The New York Herald Newspaper, November 30, 1861, Page 2

2 THE EXPEDITION 10 MEXICO. Bailing of the Expeditionary Force of England, France and Spain for Vera Cruz. The Tripartite Indictment and Treaty Against that Republic. Threatened Abrogation of the Monroe Doctrine. » Dangers to Republicanism on the American Continent. Reported Secret Convention Be- tween France and Spain. STRENGTHOF THE ALLIEDNAVY AND ARMY The Gulf Cities to Be Occupied, and a March to the Capital Un- dertaken if Mecessary. A Bourbon or a Bonaparte Recommended 8 Viceroy for the Republic. TRADE OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ. SKETCHES OF THE ALLIED COMMANDERS, Relations of Mexico with the United States. WAP OF THE GULF SLOPE OF THE REPUBLIC, The allicd fleet of England, France and Spain, destined to act against Mexico for, as alleged in Europe, a redress of the injuries and losses in. Hioted on and sustained by these governments and their subjects at the hands of the people and cabinets of the republic, has already sailed from the naval ports of the three kingdoms for this side of the Atlantic, It is expected that the united forco will assemble at Havana between the 15th and 20th of December, immediately after which ite commanders will commence operations—naval, military, diplomafic anc faancial—in the Gulf and on the soil of the Gulf cities of Mexico. In view of the vast importance which attaches to this movement—not only in its present aspect, but its future probable results—as constituting a first and direct infringement of the Monroe doctrine, threatening the very existence of a sicter republican a ‘tion, and likely to vitally ater ik? ae ithe republicanform of government, not xigo, bus in the different States of Central fh Bouth Améffca, we publish in the Heraxp this morning 8 historical compilation, exhibiting the various causes which have conduced to the incep- tion and completion of the tripartite treaty under which the foreign Powers are about to act. This statement is accompanied with a map of the Galf slope of Mexico, which shows the area of the territory of the republic, ita principal harbors, its bearings and relations to the United States along our Texan frontier, as wellas the course of the march of our army from Vera Cruz to Mexico city during the war between our government and that of President Santa Anna in 1846 and 1847. The written resume embraces the following points:— First—The complaint or indictment of England, France and Spain against Mexico. ‘Second—The circumstances attending the dismissal of the Spanish Minister, Senor Pacheco, by President Juarez. Third—Tho flight of ex-Prosidont Miramon from Mexico to Havana, and thence to Spain, and bis reaction. ary policy abroad, Fourth—The attempt made by President Juarez to strengthen Mexico by closer bonds of diplomacy with tho United States. Fifth—Engiand’s tactics to prevent the realization of tho design. Sizth—An offictal statement of the foreign debts of Mexico in 1560. Seventh—England’s propagandism of the idea of a foreign invasion. Eighth—Wor recommendation of a throneand a Bourbon or Bonaparte King for Mexico. Ninth—The spoech of Queen Isabella of Spain io the Cortes on the subject. Tenth—A copy of the treaty of alliance, with a reported secret article betweon France and Spain. Eleventh—The navn! and military allied forces intended for the Gulf,and now in South America ready for co- operation—in ships, guns and men. Twelfth—A statement of the trade of the port of Vera Cruz, ite imports and exports of goods and precious metals for the yoar 1860. Thirteenth—The state of relations now existing between the United States and Mexico. Fourteenth—Biographieal sketches of the European Officers commissioned to conduct the mission of the Allies. 'NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, YT HORE HRBALD, PRPUuPAY, GOP vo, inglemiyem sey Th 30, 1861—TRIPLE SHEET, solemnly entered into towards forcign creditors; they repeatedly setzed the funds specifically appropriated to creditors, and committed outrages agalust right and jus- tice without number. A recent letter from Mexteo, published in an English Paper, contains the following passage in allusion to the atrocities everywhere being committed throughout the Tepublic;-~ Events in thelr peculiar line are rapidly Progressing. and becoming more notorious in this countr: October) they have been somowhat raised in character m those of the last, Instead of kidnapping and holding for ransom, we have had, a8 loudjng topics, open, barefaced plunder‘ of entire populations, variod on some occasions by wholesale destruction of property and massacre. Instead of only instences of savage warfare in the murder of opposing chiefs, we have heard tho cry of ‘Death to foreigners” raised, and soon the mangled remains of one victim carried. to the Bravo, and foreigners in consequence drawing near W each other and arming for self defence. Within a single twolyemonth as many ag twenty-three Eng!shmon have beon murdered, and several others, in- cluding the Captain of the Vatorous; a British ship-of-war, narrowly escaped with their lives. To such lengths was this conduct carried (hat the Eoglish and French Minis- tors felt themselves compelled to break off all diplomatic intercourse with the chaotic Mexican government. ‘Thore is no excuse whatever, argues tho English press, to be offered for these flagitious acts and persistent dis- honesty of the Mexican republic. They have a country rich beyond most others in all that can give wealth and prosperity toa people. Fortunately placed as aro many of the South American republics, so fur as tho gifts of na- ture are concerned, there is not one which is so favorably circumstanced as this “wretched and misgoyerned Mexico." During afew years of the last century the country affords an instance of the great reverses which may be there realized. Its mines aro more productive than those of other regions, because they are more ac- cessible, Tho refusal to liquidate the just debts due to foreigners does not, say the English claimants, arise from any lack of the means of doing so; nor must the blame of the dishonest and nefarious conduct of successive rulers be laid upon the Mexican people generally, Tho Great bulk of the people find themselves powerless in the hands of the briganda and robbers, who sei2z0 upon the Teing of government, and who sanction, when they do Not originate, deeds of violence and treachory which aro disgrace to the present century. The opinion that it has become the duty of the government of this country (England) to interforo for the protection of life and Proporty is one which {5 widespread, nud will moet with the hearty support of the British people, In sending an armed force to the Gulf, the Joading morchants of London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow havo urged tho government to it; amd, as one of the leading English papers says, “tho goyorn- ment which has at its head the same nobie lord whoemployed British force