest grade, ‘a8 & supernumerary officer, until @ shall occur. ‘vacancy The sum of $25,000 alto was appropriated for buildings ne, library, implements and contingent expenses’ illiame, who was the first Superiotendent of NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 13, 1862. 5 in that until hig resignation, the Academy , served capacity ‘Swift, the eenior oiticer of the Engineer corps. 1 1815, however, it p ut should be Inspector of the it the ae upon its affairs. No arm; 4 mitted to senreien sneer the Academy snail inate to icf 8. ‘The following extract from a letter of Mr. Crawford, then Secretary of War, to General Swift, gives us some insight into the internal affairs of the in 181 “The regulation requiring the unmarried professe teachers and assistants to eat with the cadets is be- lieved to be conformable to the general usage of colleges and ought not to be considered onerous. T understand also that Captain Partridge is himself a bachelor, and, of course, subject to this regulation.” The object of this rule he also states to be to “ protect the cadets from imposi- 4 & i: tion”? at the mess houses. Captain Partridge served as Superintendent for a brief period, having been previously the Professor of Engineering. He re his commis- sion afterwards, and established privato military acade- mies at Norwich, Vt., and Middletown, Conn. ‘The professors, officers and cadets reported in the Army Register for 1516are as follows, viz:—Jared Mansfield ,Pro- fessor of Natural and imental Philosophy; David B. , Assistant; Andrew Ellicott, Professor of Mathe- matics; J. Wright, Assistant; Aiden Partridge, Professor of Engineering: Samuel Walsh, Surgeon; Adam Empie, Chap- jain; Claudius Berard, Teacher of French; C. E. lier, Teacher of Drawing; Pere Thomas, Sword Master. Num- ber of cadets, 252. Prof. Manstield was a distinguished and able instructor. He was appointed to the \eer corps by President Jef- ferson, whose atteution had been attracted to his publish- ed essays on mathematics. He served as Surveyor General, from 1803 to 1812, of the Northwestern Territory, and he was the first to apply the system of rectangular co- ordinates in laying out land. Hoe was made a professor at the Academy siz, in which position he rendered high- ly acceptable service for sixteen years, He died in Cin- bie) 4880. y 18 Thayer was appointed Superintendent of the hie SIT. He had studied at the military schools of France, and possessed superior accomplishments as well as @ genius of high order. Under his supervision a more strict discipline was enferced at the Academy, the course of instruction was greatly enlarged, new and im- proved regulations were adopted, the library and appa- ratus were increased by important additions, and the eS efficiency of the Academy was much advanced. Board of Visiters of 1824 remark, when alluding in their report to Col. Thayer, “Of whose attainments in science, as well as of whose dili , Impartiality and economy in the administration of the affairs of the Aca they cannot express themselves in terms toostrong,”” and proposed to confer on him the rank and emoluments of In- spector General. Colonel Thayer discharged the duties of Superintendent sixteen years, and was then appointed to ‘ision of the important fortifications in progress: in the harbor of Boston, Mass., including the new Fort Warren. His ago and infirmities have now placed him (in 1861) on the retired list. During Colonel Thayer’s superintendence the Academy ‘was indebted to Professor Crozet for the int ion of the French analytical mathematics, of the mothod of to- Pographical representation of nd by horizontal courses, and of the use ‘board at recitations. In 1816 the plan of appointing ® number of distinguished citizens to serve as a Board of Visit- ers and report upon the affairs of the Academy was first adopted. In this year also the distribu. tion and rank of the graduated cadets in the different corps were made to depend henceforth on general merit in studies as decided at the fnalexamination. The uni- form was also prescribed, which was similar to that now worn, with the exception of tho hat and cockade. Milita- ry instruction at this period was given only practically in the field. ‘So highly appreciated was the Academy at this time that it was proposed to establish others similar to it, and Mr. Calhoun, the Secretary of War, in @ communica: tion to Congress in 1819, suggested plans for organizing = or more academies for the Bouthern and Westcro States. Major Douglass was Professor of Engineering eight years; he resigned in 1831, and was afterwards the Lngi- neer of the New York Croton Aqueduct and President of Kenyon College. Professor Mahan, his successor, had visited France and pursued his studies at the Military School of Metz. He is well known as the author of seve- ral valuable text books upon military and civil engineer- ing. The important office of Commandant of Cadets and In- structor of Tactics was created at the Academy on the sug- gestion of Colonel Thayer. This officer is charged with the command of the battalion, and with the instruction of the cadets in all the rules of military police, discipline and administration. He has four assistants, who are quartered in the cadets’ barracks throughout the ac demic year. Daring the encampment the commandant and his assistants are quartered in camp. The com- mandant prescribes the order of arrangement of the fur- niture, equipments, &c., in the barracks. He has au in- spection once a week. | Ju 1828 Charies Davies was appointed Professor of Math- ematics, and served with distinguished ability during a period of fourteen years. He is the weil known author of the series of West Point mathematical text books, which ave arranged in sume degree after the methods of Bourdon, Legendre, Biot, Lacroix and other French au. thors. i During Colonel Thayer's superintendency, by act of CONZTESE OF SiS, We Military Academy Was proviied with a permanent chaplain, who was made the *‘profes- sor of geography, history ‘and ethics.” The study of chemistry was algo introduced, and was taught at first by the surgeons of the post. The poet Percival held this otilce for a short period, and it was a‘ rds filled for tour years by the eminent botanist, Dr. Torrey. About this time, also, the names of the first five who are calied “distingtished”’ in each ciags were ordered to be pub- lished annually in the army registers. It is remarkable that host; t against the