The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1862, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY ll, 1862, “INTERESTING FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE CANADA'S MAILS. THE TRENT AFFAIR. Another Significant Article from Prince Napoleon’s Organ Second Sober Thought Coming Over England Arbitration, the Cost of War Preparations, and the Fears of American Privateers. Gurious Revolution in Public Opinion in Bngtand, Bey Ree &e ‘The steamship Canada, from Liverpool on the afternoon of Dec. 28 and Queenstown Dec. 29, arrived at Boston shortly after midnight of the 9th inst. Her mails reached this city yesterday evening, and from them we obtain tho following interesting items of news. Our Paris Correspondence. Pams, Dec. 27, 1861. Another Important Article from the Crgan of Prince Nav poleon, de. Below I send you a translation of another importan article which appeared in the organ of Prince Napoleon* the Opinione Nationale, of to-day. There was a repor} current that on account of the article of last week, a translation of which I forwardea to you, the journal in question would receive an avertissemen’; but such has not yet been the case, and the publication of the following quite as severe one shows at least that the proprictors of the paper do not fear much on this score:— {From the Opin ione Nationale of Dec. 27.] THE RECOGNITION OF THE SOUTH. ‘There has never been seen before such formidable arm- aments as England ow ex! ibits. It seems impo:sib!e that so many concentrated th: nders should fail to st:ike somewhere. If it should not be at New York may it noi de at Constar tinopie? The English, who are so uselessly alarmed at our sup” Posed preparations, cannot object that wo should cndea, vor to ascertain the meaning ani the end of their presen: conduct. Everything indicates that they desire a war with the American Union at any price. It is possible, however that President Lincoln, advised by the circular of our Minister of Foreign Afwirs, and calc ilating, be- sides, that bis refusal to surrender tho prisoners will only in the end be to the proit of the South, will, by his response, remove all pretext for the quarrol which England is seeking with him. It may be that President Lincoln, while rendering jus. tice to Captain Wiikes, will recognise the fact that the Jegal forms not having been observed in the affair of tho Trent, the affair must be placed back in its origiaal pusi- tion; that is tosay, the captured men must be surren- dered. It is doubtful whethor England, at the points which she has reached, will content herseif with such a concessivn. But if she goes beyoud—if, by her recognition of t! Southern States, sho forces, #0 to sp ak, the Uniteq States into a war, it will be permitted to us to inquire what her designs are. ‘The necessity of procuring cotton, even when England cannot obtain her supply from In dia, ts not a suticient reason for vio. lating the blockade of the Soathern ports. Wit’ ou doubt the question of c»tton is an important one for Engiand, and we will not pretend to deny its gravity, But this question is important only because it ts connected. with the question of much greater vitality for the English ‘The Zimes recently enumerated the many n::miliations which the United States had imposed upon Enyiand- The United States possessing cotton, and the meuus of transport which this product represents, haye been able to hold in check up to the present timo the pretensions England to the empire of the seas. If, in 1842, im spite of all sions, England did not declare war Us—apropos, to the right of search wo are in debted to the United States—England had calculated that the principles sustained at Washington in relation to this subject would e. by miking the United States the ally of France in such a war, end it was for this reason that she was satisfied with our concessions. England will never find a more propitious moment to Svenge the “long humiliations” which she has suilered from the United States, apd also, perhaps to renew hor Prestige, a little compromized in Europe by sucha for dea mnce—at any rate, such is the opinion of the The cottor market, which held England under the ce- pendence of the United States, is now, thanks to the civil war, at the dispositio. 0. England, if she dares to seize itt T. do this, it ts only urcessary to force the blockaile, ro- cogn's> the ‘ou'hern States, and to make with them an offensive ond defensive alMance against the North. Lot us be sure that England will not (ail in this. But it will be said that will be to fore the United States into a ‘war at all hazards, without coubt. Bot who supposed ‘that England has not thought of tha’ beforebani? But it will be said again that the recornition of the South will oblige the Northern States not only to make war against the English, but o lave recourse to an ex- treme measure—the emancipation of the blacks. Fng- land has, doubtless, considered this probability in ad- vance. Bot wiiat matters it to her? If they make war in America with the blacks, as it was made not tong ago with the red skins, England will not be very much is tressed al ut it, and, beside th :, she will claim tho glory of having hastened the aboi «1 of slavery, God knows ‘at the price of what horrors and to the p:ofit of what eg tistical interests. As for her, thanks to steam and Ler formidable arma ments, shawould soon have the advantage of the Ameri- ean marine, which has not, outside of its own coast, any touching yoints or meens of revic.uolling or coaling, by which she might dis te the sea and continue the struggle. Tho tesue of a war commenced under such wnoqual con- ditions ts easy to foretell. The Amorican navy would be soon destroyed or rendered powerless, and Englan:! ‘would have, at the same time, raised the grand lever of the cotton market. Can it be believed that, in view of such @ result, there ‘fare in France a party and certain journals who wisli to woe it? Listen to the Patrie and the J ay». They tell ns that the separation of the North und South, which will inevitably produce such a prefownt derangement in the muritime equilibrium, ‘ix regarded by ihe majority of the buco Pp an Powers as a fact which must inevitably ensue, ant which is cesiratle for the int ests of all.’ These Journals fear that France will not be suffi ion ty ina hurry to roe nise the Southern States, and they will be very much mor fiei if she permits England to gt iy advance of hor in this act, which is to consummate ‘he br aking up of the American ¢ n eration. “Desirable for the interests of all,’ the recognition Of the : outhern States? We can well understand how the Engish journa’s can hold such Janguage—bit French journals | Since the partition of Potand nothing cori have o.curred more contrary to and more unfortunate for our peli. ey than this disruption of the United Stat Ab! if the end of America is to be brought about tk the end of Poland, at least let oot his ory find our name or ow hand in the work. Let us never be reproached for having contributed to her ruin ofter having aided go Much in building her up. Tt wean counterpoise whiek wo, by our heroism and sacrifices, labored to found on the other side of the Atlan. te agaist the stubborn maritime domination of England. Let this counterpoise fail to keop up the equilibrium, and nd Will exercise her reconquered | swe shat! see how Big supremacy. We have known in js triumphs and in its misfor- tui ¢i@ Anglo-Saxon rece, which is inaccessible at a Point «f honor or the powor of principle, but only in ite intorests and its pride, England loves pence doubtioasly, but it loves domination more, She pursues ner end with a patience of -wili which holds out against ai! bu. tmiliations, mortifications svt checks. fhe puts op with all sorts of affronts, provided she can see shining tho Gay, even though it be tardy, of reparation and ven‘ geance. She never deviates from her end. She never relinquishes any of her determinations. When her hour of vengeance comes she is implacable; but her vengeance never causes her to forget, her inte- rest. She pursues her victories with all the mildness of a pack of hounds when devouring offal. Everything for Ler is good which enables her to gain her end, as well as a hypocritical regard for what is good and just, ag the negations of right and the abuse of brutal foree. Do you hear her tc-day speak of the violation of interna- tional law by an American vessel—she who has never stopped at such acts when shewas the absolute mistress of the seas? Do you hear her speak of encroachments and unwar- rantable ambition—she who is weighed down with the plunder of a cheated or conqnered world? Sho who speaks of justice and of peace, ask her to give back a portion of that which she has taken by fraud or by vio- lonce. Wherever she puts her foot she rests. It is for the world to understand this and to regulate its law upon it, If we permit her now to destroy the American power, wo must not complain some Cay if the Fnglish seek ano- ther quarrel with us about the right of search, and if we do not have then the United States as counterpoise, a8 we did in 1842? We do not ask that France shall go so far as to prevent Yrgiand from making war against America upon @ more pretext, but for God’s sake let her not be made the ac complice and the dupe of the English in this matter. It is not, certainly, without a definitive and important object that England is spending so much money and witis such an unquiet activity. H is the empire of the seas which she desires to reconquer. The United States will be dissolv- ed—Wut after that? The Trent Case—What is Thought of the Question of Arbitration. {From the London Herald, Dec. 27.) We are daily, almost hourly, expecting an answer e Cabinet of Washington to the ultimatum of the It would seem to most men that es or nO would be equally intelligible. however, bem suggested by certain persuns that, insicad a direct answer, a proposal {o refer the matter to arvitrati'n might fairly’ be made by the Am-ricans aid ought to be accepted by us. thet we have made up our mind on the matter, an no decision could be accepted unless unreservedly in our favor, we are met by the assertion that our feelings aro naturally excited by what we concsjve to be an insult, and we cannot pretend to bo impartial judges in a ques- tion which might, nevectheless, be seitied by jurists without an appeal to the ultima vario of war. With the stock arguments against war we are al! familiar, and with those pretensions. of modern enlightment which assume that it has discovered a rational aud Christian method of ¢eciding national quar- rels without bloodshed’. These do not yet tell us what is to be done when two uations have rsspectively mado up their mins that each is in the right. Bat taking the:e Utopian aud well meaning theorists on their own ground, it may be questioned whether arbitratioa is possible in this ‘The opinions of France and Anstria asked; both are on our side; and beyond France and Austria, there is no neutral Power which either England or America could agree to accept as medi- ator, {From the London . Dec. 27. Tho principle of arbitration has daring the last ten days an amount of public interest, aul received an amount of public support, tht could havi ticipated at such @ moment. While 2 for: scarcely heard of, now it is taiked of in eve. y priva' circle, and sericusly discusse in the most influ.n'ial querers. The organs of opinion are investigating the bearing uf the prineip!o oa the international diferenco between this country and America, with the viow of ertaining tho precise method ble application. It has been urged on the atnticn of the government iy ra ious puilic bee 4 @ ciation, ani public mon of dierent purties tarily come forward as its alyocat’s, strorg'y urging that if, Curing the pretent quarrel. cry <pportunity should arive a wt and pacific ine heal of siding initer- hanidd te enitreeed iy the gov and the nation. ‘The genoval sp; ort w has thus received is sitis/actery in itsel ) jag the progress which the idea of arbitration is making inthe public mind, but a'so as an index of ihe state of feeling on the all-absorbing quesiion of our ditle- tox, and Lhe aiternative of peace In this latter respect t c eountry and their rac principe of arbitrs the country, and among mea of v: 5 © inion, hes revealed the srisence ant indwa'ed th st ength' of the large party who are neither fcr peace at an; prive nor for war at aay price, but whose inain concern in the pres nt cris's is to uphoid the honor of the nation in the highest ond truest sense, ‘ihe feeling of the country lias been, iadeed, from the first so thoroughly sound on the cardinal qcesticn of nationa! honor, that such a thing ag a party in favor of peace at any price can hardly be said to exist, and if it ex'sis it certainly has no influcnee. But unfirinetely there is aportu in favor of wir ct any price, which. if weak in numbers, i strongin social in- Fluence ond ywition. And if the charge of being ferent to the nationa! honor ean be preferred with any truth against the friends of peuce, it may be urged with infinite determined notion ef national honor entertamed by the war party, and devel ped by its leading orgau during the lust three weeks, is, indeed, of the most novel and pecaliar Fiud. ‘The positrn of the country during this interval has been clear and well detined. We hai sent a formal compiaint of outrage to a ne ghboring goverrment, bad d-manted Bonorabie satisfaction, and were await ing thy reply. orang thas interval the war party in this ¥, who mudestiy claim to be the exclurive guar ‘8 of the natioual character, have dvomed it becoming to indulge in ev ery species of deliberate insult and malig. rauteaiamny against the Americans ond the American soverniarnt. ‘They think it honorable to bully und from whom we have asked satis- to