for the protection of British interests in the affair of Don Pacifico—whose boast it is that the prostige of the old Roman shall cling to the Eng- ishman in every land—could hardly have refused to in- terfere in the much larger case of Mexican repudiation robbery and murder.” HISTORICAL RETROSPECT OF THE CAUSES OF THR ALLIANCE. The idea of an armed European expedition against Mexi- co, for the alleged purpose of enforcing payment of the debts due to the British bondholders, and obtaining repa- ration for violence said to have beon done in the plunder of money from the house of the British Minister in Mexi- co city, was openly brouched’in- the Londen journals in the month of December, 1860, and found much favor in the eyes of the people. Ii was then averred that the principal of the cash loaned by Englishmen to the Moxi- cans amounted to fifty-two millions of American dotlars, and that these fereign creditors had agreed to accept of a Teduced rate of interest—three per cent, the mere product of existing investments in consols—in consideration of a guarantee that the payments should be conducted with regularity in future, Some short time previoualy , Commander Aldham, of the British war steamer Basilisk, reached the Gulf with orders to look after the payment of this debt. He found Vera Cruz, with other towns on the coast, in possession of Juarez.end bis Cabinet, Gevera! Miramon holding power in Mexico eity as President of tho republic. Although the English Charge, Mr. Mathew, was accredited to the Miramon government, the captain of the Basilisk entered into financial negotiations with Juarez al Vera Crux, and obtained from him drafis to the amouut of about o® million of dollars for the use and benefit of the bond- holders. These drafts could be cashed in Mexico Gity and thither they were sent, addrersed to the repre- a ae ve of Qygen Victoria. This gontleman bad them converted {nto dollars; but here he encountered a serious difficulty. Owing to the state of tho country he could not forward so much specie to the coast for export with any degree of safety, nor could he get it insured except at such an enormous rate of premium as would greg 4 Dargain ruinoas, He therefore placed the cieh in the “strong room’? of the official residence, secured it with lock and key, affixing the seal of Great Britain on the door. Finsling soon after that he could not maintain diplo- matic relations with Miramow, Mr. Charge Mathew with- drow from Mexico city and retired to Jalapa. ‘This event took place towards fhe close of 1860. Scarcely had the minister withdrawn when. party of men, acting under government authority, marched to hig late residence, forced open the doors, entered the “strong room’’ and took away the million of dollars. Since that period a general irritation against Mexico has prevailed among the capitalists of England, and the hostile feeliug has been gradually communicated to the masses by means of letters, editorial articles and reported speeches published in the press. The bondholders as. sorted that this money would have paid them one balf- yoarly dividend at least, and that by the action of the Mexican Frecutive they were deprived of this at a mo- ment when the payments for fourteen half years remain ed due WHAT FRANC E ALLE ‘The government of France, in behalf of its treasury, and the pockets of some French capitalists, claimed at this time a sum of money from the Mexicans exceeding by a Jittle one-half of that due to the Knglish creditors. ‘This could not be had, or would not be given if in hand; so that we find Fr ce had the same sort of financial indict ment against the people of the republic as England Finding the public mind of both countries in an excited tone on the matter, the English and French governments commenced to geriously discuss the proposition of A FORBIGN PROTECTORATE for Mexico. In the month of December, 1860, Napoleon put forward the plea of this money duo, and payment refused. to French subjects, while both partice, perhaps, agreed that the moment of the realization of ‘civit com- motion and the approach of civil war in the United States was.a most favorable one for them to make a bold at- temptfor the obliteration of the ‘Monroe doctrine,” as well as for obtaining foothold on the continent} both in Mexico and the States of Centra) Ameriva. ‘The scheme was rapidly matured, both in London and Paris. Jt was made known to the government in Wash- ingten early iv January of 1861, and its outlines revealed to the people of ate United States through the New Yors THE ENGLISH STATEMENT OF TRE CASE. The British public and press regard the ection of their government, ia determining on au armed intervention agalust Mexico, with much satisfuction. They argue that ft is hich time for England to bestir herself for the par- jpose of putting a stop to the spoliation ®ud ¢/ucitics ty flictod on Britieh subjects by the feeble brigunds who carry on what is called the government of Mexico. ‘The history of modera times, they say,atfords no ench instance of fagitious breach of t-eatics and thorough disregard of national and other engaremente as have oven presented dy the conduct purseed in that wealthy but disorganized Tepublic, Thirty years sénce the newly formed govern- ‘ment of Mexico entered into a commer eaty with England, under which protection of the persous and pro- Perty of British subjects was supposed to be guaran- teod, Upon the faith of these engagements, voluntarily entered into on the part of the Mexicans, British subjects invested a large amount of capital, and lent to the government gum of ubout sixty millions of dollars. During the years which immediately followed the achievement of her indepondence in 1825, It was scarcely to be expected that the new republic would have been free from those occasional interruptions and political dig- turbances to which all young governments are liable, and many of the hindrances to the operations of commerce which wore oceasionally experienced durmg the struggles of political parties were patiently endured, in the reasona blo oxpectation that they would prove but of tomporary oration, and that eventually order apd consolidation would take place. Theso anticipations have, unfortunate. ly, never been realized. Tho condition of Mexico hue gone on from bad to worse, and to political ‘fgitation has succeeded a state of completo social) disorganization. For the last three years there hag ‘voon nothing like a government in the country, and ‘those who bave assumed to exorcise supreme powers have been among the foremost in acts of lawlessness and Spbbery, They euspended the performance of obligations Sy i ie —— Reraxp, in the form of a special communication from that city, published in our columns on the 26th of that month. Juarez was thon In full power in Mexico city, he haying entered the capital on the 11th of January. What wag termed the ‘church party’? was dispereed, and the “foreigners” were highly clated. None exbibited this feeling moro openly