The New York Herald Newspaper, January 4, 1862, Page 2

2 AiMonlty. ‘Tho-e aro five passages leading to the bar. pes § four of these are to be closed, ofan already ‘closed with stones; the fifth will be blockaded in the manver.” We give this statement, Bol pre- with # view to a sensation, simply a3 the informa which is bolieved in by persons who have no interest ty deceit. But s»ppose, as will probably happen, some of the har- bors of the Se.th w be close! by tue deposit of rtones Feferred to, tho eil-ct wou d be but temporary cannot last vory long, and wien it 8 ended the open the ports wild pend on nothing bat the expenditure of & few thonsan) ponds. ‘the taik of strangling comm and destoyig the ports for all time is mere rant, The proveouin i a estion has ail the oddness and ir- regularity which che American character so much atieets, but it is ntena fd: Operation of warfare, and net ap unmeanin, avenge. ‘ihe Times tehs us that in the do. veiopen.out of ths war we shall be witnesses of such scenes of Horror 43 the world bas not sea sinc’ men fought like wild beasis. But our comtemporary exhausied yeabilary of hovvor last May iu similar peoph cies, whieh are vs yct unfulfiled. If ho really wants to be enrolled amoag the g acdians of the civilization of man- kind he ha- an opportunity of showing bis ambition in a fied who.e th» cap asibility of ingand is direct y on aged, Im actal minds wil judge newspapers as hey fn sentiments they may uth wit by the aim and teadency of their con uct, and will dec! ne to be ieve in the superior humanity of those who fare mov ing hoaven aud arth t» entangle two Christian and Protestant nations in a fratrici al war. The Offences of the United States Against England. (From the Lon. on Times, Dee. 21.) a TR thore was the Canadian rebellion of 1837, The the very shghtest nature, and nothing a the resistauce offered bofore the mutino~'s di-bau:e |, pever t: meet again,and sought refuge in tho American territory. ‘Ihe American authori- tics ‘efused i give op Mackeuzie and his associates on our dema:d, on the ground that, although they had beon @zilly of robbe:y an’ murder, Lier offences wero merely political, a/ the same time the government of the State ‘of New York ‘heew open its arsenals to a portion of its own population caiuing themselves “sympathizers,” in order ‘that the arms waa contain d right be used for the invasion and, if possible, for the sub ugation of a friendly government.’ Fer Unis dutrace, deliberately planned aud the we's of the State of New York, First, Movement was 0: ould be more Ur ifli: Open'y Comuinitte!, nO revara ion was ever inate. government d:sow ork of its own » that the English © by wen armed through the en authority of its govenuent, and yet nobody accepte: any responsibility for their acts. ‘The ish say displayed the same aystom of overboa.ing vio thecheside, the same conci!ia- tory ane theether. Infinite was the abisr po evoved how's. and violent the ea eronchments oo the territory which was at that very mement eer of dispute, Once more we owed in meek hom! ity to che tomuest,and, instead of standing ov rig? ich it was only too easy to support by ux Answerabio acgument, we veleted fiom ourselves a mubteniun well imovm > for his Amerscan. ¢ nnecions and feelin it were poesible, to 3 the most ampic ‘and stifled the conf of Americs was 5 a oppression on ‘he ice? Webster, of certain mays which ap- us the ory by proving the trath and miaud. We gave them the things which surrendered, for the sake uf peace, the Pp Wr than incur apy risk, we threw -p th e Champlain and the com- maniiny f ‘oint, not above forty miles distant fom city of Montreat, The parent bowo! down e Ser offspring, and endeavored to con. chine their »ver and thei” insatiable greediness. a wile stood on the defensive, and ur rights by the sword. But this wo w fit to abandon, and America once i re Ntaordinary desire for vere |, eated with m ch rudeness on the lisherjes of Nova Scotia, but the most whieh oor seli-love was reserved for a by hued choke she can hardly pour forth ‘or iueur too many sacrifices, The su- b for slaves had beou exereised for Jan) withou: oven the pretence of any New York became a favorite depot vific. avd the United States were sud Dornug desire to protect thefhonor visitation of Engish shiys ot war. ¥ prostituies w conceal slave- s by Heagitian and Sp nish veesels. But set thar, wheever might be the ¢ concealed,’ that wickedness should tho mest pecfeet impunity, They ve honorable that their flag should nour kidnapping ond morier than that it coo the high sess by Grea: Britain im the moat disinieresied and exa't the tt be a protest purs ance fa vector ef philanih ony. ‘The law of Detions was against us, and we hat noch cebu t yield, aed thes give another and more © rg p cot ef ove determination to abandon the mostohecshe) ehects of oor poles rather than give the Unt tes an opportunity to fasten a quarrel upon ue. Tin came the afvir of the mlitment. In the very heat ‘a Coman “var our Miniter had what, emside:ing the reste. it bough! abou’, ve ave bound (0 call ‘he indas: ction, f creling (0 envit in Canvle a few recruits for our army. tet to scanty numbers by colt and lamiue, ‘ ng the German population of the \ t That America dees pot estimaie ese one of very first maguitide is abun- yved by her own conduct im filling up ber armica nope * ever: countyy, and seeming content hor defence du the pojniation of mny territory nu. Itwas the tia of « keen Presidential poten! capital was wan: nt our Minister was ign «in ousl, exe bel for this aleve! fence; and wno, for all thes merages ant sup) ote! with such exem: plary meriness sown reward? We are lected as the objects of an insult so strange and so nope, wont, as it is, tocatch greedi- ly at anything which may » compromise our Dayal Superiority, cries shame upon the outrage, and agrees that it is one lo which even we, weil uset ‘as we have been to every species of insnit, cannot possibly sebmit, It is net, perhaps, to be wondered ai, mn we consider ovr former forbearonce, that we consi ler thar at this momen! we are actually giving eflect to @ paner blockade, maintained by a contemptible naval ower, rather than give ‘he #ligitest excuse for a q: arrel, tbat bi se whom we thes earnestiy seek to con- ciliate showid believe it impossible that this last of so an effect which all that we nenerd at lat that there v: lich dignily or w muting any Longer te tree'taen: whirh,on the puted the Uitet Stalez, hes beome hitatual and’ traci tional, Voace can uever be preserved in this way. Sceh conduct, like all etier over nda gener, only tends to make us contemp ible in the eyes of theee on whem it is practised, oni! wesh!l probably be d. iven togivethe most tere ble jroofs of ovr strength be ase we have hitherto used i with « degree of moderatiom which bas caused America to doubt its existence, Secretary Seward’s Letter of November 30, to Mr. Adams, as Read in London. Jiri Une Loncm Post (government orgat) Dec. 21.) b We p esent stare Of the public mind the craving for moos from imeria is naturally 0 great, that every word tht com 8 wih ony Cuthor ity from the of ste 6 la itic & inves'd with an undue imporiane. Thus it pous tha becanre Mr. Adams hos reevived a despat from Mr, Seward which is of a friendly character to this fi leagaut terns the igeeration is swift to lay hold of the circumstance and pulf it up to the largest dimensions. Peyle whispered yesterday, and then sad openly, that the / government had written to disavow the act of ¢ Wikes, that Mr. Lincoln was realy to apologise, an that the whole dificulty was settion, Weare sor y U have to dissipate these too easily raised ill.signs. ‘They are quite wogrounded, for, if we are not misih vmod, the despateh in question “does nut in @ny way whilewr, refer to the outrage on our mat steamer ais only with some of the current business between the two gov-rnments, it is quite to attemp peculate with any cer- tainty uyon pending at Washing ton. Ail that we koow i+ that if the baking and sey have suMcient interest withthe ge peace is tolerably secure: but if the mob ie in (Ls inswanes to have iis sway, the worst may b- appreh nded. © one thing tho country may be perfectiy confident ‘The instru the of Lord Lyons are such as become an Foeish goverment, With all that is due to our own ciouity, thy combine such @ jndiciousness avd temper- ance of preded re American most tender of bis pride will be compia n of our course as menac- ing of hangiuty dent in the justice of our claitn, and resolved t) ¥ rdieate it, it becomes ug to insist without rudeness aud to act wit! ut persion, The Privateers, Pirates of my hy fon «organ ) Dee, two trinls have receatly wken places at) New Yor bot) of viiveb involve questions of great public impor: tance, ‘st of theso was the trial of the crew of the