Academy during Colonci Thayer’s superiaten- dency. Perhaps the increase of expenditures was the cause. In 1821 it was moved in the House of Representa tives ‘‘to discontinue the pay and rations of the cadets and discharge them from the academy,’ but the motion fajled by a majority of eighty-vine. Major De Russy succeeded Col. Thayer as Superin- tondeut in 1833, and served five years. Major Delafield was appointed his successor in 1838. Major (now Colonel) Delafield evinced excellent ad- ministrative abilities during his Jong term of service at the Academy. The disciptine of the corps was well sustained, great improvements were made in the course of studies and tactics, aud im attention to the health aud comfort of the cadets. Col. Delafield found that the graduating class was in the habit of borntug their furni- ture, a8 Yaie boys, perhaps, once buried Eueli cured iron bedsteads and greatly reduced this source of tax om Several of the present edifices at West were erected during his administration, gas introduce’, and the post greatly cadets’ pay. Point and water pipes beautilied. Col, Delafield was relieved from the Superintendency in and was ordered to the harbor of New York, having rge of the new Fort Kichinond, Staten Island, and other works. in 1865 and 156 ho was ordered to the Crimea as chief of the Commission to observe there the operations of the belligerent, His able report, chietly upon fortifications and coast defences, bas just been pub- lished. His successors were Capta orton, Col Robert FE, Le ral) aud Major Barnar of French was, by ac », and the present « tes converse weil in this language. ary text books at the Point are studied lovel Delalieia was ordered back to West Point again Superintencent, and retnained until the Ist of March last, when he was relieved by Colone| A. H. Bowman, of the Engineors, who is now ju charge. Colonc! Delafield is at present in New York, aud is giving his attention again, we believe, to our mst defences. Before Mr. Foy resignation of the War Department, on the 29th ot cember last, he had ordered Major Beauregard, wuo had in charge for several years of the forts the harbor of Grieans, to West Point and me command tendent. Beauregard did not come, how poston ihe foilowing Wed: meanwhile, had not yet left the F ot arrived revoking former orders, and restoring him to the Superintendency, Beauregard was in command xt ‘West Point five days. Albert E. Church, who 18 now the dtstingvished Pro. fesoor of Mathematics at the Military Academy, was ap- pointed in 1888. He is the author of several mathe- matical works, and has maintained well the standard of instruction in this important department. Robert W. Weir, N. A., Professor of Drawing, is a cele: brated artist, the painter of the “Embarkation of the Pilgrims,” which is in the Capitol at Washington, and of other pictures of a high order. By act of Congress in May, 1846, 2 company of sappers, miners and pontoniers was d_to the Engineer corps, consisting of one hundred men, who should aid in giving tical instruction at the Military Academy, aud be Rabie alo, to serve by dotachmnee # in overseeing or aid- 1 ing laborers on fortifications. the Mexican war, and thoy a In 1851 Chief Enginoer Totten reported that t employed during the year in their proper dri cise ind studies, aud greatly asristed, by constructions and labors, tm conveying to the cadets’ inetruction in va- rious branches of practical military enginecring, includ. g the making of saps, trenches, fleld batteries, maga- ines, platforme, &e., and in the laying and taking up ponton bridges. ' The company i# in @ high state of dis- cipline and instruction. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, The firat hulldinga which were ocerpied by the cadets were the old soldiers’ barracks of the post, which had been built ws early as 1704, and were destroyed in 1817. They stood near the present site of the hotel. Since then the old north and fouth barracks, the mes# ball and the building known as the Academy have been repiaced by newer edifices, The present cadets’ barracks form a beautiful and imposing structure, situated on the south side of the plain. It is haif @ quadrangle or parallelogram, presenting xs longer facade to the plain, It is four stories high, and i# built of granite in the Elizabethan order of Gothic architecture It is warmed with hot air, lighted with gas and suppli with bathing apparatus, and has been erected at a cost of about $150,000. It was completed in 1861. It furnisheg ample accommodations for four hundred cadets. Next to the barracks is the Academy building, which is styled eo because it is occupied for recitation rooms; the engineering ball, which is @ museum of models of fortif- Cations, bridges, engines, arches, &c.; the minorniogical cabinet; the drawing ball, which js well filled with ca dete’ paintings; the chemical laboratory, the fencing hail’ the gymnasium and various public offices. It is a beawii- ul building, montly of red sandstone, It is 275 feet lon® by 76 wide, and is three stories high, with a basement, It wae erected in 1838. Beyond this edifice is the small Sy chapel is the observatory Lis library and Peg a plier goer pile, and distance the Hudson. It is of the Elizabethan ‘was built in 1841, at a cost of $50,000. new equatorial telescope, which was on the eastern tower is a valuable constructed at Munich, under the Professor Bartlett, the able instructor in and astronomy; in the west tower is irele, ‘iated to the cabinet of philosophical apparatus. ibrary in June last 19,125 volumes, which are chiefly on scientific ul bjecta. ‘A. ypriation of $1,000 is annually devoted to the increase of the library. ‘There are portraits on its walls of Jefferson, Monroe and Calhoun; aigo of Colonel Williams, the first Superintendent, and of Generals Swift, Armistead, Macomb, Gratiot and ‘Yotten, There are ‘busts or medallions of Washington, Harrison, Lafayette and Napoleon the Great. Cadets may visit the library to read, and on Lagerinn afternoon they may take a book end quarters, which is to be returned on the succeed- ‘The mess hall is an elegant structure of granite, erect ed in 1350, situated on the street leading southwards. Tis ining hall is usually taken for the extemporized dancing partics known as ‘thops,”” and the officers’ “mess” for the grand ball. The cadetg’ hospital is situated below the mess hall, The artillery laboratory, on the further side of the in, is an enclosure