than tho French residents, as evi- dence of which wo may mention that the subjects of Na- poleon entertained Juarez, General Ortega, the other members of the Cavinct, and all the celebrities of tue “constitutional party,” ata grand banquet op the 13:h of January, President Juarez was greatly elated at all this, while Miramen fled from the neighborhood in com pany with Isidro Diaz, bis chief adviver. Diaz was arrested soon afterwards, Miramon bimseif making a wonderful escape by a bold dash into the woods, Diaz was senteaced tobe shot; but bis execution was post- _poned in consequence of appeals made to Juarez by the wife of Miramon, who waited on him personally with this intention. THE INSULT TO SPAIN. [At this period the real difficulty with Spain may be said to have commenced in Mexico. the “church party,” as it was tormed, in the person rash Ts OR iG Sealaal edits) Wins | eWEMeGh Ga Oe dL ead ta the parma on RRR eT OP nn nme et the Spanish Ambassador, as well as aclaim of debts due unto the Spanish convention, afforded Queen Isabella a pretext for joining with England and France in any {u- ture operations ayainat Mexico. Thus, in January last, the influencing causes urging these three European Powers to action against that coun- try may be classed thus: — Enatasp.—Tho demands of her subjects for a stringent collection of the moneys due to them under government Protection, as well as ‘tho vindleation of ler authority, Outraged by the attack onand “robbery” of the house of ti Ministor in tho city of Mexico. Franox.—A desire to have the debts due by Mexico, both to her subjects and the government, paid speedily, and bofore England would exbaust the revenues of the Tepublie in satisfaction of her own claims. vaIN—Initamed by the dismissal of her Ambassador by Juarez, wishing to ‘heal her wounded honor, insure the nafoty of hor subjqgts, and obtain payment of moncys; while it poe bo safely assorted that the whole of Tax Fornox Powras thought the timo most ict for a dem ation to be made, with the ulterior objoct of preventing tue torritori expansion of the United States, as well aa tinpugniug, if not violating, our territorial integrity. POLICY OF MEXICO WHEN ACCUSED. BRITISH PROPOSITION TO THE SUAREZ GOVERNMENT. England moved firat, and moved on the spot. On the With of January last Mr. Mathew, the English Charge, proposed to Juarez that government should pay back the English money referred to above within sixty vo days, apologize for its seigure—as he had now tho chief authority—and reprimand General Garza for having taken very lately at Tampico another sum surreudorod to the English Consul by General Degollado. Mr. Mathew was still at Jalapa, and Juarez—moyed mainly by the ail- vico of Sonor Ocampo, his Minister of Finance—paid little if any attention to his plan of adjustment; and so the matter may be said to have been “laid over’ for solution at a future period. A CHANGE IN THE MEXICAN CABINET. Mexico in the meantime continued agitated and convulsea ‘as usual. The advent of Juarez to supreme power brought ‘no peace to the country; so wo find that about the lat of February, 1861, ho was nominally at the head of affairs in Mexico city, while Marquez, Mi Cobos and other military men carried on the war jn various provinces, and Zuloaga proclaimed himsolf Presiden somewhere in Oaxaca. Certain acta of Juarez soon rondered him un- popular; so he changed his Cabinet as a moans of official safety. The NEW MINISTERS wero:— Foreign Aftalrs. Zarco. Gonzalez Ortega. Biber Public Works ‘Troasury . Government, Tt was thought that this selection would have formod a good working Cabinet, if not a very strong one, and the cry of the foreign creditors for compulsory pressure on Mexico abated in consequence. CHANGE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND A NEW PRESIDENT. The government was not stable, however, and an election for President and Doputies to Con- gress was ordered. The reault of the con- test was tho elevation of Senor Lerdo de Tejada to the office of chief magistrate. This gontleman had re- sided in the United States for a considerable period, and wasreputed, by the American and other forcign resi- dents in Mexico, to be the most distinguished statesman of whom the country could boast, and the liberal ideas of government which he contracted in this country were very serviceable to him in bis new station. During hia resitonce here his chief desire was to become intimately aoquainted with our laws, institutions and language, and his career xg Minister of Public Works and Secretary of the Treasury under the Juarez administration in Vora Cruz stamped him as a man of more than ordinary ability, His cordial desire was always to reconcile Mexico and the United States, and to develope those grand sources of wealth, prosperity and intelligence which, when properly understood, would, as he was convinced, securely bind the two nations together. THE EX-PRESIDENT ALLIES HIMSELF WITH SPAIN. FLIGHT OF MIRAMON FROM MEXICO. Miramon, at this period, was fleeing from his country, and resolved to go into exile. After his escape to the woods from Mexico city, detailed above, he turned towards Vera Cruz, and on his journey mot Senor Pacheco, the dismissed Ambassador of Spain, with # number of Mexican bishops, who were driven from their sees for alleged treason Juarez and the “liberal” party. The sufferers company, and Teached Vers Cruz in safety, Miramon preserving a strict Ginguise. They reached Vora Cruz on Suaday, the 27th of January, the party including Senor Pacheco, the Pope's Nunojo, the late Ministers from Ecuador and Guatemala and the Arebbishop of Mexico. They ‘wore immediately assailed by the populace, who pelted them with stones, and sought refuge in the Consulates of thenited States aud France, the bishops rushing, for the most part, to the fiag of America, while the ex-Ambassador of Spain shel- tered under that of Franco. Miramon concealed himself in the French Consulate, and embarked soon afterwards, with Senor Pacheco, for another land—General Miramon going on board the vessel clothed in the uniform of a French naval officer, which prevented his recognition by the people. He was accom- panied by Madame Miramon, a very accomplished lady. MIRAMON ARRIVES IN CUBA. ‘Tne next nows of this distinguished partyroported its arrival in Havana, the fact being announced thus in the Diario de ta Marina of the Sth of February:—“A little Defore sunset yesterday evening her Majesty's (Spanigh) steamer Valasco, from Vora Cruz, entered our harbor (Havana), having on board his Excellency Don J. Fran- cisco Pacheco, late Minister to Mexico, with the personnel of the legation; the Nuncio of his Holiness, Monsignor Clementi, Archbishop of Damascus; General Miguel Mira- mon, and other personages of distinction,”’ REACTIONARY POLICY OF THE GENERAL—WHAT HE TOLD THE SPANIARDS, Once in Havana, Miramon Joat nd time im exciting tho Spaniards against the new government of bis native land, and, whether justly or not, began