Confederate pri ater Savacnah, which was cavtured Bene months ago off the coast of Virginia by a vessel of war bol oging to the Northern Stats. delay that tonk piace ti binging these men to trial has not been ox. planci. Probab y upon this,as wy other subjects, there was @ cow/lict of opinem in the Cabinet at Wasiring: wever, the trial tok place, but the ne 16 agree upon their verdtet, wi a \t is understood that there is to be a fri «1 the Sew York papers, at least the most intla- ortion of them, do not hesitate to assert thas, should a ver iict of guilty be pronounced, 5 the crew of the Hwvannah will ‘be exsouted [ol ‘The result of this (ria) it is not very easy to account for, From the time which had clapsed since the capture ‘Veawe! in qn ation, aud the amp e opport iniky hes oF. forded for obiauring and arranging tho necessary evi- dence, We shoud have supposed that a conviction was all btoe tala, Whato vree the federal government would have takou fn that event is am re mutter of con,ecture: but it pears to us that to bring these men to trial at all was ac eat mistake. if the United States had joined in the famone leciaration appenied to the Treaty of Paris Of 1856, by which the barbarous practice of privateering was Tennun el, the piblic trial of the crew of the Savannuh would Rave ben a perfe tly comsivient It would been @ pro- eedlanmereuen and emphatic k nd aganet the un- etivedby the onfederat: States, But the Cab net or Washington has com letel: ebarred Ateoif Crom taking this high grou d. it vetuaod, five yours een decided manner, to re. dunce i 1 +. It atl r A hy the generol law ol nuts teach ee Ratios tio 1 ouneed, as between themselves, by ¢ 8 Mie difRoult Wo we, therefore wp n aaa grocae federol government arrum * to treat as pi ate the priva tears ofthe South-n Sots. Ih does not, wt wuss t has hot Ot, RODE bo putilic trial mM traitors the uieicrate prism. ere taken upon aod. i 6 wh: tinguth baw en the | thom? We could destroy each other's commerce, and They are bth oyialy wn governme: i, ad seco cing ty tema in warfare pursued by the one is que a , na tthe fotoral aWwivi B Uhat prac. NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1862.—TRIPLE SHEET. tised by the ochor. To charge the crew of the Savanhah with piracy, while Confoverate soldicre taken upon lant are treaied as prisoners of war, ts it effet to admit chat there is a broad distinction between these different modes | of warfare, If we could suppose that the federal govern: | ment really desired to put an end to privateering we should rejoice that th's distinction had bees made, But we have nothing (0 udiuce us to believe that this is the case, We have every reason, on the for belie ing that the Northern States ‘have no intention of aba doning this antiquated mode of warfare, and that th will not hesitate to resort to itin the event of hostilities wich this . therefore, the crew of the oa- brought t0 trial on the capiia acy, while hundred of other confederate rebels are treat’ as prisoners of war, it seems impossi Die to explain, Meanwhile, we cannot but consider it as a fortunate circumstance that the jury who tried these mai did not avree. Had 2 verdict of guilty been proclaim ed, and the capital sentence carried into effet, we can not dowbt that ‘he Con/oderate States would have been provoked to corresponding acts of retolia'ion, and to the miseries of acteal warfare there would haye been saper- added npon both sides a series of.judtcial murders, We have po sympathy with the crew of the Savannah, but it wil! bo well for the interests of humanity if tho criminal 3 taken against ‘hem are now allowed to drop. mbor 30 asecont trial for piracy took place at Pot the charge in this case was not for privateering. The prisoner, Captain Nathaniet Gordon ed for trading in slaves. He was found guilt; ‘ordance with the law of the United States, se No similar incident } and in a tence of death was passed upon had taken place for upwarcs of forty years, the very se. ty of the law no dou! ost ellectually wo de- feat it. The result of this triai is stated to have taken every one by surprise, even the prisoner himself rogard ing it as a solemn farce. According to the sentence passed upon him, bo is to be executed on February 7. As to the law of the United States upon the subject there is no doubt, Since the year 1819 it has beeua cayi tal offonce for American citizens to engage in the African slave trade, and had this law been duly enforced there would have been an end of tho traffilc long ago. But it is notorious that this has not been the case, The continyed refusal of America to allow the right of search, under any circumstances, in time of peace, has hitherto proved fatal to every attempt upon our part, and apon that of other nations, to put down the slave trade. It is notori- ous that that trade has of late years been carried on principally by means of American capital, an@ under the American lag, which cculd alone protect it. Vessels were built and fitted out at New York and Baltimore expresaly for the purpose, and they could pur sue taeir lawless traffic without the risk of interruption from any crviser except those of the Union. Thore \s no oubt that for some time past joint stock companies have boon e# ablished expressly for the purpose of carrying it on. It may be sait, in short, that American enterpris+ and avarice has for years past supplied Cuba with slaves. What effect is this recent conviction at New York likely to have upon this disgraceful state of things’ Let us hope, whether the extreme penalty of the law is inflicted or not, that it will prove salutary. It is the capitalists of t rth, not the slaveowners of the South, who now en- courage the African traffic. We shall soon know whether Fresitent Lincoln is true to his professions in this impor- tant matier, or whether he has adopted them for personal and party purposes. The Emancipation and Abolition Idea of England. {From tho London Nows (organ of the Abolitionists) Dec, 21.] President Lincoln has now addcd his authority to the weight of the general conviction that some decision must be taken—some measure resolved on, respecting the thonsanis of negr es who are now throwing themselves into the hancs of the federal officers, or making their own way to the Northern cities, It has been understood for some time that this negro question was to be left an open que tivm as long as possible, in der that even's might decide where ruiars could pot agree. Four members of the Cabi- net, sustained by large proportion of the commer- cial class in the great cities, and by many law 5 and preachers (among whem no one nas becn more loud and emphatie than the Rev. Hen- ry Ward Teecher, Mrs. Stowe’s brother), have insisted that the North was pledged to abide by the existing constitution, which recognizes aud sustains The other three members of tho Cabinet, backed iy the whole rural popuiation of the Freo States, ali the abovitioniats, nearly all the army,and the more ardent patrio's everywhere, have for sometime felt and said that this uestion—what mnst be done with the ne- croes?—mvst be the turning point of the federal case. There must be an end of the recognition of slavery, or all was lost: and preparation must be mado for the pecessa- ry alieration of the Constitution, by treating ag men, and not as chattels. the negroes who should repair to tho fed- eral camps or ships. . * * * * Pefore us, in the columns of Southern journals, lie state- ments of the duties of good confederate citizens, and of the ground of their duty. They must drive into the heart of their territory. all their slaves, cattle and pigs, and everything that goes «pon legs; and they must carry such fol us they have transport for; but all else must be cestroyed. As the banks in the seaports would sink their “od in the sea, rather than let the in- vaders have it,89 tho planters must destroy their crops and burn their cotton. But to carry out this scheme it is necessary that the negrees should be either beasts to be driven, in company with the oxen, mulis, hogs and horses, or people capable of patriotism and of political guidance. They happen to be neither. They escape the ond of ‘he cattle driver,or run back at night to the starting place. They come with vast quantities of pro- visions for sale, and they show tho invaders the way to the stores and the granaries. These people are increesing in numbers largely ‘The fetoral officers inte slavery. the need of a policy by proposing a new scheme. He shenws his embarras:ment by propesing a scheme which is monstr-ws. He shows iy his courting of both parties that he Leaves the matter to be settled ae us the pev- vie of the North have now the opportunity they have long waited fer, and can prove to the world that they ave really fushting for freedom, and aiming at the aloliticn of