whether not. In other words, they offence of which they evr p and insult the Cubinet from which tho British gover: ment has demande! reparation, aud thus Lin their power to p t our receiving the hono:- satisfaetin dito, The leacing organ of ry, for example, has repeatetly brought the ui and tremendous charges ogainst the Ameri- a vilify the opponent fretion 1 diet we ited in quoting ns feeling and J can policy sensation paragraphs noto- rious.y manufactured for the Lugiish market by rowdy hacks «f New York in the ictosest, if notin the pay, of the Southern States. That is the notion of public honor and justice entertained by the war party and its abuttors, England's Anxions Watchings for the Answer from America. [rem the London Ties, Dee, 28.) The dolay which winter gales have wrocght in the transm.ssion ¢f yews across the Atlantic. ca ecs us to be Full in Conbt es to the reception of the Bri-ish demands by the government and people of the Northern States, The Earopa, which carried the British demand of repara. co ee on the 13th, but did not comme however, be at Haliiax in somo thirty six hours sfior, aud then her ‘momeutovs news would be flashed throogh the country, havin loust two days to do its work in the shipe of ensation” telegrams befure the remonstranees and i entry cou the goverpment at Washingtin, In this, perhoy chief danger of tue unfortenate issue. In a country where the muititue is all-powerful and ths government timil (oa degree unkmoen in Eurcpe itis quite poscitle that Ue recep- tion of the news by thegreat a the Union may deer. mine th: action of the ul or, at least, lend the of men cf the republic into declarations frvm whi h they weed fini i! d-fierit to deaw back. We caimot con! t that when the demands of the British government wee made known jo Mr. Lincoln, when he found that we are sori 8 rresolve to bave ro; a-ation,and when, moceover, the deliberate and unsolicited judgment cf France was given in the case,he or any other sensible etal aman would be siuw to refuse couccssion, and to take tho al- h, whatever its conse juences in , mistreslt in the independence of the South. There is in the acts of the Washington politi- cians encngl to sh w that they are beginning to have sme apprehensions of a dispute with this country, and w re wil ing t — adoor for cseaping from the diliiculty, thovs) tl wil NOt the grace to acknow!- * that Captain Wilkes’ act wax indefensibie, or even to admit that there couki be a doubt auout the law. We cannet but hope that they wil! have had the power to uso the prudence which they seem to possess, and that when the demand of the B. itish government arrived j resident Linooln was not influenced by any warlike demonats tions on the part of bis countrymen, or cowmiticd by y hasty language uttered by bimseif or his ministers, Sober Second Thought on the Trent Case, [From the Loncon Timos, bee, 27. Although the weight of the authority that has been brought to bear on President Lincoln's Cabinet by the Fovreseatations of Our own government, toguth th se of France and Austria, may be expected ession, if the Americans are i teyen at this lat» hour we op; 0.tuni'y of strengthening our ca \c f perce ty maning 7 t We “duty. Oar no ‘doubt, n Furprisol to see & is exactly fo point with that of to for the fh ett me more than threo weeks alter tho first diccus« i ol, it is most extroor’innry that 0 cave tl within the last few for it dispoecs of m st of the retorts which have casod Ww Exglaud by the Americans now re siding in Europe. When the news of the capture of the Commissioners reached us, the first foelings of in- dignaticn were m.ngled with an uneasy a rapicion that acts of our own newly resem) that % o « tain Wilkes might be brought forward againct vs. in our inimer wars it has been truly said that we carried belligerent claims to the furthest point, and that our ions, Our officers, and even our Admiralty Judges, po-ed to vestrict neutral rights in a mauner foreign States deeply resented, ‘Tlic law of nations fe reat y decided by the conscience of the strongest, and $ ougl: in the cage of Bugland that jonny yeors in the "7 avd upright as Sit yet is serted, perbaps with justice, that’ A: was incon. | gcowsly Diessed by the circtemstonces of his own country and cnunciated principles which the present age | & modify. But though the judgments of the English Prize courts and the acts of our over-zealous post cap. tuins havo been narrowly sea cied to find a prececent | for the seizure of Mosers. Mason and Slidell, yet the | Americans have been unable to extract a miserable tu from the records of fifty years since—from the of a time when neutral rights were regarded but ae Napoleon, on | a ttle either by our | oF by ourselves gm dicpoved | w (From the The disunion of America complete. Not from the North, but very government of the rival parties, and all the bitterness of the versy between Unionists and into the councils of r more is slay i vance into the Confederate territories, if tyey ever do ‘80, they will find no s'aves to liberate, but only a popula- tion in arms, black and white together. Finally, sup- Posing the federalists to succesd by some Means or other, in taking all the slaves into thelr own Rands, what are they to do with them in the end? If once emancipate they will become respon- sible for the maidionancesnd disposal of the whole body, or, in other words, they will have to find a place for four millions of human beings whose society they reject, whose touch they shun, and whose serviccs they cannot em letter which we have just published from our ‘special correspondent shows how sensibly these difficul- tics are felt at Wi ton, and to what extreme lengths differences of opinion aro carried, even in the Cabinet itaelf. Yet the neceasity for doing something is Urgent, and tho |temporizing policy may be said altogether. M:. Cameron, the Secretary of War, is openly at variance’ with the chief of the State argues, na passage of his report, which the President vainly en- deavored to suppress, that to leave the Southorners in posscssion of their slaves is tantamount to leaving them in possession of the means of supporting the war. He establishes his point logically enongh on paper, but when he looks forward to the tremendous question looming in the distance ho is fain to leave it to ‘time and circum- stances” to solve. The whole problem of the war, indeed, may well porplex the strongest head. It iscortain that the South cannot be united to the North on the old footing; it fs not certain that the South can be sub- dued nt all; while it is positive!y cortain that the triumph of the North, even if it could be achieved, would be at- tended with inore embarrassments more formidable than those of the war itself, In the meantime another crisis is rapidly advancing. "4 few hours will tell us whether the Nethern Americsns have resolved om aikling a war with Englend to c civil war at home. By this timo the