having an inner court and three ‘atories in the northern wall. Here the cadets manu- facture musket, cannon and other cartridges, fuses, port fires, rockets, shell loadings, grenades, &c. The courtyard contains sixteen links of’ the iron chain which was stretched across the Hudson in 1778 to intercept British fer hee up the river. ‘The links are about twelve inches wide and eighteen long, and the bars aro about two inches square, There are also several brass cannon, which are trophies taken in war—twenty Bri- tish and ¢ passer Mexican, | The later ane labelled at Yera Cruz,” “ Captured tesey,"? “ Sou al Chepuliepec,” &e. Tue numerous other Paldingis chiefly stalling houses are the residences of the professors; officers and soldiers on duty at the Point, ‘The Secretary of War reported the force at West Point in March, 1861, as follows, viz:— Commissioned officers, 22; enlisted men, 116—total, 138. Besides theso, there are nine professors and teachers on duty at the academy. new and spacious riding ball, of franite, situated @ little below the eastern boundary of peing was erected in 1854, at a cost of $20,000. The stables in the rear contain about seventy horses, which are used by ‘vhe cadets in both cavalry and artillery practice. APPOINTMENT AND NUMBER OF CADETS. By the act of Congress of March, 1843, it is provided “that the aumber of cadets, Dy appointments hercafter to be made, shall be limited to the number of the repre- sentatives and delegates in Congress, and one for the Dis- trict of Columbia; and that each Congressional and Terri- torial district and the District of Columbia shall be entitled to have one cadet at said Academy: provided that nothing in this section shall prevent the appointment of an addi- tional number of cadets, not exceeding ten, to be appoint- ed at large, without being confined to a selection by Con” gressional districts.” If the Academy were full this would give a total of 250 cadets by the census of 1860; but by reason of the vacancies in the seceded districts there are now only 193 cadets in the Academy. Probably Congress will, in December, make some provision for filling these vacancies. ‘The Board of Visiters in March last, of which Prof- Charles Davies, of New York, was the President, reported to the Secretary of War as follows, viz:—‘ Almost the only expense attendant upon an increase in the number of cadets to four hundred would be their pay. It is re- commended, therefore, thatan immediate increase be made to this extent by authorizing each Senator to nomi- nateone cadet in addition to those to which the Con- gressional districts are entitled under existing customs, the balance to be made up by appointments at large.” Also, ‘‘it is believed that the present mode of appointing cadets is attended with many evils, and is liable to much abuse. If, instead of a single individual, the member from each district should be allowed to nominate a large number, who would be examined by an impartial com- mission, much of the difficulty would be removed, and a higher grade of intellect in many cases secured.’’ Col. Delafield has reported the parentage and condition of cadets as follows, viz:— Parents. ‘1847. 1867. Farmers: 67 52 Mechanics. + 2% 22 Judges or lawyers + 30 29 Merchants see 2D 26 Boarding house keepers. : 6 1 Physicians i +19 ” In Army, Navy or Marine. 1B 20 Clergymen.......++++ 3 4 In civil employ of government....... 2 u Bank officers, editors, professors, en- gineers, masters of vessels, &c.... 36 13 NGAI siacasinccss.seoeess 2 20 CONDITION OF THE 84MR. Moderate circumstances 182 196 Reduced circumstances. 38 — Indigent circumstances . » 8 1 Independent circumstan 4 v Unknown circumstances. - - Total..... sesenes . 232 24 Without parents livin sy 1 ARMY PROMOTION AND THE MERIT ROLL. ‘The cadets on graduating are attached to the different corps of the army in the order of their “(general merit,” as determined at the examination in June. By or- der of the War Department the arrangement or pre. cedence of corps for assignment of merit at presén- is, first, the corps of engineers; second, the topographi- cal engineers; third, the ordnance corps; fourth, the ar- tillery; fifth, the infantry; sixth, the ragoons; seventh | the mounted rifles, and eighth, the cavalry. Of the class of 1860 there were promoted into the engincera, two; topographical corps, two; ordnance corps, two; ar- tillery, seven; infantry, twenty; dragoons, three; caval. ry, four; mounted riflemen, one. ‘This “general merit’? upon which p ‘motion de. pends {8 @ numerical expression for merit in studies and demerits for offences. Tho iormer are marked on a scale from 3 to 0, and the latter from Sto 1. From the cadct’s total of merit in studies & substracted a certain ratio for bis demerits. Thus, if there be two cadets in a class of equal standing in their studies, the one who has the less demerit ranks is tho higher in general standing. And if it be fair in such @ case, it would be fair for No. 10, for examplo, to profit in promotion by his carefuIness, and for Nos. 1,2,3, &c., to take lower promotion for want of care. Promotion, then, does not depend soleiy on intellectual resuks, but upon these united with that attention to details which is of the greatest importance to the good soldier. Indeed, the grasp of details as well as a knowledge of theories is, what characterizes generalship. Napolecy and Wellington were remarkable for the possession of this faculty—a marked absence of it unfits a man to mand armies, It is eid, for instance, that an important expedition against the Indians was delayed few years ago because some one had forgotten the tar buckets, and the wagon wheels were smoking from friction. Captious objections, there- fore, against such reports as these:— . Demerite. not pean 4 ingpection....... oe seceed me of roctunfate not on orderly board. 