sa- very. What England Tells France. [From the London , Dec. 21.) The Paris Patric of the 19th inst. receives from London the following information, which it states to be “new: Ir the anawer to the English note should not be favorable Lord Lyons will jeavo Warhington in three days and will transmit the orders of his government to Adniiral Milne, who will in that case immediatety leave Jamaica (?) with his squatron to take up a position at Norfolk, a Vir- giuia port on the confines of Carolina, which the basis of the Fnglish naval operations. wo are assured, will maintain an attitude ed neutrality. Admiral Milne will leave at Havani a division of frigates destined to take part in the opera. tions against Mexico. Seven ships of war, recently arme, have already started one after the other for the Autiles, and it is thought that all the vessels ordered to reinforce Adiniral Milne will be et Jamaica from the 25th to the 30th of December. In case the Wasbiegton Cabi net should surrender the prisoners taken from the Trent, that afair will, of courte, be settled ; but a new question will ge Eye vit., ‘wherher the blockade « Southern porte is effective, and negotiations upon this rain’ will be artirely carried on. These negotiations will te of @ very diferent character from the firet, for they ll bear upon a question affecting the commercial in- of ali the powers. wi tere: Mr. Cobden’s Letter on the Crisis. The following letter--referred to in our telegraphic despatches—was received by Mr. Honry Catt, of Brighton, in reply to one inviting Mr. Cobden to attend a forthcoming meeting at Brighton for the purpose of ad. vocating arbitration in the existing dispute with Ame- Tica Mipnvwer, Dec. 16, 1861. Mr Dear Sin—I regret that I cannot ace your invita- tion to be present at the meoting to be held next Mon Jay condemnatory of a war with America, When asked to adress public meetings, my plight» juay now, is that of a man who, baying sprained his ankle, i# invited to enter the lists for a (Bot race. Though the state of my health in other respects is good enough, I am prevented by a loca: affection, for the present, from public speaking. © But I am glad to hear that the workingmen of Brigh- ton are promoting @ moeting on the American question. Tie dgect of ald rational men and true patriots at this mo- ment should be to enforce upon Uv gorernmcnt that principle of mediation or artitration which was the British Plnipoentiary,and sanctioned by the Co of the Powers at Paris in 1856. The protocols of the conference then beld, which were laid before Parliament at the time, but to which few persona have now access, disclose to’ us tho excelient motives alleged by Lord Clarendon for proposing this “happy innovation," which he designed as ‘‘a barrier against conflicte which fre. quently only break forth because it ix not always possible to enter intoan explanation and to come to an unde: standing.” 4 Ad bw pam , lenipoten- ng part, aud was adjourned for two Gyato enable Count Orloff to obtain the ‘‘detinitive adherence” of the Russian government, when the following deciara- tion was unanimously agroed to:— The plenfPotentiaries do not hesitate to expreme:@m the ame of their governments, the wish that States, between which any serious misinderstanding may arise, should, pemvent trciceapern. Md arms, have recourse,as fer aa cir: oe it allow, to the good offices of a friendly wer. Now Is it possible that any case will everarise to which this principle of mediation csn be more applicable than the present? In perfect ignorance of what the answer of the American government may be, I will assume tho worst—that they refuse to surrender the captured en. ify their course by appeate voys, and offer to to inter. national law, What est be more within the of the Paris resolution than that where two inter parties differ in a subtie point of interpational law, it should be referred to the decision of a disinterested third Power? Looking at it even with a view to a practical redress of our prosent grievance, what other course offers so good a hopefor success? The object desired is to place at liberty tho gentlemen who were taken froma British vessel. 1 happen to kno ¢ Mesars. Slidell and Mason personally, and to the latter [am iniebted for courtesies at Wash- ington: and although, as they must know, J can have no ithy for their cause, few porsons would more rejoice myself to see them released from an irksome con- finement. But assum! that to effect this object we d clare war against the federal States, aud that the gentle men are in consequence traveferred from Poston harbor to the interior, does any one acquainted with America be- Heve that it would be possible for Englacd t release spend Countless treamire—we might pour ont blood lik water, and ruin for @ generation two Treat vilizations, but the object aimed at could not be acc hed. On the contrary, if we submit the question to the rd Judication of a third Power, the frst step will be to place wo envoys at the dis, eal of the recog: ize tribunal, Shouid it be decided that they were illegally coptired they will be released, if their eeizure be pronounced jus’ tiftable by international law, they will be Hable to deten tion as pri-onors of war only, and not as rebe's, for the | government of Wash ngton ean have no right of appeal | fo toe law cf ati: nf in jostifeation of their uct exept by acko wlolging th gerent rights of theSouth | Bot it has been said that tho Washington government | wish to inault us with a view to provoke a war. There may be traitors or madmen in the North who would like ‘6 their sovernment involved in the embarrassment of & war with Engiand; but that a government and poo je, who require at this moment half million of men in arms to meet a civil war and guard their capital, should look with anything but dismay at the prospect of a war with the most powerful maritime State in the world, ia | too monstrous & supposition to be seriously believed by those who pretend to entertain it. Atallevents, the true test of the disposition of the American people will be the expressed willingness on our part to resort, if necessary, to the mediation of a third party. Should such a conciliatory step inest with no bet- ter response than a desire to insult and wrong UF, We should be united as one man to repel the outrage, and, the solemn declaration of Paris is lo be impotent all practical good, and a mere dead letter, all the Powers of Europe would in such a case be ranged on Our side, and ready to brand with oulawry a nation guilty of 80 barbarous and wanton au aggression. Fntertaining these views, L recommend the woriing- men of Brighton, and all who take part in similar demou- strations, to raise their voices in favor of arbitration. ‘The cry for peace alone is hardly enough at tho preseat moment. What wo require is peace on the principles of impartial justice; and the truest way of insuring this in case of dispute, whether in the affairs of nations or of in- dividuals, is by calling in the services of a disinterested arbitrator. Iremain, very truly, yours, RB. COBDEN. Mr. Henny Carr. Mr, Buxton, M. P., onthe Dargerss of a ar. {From the London Post, Bec. 20.) Mr. Buxton, M. P., speaking on the American, question recently, said:—It is said that the dispute is not one in its nature referrable to arbitration. It is said we bayo received a blow in the face, that what was enirusted to us has been fiched away, that the American government will have deliberately chosen violence instead of law. But we are going to war not because they repudiate in- ternational law, but because we think their law is bad. Fogland and America are to be piunged into all the hor- rors of a fratridal encounter, a8 being the only practica- ble settlement of a legal cage, quite as intricate, quite as doubtful, as ninety-nine in a hundred of those decided in the courts of common law. (Hear, hear.) I have in my pocket a letter from an English lawyer of great ability, in which he expresses his persuasion that if the case were tried they wondd prove to be in the right... At any rate, we know that never did two parties go into a lawsuit without eacn being full of conviction that all law, jus- tice and equity was on his side, These are the objec- tions that | dnd presented by thoughtful and peace loving meu. ‘There are other objections which I cannot think of without irrepressible scorn. 