to lay the foundation of the present position of Spain in the tripartite alliance, as a means of avengement on his opponents or persccutors, Asapreliminary, we find the following pablication, in epired, no donbt, by the @x-ruler, in the Diario de la Ma- rina of Havana, of the 7th of February : Fnormous quantities of silver and valuable ornaments, old, precios stones and i vesnels have been taken from the cburches in the capital (Mexico city). From the Cathedral alone the quantity is estimated at more than a million of doliars; for from that beautiful temple six enormous wagon loads of rich jewels and ornaments had been taken, wonders of art; while from the sanctuary of Guadalnpe they had taken even the gold frame of the pic. tare of the Virgin and the valuable balustrade of the chan. cel of the Colegiata, which was of solid silver. JUAREZ TURNS TOWARDS THE UNITED MEXICO DRAWS CLOSER TO THE UNITED STATES—A NEW AMERICAN MINISTER RECEIVED BY THE PRESI- DENT, WHO DESIGNATES AMERICANS AS THE ‘‘C1VI- LIZENS”” OF THE CONTINENT. White Engiaud, France and Spain were éithér indulging in spleen or fomenting a bad feeling agaittet Mexico, the hoad of the republic was secking to draw closer to the United States {8 the bonds of dipiomatic and democratic, | friendship, The on. Jolm B. Weller presented to the rovernment, inthe end of January, his credentials as Minister Plonipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary of the United States vear the government of Mexico to President Juarez. The reception given to Mr. Weller was of the most cordial character, and after the conclusion of the uugualformalities he presented to President Juarez his credentials and delivered the following speech: MR, Wernge’s erKnou. Mr. Prusipext—! heve t88 honor of presenting to your Fxceltency sletterfrom the President of the United States of America, appointing ine Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to represent that govern- iment near the repubtic of Mexico. In presenting these credentials, your Excellency will permit me to observe ‘that whilst it ig my particular province to watch over the interests of my coumtrymen, cn! abetain from wlermed- nthe toral affairs of the republic of Mexico, will, era, take great pleasure in doing all inmy power to seeure the permancncy of your constitutional govern: ment as it now exists. hie ‘effurts of your Excellency to preserve laww and order, to protect persona and property, and to carry out those great principles of liberty sr gh oon stitute the foundation of every republican government, giver pou au exalted position arsong thks lovers, ot tres institutions in every part of the civilized world. May I not also congratulate your Fxcellency upon the termina- tion of the war which hae been waged against the consti- On the 12th of January President Junres suddenly sent their pageports to the Spanish Ambassa~ dor, Senor Pacheco; the Popa’s Nuncio, ond the ministers of tbe republics of Ecuador and Gua- temnaia, The dismissal of the last three named gon- tlemen caused very little excitement, but the course Adopted towards the Spanish Minister produced quite « furor in the city, ‘The Spaniards lashed themselves into ® porfect rage, and declared that the ‘‘ingalt”’ given by Juarez to the representative of the Queen was tantamount tox declaration of war against old Spain herself. Juarez now made an effort to recall the passports; but Senor Pacheco, of Spain, absolutely refused toreturn. *4 will thus be geen thet the blow simed by Juarez at tution and the laws of the republic? Under the benign influeaces of peace I trust that the vast and dnexbeetible enorirces of this grow nation may be fully developed. rerventle pray that the friendly relations now Bows gubsistiug betweem Our respective gov eromente may never be disturbed, and that tiene. fare contests may be af fo which shall do the most t promote the hay of the people and extend the bhessings of republican ‘oma. THB YRRUDENT'S SERECH. Mr. MixtgrsR—Ii is very Plea ing to me to receive from the hands of your Excellency the tetter in whieh his Su. proine Excellency the President of (be United States of America accredits you a8 Envoy Extraordipary and Minister Plenipotentiary of that nation near the govern- ment of the repnblic of Mexico. I seo, also, with much sniisfaction, that your Excellency, as representative of « republic with which kuch firm bondsof friendship unite my awa country, (8 disposed to co-operate towards the strengthening the constitutional ime, lately restored by Mexican people at no ppl : Thee operation will greaity aanist ¥ government in Ite great desire to sus- tain Seder faw and’ 1© developement of the great princl- ples of Udorty. belonging to our institutions. I receive with pleasure the ratulations which your Excellency hhas been pleased to address to mo upon ibe termination Of the civil war; and peace once secured, my constant of- forts will be directed towards maintaining the most cor- dial relations betwoen Mexico and the United States, and from which will result, not the prospority of our countries, but also it will cause the extension of libert; throughout the elvilized world, Your Excellency will moet in my government the best disposition to maintain and strengthen the relations which 0 ly exist be- tween Mexico and the American Union; and I can assure his Excellency tho President of the United States that I will make the greatest efforts for the preservation of the peace and prosperity of that great. MON Our con tinont, have marked out to pis true path of civili- sation, EFFECT OF THE MOVEMENT, ENGLAND COOLS DOWN IN HER ANGER—QUEEN VIC- TORIA RECOGNIZES JUARKZ, AND ASSERTS HER IN- TEREST IN THE ‘ INDEPENDENOR,” ‘ NATIONALI- TY’ AND “ PROSPERITY’ OF MEXICO. Inashort time after the presentation of Mr. Weller England fully recognized tho Juarez government, and proclaimed hersolf gatisfled concerning the ‘ money robbery” apd other iyternational matters. Mr. Mathew, her Majesty’s Charge d'affaires, returned & Mexico city from Jalapa on the 16th of February, He was accompa- nied by Captain Aldham, R. N., senior officer of the Bri- tish naval forces in the Gulf, with two of his officers. From this date the difficulties betwoen the English and Moxican governments, growing out of the infringement of the rights of British subjects resident in Mexico by offi- cors of the constitutional army, were looked on as satis- factorily settled. On the 26th of February Mr. Mathew had an audience of Juarez, at which he delivered the following TTISH SPRECH. Sm—It is with sincore ‘gratification that, fo fulfiment of the commands recently conveyed to me, I have the honor to tender the recognition of bor Majesty’s governnient to ‘our Excellency, aa the legal head of the, Mexican aud ic, together with the assurance of the moral support of Britain, which is duo ‘0 leas “to the honorable’ gad Just views entertained by Ain’ Excellency and your Cabinet of the occurrences which have marked with indellible in- famy the