1 Fioor out of order near washstand. a ‘ag neatness and attention to the Coat unbuttoned on duty. —are frivolous, inasmuch Fmaliest details are important parts of the discipline of youths like the cadets. Many of these demerits are taken Off, if it is proper, by the commandant. When a cadet’s demerits have reached one hundred in six months he is Jeciared deficient in conduct and is dismissed. Tho re- mark which is sometimes made, that there is no distine- | tion at the Academy between “acts wrong in them- selves and acts wrong because prohibited by spe- cial regulations” has no force as applied to the subject of attention to details and the whole make- up of a soldier. The country demands a severe training for ter future gonerals, Major General McClel lan stood second jn general merit at West Point, This is the best commentary which can bo offered upon the sys- tem of merit and demerit which has been devised at tho Academy. It will not surprisejthe readers of the Hearn to learn that Mr. John B. Floyd distinguished himself, whilo Se- cretary of War, by regeeae to the corps sixteen worth- less fellows who had Becn recommended by the professors for dismicsal, One of there restored ci ‘8 had even de- fied the authorities of the Academy altogether, and was kept in confinement ; others had nearly an equal contempt for ruilitary authority, and others still seemed to possess no capacity whatever for acquiring the course under the most favorable cirenmstances, Great demoralization in the corps has been caused by tunis act of the late ‘ary; but Comgress has since for- bidden a restoration under such circumstauces. PUNISHMENTS AND OFFENCES OF CADETS. ‘These are of three classes, viz:— Ist. Privation of recreation, &c.; extra duty; repri- mands; arrests, or confinement to room or tent. 2d. | Coninement in Nght prison; confinement in dark prison. Sd. Diemission, with the privilege of resigning; public diemiesion. ‘Those of the first class may bo inflicted by the Super. intendent ; those of the second only by sentence of court martial, excopt in case of mutiny or breach of arrvet, Cadots who shall have tn their possession intoxicating liquors, or be found drunk, or shall go beyond cadets’ limits without leave, or shall send or accept a challengo for a duel, or shall strike another cadet, or shall be guilty of conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, ghall be dismissed the service. No cadet shall use tobac- co on duty or in camp, barracks or any other public building, or have provisions in his quarters, or be absent from his room between tattoo and reveille,or reveive supplies from bis parents or friends, Other offences are specified in the regulatio ‘Thoge ruses certainly appear very stringent on paper, yet te notorious that they failof their effect, expecially in Togard to cadets’ limits. This is no fault of the profes- sors; they cannot be expected to devote their time to majntaining @ system of espionage night and day upon the endets. The following item, which appeared in the newspapers of October last, evinces that there is a defect in the aystem somewhere -— Cadet James Seabrook , of the West Point Academ; deen dismissed the service, having abrenied himsoll quarters on the evening of September 26. Cadet Captain John A. Knees, convicted of being out of has ‘om cadets’ limita, is sentenced to be deprived of his office in the corps of cadets, confined to the light prison one month, attending 10 all academic duty drilis, abd to the limite of the plains until pn , 1862. Cadet Henry Ledyard, same offence, to be confined to light prison one month, and every Saturday and Sanday unti! Jaauary 1, 1862. We are of opinion that the great deficiency in the discipline at West Point consists in trusting this discipline too much to cadets. It is by the connivance of the cadet sentinels that the gressest violations of order, including often drunkenness, are caused at West Point. If, then, the number of cadets is to be speedily D as is proposed, to 400, the country will demand a groater stringency in disetpline, especially in regard to absenco from cadets’ limits. How is this demand to be met and the defect we have pointed out remedied? We answer, that the time has evidently cometo surround the post with a wall, and station at the gates and at other points army sentinels. Kgress from the Point must be mado more difficult. The best prevention of intemperance is to remove the power of doing wrong , and not have resort to that most painful remedy, a disgraceful dismission. HOURS OF DAILY DUTIES. Reveille at five o’clock A. M., from April 1 to September 20; at half past 6 A. M., from the Ist to the Slst of March and from the Ist to the Sist of October; at 6 o'clock A. M. during the remainder of the year, Roll cal immediately after reveille; police of quarters; cleaning of arms, accoutrements, &c. ;inspection of rooms; thirty min” utes after revoille roll cail, study. Surgeon’s call,a quarter before 7A. M. Peas-upon-a-trencher, signal for break- fast, at 7 A.M. Troop and guard mounting at half-past 7A. M., in barracks; at $A. M., in camp, Claas parade at $A. M., when recitations bégin, and ‘continue, with i, til 1 P. M, Class sections are ms by equad marchers from their own number. ere arg é0me cavalry and sword epre Reh a ns.M, oe ast Beof, signal for dipner, o'clock. From din- pee ual 2P. 3, recreation. tion’, study, drawing, cavalry and sword exercises. From 4to6 P.M. are military exercises for instruction every day, when the weather is favorable, Saturdays and Sundays excepted. econ ‘and Retreat at sunset; supper after parade; re- creation. Call to quarters, thirty minutes after supper; study. Tape, signal Yor extingaishing Vghts and inspection of ps, 6 for extingu: ooms,at 10 P. M. in barracks, and fifteen minutes before camp. Inspection of battalion under arms every Sunday morn- mg, when the weather permits. Church cail half-past 10 A. M. on Sundays; also on the same day there is call to quarters at thirty minutes after inspection, and at 8P. Mm ‘The calls for breakfast and recitation are made with the bugle; the other calls with drums, excepting evening parades, at which a full band is in attendance. Military rule, it ig seen, provides seven and eight honors sl for the cadets, according to the season. There must be no “burning of the midnight oil.” ‘Kind na- ture’s sweet restorer” is not neglected. This is a whole- some regulation. Dr. McDougall, the suri West Point, has declared that ‘‘the training at Academy is ‘eminently well adapted to the physical developement of the cadets. There are no indications of mental oe ae cal overwork.” Allenjoy an excellent degree of THE ACADEMIO TERM, STUDIES, BTC. © Candidates for the Academy must report themselves to the Superintendent between the 1st and the 20th of June annually, and are examined in the last fortnight of that month. No one shall be admitted who is under sixteen or more than twenty-one years of age, or below five feet in height. There is a surgical examination. In 1854, and previously, tho term of study was four years; from 1855 to June, 1861, it has been five years. ‘The Secretary of War has ordered that the period of study shall be for four years during the war. \The course of study published in the register of June, 1861, and cor- rected for four classes, is as follows, viz:-— FIRST CLASS, Military and Civil Engineering. cation; Notes on Permanent Fortification, Attack and fence, Mines and other Accessor’ Mahan’s Civil Engi- neering; Notes on Stone Cutting; Moseley’s Mechanics of Engineering. Mineralogy and Geology.