1 find it said that the Amo- ricans are 80 offensive that we may thank God for the chance of giving them the licking they so richly desorve. What! are Englishmen grown so touchy, 89 wnmaniy, so thin skinned, that for a few hard words they would plunge a continent into war’? (Hear, bear.) Then, again, it ix said, that if we do uot go to war now, probably wo shall have te go to war at some future time, and we had bottor draw the sword while wo are vp and they are down. I say that he is no statesman—he is scarcely a man—who would pludge two brother nations into a terrific war be- cause at sone unknown time, for some unknown cause, somewhere and somehow, possibly the contingency may arise of another war, and that wo should be prudent to forsstall that possibility by snatch- ing at a chance of fighting while our adversary is in the agonies of distress. Words cannot express the scorn I feel for such an ungenerovs—nay, I will say, such @ devilish proposal. ‘These finish the objections I have heard made; but my own belief is that the true reasov why people shrink from going to ar bitration js simply that the proposal.is novet. I wish to 3od that I had the tongue of Mr. Gladstone, that I might only persuade you, but win the ear of my countrymen to adopt the noble principle for which I have boon con- tonding. But 1 have the comfort of feeling sure that the day is coming, and coming quickly, when that principle will be treasured among the undisputed axioms of states- men, and when it will be with melancholy wonder that men will recall how, on a question of theoretic legal prin- ciples and precedents, England rejected the arbitration of a judge, and reahed to tho violence of the sword; that when there lay broad before her a pattf that led at once to peace and to honor, she preferred a course that led to an awful war—with this result: that after hundreds of the ga of her peoplo had been fluag to the fter field upon field of battle bad been soaked blood of her bravest, after tens of thousands of her own gallant children—yes, on whichever side they fought, of her cnildren—had to death in agonies that no tongue can tell, she found at the end that she had gained no shred, no jot, no title of good or happiness for her- alfor for mankind. (Cheers.) Hiram Fuller, the Famous New York Editor, in England. (From the London Post (government organ), Dec. 20.) Yesterday evening Colone! Fuller delivered an address in St. James’ Hall on the subject of the civil war in America. Although the capacious hall was tar from fillod, there was a rather largo audience, amongst whom there were some of the most distinguished Americans at present residing in this country. The chair was ocen- pied by Dr. Charles Mackay, who brieily introdaced the locturér as a colonel in the American army and formerly editor of the New York Mirror. Colonel Fuller, after a few introductory remarks, said that when, on coming to the conskieration of the fratri- cidal war which now raged in America, he avowed him- selfas a follower of Webster, the great admirer of the Union, he should not be accused of too great a proclivity to secession. In discussing this subject, on which men so warmly and s0 widely differed, bo proposed to deal with facts without obtruding opinivns or hazarding pre- dictions, He was well aware that he rau the risk of giv- ing sectional offence in speaking on & question which twenty millions on the one side and ten millions on the other wore disputing at the point of the bayonet, and which rendered drawing foom aforum and every barroom a battle fivid. ‘The South asserted a right which the North dented—=the right of secession. On that he had little to say—it was a question on which the greatest statcrmen differed: It was enough tosay that the South bad a religious belief in it, and most assuredly they bad proved their fuith by their acts. The causes of disunion extended far back, reaching even beyond the foundation of the government. In the first place the American sys- tem was an incongruous system. The universe itself could not remain entire with two supreme powers at the head, and how could America with her seventy-four so- vereignties? The first moment of the practical assertion of the right claimed by the South was the taking of Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, and the voluntary union was digso!ved whilst the new doctrine of coercion was proclaimed at Washington; and tuat new doctrine was now preached by federal cannon and federal bayonets. ‘The cause of secession dated far beyond tho union of the old thirteen Statee—beyond even the doctrine of self- government laid down in the cabin of the Mayflower, and signed by thirty-one fugitive Pilgrims. ‘The North was settled by the Puritan: South by the Cavaliors and in this raliical fact Iny the seeds of perpetual antago: nism. Next to the primary differences of religion and education,came the difference caused by climate and occu- pation. Ym the North men worked for # living and schemed for a future, and to such employment was natu- ra’. In the South, labor, which was seldom a luxury, Tecamo less a necessity. Manual labor was thore not only irksome, but earns thus, while in the North the majority paid the penalty of man's disobedience, earning their bread by the sweat of their brow, in the South they earned their bread by the sweat of their gross. Another cause was their widely different legis tive policy. The North sought for the protection of her manufacturicg mterest, the South was for free trade— for open markets with all the werld. This was rathor A financial difficulty, and in every Congress were found tariff and anti-tariff men fighting for their own pockets, He would now come to the more direct und im- mediate cause of the American disunion, and he pro- nounced it in one word—abolitionixm. ’ Abolitionism caused the war—secessioniam precipitated it. The pe- culiar form of abolitionism was political, not social. It was the free soil party, and not the philanthropists of Boston or Exeter Hall, which had driven on secession, ‘Tho free soil party was opposed to the admission of new @ States, not on moral grounds, but because every new State added two members to the Senate, who acted ‘as a check on the laws enacted for the aggrandisement of tho Northern manufacturers, Sentimente abolitionism had very few advocates in Congress, and none in the Cabinet,” South Carolina wanted the manufactures of nce and England duty free, and desired to pay for them in her own cotton, without having it clipped at New York on its way to Manchester. Slavery was too great a question to be fippaatly disposed of at Fxeter Hall, or to be wiped away by those who shed tears over the imaginary wrongs of fictitious “Uncle Toms” and impos. sible ‘+Little Tops: Slavery had ever existed in some form or othor. The South profited by it and retained it, I ike the black suake beneath the sun could alone work profite of the South. But “slavery, s of the North, “is a grievous wrong, and being inyplicated in it constitutionally we will root it out.’” 80 they weed fratricidal war that four millions of Africans might be set at liberty to work, wan. der, steal or starve. He could testify that a happier, healthier, better fedor more lightly tasked class of la. borers than th ves he had never seen either in Europe or America. ‘Ihe master who ill treated his slaves was everywhere detesied and avoided, an@ even the women who did #0 were sent to Coventry, and yet the Christians of the North refused to hold fellowship with the slave- holder, Antagonism ripened into hatred, and the result was open war. The malignant anti-slavery policy of the North became organic when Mr. Lincoln was olected Pre« sideat—be who declared that ‘the States must be all free or ail slave States.’’ From the moment of his election to the Presidency secession was a forogone conclusion, Hi ing drawn a vivid picture of the state of lar feeling in the North and South after the taking ‘tSumter, the lecturer proceeded to say that from that moment he had never heard from man or women in the South a single word in favor of reunion. On the hana, they showed Hh ten determination to spend their last dollar, and to shed theie last drop of blood, to resist invasion and even the women stripped Ishemseives of their jowols to equip the army of their defenders. The Southern army Oe eeTS aneramerets some regiments it was not unusual eo jons, grandfather, fa and oon of the ‘oldest fernilien; and, Pertuape, oe emer over wont into the fleld with ao large « proportion of well edueated and wealthy gentlemen. Men like these went into battle as if they Were entering on single combat: and, air troer conception of the state of feeling in the Seuth could be gained than frum the words ‘the spirit of rosistance is up to ak point.” Women, Pp. foats and bishops were onlisted in the eause, and even the slaves asked permission of their masters to go and fight the Yankee abolitionists. The Southern States con. sisted of oven States, with a territory of 770,000 sjuare miles. All hope of reconciliation had passed away. Sec. tion was arrayed against section, father brother against brother, There were Irish, Fron: German reg French and German regiments in the South. It was no uestion of race, blood or religion that divided them, Let