question has probably been eettled, aud if the federal governinent should be so unjust and go ill-advised as to rofuse us the redress wo ask, we may be compelied to attend to Ameri- can poiitics with even @ gre ater interest than they com mand at present. England’s Dread of American Pri {From the London Chronicle, Dec. 27.] If, then, war be declared between Great Britain and the United States, we may reckon upon privateoring be- ing carried out on tho part of the iatter with every horror of massacre and brutality imcidont to that barbar- ous practice. It behoves us, then, well to consider the means which wo may possess of protecting cur merchant vessels from the attacks of pirates in overy sea which they are accustomed to navigate. In no part 0° the ocean will ovr ships be safe, and o.tr commerce extend: to every couniry of the lobe. Ta the Atlantic, in the Pacific, in the Indian Ocean, amongst the islands +f the Carribean Sea, hay, oven in the English channel, pirat will prowl and dodge about, lying in wait for any man which is not fortunate enough to be wider convoy. We may accept this as a certainty, and tho questicn is, whet means wi!l the government of this country protect our commerce and the property of our merchs from so great a peril? Scme means inusl, eearly, be de- vived. ® * But it is not our ships aud mer- chandise alone which will safer. We have nota col ny which will not be subject to their atta ard wo must ect to hear of towns in flames by every vessel which arrives. The modern usage in war is, when bombarding # town, to spare, as much as possibie, private properly ‘The ships cl the American navy iuay Obse-ve this raic, but privateers will have delicxey and ne com: punction, and, wherever thoy go, wile spread de- struction will mark their presence, — Gur own coats eren will not be free From them. Luring the first Am war, Paul Jones, who had taken s: nies, spread’ dismay and 3 village on the British coast, Farly ono morni every perscn was fast asiecp, he lande! at g in that sity to knock at the door, ies of the house, to im toaccomplieh the con- tat th» present day spirits urseloss a8 that audacious: ica, then, we shall iabor Whilst vate: airy are swarmiug in every sea, and purs, ateers. havin, and bernt the whole of ‘the eli He even hal the aud rorse the sleeping in light to c: port. and procure a tlagration. as bold, as determined, as In war with Am « vast disadvantage. as unce. te cing a xe Of plunder and destruction, our hands will bo tied, We have ubolished privateering, and can not reprisais. We do not regret this—for we teel that, wcting on the principles of humanity, ant saffering, inevitably must suller, ta consequence of it, sha'l stand out in bright relief in comparison with’ oaz adversary, whoso constant boast is that Le is of thesame blood as ourselves, and that the ment to adopt measure prote-ti-n of our ‘merc! ¢ American privateers a which informs us that the Algiers has becu or- dered from vibraitar, where she Las boon stationed, and the supp jon is that she has directiors to pri tect fom privateers English vorsels coming into the Straits. The latter i5,0f course, me-e conjecture; but if a war with Amorica does cecur, many shine mst be pluced upon this service, and it wouid be wise in tie government to take timo by the foreiock, and appropriate to it as many as they can sare. More Cotton in Engiand Now than at the Sume Period Last Year. (Froin the Loudon star, Lec. 24.} The planters of the Confeierate States pave made an egregious blunder in supposing that, by rotuining their cotton, they could coerce Engiund into an interp-fition im their favor. fu far as they are concerned, cotton ty no king. it isnot like Toxay, or Jobannisberg wino, to be produced only on one given spot of the varth’s surface. The cemonsiration of this, as a fact, is cue to thi of the Southern States; and the continuance portation of Sea isinnd cotton, will mute the f and permaucnt When this biockai established, and it became fain that our usual 8.) p' wt of the raw mite: used im our manuiactories—would be stopped, must of us wel ly afraid to look at the consequences the face. We shared somewhat in the illusion of Ub nters, who fe! our industry would be desteoyed if we did not imterfere. Nobody in this country, ind thorght of breaking the bleekade except a few pers: whose last thovghts would be tor the protection a safety «f our manof: mouths after the work of policy of the sovth has cv North in polubiting the expo 5 find oerselves a8 large a stock vemonths, the 2h of cottcn at Liverpooi then on yl 3 Ocr real aud enduring i t, thorefo «with our clear dicty in respec:ing ihe decree of the tedera’ gov ernment which elses the ports of Uae South. It is really for our interest that this ombargo shouid continve for sotue time longer, for it will necessitat ton ¢ kewh ur gotting cot- ¢, und not from oxe country only, but from e change will, no doubt, by accompanied by ing, but all great changes are thus accom panie!, even When generally most beneficent in their n ture. Mr. Presidemt Davis may threaten us with a ¢ vo:sion of the capitalaud jabor of the South into other channeis than the cultivation of cotton, but we now know too mi: eh to be aifecied by that mennee. Wa see that by sniferitig a littie temporary pineling, we can ultwmate y get evtton onough elsewhere, and from countries not co taminated by slavery, and whieh will not bo able to as- same the airs and insdience of people who think they have gota monopoly of au article of necessity to the rest of the world. Canada’s Milltery Position in an En- Glish Point of View. From the Lond n Globe, Lec. 26.) Britivh Nerth America is now placed in a position sim- ilar, in one respect, to that we vhould occupy wore seriously threateno! with invasion; that ix, British N Amoriea will have to depend for defence upon a sinail re- golar army, and a bedy of militia ond volontecrs, The exjoriment, it is true, bas been twice trie | ow bofore, but, if war should break out, it will bo tried larger scale this time. And a'thorgh British Nor: - rica is more populous and better provided with ronds and roscurces of atl Kinds than it was fifty yours ago, stil the same statcmont holds good with respect to thy United States, and es pecially of the tates on on ation. must be maint Copfedorate armies, tly eded as on a equality in the rong strength. Moreovor, y be opposed to each iia and volimtoore. They other will be sin will be fairly matehou, for (he amail con'ingeni of requiars which i is in our pomer to supply at this seacen will only help ty make up for the numerical yof the Brvish If suitlcient time elipace we © colonists will bo nurhertcaily an! while Sir John Purgoyuoen ifestly true, that we cannot hold the provinces hout the good of the inhabitants, ho also says that 90,000 nan fn arms the United’ States would not think i worth while to altempt an invasion. Hence it this authority that Beitteh North America ¥ 