—Dana’s Mincralogy; Hiteh- covk’s Geology. Law and Literature.—Kent's Commentaries; De Hart on Courts Martial; Rules and Articles of War; Weber’s Outline of Universal History; Deciamation and Compo- sition. Practical Military Engine-ring.—Practical instruction in fabricating fascines, sup faggots, gabions, hurdles, gap rollers, &c.; manner of laying out and constructing gun and mortar batteries, field fortifications and works Of siege;formation of stockades, abatis and other mili- tary obstacles, and throwing and dismantling ponton bridges. pacts of Arlillery, Cavalry and Infantry.—Rules for the Exercise and Manquvres of the United States Infantry; Practical Instruction in the Schools of the Soldier, Com- pany and Battalion; Practical Instruction in Artillery and Cavalry. ‘Ordnance and Gunnery.—Practical Pyrotechny; Ben- ton’s Course of Ordnance and Gunnery. SROOND CLASS. Natural and imental Philosophy.—Bartiett's Me- chanics, Acoustics, Optics and Astronomy. Chemistry.—Fowne's Chemistry ; Electrics from Miller’s Physics of Chemistry. Drawing.—Landscape. Tactics, Strategy, déc.—Cavalry Tastics for United States service; Rules for the Exercise and Mancuvres of the United States Infantry; Tactics for Garrison, Mahan’s Field Fortif- 8 and Field Artillery; Youatt on the Horse; on Advance Guard: Outposts, —&e.; Jomini’s Art of War; Thackeray’s Army Organization and Administration ; Army Regulations ; Extracts from Mc- Ciellan’s Military Commission to Europe ; practical in- struction in the schools of the soldier, ccmpany and bat- talion; practical instruction in artillery and cavalry. THIRD CLASS. Moathematics.—Davies’ Descriptive Geometry ; Davies’ Surveying ; Church’s Analytical Geometry; Church’s Dif- ferential and Integral Calculus. French Language.—Bolmar’s Levizac’s Grammar ; Bol- mar’s Verb Book; Agnel’s Tabular System; Rowan’s Mor- cean he pt =A geo os ise? ‘ Spanish.—Josse’s Grammar ; Mor: Progressive Reader; Ollendorf’s Oral Method. ‘Dravwing.—Human figure ; topography. Tactics.—Theoretical and practical instruction in the schools of the soldier, company and battalion ; practical instruction in artillery and cavalry. YOURTH CLAS. Ma'hematics.—Da vies’ Bourdon’s Algebra ; Davies’ Le- gendre’s Geomets+ and Trigonometry ; Davies’ Descrip- tive Geometry. English Studies and Literature.—Norse’s panty one Bullion’s Grammar ; Vocabularies by Professor Frencl Roget's Thesw-us of English Words ; Parker’s Aids to English Compesition; French’s Practical Ethics; French's Prefixes and Suilixes ; Weber's Outline of Universal His- tory ; Sargent’s Elocution; Composition and Declamation. Tactics.—Theoretical instruction in the schools of the soldier and company; practical instruction in the schools of the soldier, company and battalion; practical instruc- tion inartillery. Use of ‘Snail rme~lestroction in fencing and bayonet exercise. ‘At the annual examination in June the graduating class is promoted into the army. From the termination of that examination to the end of August the cadets are en- camped on the piain, and then the instruction is exclu- sively military. During the remaining period of the year instruction is given in al! the courses of stucy. UNIFORM OF CADETS. Gray cloth coatee, single breasted, three rows of gil, Duttons in front; stand up collar, Vest for winter, gray cloth, single breasted, gilt buttons; for summer, white—not indispensable. Trowsers for winter of gray cloth, with a black stripe, one inch wide, down the outer seam; for summer; white drilling. Cap black, round crown, seven inche high or more, in proportion to size of cadet, circular visor , black worsted pompon, eight inches long; cap plate on the front. The government furnishes the cadets with all their supplies. A cadet’s pay is $30 a month, and from this sum he is to be provided with his food, cloth- ing, books, stationery, mathematical instruments, bed- ding, room furniture, lights and military equipmenis, ex- cepting arms. PROMOTION FROM THE RANKS. Thesystem which has prevailed for many years of granting commissions only or chiefly to graduated cadets j8 decidedly anti-republican and injurious to the service It was not contemplated in the plans of Washington, Ha- miltan and Pickering above roferred to, During the pre” sent rebellion, however, there has been a great change in this respect. The President has already commissioned about thirty meritorious sergeants, and has left vacan- cies for others. There have been commissioned also from civil life in the regular service 690 new officers who are not graduates of the Military Acadomy. This also is an evil, aud might, if carried too far, be greatly itfjurious to the army. ‘hore-is something wauting, therefore, to complete the education of this class of 8, ‘We would suggest the arrangement of an eclectic course, like that which is seen in many colleges, from the studies at the Academy, and that such appointecs, includ- ing meritorious sergeants, study one at West Point yoar in such a course, They could attend the recitations which are held for the cadets, ‘This would obviate all objections to promoting men from the ranke, Colonel Jonathan W Colonel Joseph G. Sw! Captain Aiden Patri 16. Colonel Joveph G. Swift, 1816-17. Captain Alden Partridge, 1817 to July. Major Sylvanus TMayer, 1817-83, Major Rene F. DeRuesy, 1833-38, Major Richard Delafleld, 1898-45. Captain Henry Breworton, 1846-63. Colonel R. FE, Lee , 1868-65. Moor J. G, Barnard, 1866-67. Major Richard Delafield, 1867-61. Major P. G, T, Beauregard, five days. Major A. H. Bowman, March 1, 1861. (Presont.) PROPRSSORS OF ENGINERRNG. (Act Of 1812.) Peter C, L'Enfant, 1812, (declined), Captain Alden Partridge, 1813-16, Claude Crozet, 1817-23. David P. Dou 1923-31. Dennis N. Mahan, January 1, 1892. Present.) PROFESEORS OF NATCRA'. AND EXPERIMENTAL PIMLOSOTEY: Act of 1812). Captain Jarod Mansfeld, vencher, 1802-12. Captain Jared Munsileld, 1812-28. Edward H. Courtenay , 1829-34, Wm. Bf. ©. Bartiett, April 