him now refer to the elements of the different ar mes. In tho North there was tmanufactoring aud a tending people; the South was peculiarly agricul tural, In conaeqnénes of emigration the population of the North erhbraced Ty pation, tribo and peop ‘There were the e swarms of convicta, paupers and re: ,and thee the right of free suffrage gave a power which was a dangoro # @lenont in the State, Unroairict iifrage was ihe f y. When Pontius Pil ave the feauchase (0 th 'y clocted Barabbas, and and from that day to this there were thousands of instances to disprove the popular that ‘the voice of the people is the voice of God.'” The seceded States wero omparatively free from the admixture of foreigners. There 400,000 white men held 4,000,000 slaves. Tho conatitution of the Confederate States as granted was far superior to that of the federal States. It was particu- larly 80 m two respects. ‘There was an extension of the Presidontial term to six years, with a prohibition against re-election; ad the appointment of al! Confederate oili cera, except Cabinot Ministers, was fer life, or during good behavior. ‘Thus there was a check on oflice seek ing, and on the clamorous hounds for place. By this system of place bunting the North had become & nation of politicians without a statesman Deing left, and thus it became worse thas was conveyed in the description of the French. man who, having visited the United States, exe aimed, “My God, what a country—250 religions and only one soup’—(laughter)—to which a Yarrkee journalist retorted on France by saying, ‘‘My God, what & nation— 200 soups and ne religion,” (Renewed laughter.) Ho would not attempt to unroll the horrible panorama of tha fratricidal war, the bloodiest picture ever painted by the hand of time, where every gain was a loss and every vic tory was adefeat, Mr. Russell, of the Times, was & most powerful and impartial historian of the war. When ho wrote from hearsay, he was entitled to only bearsay credit; but when “Our Own Correspondent” concluded is letters with “A this 1 saw and was gart et” then the reader migtit rolyon him, After sgy@% montha of blocdsbe4 and slaughter there wore no indications of pea@, and the only hope of settling these differences bemed to be a sort of latent faith in mutual oxhaustion. ‘The North tauntod the South with stealing Northern pro- rty. The South replied that when the colonics broke ‘rom England théy had dope the samo, and even con- erted tb» leaden statue of Wi) stood in i: yey Green at New York, inte bullets for tho slaughter of the King’s subjects, and had’made no restitu- tion—(lavghter)—but that when the war waa over the South intended to take an inventory of all property and tostriko an equitable balance. They further said tbat they never intended to take Washington after the battle of Bull run, because the public property in that city would form too large an item in the sottio- ment. (Oh, oh! and laughter.) The effect of the war at home had beon most disastrous, xcept to contractors and spocuiators—it had disorganized, demoralizod and divided e. American people, while abraad it had disturbed the commercial relations of the world. In the Nerth peace- advocating newspapers wero suppressed—suspected men and women wero hurried off to the bastinado, They bad not, it waa trao, commenced hanging on either side yet, but'when they did the price of hemp would go up. (Laughter.) ‘Tho depreciation of real estate in New York alone already exceeded tho cost of the war. Now, should the reconstruction of the Union take place, if, instead of States, departments wore substituted, as in France—a solid form of government—it might ronder the republican theory practicablo. At the bottvm of all this controver- sy and conflict lay tho great question of government— “Was it to be despotism, modelled on the iden of sove. reignty, which controlled the universe, or a republic. resting ‘on the will or caprice of the people” Colonel Fuller concluded ‘his address in tho following words:-— ‘Thomas Hood has satd Give us an angel from Heayon—and despotism. England to day, under the benignant reign of a Christian Queen, is realizing the better half of the poet's prayer, and now ig this trying hour, when the cloud of domestic sorrow Sver her whom God has clected to be the sovereign ots great people—Prince Albert's mourning widow, now tho nation’s bride—I trust thero, is not a heart in the British isles—no, not one in+Christendom— which does not beat responsive to the universal prayer, “God Save the Queen.” Loud applause followed the conclusion of tho addreas, which was remarkably well delivered. During soveral portions of it the lecturer was warmly applauded, while on the other hand som of his sontiments provoked mani- festations of disapproval of a character quite inconsistont with good breeding. English Financial View of Investments in America. {From the London Times, (city article,) Dec. 20.) The disregard by the federal government of America of the principles that through recent centuries have miti- gated the worst barbarities of war, has led who are interested in private commercial and pecuniary affairs witb that country to entertain some feeling of solicitude as to whether, intheevent of hostilities with England, similar indifference woul not be manifested to the ex- ample set by Europea: nations in dealing with such cases. It i3 true the doctrines of the United States in this respect have been hithertojn full accordance with those of the rest of the civilized world, and that even eo long back as. 1794 they were distinctly crbodied ina treaty. Suppos- ing any respect to be stifl entortainod for the motives and principles then avowel by thomselves, there can bo no reagon to apprehend any dishonorable course; but the boldness with which the hitherto cherished axioms of President Madison, and of all his successors, on tho right of search question, have just been disavowed and con- temned, furiishes ca for fear that the present career of the United States is intended to be made remarkabie not merely by a perfect independence of the precedents of ‘every other uation, but aso of their own, when the pur- poses of the moment can thus be botter served. Annexed is the article of the treaty referred to:— Extract of Tenth Article of Treaty between Great Britain and the United States of the 19th of November, 1794, commonly referred toas Jay's Treaty. Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation to individuals of the other, nor shares nor moneys which they may have in the public funds or tu the public or private batiks, shall, even {n any event of war or national difference, be sequestered or confiscated, it being unjust and impoliae that debts and engagements contracted and made by indi- viduals having coniidence tn each other and in their re- ive governments should be destroyed or impatred by aor thority on account of national differences and iscontents, Unhappily, the Gonfederate States of Amorica seem little likely to show any superiority over their opponents in their sense of what is due to private rights. The system of confiscation of the property of individuals and non-belligerents was commenced on tho occurrence of the present outbreak almost simultaneously in both sections of the eouptry, and nas been carried by the confederates to the extent of sequestering all the property of neu- trals—Englishmen and othors—situate in the Southern States, and held in trust fer their owners by Northern citizens. ig! dred strong, under the command of Colonel the Hon. Hugh Manvers Percy, C. B. (Victoria Croas) , assembled, shortly after six o'clock yesterday morving, on the parade ‘at the Wellington Barracks, preparatory to their Ceparture for Southampton. After a due inspection, and afver partaking of breakfast, at half-past seven o'clock the battalion left for the Waterloo Station of the South- western Railway. f to the death of the Prince Con- sort, the regimental did not accompany the battalion to the station, On their arrival at the terminus, the men were told off in fours, and with the greatest facility—the system having been initiated by the late General Torrona— the train started at eight o'clock with its gallont burden; so that the entire battalion,each man carrying bis rifle and a cooked ration, left quarters and started by ruilway for their destination within baif an hour. The men were loudly cheered as they proceeded to the railwa, ‘The Second battalion of the Scots Fusilieis, of the same strength , commanded by Colonel William John Rid- ley, left the Wellirgton barracks at eight o’ciocl dh pursued ‘the same route, it having Len arranged for the titalion also tv embark at Southampton. The same ex- cellent ezcangements were observed, and, without the slighvest contusion or delay, the battalion departed at hait-past eight o’ctock (or ils