late arbitrary rulo in this capital, than to the wise basis of religious and civil liberty on which Excolloncy's government is declared to be founded. Great Britain has talon & conatant and warm interest in the in. dependence, and the ity of Mez:ico, and {t would betray gross ignorance. of th eee and of tho policy by which the councils of the Queon, my gra- cious sovereign, are animated were its porfect disinterest- edness questioned, The natural advantages of commerce, unrestricted by trammels and by high duties, which invari- ably injure the very objects they are intonded to carry out, and the mutual enjoyment of constitutional liberties, form a better international bond than that of power or dominion. I trust I may be perinitted, in congratulating your Excellency upon the termination of the lamentable civil war by which Mexico has been so doeply injurod, to express a fervent hope that the public poace ma sao be again disturbed; for upon its enduranco, on the p principles now established, I believe the uationality of Nhe republic to depend. ‘The following is a copy of tho REPLY OF PRESIDENT JUAREZ TO MR. MATHEW, Mr. Cnarar p’Arvarkes—! have ploasnro in receiy- ing through you the recognition which Great Britain faite gS legal government of the republic, ag woll as the afer of moral suprort made by your government to Merico, On account of the just ropro- bation which this government, in the name of the Mexi- can people, has expressed against the acts committed by ‘those who, without the slightest claims to legitimacy, usurped power in this capital, and on account of ely and religious liberty being amongst the fundamental principles of our institutions. Tam sincerely gratified at the interest you haye manifested, in the name of soar government, for the independence, nationality and ty of Mexico, whose governmont 1s too well aware of tho Heiaiiesone hae directa the councils of the Queen to doubt her interest for a people who have made s0 many sacrifices to achieve the great reforms which are demanded by civilisation, and thove principles of liberty which have bern sustained by Great Brilain with m much vigor. Com. merce, liberty and mutual confidence are, in my con- ception, the strongest bonds that can unite two peoples, and it shall bo the constant anxiety of this government to extend more and more those ties, and make them lasti Tan gratified for the felicitations which you have dressed me for the re-establishment of public peace and the legitimato institutions, as wellas for the hopes ex- — that in order to reform her laws and institutions foxico will not depart from the path of legality. Jsee in the recognition by Great Britain of the legal rule of the re- public an omen of peare and prosperity, and an example of the rectitude and justice which preside over the counci's of your august sovereicn. You may assure your govern- ent that sball sock to inaintain and extend thot cordial relations which exist between the two countries, and I fervently pray for the good fortune and aggrandizement of Great Britain, FINANCIAL STATEMENT. Immodiately after this the Mexican Minister of Financo published the annexed statement of the items and gross smount of the FOREIGN DEBT OF THE REPUBLIC and Moxico’s liabilities th British bondholders’ debts. Boel. Convention Spanish Con Preach Convention . American claims. Total of foreign debt. INVASION AND A THRONE RECOMMENDED, THE FIRST OPEN CALL FOR FOREIGN INTERVENTION. ‘The London Times of the 31st of July sounded the first trumpet, which roused tbe othor two Powers—France and. Spain—to the idea of an armed intervention in Mexico. The Times set out its argument as follow When Lord Aberdeen and M. Guizot, some sixtoon years siuce, were for uniting to preserve’ the balance of power ontho American continent, and to save Texas aud Mexico from falling into the hands of the ambitious Anglo-Saxon republic, they little thought that a time waa to’ come when numbers of their own countrymen would de willing, for the sake of morality and humanity that the incorporation ehould take place, while the be incapable of tho long m rr gion. vatever mar be the issue of the civil war in that country, the state of Mexico must engave its early attention on the return of peace. 'the hopes of conquest to the south ward, which Mr. Jefferson Davis and his friends have’ cherished for so long, seem likely to be realized should the ders’ succeed in ostablish- , on the otbor hand, mented by fore, the North will be able to give a rich bribe to the slaveowners, by allow- ing them to add to the federal territory the boautifal land which is now lapsing into barbarism. —Mexico—cursea by the occupation of a mongrel and constantly degenerating race, superstitions, bloodthirsty and cowardly, ignorant to a degree scarcely to be believed, and yet too Vain to learn from its neighbors—cannot Jong remain without some in- terference from without. Even in the strects of Mexico passengers are knocked down and robbed almost with im- ponity. The governmont hangs and shoots promptiy where it ean catch the offenders, who are very often priosts; but its efforts donot seem’ perceptibly to dimin- ish the number. Indeed, it is plain that the whole country ig thoroughly demoratized and brought to the brink of ruin, and unless friendly Powers interfere to support the verument it ts Impossible that civilisation can survive the trials (o which it ts exposed. MURDER OF AN ENGLISH RESIDENT IN MEXICO—ENG- LAND AND FRANCE BREAK OFF DIPLOMATIC RELA- TIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC. ‘The murder of H. M. Beale. one of the very oldest British Teeidents of Mexico, at his residence at the village of Naples, in the month of July, caused an intense sensation allover the country, and on the 25th of that month the representatives of Fngland und France euspended ail diplomatic relations with (he Mexican government, | A SEMI-OFFICIAL WARNING FROM EUROPE TO MEXICO. After this graye event was consummated, tho Mexican Fetraordinary—a paper devoted to the interests of Eng- land ina great degree—of the 26th of July, speaking of the future of Mexico, snid:— We would giae a single ray of hope, if we could see it, for ener se rappeg' Zhe ithe Pe the past, is too instructi InP inability worn Aes sure vice tadependent by "as clear as ay coblem ever has tg wre & country that has been so muni- cent in days of affluence, that has contributed so much to the support of other countries, now comparatively rich; ‘that at one time was the greatest object of the com- jal adventurers and privateers of England, and webich bas ecattered through the world upwards of tree Shougand millions of hard dolfars, and is still possessed of untold mineral and agricultural’ wealth, cannot be al- lowed forever to pursue a course to anarchy and ruin. \at ithas reached the point it has, Aas. tech attrilatable to the reluctance European Powers to risk a collision with the colossus of the North on the question of the ‘Monroe doctrine. The recent change