20, 1836. Cent. PROI EMORS OF MATHEMATICS, (ACE Of 1882.) George Barron, 1802 Captain Wm. A. Barron, 1802, Francis R. Hassler, 1807-10 Captain Alden Partri’ge, 1818, Andrew Ellicott, 1813-20. & + Bailey, 1838-57. Henry L, Kendrick, March 3, 1857. (Present.) Rev. Adam Empie Rev. Cave Jones, 1 Rev. Picton, 1818-25. Rey. ©. P. Mellvaine, 1825-27. Rev. Thomas 1828-88. Rev. Jasper Adams, 1838-40. Rev. M. P. Parks, 1840-46 Rey. William T. Sprole, 5 Rev. J. W. Prench, August 16, 1856. (Present. PROFFSSORS AND FIRST TEACHERS OP DRAWING. (ACt Of 1846.) Francis De Marsou (Tyacher), 1803-8 C. E. Zoeller (Teacher), 1808-10; 1813-19. ‘Thomas Gimbrede (Teacher), 1819-32. Charles R. Leslie (Teacher), 1883-34. Robert W. Weir (Teacher), 1834-46, fessor. Robert W. Weir, August 4, 1846. (Present.) PROFESSORS AND FIRST 1BACHERS OF FRENCH, (Act Of 1846.) Francis De Masson (Teacher) , 1803-12. Florimond De fowyrose oey' , 1812-15. Claudius Berard (Te: cher), 1818-48. fessor. Clauding Berard, i pS , 1848, (Present) PROFESSOR OF PANISH. (Act Of 1867.) Patrice De Janon, July 1, 1857. (Present. Commandant of Cadets and Instructor of Artillery, snied | Cae ae Tactics, appointed August 26, 1861, nC. C. rr. wugur. at Superintendent of the Military Academy has the local rank, pay and emoluments of a Colonel of Engineers. ‘The Commandant of Cadets has the local rank, pay and emoluments of a Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers. The Professors are detached from the army, and receive each the salary of $2,000 per annum and a house. Most of the assistants are army officers, who are, with but few ex- | coptions, regularly changed according to what is the “four years rule.” This rule applies algo, in some degree, to the Superintendent. All of the professors officers and ‘now at West Point aro graduates of the Academy, with the exception of the professors of a Drawing, French, Ethics and Spanish, the Sword Master and the Surgeons,’ ‘The number of officers and eoldiers at ‘the post is given e. TOTAL OF GRADUATES TO SEPTEMBER 1, 1861. ‘The following are the statistics of the graduates of the Academy, from its organization in 1802 to September 1, 1861:— Total number of graduates. Resigned or declining commissio: Died in service. Killed in battle. The above estimates have been compiled from full files of the army register and full files of the registers of the Military Academy to the present time, and are believed to be accurate. They do not, of course, include as in ser- vice those graduates who, having resigned from the army, are now serving with the volunteers. No similar compi- lation, from oficial sources, has been prepared since ANNUAL EXPENDMTURES. The expenditures for the Academy in 1859 were:— For support of cadets. For current expenses, & + oT For pay of officers, instructors and professors. 24,255 82 Total expenditure for 1859..... ae -$160,131 61 ‘The total exponditure for 1860 was $175,691. This in- cludes about $9,000 for building purposes. ‘The total appropriation made January 5, 1861, is $184,337—of which $9,260 are for new buildings, appa, ratus, &c. ‘The table presented above for 1859 displays about thy average expenditure annually for the Academy. It is even a little less—nearly three thousand—than that re- ported for 1850. The annual cost to the government’ for cach cadet, upon this estimate of 1860, is set down as ‘The Board of Visiters to the Academy, in June, 1851, have remarked justly, upon the subject of’ expenditures, as follows, vi In some views the above sum may seem largo as an annual expense, but when compared with otier govern- ment expenses it is asum $8,620 leas than it costs to keep afloat for one year a first class frigate; and when considered in its results, that we obtain from this ex- penditure a body of officers who will compare in scien- tifle attaininents, in military skill, in noble bearing, with the officers of auy army in the world—men of enlarged patriotism and nationai feelings; men who diffuse mili- tary knowledge throughout the country; who have exe- cuted many of the great works, military and civil, of the couniry; mien who, scattered through the land in mili- or civ: fe, are capal of of ying and instruct! in good soldiership an army of Atty thousand tenet any moment, at the call of their country, thus giving ihe Union the advantages, without the dangers and expense, of a largo standing army—when considered thus, the sum sinks into insignificance. And in these perilous times, when both the Union and Alma Mater aro mourning at tho spectacle of sons who were fostered on their bounty, in arms now against the republic, a double confidence is reposed in the ekill and the valor of those loyal goldiers West Point has reared, who now rally aroutd the flag of the Union, And as of that flag the prayer of the patriot is— * * © © Long may it wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave, 80 of the Academy, the resolve of the people must be— Esto perpetua. THE TRADE OF BALTIMORE. Our Baltimore Correspondence. Baurmore, Jan. 1, 1862. Statement of the Business cf Baltimore in 1861—Imports, $5,500,000; Exports, $11,000,000—The Tobacco Trade— The Flour Trade—Phe Grain Trade, dc. A brief review of the business of Paltimore during the year that hes just closed cannot be without interest to the readers of the Heratp; for it shows how beneficent and inspiriting has been the sway of the federal govern- ment over her, and how largely she is indebted to that government for the measure of prosperity which she enjoys. The banks of this city are on a sound and sub- stantial basis. They have not suspeuled specie pay- ments, nor will they do so, Their stock is at par, and is quoted, in somo cases, at a premium, and they are pay~ ing to-day their usual semi-annual dividends in gold. The business of the city received a severe shock in consequence of the events that followed the unfortunate occurrence of the 19th of April; and when, in May, the Confederate troops took possession of a part of the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad, the whole business relations of the city with its Western trade became deranged. In June the great bridge at Harper’s Ferry was blown up and a great portion of the track destroyed; and from that time all communication between the city and its Western trade has been at an end, The business of those merchants in Baltimore who are engaged in the foreign trade has not suffered greatly, if at all, in consequence of the