destination, Sout: pton, A finer or more efiiciont body of men never quitted our Shoros for military service abroad. We are informed that on calling over the muster roll only seven men were found wanting, and their places were promptly supplicd by a reserve. which, in svch emergencies, is invariably 3 officers and men of both’ battalions ap- peared in high spirits, and Yooked fully up to any duty they might be calied upon to discharge in our ‘North Ame- rican ies. ‘The steamer Adriatic, with about seventy-two officers and 1,00 non-commissioned officers and privates of the Grenadier Guards, and the Parana, with about 1,000 men and officers of the Scots Fusiler Guards, and eighteen Royal Engineers, left the docks about two’ o'clock after. noon of December 19, and amhored in the river. Both vessels were to sail for their destination the next morn- ing. : [From the London Times, Dec. 20.] The Adriatic, Captain G.C. Nicholson, takes out the Grenadier Guards and @ battery of artillery, and the ments in the North; and there were Irish, | military bag oY which the particulars were reported yesterday). The staff of the Guards, which is composed a3 follows, also proceed in this ship:—General Lord Frederick Paulet, who commands the brigade; Captain George G. Gordon, of the Scots Fusileers, Brigade Major; tnd Captain Seymour. of the Coldstream Guards, Aide de- camp. The following is a complete lis: of tho officers who have embarked:—Coionel, Hon. H. Percy, V. C.; Lioute. nant Colonels, M. Bruce, Lord F. Fitzroy, U. G. Ellison, A. Capel Cure, J. and R. Anatrut! H. King, W. B. De Horsey, E. H. Cooper ph Laptains, F. A. T. Clayton,S. A. B. jalet, Hon. J.C, Stanley; E. W. L. W. Viscount Hood, R. H.C. D. Lowe, G. Phillips, T. F. Fairfax and KE. C. Na- . W. Pakenham, J.'l. R. L. Fox, L. b6-" C. J. Herbert, ©. H. Stanley, "Duncombe and G. 'P. Littleton; , J. ‘Hockey; Surgeon, C. R. Nicoll; As: sistant Surgeons, H1. J. H. Lawrence ‘and G. P. Girdwood, 41 sergeants and 800 mon. ‘The Parana, Captain T. W. Sawyer, has embarked thir- ty-two officers and 887 non-commissioned ofticers and pri- vates of the Scots Fusileer Guard, together with tive off cors and 120 men of are tho officers of tMfe Fi HR. rymple and F. C. A. Stephenson, C.1.; Lieutenant Colo. nels the Hon, R. Charteris, H. G. Wilkiazon, W. Aitchison, E. Neville, F. Baring and H. C. Flotcher (attached from the Firat Vattalion); Captains D, H. Blair, W. J. tous, Ke an R, . Berost W. 8. Rooke, C. Shelley, J. é. Ford, ©: W. White ang R. A. Daizel r B. Cunliffe, A. A, Speies, 8. J. Ram, H. Farquharson,J. H. W. Thomas St. J.N, Barnes, karl Dunmore and W. R. M. Wynnot Captain and Adjutant, @. H. Moncroiff; Battalion Surgeon, ¥ inson; Assistant Surgeons, A.G, Elkington and H. ‘urner. ‘The total number of troops who go ont in the Adriatic and Parana is ninety-four officers and 2,261 rank and file, vu AdriationStaff, 2 officers; Grenadier Guards, 33 off. cors, 841 men; Military Train, 15 officers, 900 men; Artil- Jory, 6 officers, 113 men, Total, 67 officers, 1.164 tnen. Farana—Scols Furilec:®, 82 officers, #81 mon; Royal Enginoe:s, 6 ollicers, 120 men. Total, 37 officers, 1,007 men. As the Adriatic moved ont of dock the large shidds on her paddle boner, emblazoned with the stare and stripes, remind ect everybody of (he remarkacia coincidence that an Ameri- can built steamer, and until within a few moths the pro- perty of American owners, chould be one'of the first employ. et i the transport of British treops to the Northern part | le American continent, to ope ate, probably, against the oa ory in which she was built On the two voraels leaving the dooks the Voluntoor band tok up & position ou the extreme end of the jetty, as the Adriatic slowly moved past they played the ppropriate airs of “7 Wish I Was in Diste," British Gronadiors ” followed by Cheer, Boys, Cheer, and ‘should Aald Acquaintance be Forgo.” as tie Paral paseod, in each cage closing with God Save the Queen afior whol severed parting rounds of enthosiastio cheers were exchanged between the multitude of spectators on hore and the gallant fellows on board tho vessels. THE NEW ENGLISH ADMIRAL FOR NOBTH AMMBICA, (ortemouth (lec. 19) correspondence of London Pest. } Roar Admiral 8. C. Dacres hoisted his flag this morning on Board the Kdgar, Captain G. P. Mends. In consequenes of the death of the Prince Consort tho usual salute was dispensed with, The Edgar is expected to leave on Si.n- day for Lighon, to meet that portion of tho tleet from the Mediterranean to be placed under his command, and wait further orders consequent on the reply from the Ameri-an President, Should war be the result, Admiral Dacres will then proceed to join Admiral Milne, as second in com- mand: but should peace till be preserved, the ships from the Moliterranean will return to that station, and she admiral to Spithead, in tho Pagar, which will immodi- ately refit, and h» will proceed to the MedHorrancan in her as hi tear Admiral Mandy , (Malta (Pec. 18), corresponconce of London Post.) On the Sth inst, Admiral Matin’ received a do-patch from the Lor’s 0° the Admiralty in four hours. | ‘this is the quickest messag@us yet received along the Moditer- ranean telographiy line. Its purport is understood to be the despaich of all the dispcrable vescels of war to Gibraltar, to be ready to enter Aiver can waters in caso of war with the Federal government. Rear Admiral Daeros, B., has been solected as second in command of the ‘est India tloet, and left for Marseilles on Tuosday in H. M. 8. Foxhound, the Honvrable Captain Hobart. REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE BRITISH FLEET—-THE coast Daren, Pec, 19) corrd3jon jence of London Post.) tion, 6, paddle sloop, Commander J. ying receive) a number of 100-pounder ‘Amstrong guia from the Royal Arsenal, for the coast dpfences of Pritish North America, Jett the barbor this afternoon, at two o'clock, for Greenhithe, to adjust com- passes previous to joining the American squadron. The Monkoy steamer also left the harbor this evening for Greenhithe with additional war stores, to be shipped on board the Devastation, which has recontly been robuilt, and isnow a fino vessel. Hor armanent includes one 100-pounder Armetrong gun, ‘The Rapid, 11, screw steam vessel, recently launched at Deptford, anu to be commissioned at this yard for the North American station, is ordered to have an armament of 40-pounder Armstrong guns. ‘The Satellite, 21, serew corvette, lying in Plymouth Sound, has taken on board her powder, and will sail in a few days for the southeast coast of America, taking out with her the Spider and Sheldrake gunboats, THE QUESTION IN IRELAND. Woolwich Devast Dobroe M'Crea. Quecn Victoria and The O'Donoghue. {Dublin (icc. 19) coriespondence of the London Post.) The richly deserved punishment of The O’Doneghue's recent uijjv'stiflable conduct and langusge will give gene ral satisfaction. ‘ho pubjicfelt that the government was tw blame in overlooking his alliance with tho “National and tho magistracy st Jarge, gentlemen who detost the principles of (hat faction, also considered the reven tion of his namé‘on the «ficial roll as nothing Jess than a griev: ‘How, it was often asked, could any one pro- test with success avuinst disaffection ia ireland, when one of its leaders was ulluwed to abuse the position given to him by the crown for euforcing thy laws and uphold- ing the iisti-utions of the country, by teaching doctrines subversive of both? Tho question was a vory natura! one; but it will now be seen that tho authocities wero just as alive as tho prblic to the necessity of putting an end to this anomaly, ‘The Hrening Muti boiteves that it was in anti- cipation of his removal from the commission of the peace, and witha view if possible to prevent it, that he drow up and publishe: the following letter: — Derricin Caste, KENMAI Gayriguen—On Thursday evening J received your ter of the 10th inst., acquainting mo that on that evening the committee nominated a. the Rotunda was to theet tor the first timo. I now beg to inform you that I withdraw from the committee, as, upun reflection, I see that the resolution appointing it’ waa too hastily adopted, and, moroover, that the commi:tov, aa at present ¢ nstituted in tho absonce of many weil known name®, cunnot cv mand confidence Of the country. Iam, gentiomen, your faithful servant, O'DONOGHUE. ‘To Meare. R. O. Kxuy and Fowarp Horyweop. ‘The Dublin Vaily Express obs “ves: It cannot be said that in this ingtanoo the oxecutive has acted with precipitate rigor. Sufficient timo had been allowed for the fervor of the Irish nationalists te cool, ‘and, if we may judge fron: the tone of The O’Donoghe's lotter, the proci<s has commenced, although repenta::ce has been too ‘ate. Our readers cannot have forgotten the fact that this g-ntleman presiaed at alate mecting in