in the position of the Northern coloseum, as regards other portions of America, will, no douls give new life to long slumbering desires. Spain bas already taken advantage of the American troubles to seize one of her lost colonies, and if we reflect upon the Manner io which Dominica has been restored, and con- eider the number of Spaniards in the clergy service in Mexico, the reception given to Miramon, although a branded felov, by the Emperor Napoleon, through the management Of General Almonte, it ts not ‘dificult to s0e that the gane of Dominica may be. very 400m reenaned in Mexico. AN ELECTIVE MONARCRY RECOMMENDED AS A CURR. ‘The London Times of the 4th of September argued the case of Mexico and its cure thus:— Some announcement regarding Mexico is awaited with general anxicty by the mercantiio world. It is no longer a bondholders” question, the additional interests that call for redress being of far L aby magnitude. Europe capita! is largely Movotved in the mining industry of Wes. co; the trade in English and French manufactured is even new bo gpbors os at. be Msp rage opel one the geographical posit he Pep ic in the highway frome caitito west is so peculiar as to have a political bear- ‘ing on the future of.all commercial nations. isolated action ‘on the part of England would, in the Present stage of af- would thus, even at the bast, be produced analogous to that which’ has parsiyzod overy good step in Turkey. TM accomplish ail tha! is necessary a combination will be essential. This will take some little time; but it is ncarcely porsible to doubt that it may be accomplished to the satisfaction of all parties. ‘Amorioa will donbtless bo guided by the policy of pro- Yonting the intrusion of # Buropean monarchy, but, wit bo willing, perhaps, to ald any sottloment that shonid i ility to Mexico to pao nme an erp wom ote prea pre bcrocen hao sections ofthe Union in ‘case poate J. In her case, too, tee ps better pended ‘would not be withont chomon imong the deposed now out of heartin pny beret eti might be ‘changed, tor instance, ta this sphere, ee ‘a mischievous intriguer toamont useful potentate. ‘It would probably, however, be hard to sa- lisly America by such a selection, and if there is to bea Permanent settlement America must be satisfied. Ons suggestion under that = ‘atification France, The that it ia worthy of all the otters. or 3°" 0 momentous iplomacy to carry % a bsssiad that w TH iove th the disgrace of the past. M SUAN DE BOURDON REPODIATES A THRONE. ‘The idea set afloat by the London Times was dissipated tosome extent by a letter from one of the candidatos thus “informally” nominated for the throne of Mexico, Don Juan de Bourbon, writing to the editor on the 16th of September, says:— Allow me, — the channels which spread report are closed to me, lisclaim in your fb bead thou or der the honor Het Spanish throne b; by my birthright, hi hope yet > be at Sree cece of But for me the throne of a Ev me 2 ts 1 donot net look pom mace as a lan female uherety was thata Spanish prince should succeed to the lost to the ‘mother Tam unknown in eo, and have no the partios who divide this distracted country; so that I ‘could only hope to occupy its throne by the Buy of foreign bayonets. Such a course would bo utterly repug- nant to my ideas. TUE INTERNAL DIVISIONS OF MEXICO FAVOR AN INVA> SION—HOISTING OF THE SPANISH FLAG BY THE CHURCH PARTY. On these matters we were informed by a special lotter, dated on the 26th of September, to the Heraup, from Moxic xico city:— The French and Spanish Ministers stand aloof from all contending parties here, and, although a trong faction of political intriguers favor British epee, the ity of all classes aro of a different opinion, The Spanish fing has been unfarled by some of the clergy forces in the Sierra; the Vice Consul, when inter- rogated on the subject, declares he is entirely ignorant of the motive of this act, which is significant when placed by the sideof the fact that a large number of Spanish officers have procured positions in the army of tho. clergy, and every day increases the number of applicants, These movements certainly look as if their object was no other than to obtain a supremacy over the Mexicans, and to re- {aon} in Mexico the same game which has been enacted in St. Domingo, The fact that some of these chiefs havo raised the Spanish flag ts evidence sufficient to direct the attention of other Powers to the movements of Spain in this quarter. THE TREATY DEBATED AND EXPLAINED, AGITATION FOR AN ARMED INTERVENTION. During the month of Octobor the question of an allied tronty agaiust Mexico was warmly and simultaneously agitated in London, Paris and Madrid, and the London Post—zovernment organ—of the 19th of that month, an- nounced the near accomplishment of the convention to this effect to the people in the following terms:— We boliove we may state that, subject to the terms of a convention betwoen England, Frauce and Spain, which {a likely to bo concluded in tho course of afow days, the expedition which ig about to ba despatched to. Moxico will consist of thres squadrons, respectively furnished by the con- tracting parties, Tt is understood that. for the ¢ purpose of aflording Immediate and efficient protection to the liver aad property of foreigners resident in Mexico, her Catholic Majesty and the Emperor of the French have determined clso to despatch a military force, eostating af fia thowsond men, of which five thousand twill be contritated and one thousand by France. About the same moment the Paris Monde—organ of the church party—the Patrie, the Constitutionnel, and other French journals, as well as the Correspondencia and Awto- grafa of Madrid, canvassed the matter in a similar strain, the writers being unanimous in opinion that the move- meitt would result fn the most important consequences to the political relatiors oxisting between Europe and Ame- rica. Indeed, the-Paris Debate of the early part of No- yernber, in an article on the subject, asserted:— It is like retaking possession, at least morally 50, of Ame- rica by Europe. It constitutes @ real infringement on the Famous docirine of Monroe, which pretended to interdict Europe forever from exercising any influence over the des- tinies of America. No one ean, in fact, doubt that the fate of Mexico now depends, mp od less, on the three interfering Powers; their presence may lead to ne firms which thetr eward won sup upper in inense of need. Thi Mexico enters ona crisis the issue of which is in the bends of Europe. THE SPEECH OF THR QUEEN OF SPAIN, Delivered at the opening of the Cortes, in Madrid, ex- plains the project in the following words:— Guyrixwen SENATORA AND Disorder acd ex. bea have reached thelr hei ‘the unfortunate country of Mexioo. Treaties having been violated and rights for- gotten, my aubjocts having beon exposed to serious at- tneks and continual dangers, it became indis; ble “at length to make an example of salutary rigor, ith this objeet my government had made the