100,000 mon, part of which would be regu. is practically impregnable. The Cost of England's Rashness Would Rave Helaid the Atlantic Cab) (re tm the London Post, Sec. 2 ir position in which Great Britain and Am © pet atall z goated to the ininds of many reflections ov that mighty proigct by which it was proposed to give to the two coufirics the means of justantaneous communication with eaeh other, but which so signally failed. Had an Atlantic telegraph been in full operation, afew hours would have sufficed to enable 1s to learn the decision of tho federal government, and in the same time we should ¢ finally satisfied ourselves whether in truth wo ro obiiged to plunge into war, If ulfimately the Cali nut at Washingeon should decile om delivering up the Confeverate Commiainers and disavowing the act of th caztain of the San Jacinto, the immense erpenditire tailed on us by the transport of tro pat Canada, and the prompt ort mai le drparh an etn fo American much mony Had we THE VERY LATEST NEWS. Ragusa, Dec. 23, 1861. A few days ago the Turkish market town of Stepua was surprised by the insurgents, who pillaged the place and burned six houses. The inhabitants were compelled to take flight, leaving behind many killed, wounded and prisoners. bh Sr. Permrspuna, Dec. 28, 1861. ‘The Journal de St. Petersburg of to-day publishes a note addressed by Prince Gortschakoff to M. do Balabine, in reference to the intervention of Austrian troops in the Suttorifia for the removal of the batteries erected by the insurgents of the Herzogovina. Tn this note Prince Gortschakoff states that Austria has created a precedent which is likely to weaken the princi- ples necessary to the security of Turkey and the peace of Europe, He further declares that Russa and the other great Powers are bound to act in conformity to these principles, and that Power can separately interfere in Turkey Lisow, Dec, 27, 1861. A slight improvement has taken place in Prince Joab's hoalth, The population have broken into the chemists’ shop in this city and destroyed every drug they believed to be poisonous. Several persons were wounded. The popular excitement continues. Panis, Dec. 28—3 P. M. ‘The Bourse continues inanimate. Rentes closed at 67.25, or 5c. higher than yesterday. GENERAL BUELL’S DIVISION. OUR MUNFORDSVILLE CORRESPONDENCE. Camp Woop, Muxrornevize, Ky., Jan. 7, 1862. Force and Fortifications at Nashville—Sick Soldiers at Nash- ville—Why the Drafting in Tennessee Fuiled—The Late Fire at Nashville—Money at Nashville,and What it Will Buy—Bowling Green and the Rebel Army, de. , dc. A gentleman who left Nashville on the 29th ultimo has arrived here. He is a gentleman of respectability, and his statement may be relied on as approximating very nearly the truth: He obtained a passport from Nashville to Clarksville through tho aid of a Union sympathizer in office in Nashville. Ho trayelled by rail and by privat? conveyanee, his expenses to this point being over $125. He was eurprised to hear that information had been reccived here that heavy guns had been mounted at Nash- ville, and that great preparations were being made to render Nashville a rallying point in case of a defeat at Bowling Groen. He asserts that not a sing’e piece of ar- tillery has been mounted at or near Nashville, and that there aro not more than enough soldiers in the city to man half a dozen guns. During tho last six weeks nota soldier has passed through the city en route. ‘ihe only militia or guard about the city is a company commanded by the business man of the Patriot office, and whose patriotism is estimated as being worth the hundred dol- lars in scrip which be is paid by the government. The only soldiers of any importance of numbers ay Nashville are there in the hospital. The splendid resi- dence of Judge Catron has been occupied by them, and i now almost a complete waste. All the public buildings, many of the storehouses, and literally the whole town of Edgefietd, opposite, are crowded with sick. He repre- sents that the soldiers from the extremo South are the greatest sufferers. They come North poorly clad, almos, barefooted, and the frost no sooner strikes them than they fall ill, Iwas almost afraid to believe his statement of the number in tho hospitals, so like exaggeration did it sound. But the character of the gentleman, intimately known to mo while engaged yeara since on the Nashvilly Banner, and the positiveness with which he reasserted it, incline me to thm that it is near truth when he says there are as many as 14,000 sick soldiers in the hospitals at Nashville, and that thirty a day are the ave- rage deat On the morning of the 2ist,when drafting began, the city was ina blaze of excitement. Hundreds ¢f men had left the day before, while thousands remained who swore that, drafted or not, they were determined not to go. All manner of sporting weapons had beon pressed into ser, vice a few days before; but men went about the brsy strcets with revolvers visibly peering from Deneath their clothing. Loudly wore the assertions mado that if the drafting proceeded another day Nashy would be in ashes. and that Gov. Harris would not till morning. That evening the ( leaving his hotel he received a charge of buckshot whic! tore the clothing frem his le’t brecst and lodged in bis arm, inilicting a dreadful, but not dangerous, wound, There has since been no drefiing ia th» Sate, nor w those who liad been drawn cal'ed upon for duty. Amop the more promine:t men drafted were John A. Fisher, banker; J. Gritiths , proprietor cf the Union and Ame- rican; W. F. Bang, proprietor of the Bann vr; Hugh Me- Crea and 3. Douglas, mo-chauts. ‘the rict burned by the late fire was the business Peete the city, lying on Vroad street, b tween Mar- ket and Cherry. ‘The of the city was destroyed. nition wo.e first fired, and the fa: municatod t> tho adjoining buildings. No atten; te mate to stay the pregress of the flames in the vicinity mory,as the bursting shoils reudered it dar labor in the vieiuity. ‘The :apers estimate th. about $500,000; but ia tthe street en the day ei was est'iaated that the total loss must have been $2,000 xo more, being quence, silver 18 fora note, save in the tickets or shin flood the town, Rach barkeeper has iss oot for five cents at the bar. AB acoue- Will be giveu as‘ers which tl tickets mark- If a gontleman es a drink and tenders a dollar ho receives seventeen return, rent anywhore ers. When a in thocity, being us r has one, two or them to worth ef ret who and them buy @ prepared mistore of coffee and rye, for the purpose of making the fermer named beverag’. Twonty-iive dollars will purchase a pair of good strong boots, such as are obia:ned hore for six dollars. Pork, 04 foot, is worth eleven conts por pound, Flour can be hart with much difll- culty by paying fourteen dollars per bore}. The Sawance Coal Company will furnish a load of coal on twenty days’ notice, but not earlier, the deman¢ being far ahead