the Rotunda, the vb,ect of which was to express sympathy with those who had ojfere’ a flagrant insult to the honor of this empire. The manifestation of senseless dis- affection made upon that occasion by men who scan- dalously ab) se the constitutional freedom which they enjoy was disgraceiul in the highest degree, and would not have been tolerated by any other government in the world, To have passed over without some reprchen- sion the conduct of ove who, holding her Ma ijestp’s com- mission of the peace, engaged in such a traitorous pro- ceeding, would have been to connive at the commission of a press cutrage upon the loyal feeling of the country apd the respect «ive to her Ma sty, her crown, and dig- nity. Possibly The O'Donoghue may have supjosed that he Would havo been allowoi the same impunity for his offence which Captain O'Reilly obtained when he violated tho Queen’s proclamation against foreign enlistment, and Joined the Pope's brigade to sustain an odious and iutole- rable tyranny. He inay have have coutrasted the indul gent ‘urbearance of the government in that instance with the cager haste and iilexibie soverity with which the offence of the magistrates of the North, who incurred dis- pleasure by a too conspicuous display of loyalty, was visited, and he may bave imagined that none but those who are true to the throne and constitution neod appre- hend the resentment of the Irish Executive. If such were his expectations we believe they have been disappointed, as they deserved to be. Ho has boon called upon to re- store to the authorities the trast which he has abused. The penalty is extreme'y light in proportion to the mag- nitude of his offence, but we are glad to find some evi dence that the Irish government, unrestrained by the po- litical influence which may be used against them, are de termined to perform their duty with impartiality and vigor. THE FEELING IN FRANCE. Sunday. is (Dec. 18) Correspondence of the London Post.) wing what efforts have been mado and are still making by the leading men of the North to avold war, I have ventured to stand with the minority and believe that hostilities will be avoided, This I find more widely ers in Paris to-day than before. And I must observe fhat here we have from the first entertained more hopes of peace than on your side of the water. A despatch arrived at the Bourse to-day, dated New York, the 7th, which says:—The journals state that President Lincoin has declared his wish to observe a prudent policy in his foreign relations, and that no fear of war with England exists unless that Power seeks a pretext for hostilities. No anxiety on that subject is felt by the goverument of Washington. I prosume you have the same nows in London. Napoleon’s Idea of an Arbitratio: [Paris (Dec. 18) Correspondence of the London Times, ‘The asserts in ite ‘latest news’ that ‘‘the Frenc! overnment has made overtures to the Cabinets of st. otereburg, Vienna and B:rlin, with a view to such un- derstanding in regard to the questions raised by the An- glo-American conflict as mny lead to @ common action, in the eventuality of a mediation.”” ‘The ‘‘inspired”’ prints say notbing of this news, which comes under the head of “important if true. in Paris Think. {Paris (Lec. 19) Correspondence of the Londou Times. } A telegraphic message of the 7th, received hero yester day from New York, attributes to Presi'ent Lincoln and other official persons language which, #0 far as it goes, is of a pacilic character. 1t is to tho effect that the policy of the federal government tn what concerned its relations with foreign governments was a peace policy. Exact in- formation had not yet arrived of tho deep anu general seusation produced in kugland by the capture of t Southern Commissioners, though perhaps there wei some misgivings, The absence 0. all mention of the Tren! in the President's message, and eveu the vote of thanks by Congress to the commander of the San Jacinto is, curiously enough, taken by Americans here as showing the little political importance attachcd to it by the government and the people, and how little they think thal a mere incivient of the war could ibly occasion a rupture betwen them and England. In American society the possibility, oven tue probability, of the snrrender of the prisoners is a mitted, which is so far achange. A good deal, if not ail, they say, will depend on the form and tove in which these demands are made, and of which we know nothing certain as yet. President Lincoln is described in the despatch to which I allude as stating that no war would follow un'ess Lngland had dotermined to avail herself of the first protext for war. That England is resolved on war teams to be the impression om the American mind; and Tam assured that General Scott on leaving France ex- pressed himself much to the same efloct. What appears most strange to us is that the Amoricaua svom to be jer. suaded that no illegal act has been committed by the cominander of the San Jacinto, and that this accounts for the little importance set upon it on the othor side of the Atlantic. Prince Albert's Faneral. THR HEALTH OF QUEEN VICTORIA—HER JOURNEY FROM WINDSOR. [Windsor Palace Letter (Dec. 19) to London Post. The preparations are rapidly being made in the Chapel Royal of St. George for the approwching funeral of the Jate lamented Prince Consort. The north, south and centre Jes have already been boarded over, and by tu-morrow will be ready to be covered with bluck cloth. ‘The pave- ment of tho choir has been covered with matting, pro vious to the cloth being laid over it, and the stails of the Knights of the Garter will then be draped in biack. ‘The entrance to the royal vault has already been opened, and the machinory adjusted for lowering tho coftin, which, as «we lave beforo si , will temporarily placed without the iron gratiig of the tomb house, in the same manner as the lato Duchess of Kent's remains were deposited until removed tothe mausvieum at Frogmore, as we are onublod to state that it is the intention of her Majesty to erect @ still more mag. nificent tomb in the garden at Frogmore, near to that of the royal duchess, to which, when finished, tho re mains of the Prince Consort will be remowed. A’ covered ‘building ts also nearly completed at the aor th entrance to the chapel, under which the hearse will be drawn, and whore the corpse will bo received by the down and ca- nons, and officers of state. Cardinal Wolvoy @ Chapol is ‘also being fitted up, avd & covered entrance to it, by the cloisters, is boing erected, as the chap! wili be approp i ated exclusively to the members 0. tho royal family. who, aa the procession moves down the smith wile, will pret ood along tho north aisle, so as to join the procession ag {t proceeds up the nave into the cha, ol Hor Majesty left Windsor under ‘he strictest privacy, having proceeded through the Slo; ex to the South Wost ern station, 16 )@°son being on the platform but Lord 1. | their industry aud by the march of their braves, An | Row, when the beauty of our Israel has been slain in ou fred Paget, and not eve be in @rendance, The I'ri Alice, Helena and Louise jot members of the royal family nok train ‘Tho Prince of Wales returne:t to Frogmore thi. evening | after accompanying bis royal mother to Gosport, and | and the | rincess: her Maj sty, ihe aving left by u ten 0 ‘seo'ng her on board the yacht. As hor Majesty will 2 peclused as Osa be Whiat at Osborne, more tua ove: vsua, Quinber of royal servants will be seat to Buckingham /alace. 2 {Portsmouth (Dec. 19) correspondence of London Post.