necessary pro} tions, when two great nations found that they had to complain of acts of violence on the part of the Mexican authofities. Our wrongs were common; our action should be joint: My governmeut dosired as much. Proper stops for this purpose were at first favorable; but the result did not correspond with the desires of the other two nations. Subsequently France, England and Spain together to obtain that satisfaction which was due te them, and to prevent the repetition of offences which scandalized the world and outraged humanity. ‘Thus the designs will be accomplished the execution which has been the constant object of my goverament. ‘At the proper time an account will be render the convention which by the representative: it to you of with this object, has been signed f the tbree Powers. TEXT FOR THE INVADING FORCES. TRE TRIPARTITE TREATY. The public mind being thus propared, the paper was signed in London on the Bist of October, We read in tho Paris Moniteur of November 13, that the convention by which France, England and Spain have agreed to combine their forces, in view of a common ac tion to obtain from Mexico tho satisfaction due to them, was signed in London on the 3ist of October, We are assured, although we cannot absolutely guaran- tee the fact, that the conditions of the convention are very nearly as foliows;:— ‘The convention consists of five or six articles at most. ‘The first stipulates the common action of tho three The others regulate the mode of intervention. send an equal naval force. s will be furnished by the Spanish army of the Anti ‘The allied forces will occupy Vera Crnz and-all such points on the coast as to them may seem necessary. This done, they will address themselVes to tho constituted authorities of Mexico. If that government concedes right, the commanders of the expeditionary corps will submit the agreement for the ratincation of their government, holding the places occupied until there be a complete set: tlement. ‘The occupation will be made in the name of the three Powers, whatever may be the number of the occupying forces, ' At the beginning an effort will be made to im- pose a suspeusion of hostilities on the belligerent parties in Mexico. ‘The three Powors agree not to occupy permanently any point of the territory, and not to obtain any excluaivead. vantage in Mexico. ‘They also engage to leave Mexico entirely free tochoose hor own form of government. England gavo up the con- ditions which che wished inserted in the treaty—viz:— that the three Powers should pledge thomselves n ‘accept the throne of Mexico for any prince of their relgn- ing families; if the monarchical form prevails the Powers pledge themselves not to use intervention to the profit of apy prince in particular. ‘The London Gatétlee, of November 15, publishes the treaty in regard to the combined expedition of Kugland, France and Spain. Conqueror. fey based G g B. ais *. Sherari re, c It is signed by Lord Jolin Ruasell, Signor Isturitz ayd Sansparic Arthur P. E. Wilmot,. 6. B 1 M. Flahault. It has five articles. The fourth article says, that after the signaturas to the treaty was made, a copy of it was’ ‘communicated to the government of the United States, and that the Ministers of the contracting Powers at Washington are authorized to conclude it separately or eollectively with President Lincoln, As delay, however, would jeoparadize the suc- cess of the expedition, the Commissioners operations are not to be deferred for obtaining the accession of the Uni- ted States to the treaty after the forces have assembled in the neighborhood of Vora Cruz. DESIGNS OF THE CATHOLIC POWERS. A SECRET CONVENTION BETWEEN SPAIN AND FRANOS. We haye siready been informed from London and Paris that, ee is usual in Faropean article in extension of this treaty bas beon sign. ed between the Queen of Spain and the Em- peror of France. Ag this fact is of the highest importance in connection with the demonstration, foreshadowing as it does ulterior designs op the part of these sovereigns, we may state here that we have aseurances, derived from trustworthy sources in Madrid, that such a paper has ‘been already crafted and ratified. This article provides; — ‘That Spain shail march troops—as we know she isal. ready determined to do—into Merieo, and take possession of the territory of the republic to as great an extent as pessitle; (hat Napoleon shall guarantee her this possession against England and the United States should either or both of there Powers object to it; and that for this aid Spain shat cede to Fronce her provincial possessions of the Balearic Islands, in the Mediterranean. ‘THR SPANISH PROVINCES OF THE BALFARIC ISLANDS. ‘The Baleares form a group of five islands in the Medi- terranern, between latitude 38 dogrees 49 minutes and 40 degrees § minutes N., and longitude 1 degree and 5 de grees E., consisting of Majorca, Minorca, Iviza, Formen- teraand Cabrera. The united aroa is 1,753 square miles, ‘The population in the year 1849 was 263,000. The climate je temperate and healthy and tho soil fortile, diplomacy, a secret * gratifica pport, majorit figs and almonds. ‘The fisheri ipal harbor, and ile. Ifthe rumor of significant my French lak by Spain hat of be ypara- hen redress vessels ‘been of vy 01 to Donegal. 5 bit <& ‘Masonca (or, as the Spaniards call it, Mayorca) is the | Central and largest of theae islands, and is distant from ) Spain 110 miles southeast. The area is 1,430 aquare miles. The population is, 181,805. ‘The surface of the country is very irregular, tho Silla de Torillog rising to 5,114 feet above the level of the sea, with a mild and va- lubrious climate, Its ‘consist of olives, wine, brandy, fruite, » Sfron, flax and hemp, which, with mules, asses, rush, and wooden wares, bats, &c., form the prine cipal exports, ‘The imports comprise corn, from Spain; sel oof, iron, hardwares, &o,, chiefly from Spain, Eng- jand, France and Northern Europe. The principal towns aro Palma, the capital; Linmayor, Manacor and Pollensa, . Minorca is the second largest of the Baleares. Ite ength from wost to east is) thirty-two, miles,, andi tte avorago breadth eight miles, Its area is about 260 square miles, and it has a population of 44,000 souls, The coast is very rocky and indented, but the surface of the country ‘ug undulating. Mount Toro, the highest land, {s 4,798 foet inheight. The soil is poor and sandy, with here and there some arable tracts. The corn raised {8 insufficient for home consumption, but wine i raised for exportation. The other products are flax, hemp, saffron, capers and cheese, which, with wool, honey, wax, iron, lead, copper and fino marble, compose the principal exports. "The Imports consist of wheat, oi, woven fabrics and other manufactured goods, tobaeco aad colonial progiice; but the island has none of that commer. y lal activity displayed during its possoason by the Eng- lish in the last century. ‘The island is sub-divided inte four districts, and the principal towns are Port Mahou