war, Some branches of trade show an actual increase ever last year’s figures. Thus there has been $1,250,000 worth more of leaf tobacco shipped hence in 1861 than in 1860. ‘The receipts of grain here for 1861 were not much short of those of 1860. In many branches of mercantile business the sales of the last six months, while the city has been governed by the military authorities, have been such as to make the ate business of the year greater than either 1860 or 1809, both of which were years of great business pros- perity for Baltimore. And ih this connection it ought to stated that in many instances stocks of goods held during the summer without finding buyers have lately in consequence of the war and the new tariff, so advance: in price that oa. have been gold at double the usual rates. This wonid not have been the ease, however, had it not been for the result of the recent State and munici- J elections. The result of those clections showed that ity of {Ye people of Baltimore and of Mary- ‘ere loyal toth® Union. This restored to Baltimore that confidence on the part of the eral government and of the people of the Nortbern States which had been #0 much shaken by previous events, and purchases for army and govertfmental purposes were made here toa largo extent. i the efforts which were mavle three and even two months , for the reopening of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, pushed forward with the proper energy, that great thoroughfare would have been opened and in operation at least six weeks ago, and the Western trade which would have ruehed through immodiately wo have more than compensated all parties concerned, and the government as much as any. But unfortuuately’ this was not done. The Confederaths still hold possession of gome twenty miles of the road, northwestof Harper's Forry, where they have sufficient force within supporting distance to prevent the reconstruction of the road. It is nad they will aflempt to do this, even at the risk of ringing on @ general engagement. The weather, how- over, although this isthe st of January, is as mild and open as spring: Wf Gonerai Kelly is reinforced by the whole of General Banks’.and General Stone's forces he may bo able to drive the rebels 8 far down as Winchester, at least; and if this fine weather continues, the road may yet be ro- built and reopened by spring. The general dry goods trade of the city hag snffered 0 the absence of South. pov during the year, owi aggregate business was ern ad Western buyers. about one-third that of 1860. Buyers trom Bastern Vir- inia, Western Nake and the Western States are now, jowever, in the market, and the prospect is eneouraging. ‘The importation of salt was, in cits 4 1 1861. 860. 171,028 189,194 Salt in bulk, bush ‘ 24,568 114,216 ‘The oyster business has fallen off only twenty ‘per cent, but the trade in preserved fruits has suffered se. veroly, and not been one-fourth as large as in 1960. Six million#of dollars worth of grain were received at Baltimore during 1861, namely, of Whoat, bushels. Liverpool, sacks ‘The receipts of Vig remarkably ident namely: Heian 180, bushes made have been here in 1861. non-receipt of mapplics from the rey of cattle were in 1861, 47, 1859. ‘The hogs and Ohio Railroad to this city, for the New York market, went this year by the northern routes. The imports of coffee during 1861 were only 130,804 against 176,176 bags in 1860, and 247,070 bage in ‘The flour trade has not greatly fallen off. The exports tn 1861 have been 365,407 bbls., against 389,000 bbis. in 1860, and 368,000 bbls. in 1859. Of the amount shipped this year, 280,000 bbls. went to South America, chiefly to Brazil, and 64,658 bbls. to Great Britain, The receipts, of flour during 1861 were 879,674 bbls. (inspected). The receipte of coal wore much less than lagt year,, 1860, tons. + 724,437 1861 oe + 430," There are some peculiar features about the tobacco trade of Baltimore, The expenses attending the consign- ment of tobacco here are small, and great privileges are allowed the owner,'both before and after itasuld. It is received and stored in the State fireproof warehouses, ‘and may remain nee hy without — for storage, being perfectly secure from heat or moisture. There is a very small charge Lede canes ‘The total | ap natadle gor in 1861 was, in numbers: Maryland, hhds. to 72 head namely:— be Re 1 Cro} In Virginia, bhds In Te Grand total. The imports Ddeing— Total imports in 1860, ‘Total imports in 1861 Decrease in 1861.. Total exports in 1860. ‘Total exports in 1861 nerense 0 18ON- eee ees certainly a very gratifying which ought to make (as it doubtless does) every Balti- morean gratefal for the beneficent protection aijorded to them by the federal government. Fashions for Mourning. {From the London Illustrated Times, Dec. 28.) ‘The sad event (death of Princo Albert) which-b:s occa sioned a goneral mourning throughout the land has in-- duced us to engrave one or two of the novelties which the occasion has brought out, and to add a few hinis as to the materials which may be ¢mployed, and the style of dress, suitable for the circumstances. ‘The materials usually employed for outdoor dress in deep monrning are cashmere, paramatta, aud merino. For dresses of @ slighter description of mourning, and for what is commonly called half mourning, any of the foliowing are suitable, viz.:—Moire antique, and plain silk in black, gray, and violet, or black silk figured with} white, violet, Nc. ‘To this list may be udied b.ack satin and velvet, the latter material being employed for cto: as well as for dresses. Crapo ia the only trimming employed for dresses des- tined (or the deepest mourning; but they aro somett made without any trimming. Whoa @ change is made, doth the skirt and corsage may be trimmed with embrol-| dery, passementerie, bands of black velvet, laco, gauffered| ribbcn, sc. Chenille is also a trintming admissible fo slight mourning. The bonnets for mourning consist of crape trimmed with fiutings and bows of the same, black silk, veivet, chip, &e. Some mourning bonuets are formed af a combt-| nation of silk and velvet, and aro ornamented with trim-| mings in black or violet. Cloaks composed of black vel vet, or of black or gray cloth, are fashionable. shawls of back embroidered cashmere, wadded and lined} with violet silk, have appeared. For ball costume, dresses of black tulle, or crapo 0 black silk, or white ‘Chambery gauap figured with black, are suitable, Dresses