} ‘Her Majesty the Queon, uco-mpanied by the Prince of Wales, the Princess Alico and the Prince of Hesse, and attended by Lord Alfred Paget an 1 the ladies of the svite, arrived by specia! train at the Royal Clarence yard at three o'clock this afternoon, and having embarked on board the royal yacht Fairy, Captain the Hon, J. Denman, immediately proceaded oul of the harbor for Osborne: The greatest pejvacy was observe, not a person, except- ing those on actual duty in attendance on the royal party, boing allowed to be présent, The Prince’s Every-Day Health and Pro- Gress Of the Fever—His Medical Treate ment. [From the London Medicat Times, Pec. 19. There were ductuations from time to time, and even within an hour of bis death coexpressed himavlf - as strong enough to get out of bed: novertheless, a tar- rible fit of congestion of the lungs ensued, in which he expired, shortly before ven at night. ‘The Prince's constitution was one of those which was not calculated to bear the brunt of an enfeebling zymotic divoase. Spite of an active athietic life and of careiul diet, he displayed an early tendency to increase of bull which ia rarcly compatible with @ heuithy rigility of fibre, ted gasily dopressed by & common cold or any ht accidental illness, had a feeble circulation, ilmess would at any tracted z and firmly believed that any sev time be fatal to him. How and whon he hia fatal illndss ia matiér of conjecture purely. All maladies of this this class have a © period of ixoubation.”” Tho fatal zymotic poison is imbibed, Dut it does not at once chow its full eifots. It broods for & certain numbor of days, like leaven, in the veins of the victim hefore there ensues thut shivering Bt of greater or less intensity, which is the starting point the actual feyer. Some poisons, ke the. smal/pox, have fixed periods*ef incubation: others,as the scarlet fever, are uncertain, for there may bo no interval whatever— the fever may bogin immediately on tho receipt of the posion, In the typhoid the perind of incubation is proba. bly about a week, and the source of tho fatal poison must have been at some place which the Prince visited during the last week of November. Was it Cambridge? Was it South Kesington? It is vain to speculate. The causes of typhoid fever still abound evon in places which ought to be the mostexempt from them. Like poisons of their class, they evi iently do not #fect ail alike, but only some Persons who aro prodisposed, and no one who travols much can be suro that hy mzy “ot moet with them. So soon as unfavorably symptoms manifested them. solves, Sir Jamos Clark avd Dr. Jenner requested that the pationt should have the benefit of advitt nal advice, and that their own responsibility should divided. This proposision was very unwillingly on- tertained at first by the personage most veariy interested, partly from Ler unbounded contitence im her artvisers, and partly from foasof still farther depress- ing the vital powers of the Prince, and increwsing his des- pendency by alarm at indications of increase! dagor, The repeated roquest of the phyzicians, however, was at length complied with; and two physicians were sp-cially selected by the royal’ family—Sir Henry Holland and Dr, Watson; the former dictinsnished by his knowlorlye of the minutim of thorapenticr and. the peovliaritios of aris- tocratic life, the iatier for having enjoyed somme of the largest flelds of exporienco, and for tho repistation of pos- sessing a most mature anit seber judgment avd unim- peachable consciontiousiess. ‘The contidence which the royal family placed in theim auvisers is fully enared by ub pubtie and by the profession, Thoy may bo sure that tho most refined and energetic resources «of medicine and dist were omployed to save and sustain the patient's vital powers. Alter oe fatal pra ane cae im3)¢8 Gignity which never degert her, exnrcase or ners aus Hey fo Sir Jamé- Clagk, as one of her oldest ani best friensis; and moro than one membere ob + the roya! famity tostifled to Dr. Jenner their gratiti'e for the attention which he had lavished—upavaliingly alas!—on their departed rolative. MASSACHUSETTS AND THE WAR. ge of Gov. Andrews to the Lrgisla« ture. Bostow, Jan. 3, 1862 Governor Andrew's mo ssago to the Tegislature was de livercd to-cay, The document is of mnususl length, ia cluding ali mstters of local interest and a general history of facts und figures, showing the part that Massxcha: setts has thus far taken egainst the Southern rebellion, _ The ordixary expenditures of the year foot up about $1,180,000; the ordinary revenue about $1,127,000. The war expenses foot up nearly $3,886,000. To offset this ‘he State hos been reimbursed by the government $775,COG, and by other sums, making the agaregite re- funded nearly $1,000,000, The troopa sent into the fleld both for three months and three years, with the cxcop- tion of one battery, Lave been fully armed and equipped - by the State. ‘The Governor recommonds that the State assume the collection of the direct national tax of $824 581, being its proportion of the $20,000,000 authorized by Congress ‘The Sia‘e has contributed five regiments of inantry, one battery of artillery, and one battalion of rifles of her mi- litia to the three months service. To tife three years service sho has sent, as volunteers, twenty-four regimenta of infantry, one of cavalry, five batteries of artillery, \we- companies of sharpshooters and an infantry batta’ion of five companies. Six companios more became attached to two regiments from New York. ‘The Governor urges the repeal of the constitutionaldis- y crimination between citizens of alien and those of Amo- rican birth. ‘The recémmendaticn made by the general government with reference to const defences 1s fully endorsed. A communication from General Totten upon this subject . will be laid before the Legislature. Military education in . our common schools is recommended. The whole num* ber of eprciled militia is 157,496. Tho whole number, who have gone into the volunteer service of the United Statos is reported by the Acjutant Gencral as 27,276. About 11,006 more are estimated to be in the naval ser- vice as sailors and marines, leaving 127,000 at home, be fides thore men capable of the ordinary duties of civil life, not included within the prescribed age for military enrolment. The Governor closes his message os followa:—The great rébellicn must be put down, and its promotors crushed beneath the ruins of their own ambition. The greatest crime of history must receive a doom so swift and sure that the enemies of popular government shail stand in awe while they contemslate the elastic energy and concentrative power of democratic institutions of « free people. ‘The monstrous character of the crimo hat never yet been adequately conceived , nor is langungo able fully to describe it—groundless and causeless in its ori # gin. Tt began and grew up and continues under tho leac” and direction of men who had receiyod all the favort and enjoyed all the blessings of our goverament, and whe were bound by official oaths to maintain it. Rock'est of consequences, and determined to ruin whero they could mot rule, they conspired against the welfare of nearly thirty millions of peoplo and their countless pos © terity. They plunged them, with inconceivab'e madness into every danger and suffering and sorrow which can bo generated into domestic war. They stand, with souls Ulackenod by the selfish and audacious barbarity of t! crime, red-hon'et and guilty, before God ant history, of the slang! or of the innocent and the blood of the brave. Whether right or wrong in its domestic or foreign policy, Judged by whatsoever’ standard, whether of expediency or of principle, the American citizen can recognise no 80- _ cial duty intervening between himself and his country: He mvy urge reform, but ho has no right to destroy. Entrusted with the precious imboritance of liber- ty, and endowed with tho gift of participation in & popular government, the constitution makes him at once the beneficiary and the dofendor of interests ond {natitutions he cannot innocently endanger, and whon he becomes a ti r to his country he commits equal ¥ treason against mankind. The enorgies, wisdom and pa: tience of the people, their capacity for government as @ corporate whole, and their capacity of voluntary obedi- ence and subordination, whether in camp or at home, are now on trial. This is no merely local or accidental temporal act of insurgency, to be treated by police measures and civil correction. It is war, dread ful, solemn war, The infuencos, institutions and adherents of despotic ideas and systems of re action against the idea of progression im libera: government have arrayed thomseives against the only people, and the only national Power where democracy hag « citadel and a home on the face of all the earth. Ihe Acepotic element in America conspiring against our coun try’s national life, anticipated its own cariiest demon. strations of force by trying to oxtend the conspiracy ta the inclusion of all the ‘nations who feel powor and for. ~ get right.” Involved in this contfoversy for life for freedom, and for honor, lot Massachusetts, ir following the flag, and keeping step to the music of thee Union, never fail to prove to all the world that in all th, characteristics of hor poople she is*to-day as eh was of old, when she it was who first unfurled th: flag and pitched tho tune. Henceforth there wil | be no ono to consiler how to reconstruct thy Unien, excluding New England from the sisterhoo. of Stutes. Wherover for troasure, for horowm o viood was the call, thoy found tho pvoplo © New Etgiand have reaponded by opening the lap 0 high places, and when her Lee and Revoro and Rockwoo aud Bowman lie in fellrns’ co..8, and hundreds of her = wour out their hearts in rai captivity, victims of thef vajor and deveti n to our Union, one irropressible impale moves our people and inspires our soldiers in the flol One prayer to seo the doy when an army of toy: Americans slall hutmer at the doors of the prison houses, with Loth bauds pledged to the solow " a . ‘ r