o power to supply. A paver of tine kid gloves it waa found impossible Nashvitie, if Bowling Green falis into the hands of the Union my, great will be the rejoicing in Nashville. Socha vietory wit! ba the death blow of the rebellion, The rebels fel this and bave ma le most strenuous efforts to defend Bowling Groen. I have given you, ina former letter, an idea of the defences at that point. The force detailed to defend it, my informant knows, ls not over 26,060. Ho has kept a minute account of all the forces sent to Bowling Green, and asserts positively that they cemnot put 26,900 in the field. Tuore are 2,000 at Hop- kinsville, many of whom are sick; there aro not less than 2,0€0 sick at Bowling Creen. ‘tho Rangers who took charge of Colonel Terry's body, when couveying it South, reported their loss at from forty: to fifty in tho late Munfor"'svillo fight. Tlearn to-day, on oxcollent authority, that information of reliability, reccivod at headquarters, states that a por- tion of Zollicoffer's force has retreated to a town south- weat of Somerset, The railroad bridge at this point was hastily completed, in anticipation of ® rive in the river, Ou the night fol- watt the river rove fifteen feet. It is again subsiding. All Indications point to a speedy forward movement. Came Woon, Nenronnsvitin, Ky., Jan. 7, 1862. The Union Feeting in Nashville—Glargow Junction Tmned Destroysd—Team Rangers in Nashville, éc., de. Rev. James Wheolan, the Catholic Bishop of Nashville, passed through the lines to-day on his way to Louisville, Twas enabled to hold a short conversation with him, but the information elicited was not of an importaat charac- tor. The Bishop is quict and resorved, professing to have neither desire nor intention to speak of what he has seen on cithor side. UNION MEN IN NASTIVIEER. He sp-ko in mewhat warm strain of the Union feel- ing in Nashville Ho says eli tho tyranny and deception which has been practise! by tho rebels in thatcity hos not eradicated the strong Union feeling of a large portion of the community. Men have been imprisoned for pro fessing a sympathy for the Union cause, and such action on the part of tho officials has served as a cau, tion to the Union men. But those clinging to tho old faith are easily recognized by the style of lan- guage they use in conversation, They indulge in ridi- cule of the Confederate government, condemn its measures a lady's shawl and 9 find in the city of in strong language, give vent to abuse and vituperation | of the Governor and his rebe! colleagues, and go so far as to slyly hint their pleasure at any defoat of tho rebels. They claim overy conflict which looks dovbtful in th® reports. There was never more rejoteing in Heaven over one sinner (hat repenteth than there was in Nashvilie when the nows of Terry's defeat and death was received there. Ho and his Rangers were the terror of both “secosh’’ and Union men. Indeed, the Bishop used the oxpression that the rebel army was @ greater torror to both partios than was the Union army. Tho rebel army destroys all in ite parh,ant they fear and feel that in t at Bowling Green the rebois will He thinks Nachvillo must fall should ‘x Groon be captured. Although fortifications are ing mounted on the northeast and western approaclics @ the city, no arduous task will remain to a conquering rmy marching on Nashville. Ho knows, but dectined to atate, the Mona character of the forts being as plenty, but unreliable ty, buton an poses of the people in gene- to hand. People mane of or ‘‘sink” what silver and gold they that if the confederacy is maintained bt will not matter. If not, and they segmiiate, it might as well be for five as five. GLASGOW JUNCTION TUNNEL DESTROYED. gives me no information of the Bowling Green situa- though I know not what General NeCook may have him. Nothing, I think, as ho appears honest Fg hy ion, elicited from decision not to give any information of value to & the present contending parties, and a wholesale onslaught on England. He has no hopes of a reconciliation between the ww Junction forth and the South. He was at Glasgo Arta pot eben ne wile tf destroyed a ive wl was Dut saw that the destracticn was complete, The railzoad for miles north has been destroyed, tho rails torn up and the grace damaged; cuiverts have been blown up. ‘The turnpike wi runs along the same course has been obstructed and damaged in all manner of ways, He thinks the Union army will occupy at least two months in marching the next twenty les for food in the try the mae utter impossibility. He says tho further south the army goes the more desti- tute will they find the people and more devastated the country. ‘TEXAN RANGERS IN NASHVILLE. ‘The Texan Rangers of Colonel Terry occupied Nashville fora fortnight, during which they romained sole pos- Sessors of the eatirecity. They were the terror of all partios and allsexes. Ladies hardiy ventured out. They roe their horses into public houses, and, as a general thing, took all they wanted that was obtainable. They jumped cn tho ‘stage of tho theatre ono night, ‘taking ion of the whole building, and indulging in an indiscriminate and general fre> fight with knives, tols and fsticuf%s. On his arrival in Nashville Colonel ‘erry mado aspeech, in which he ‘leclared that it was his “intention to winter in Louisville or in hell.” The Bishop kindly allowed mo to insinuate that he had chosen the latter and more comfortab‘e quarters, and I think by the twinkling of his eyo he rather acquiesced. There is no local news of importance. We do not look like mov ing Ld epee but it is not improbablea day may bring forth an order to that effect. s The Law of Copyright. PROTECTION OF DRAMATIC AUTHORS—VEKDICT FOR THE PLAINTIFF. UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT. Before Hon. Judge Shipman, Jax. 10.—Dron Bourcicault vs, Fou and Lingard.—ibis case, as already noticed, was commenced yesterday and concluded to-day. It is an action for a violation of the matic copyright wef im playing a vorgjon of‘ pain- tit's drama of the ‘Ootoroon,” at the New Bowery theatre, in January, 1860, under the maniement of the defendants. The damages claimed by the plaintiff were $2,500. The facts of the case were as fol!ows:—The plaintiff, whilo engaged at the Winter Garden theatre, on Breadway, wrote and produced this play. After it had | arun some difficulty occurred between the author and the manager, and tho former withdrew from the theatre. Mr. Wm. Tryon, the treasurer of the defendants, applied to Mr. Stuart to purchase the manuscript of thy deama, and for the consideration of $100 the trausfer was made, Mr. Stuart retaining a copy of the manuscript. By @ subsequent arrangement tho sconery and machinery of the piece became the property of the ‘defendants for the sum of $50. On the Monday after these transactions the picce was produced at the defendants’ theatre. It was proved that the usual advertisements in the daily and weekly papers, and