of white tarletane, with black] trimmings are extremely pretty, and suitable for ver; young ladies. Ina dress of black velvet, for dinnor co tume, which we have seen, the corsage is behind and slightly opening in a point in front; ithas covered with black crape; lower part of the corsage, from the waist to tho opening, is fastened by a row of jot bu tons, and a chemisette worn under the firighed by a smal collar and a black velvet ie fastened by jet button. ‘The skirt is edged with folds of black erape, ‘and the sleeves, which are narrow above, and w' and open at the lower part, are bordered with the trimming a8 that on the edge of the skirt, An dress adapted for slight mourning consists of moi tique checkered with gray and Jack, and i trim with guipure. ‘A tow bther special dresses, which have been mt liked, may be mentioned:— ‘The Corrinne is a dress of rich glace silk, with on flounce, trimmed round the bottom with crape, and finis! @d at each point with rich jet and silk orpaments, with fluting of crape eighteen inches from the bottom. | Bodi square. Pagoda sleeves, show! undersloeve of whit Wilh'crape poche ala chatcaine, sakably trimmed. with cra] alac , suitably trimmed. The Monts Rosa is mantle circular in shape, large an falling gracefully over the figure. The style of trim is the great novelty, and is composed of. broad crape, corded with siik, carried round.the- neck and do the centre of the back and front, terminating ata d tance from the bottom of the mantle with handsome sel ornaments: afold of crape round the skirt. Dress of rich glace silk, the skirt gored with a thicl cord of crape inserted in each width, with a plaiting o crape edged with siik round the bottom, the front of 1 skirt ornamented with crape pockets to correspond wi the bottom trimming. Dress of black tulle; the skirt bouillonne, fastened the form of diamonds, ‘with a ruching of tufle and sat ribbon, or with gauze ribbon; tunic open to the wai trimmed round with two flounces of tulle edged wi satin ribbon, caught back with large bows and ond 0 satin ribbon. Fuil berthe to correspond. Headdress, coronet of jet flowers, fulness of glace at back, with drooping jet falling over it; small black o trich plume on the right side. Bouquet of jet flowers correspond. ‘Many elegant undersleeves, collars and other articles 0 lingerie, suitable for mourning costume, have been intro duced. ‘Some of the collars and undersiceyes are beau fully embroidered with a pattern in black. Others, with out embroidery, consist of organdie hemmed and ruched or of tarletane merely hemmed. Mourning pocket h kerchiets are frequently embroidered in black. or vio! and bave no trimming of lace. Dinner C .—Dress entirely of black silk. Tho a rangement of the trimming, as shown in our engraving! is excvedingly rich and effective. It is composed of narro frills of black silk, pinked at the front of corsage a la Ray is Anished with narrow frills disp: horizontally. isette of biack in sma}! jut oped Coiffure of black lace and white roses. Whit ves. ‘tudor Drest.—Robe of black poult de soie, in le called Ja Princesse. In front of the arm th sleeves aro slit open, and the white unders! are finished at the wrists by rutlles, worked i black and white embroidery, above which are band of black velvet. The skirt of the dress is edced wit ® fluted frill of poult de soie, surmounted by th rows of black velvet. A row ‘of black velyet buttors encircled by passemonteric, ascends up one File of th dress from the edge of tho skirt to the top of th. cor: Small coliar of white muslin, orfa:nented with black an white embroidery. Cap of black and white lace, wit Jong Iappots banging behind. In front of the forehead email bouquet composed of white roses, with black velve} i vee. Walking Dress.—Mantle of black cloth, with wide doub sleeves and double pelerine, edged with bias bands black taifety. These bands ‘aro surmounted by an besque design worked in soutacho of two different widths} ‘The band of taifety which edges tho second pelerine d scends at cach side of the mantle so as to form a tabiier| ‘The bottom of the mantle is od with a band of tailvty| broader than those on the othor parts of the cloak, without the addition of the soutache pattern. Dress 0 gray cashmere, trimmod with rows of black velvet, t narrow aud a broad row between. Bonnet of white v lours epinglo, trimmed with biack lace and a biacl foather, der frimming, a cordon of violet celor roses. Corriage Costume.—Cloak of black velvet, richly orn mented with passamenterie and soutache. 3 of ay moire antique. Bonnet of white silk, trimmed w lack lace and velvet. Under trimming, ruches of bla tulle and white roses. Strings of broad black ribbo with a narrrow edge of white. Court Calen Day. Svrmnmr Court.—Part 1—Nos. 1157, 2171, 863, 203 2937, 2030, 2043, 2047, 2049, 2961, 2957, 2960, 2001, 298 2067. Part 2—Now. 1868, 2774, 3160, $162, "9161, 315 3158, 9100, 8162, 3164, 9160, 8168, 8172, 2084, 8200, 216 Part’3—Nor, 2027, 2867, 2800, 4971, 2873,’ 2060, 2071] , 2070, 2081, 2086, 2003, 2005, 2007. Part Rew 3096 ,'4146, 9176, 3202, $204, 31206, 8208, 8210, 32 8214, 9218, 9290, 3223, S204, pane, Cowmon Pixak.—Vart 1—Nos. 068, 120, 730, 732, Tu 734, 790, 798, 739, 741, 742, 743, 744, 746, O02. Part Nos, 494, 402, 1417, 607, 701, 706, 721, 722, 724, 727, 728, 207, 56034. SbraKe Covrt—Cmcvit,—Part 1—Nog. 839, 125, 181 1815, 1819, 1821, 1823, 1825, 1827, 1836 1887, 182: 1846, 1947, 1849, 1853, 186, 1869, 1861. Part 2— 5 1658, 1690, 1786, 1740, 1742, 1744, 1746, 1750, 1762, 175 1156) 1768, 1760, 1702, 1764, 1768, 1770, 1772, 1774. Arrivals a Departures. ARRIVALS. ship Canaa, at Boston—Mr Devers, Furn, Bow! gate Jae Hichon, ep W Kick’ Eadert, Wageforth, Wilking, Hanson, Barker, Mflis Liewtte Glascott, Oldham, Col Matileverer,'Capts Hayley, Wilton, Paymaster Lamont, Lieuts Horn, Wer hite, Ogiivie, Ravenhill, Browne, Dleut Col ox an J TLR Innes OB, Lieut Col Siiaki Noble anc 801 apt Turner am Ww a line, ve bs serval peare, Gols Gordon, Mackenzie, Wosley, vant, Lieut Lieut Col Gardner and servant, ervant, Mr Paley, Lieut Lockhart and servant leute Jom ‘urner, D Prenti * H Wileon, WF Cotmar, Gelber ce, Cleverson, Capt W J Cann, A Deizel, Thos Mitchell Roma’, Col H Brown, J Orosh ill, Wr Tarr—66. Frora Halt fax—D Prouty, 1 Xelion, W Cotmar, WD Galbreath, © Zyguerds, W Cam, A Dol MeDaivaon Fon Mitchell, 9 Roman. Schr Southern Belle—Jor Rand Chas D Bil ¥ Haynes, © A Woodruil, 0 Wendel Nassa' back, Ben)