and Cindadela, It was taken by the English in 1708, and, ceded to the French in 1756. It was restored to Great ? Britain in 1763, and eventually annexed to Spain by the treaty of Amiens, in 1802, Triza is the smallest and mont weaterty of these islands, and is twenty-two miles long b, about twelve wide. It has & population of 11,000. The principal bays are those of San Antonio and Iviza, The temperature is mild. The surface of the country is hilly and well wooded. Hasan valleys are fertile and produce olives, corn, flax, an ids. ‘The es are important, “gimper and salt from large salt works along the coasts are al- most the sole exports, and the inhabitants are groi impoverished. The principal town is Iviza, thegapital, on the southeast coast, with a popul Fonmuxruna is six miles south of Iviza. Its ition of 6 970. Jength from ‘wost to cast is thirteen miles, and its breadth from two to ten miles, it has # popuiation of two thousand per- sons, whose principal occupation is agriculture, Caen lg nigel wo th of Majorca, It has a fort and a small ig used by the Spanish govera- ment as a place of éxi! the transfer of these islands to France { ‘be true, it will bes most it _movemont at the ] present time, indicating the persistent determination of the reigning ps tocarry out the fond idea of the first ee converting the Mediterraneam into @ CHARACTER OF THE MISSION, THE ALLIED EXPEDITION AS ORGANIZED, ‘This mission partakes of a naval, military and diplo-- matic character, each of the three contracting Powers furnishing war vessels, marines, soldiers and a Commis sioner, all being organized and instructed with aview to unity of action afd uniformity of policy should the repub- lic of Mexico sock to resist them by force, or consent to treat with them with a view toa settlement, The naval and military forces will be powerful, and provided with all the material necessary for a blockade of the coast, the bombardment of cities, or an invasion of the soil and hos- tile occupation on land. Judging from the tone of the British press, as well sa the spirit which fires the Spanish mind towards an at” tempt at modern transatlantic conquests, we can hardly doubt that the three Powers now entertain ulterior designe, involving the very independence of the constitu- tion, as well as a change in tho form of the government of Mexico. ‘The London Shipping’ Gazetle—an organ of the mercan- tile community of England—remarked in a recent num- ber on this part of the subject:— Ifthe Moxican meat should continue te adhere aS tariff, and nd levy old rates upon pon goods.as they pass up ty cout rand this is by no moans improba- Beno jutely compel}ed to seizo the capital itself, and svete power those who have hitherto de- fled reasonable and just demands, Whether America will take part in the expedition is very doubtful; but one thing's cortain—namely, that # mere recognition of our claims, and a partial payment of sums due to thoso whe have been defrauded by successive governments, will not wer theend in view. Spain, whose intoreats are, it is said, Ee iamapells oad either: England of France, teams § Ceres atte bo on oc trenmay with the moeacrption ‘The result will be ‘ebe will The Britieb goversment will, inthe Het ——: de mand redress, and, if this refured, fn aged inat.<‘the ships, vesscls and goods” of The reps lio @f fexico. The as geynting reprisals is usually exercised as a preliminary to war. 1860 a British squad- phips, Le Ye led enill fulland complete satisfaction has afforded. Other English papers tell us taat France and England will bave difficulty in restraising Spain from making e general war on Mexico on her own account, while the ‘Madrid journals declare that Queen Isabella is able to, and will, effectually avenge herself on the Mexicans sim- a banded, even if France and England refuse to join betaother hint at a change in the form of the govern- ment of Mexico is contained in aletter from Paris, ad- dressed to the London Chronicle, which reads thus:—~ It {s said that some influential es in Mexico have proposed to Mr. Patterson, who is well known from his law suits. to establish the legitimacy of his mother’s marriage with Prince Jerome Bonaparte—some psrson- ages, I say, are stated to have proposed to this gentleman, on account of bis connection with the Bonaparte family, to bring about his election for tife to the Presidency of Mexican republic. oll THE MOVEMENT AND MEANS OF THE ALLIES. TRE SEASON FOR ALLIED OPERATIONS. ‘The power Of the Allies to carry out ® portion or the whole of this novel and rather alarming programme can be more correctly estimated after a perusal of an enume- ration of the fleets and troops which are intended to operate inthe Gulf of Mexico immediately. We give the ex- hibit underneath, remarking that some of the vessels are already near the spot, others have just sailed from the ports of Kogland, France and Spain, and that it fs expect- ed that a general rendezvous of the entire expeditionary corps will take place at Havana between the 16th and 20th of December. HE BRITISH FLEET AND ARMY FOR THE GULF. RRAR ADMIRAL SIR ALEXANDER MILNE, R. N., K. C. B., COMMANDER—LIEUTEKANT COLONEL 8. N. LOWDER, MMANDING MARINE FORCE, ETC. ‘The English contingent tothe expedition destined for immediate action against Mexico sailed from Plymouth Sound at noon on Wednesday, the 13th of November. The vessols passed through the Sound in the annexed or- der, the wind blowing bal a gale from the northward of east at the moment:— Name of Vestel. Commande No. of ~~ ‘Total guns. Cid ss ssshigd ; ‘This squadron is ordered to touch a Barbadoes and Ja, ; maica, and then etand for Vera Cruz. THE BRITISH MILITARY FORCE Embarked on board those [ships comsists entirely of Royal Marines, light fafantry, and numbers eight hundred! men, chosen from the depots at Chatham, Plymouth and Woolwich. They constitute the English “imspeditionary Battalion of Barines,’” and are commanded by the follow- ing taken as follows:— ROYAL MARINE OFFICERS, Name. Lice coloabt, 8. N. Lowder. pause t Colonel Lower ; “gecoud in com- Tmand”"e¢ the whole fo ce when complete, but his su. perior officer—who, it is thought, will nave power am British ~Commissioner—haw not been named juskisson. F. H. Noot. Lieutenan 3, M. Hamilton, Bieutonant. Menzies, Captain Huskisson is appointed Paymaster, and Lieute- nant Hamilton Adjutant to the Battalion. ‘aptain ptain.. Lieutenan George Lamdbrick. William C. P. Elliot (Brevet Lieutenant Colonel). . Cha rles Slaughter. . William Taylor. i Wiliam H. Horo West. i eharles Hope Ciendon. § Andrew Wm. D. Smith. Mackey A. Herbert James Horiott. . Edward Owen Brown Gray. John Delves Brot =~ (staff) Michael Alleh S. Henry Cammin: spar Nicholls Harrison on. pein Captain . Captain . Captain . Captain . ‘ First Lieutenant . Firet Lieutenant . First Lieutenant ... First Lientenant , First Lieutenan Second Lieutenat Second Lieutonant Second Lieutenant . Second Lieutenant . ‘The contingent of marines from Plymouth copaiate of