by yo:ters and small bills, notice was given that the piece was to be produced by permission of Mr. Siuart, and the pla ‘atiff kuew of the performance by passing the theatre daily, rec gnizing one of tue defenda Lingard, ono of tho defendants, proved that it customary for managers to employ a dramatic author, at a weekly salary, to write pieces for the mabagement, which thon Deeume the sole property of the managers, It was, therefore, contended that the right had passed from the employe to the employer, and that Stuart, and not Bour- cleanit, was the owner of the draina, he having received for ten weeks agalary of $700 per week. After this the agreement was changed, in ord:r to prodvce the “Octo. roon,’’ on condition of his (pouretoanlt) haying one-ha'f cf tho net profits, Under this state of facts, counsel for the defendants, ex-Judge Whiting, contended that either the d.ama had been dedicated to the public use or an abandonment of his right to tui ont a copyright; othe-- wise he had parsed away his right to Stuart & Field, who had transferred it to the defendants. Judge Shipman, in his charge to the jury, submitted the fol.owing points:—the literary property of the play, if it was the originai production of the plaintiff, was in im; that he produced, wrote it, Stuart testified, aud the ‘fact tbat he was in the employ of Stuart would confer upon the latter no'titie to the play and vo right to vse it beyond the terms of his contract, which was to bring ovt bis play at the Wiater Garden. Whena man hires another to write a work tho literary composer is tho author, and not the employe. The author omployed to write a beok or play, although ho may use facts and in-iden ¢ his own. intellectual Intor stantially new in itself, ho is ‘Many ofthe fiuest productions of $ that have enriched the literature of vo embeded much that was old and well The old insierials may be tikencd to dry bones, the breath of ereative genius © clothes flesh and calls into life. That au author may mn his production to the public; bat in this e139 there is no evidence of any such abandonment on the part cf the plaintif. That undor the terms of the 01 keown, which contract between the jlaintiy and Stuart, or lis tras- Field, whateyer might be their right to represent the de. t the'play mmder thoirown management or supervisi contract gave them no power to sell that right to th fen @ants, and they could confer no right upou the de! ants to play at the New Lowery theatre, an entirey in- dependent establishment, withont nsent of the mts did go represent it, aa jury will inquire if was meentof the pilaintiif. If it was with the con- plaintiff, then he is not entitled to recover. If it vas witout ifs cons he is entitled to recover. As the convent is alleged by the defendants as an answor to claim of piaintiff, the burthen of p on the Cefendan: The play bill, upon which the ante seek to chanze the plaiat n which knowledge rt. His consent wis obtain- Vow, it is for the jury’ to say whether the defend- Te, OF oven supposed they Wore, acting under the consent of the pla Extract from the play bill of the New Row Tote Punnie.—Mersrs, Fo: ee Le properties, 1.4 fe, which Will be pro iuee dite original The statute says not tees than $100 for the first night and $50 for subsequent nights. Miss Burke says mine nights. This gives $500. ro is DO evidence upon whieh ¢ y can, with propriety, exceed the sura fixed hing appertainis stune brilliant i by the statut: The jury, a ortadsence, brought in a verdict of 9800 for p tif, which carries costs, Counsel fer piain- til, Mr. 1. Cramm, aud for detence, e:.-Judge Whiting. RRC CT rr MR ER a FINANCIAL. AND COMMERCIAL. Fatway, Jan. 10—6 P. M. The movement in gold and exchange received a check to-day, and, as was anticipated, the stock market felt the effect in a general advance of prices. It scems that some of the banks have been heavy lenders of money on gold and ex- change. This morning these loans, or a large pro- portion of them, were called in, and the con- sequence was a relapse in exchange from 115, firm, yesterday evening, to 114%, easy, to-day, and a decline in gold from 101% yesterday to 104% a this afternoon. Large amounts of ex- change and gold have been held by speculators in the street, and probably still larger amounts by parties who are unwilling to invest their money in anything less certain than specie or its equivalent, pending the settlement of the financial difficulty, Some of the former seem to have*sold out to-day and invested in stocks. There is no reasonwhy gold should be worth 444 per cent premium. There is no demand for it anywhere. There is more gold in the country than is required for the pur- poses of trade. The banks hold far more than their average specie reserve, and the country is richer in coin by at least $80,000,000 than it was ayearago. At the same time, so long as Congress wastes time on matters of secondary importance, and neglects to pass a tax bill to scoure the new Treasury notes, itis not surprising that govern- ment paper should depreciate, or, in other words, that gold should rise. The premium on coin— which is not wanted anywhere, and is in excess in the banks—is a mere measure of the public dis- trust of the patriotism and moral courage of Con- gress, and of the apprehensions which are enter- tained that the tax bill will not be passed or will | not be adequate. Money grows sensibly easier. Six per cent is the asking rate everywhere for money at the bank- ers’, and we hear of loans at 6% a5. First class paper is negotiable at the leading note brokers at 6 per cent, and fair business paper at8a10, Go- vernment quartermasters’ and commissaries’ certi- ficates for goods delivered for the use of the army are bought in Wall street at 8 per cent discount. A good deal of country money ia coming into the street for investment or temporary employment; the leading stockbrokers aro persecuted to take money at low rates of interest. The stock market took a sudden start upward to-day, and was rampant ail the afternoon. Every- body wanted to buy stocks, and there appeared to be none for sale. The market seemed to derive its first impetus from the call of the bond list at the first Board of Brokers. As we intimated yes- terday, parties who are receiving Treasury notes from government are hastening to invest them in frst class bonds, Securities of this class rose 1, 2 and 3 per cent this morning. Erie firsta sold at 105; Hudson firsts, 1064; New York Central sixes, 9534; Delaware and Lackawana firsts, par; Erie fourths, 79, &o., &. It has always been noticed on the Stock Exchange that an active and steady inquiry for first class bonds is followed, sooner or later, by @ consumptive demand for dividend paying stocks, and ultimately by a speculative movement in the fancies. Hence the unusual advance in bonds at the morning board stimulated purchases of the leading railway shares during the afternoon, and led to @ general advance, which, as mentioned above, was probably assisted by the operations of speculators who have been bulls in exchange and realized profits to-day, As was natural, the most popular among the dividend paying securities was Pacific Mail, which rose 1% per cent, closing firm at 97% bid. The inquiry for this stock ap” pears to proceed from the same parties who are investing money in bonds. The comparative cer- tainty of 5 per cent quarterly dividends, and the possibility that the February dividend may be 10 instead of 5 per cent, naturally attracted public attention to this security, and much higher prices are predicted for it by speculators. Panama also rose 1% per cent, with a light demand. Erie bonds and stocks continued to advance; the preferred rose 1 per cent, the common stock %. The recent declite in Erie is ascribed to sales by foreigners, based on the Trent affair. It is assumed that as soon as the surrender of Mason and Slitell is known abroad, and with it the large earnings of the road, these parties will endeavor to replace thir interest. Comparing the closing prices of to-day with those of yesterday, we note an advance of 134 per cent in Central, % n Harlem preferred, % in Reading, % in Michigan Central, % in Michigan Southern, % in guaranteed, % in Iinois Central, i# in Galena, 12¢ in Toledo, 1% in Rock Island, 1in Burlington ta Quincy. Among the Western shares the most popularamong operators appear to be Toledo and Galena. Both of these roads are doing a large and increasing business. State stocks were unchanged to-day» with the exception of Missouris, which rose % per cent. United States stocks.are firm, with a rising tendency. The coupon sixes of 1881 rose %% per cent to-day. When government promises to pay become the currency of the country, United States bonds, bearing six per cent inte- rest, cannot well sell at a heavy discount. The market closed very firm, the following being the last quotations:—United States 6's, registered, 1881, 8834 a 89; do. 6’s, coupon, 1881, 90 a 4%; do. 5’a, 1874, 7934 a 44; Indiana 5’s, 75 a 77; Virginia 6’s, 49 a 50; Tennessee 6's, 42% a 437%; North Carolina 6's, 6034 a —; Missouri 6’s, 4194 a 42; Pacific Mail, 9724 a 54; New York Central, 825% a 343 Erie, 35a %; do. preferred, 57a 34; Hudson River, 39 a 40; Harlem, 13% a 34; do. preferred, 314% 0 14; Reading, 36% a 37; Michigan Central, 50% a %4; Michigan Southern and Northern In- diana, 20% a 21; do. guaranteed, 423% a 43; Pana- ma, 11224 a 1%; Illinois Central, 6334 a %; Galena and Chicago, 68144 a %; Cleveland and Toledo, 374% a 4; Chicago and Rock Island, 53% a 3%; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 5834 a 5944; Mil- waukee and Prairie du Chien, 19% a %4; Clewe- land, Columbus and Cincinnati, 106 a 109; New York Central 7's, 1864, 101 a 10034; Erie third mort- gage bonds, 90 a 91; Michigan Central 8's, first mortgage, 96 a 97; Illinois Central bonds, 7's, 90 a—. After the second board an active business was done in the rooin of the outside brokers. Over $100,000 registered United States sixes were sold at 89; 9034 was bid for the coupons. At the final close at five P. M., Galena was quoted at68\, Erie 8534, Erie preferred 575%, Central 82%, Pacific Mail 97% a 98, Toledo 3734, Missouris 42. A large shipment of specie—probably over half a million dollars—is expected to be made to-mor- row to Europe. We should think it was a losing business to pay 4% per cent premium for specie to ship it abroad. Better buy merchandise or stocks and send them out. The Cleveland and Toledo Railroad gains $4,600 the first week inJanuary; the New York Central, $350,000 in December. The business of the Sub-Treasury was as follows $1,169,884 07 109,000 Co 38,465 62 Poymo.ts, inchiding redeemed 6 p.c. notes.. 433,748 95 Balance. , teeeeeee 4,125,843 57 The exchanges at the Clearing House this morning were $15,033,153 14, and the balances $532,460 17. The Pacific Fire Insurance Company has de- clared a semi-annual dividend of ten per cent, payable on the 10th inst.; the Middlesex County Bank, of Middletown, three ard a half per cent, payable on demand; the Waterbury Bank, three and a half per cent, and the Citizens’ Bank, two dollara per share—both of Waterbury; the Fairfield County Bank, four per cent; the Stamford Bank, five per cent—all of Con- necticut, The Union Mutual Insurance Company of New Bedford, a scrip dividend of forty per cent. The Auditor's statement of the condition of the securities and circulation of the banks of Illinois, 3 chey existed on Monday, the 6th day of January instant, shows that the total amount of outstand- ing circulation is now reduced to $1,415,076, se- cured by a total of bonds amounting to $1,411,076— estimated, we presume, at their present valuation. A list of fifty-seven banks is given whose notes are now redeemed by the Auditor at fifty to eighty cents on the dollar, including three banks whose notes are redeemed at par. The annexed statement shows the condition of the Farmers’ Bank of Kentucky and branches on the 31st of December:— Mean:. Kentucky State loan. + $350,000 00 Suspended dedt. .. + '198)376 38 Dee from other banks....... Ronl estate—banking houses. Cash on hand, viz:— In gold and silver. In notes ef other banks... Capitalstock . Notes in circulation. Duo to other banks.. +e Due to individual depositors. Dividends unclaimed. Contingont fond. Profit und loss, Contingent fund, profit and loss, as above. Deduct dividend of 2 p, ¢. deciared this day. Leaves present surplus of. : The Chicago Tribune of Tuesday night says:— The supply of New York oxchange is still much in oxcoss cf the demand, Par was all that sellers could realize, and most of the bankers bought as little as possible, and only from customers at that. Tho nominal solling rate was 4g per cont premium; but some of the banks made concessions of fraction’ to customers on round lots, The demand for gold is light. Tho Indiana branches are selling at 1 por cent premium for Indiana bank notes, and the Bank of Montreai has been selling own notes at the same price. The banko:s hold it firmer, and for general currency are he | 234 08 per cent. For currency the buying price is shout 1402 por cont. Mayor Rumsey and Comptroller Ward have paid the interest due on the bonds of Chicago promptly in the city of New York. ‘The Cincinnati Gazette of Wednesday says:— ‘The past week has beon a comparatively quict one in the money market, and but for the disturbance kept up by the Now York banks, with reference to Treasury notos, wo should have had scarcely a ripple on the sur- face of financial affairs. But, after ail the objections avd threats on tho part of Eastern financiers, these notos are evorywhore current and bankabio, and t must 80 Con. tinue. Our bankers oxperionce a yory lerate demand for money; but paper is bought cautiously, and, except the wants of customers, there ta No disposition to loan, Bastern oxchange is accumulating, and (ho mar.