The New York Herald Newspaper, August 23, 1861, Page 2

2 ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. Opinions of the French Presson the Civil ‘War, QHE SUBJUGATION OF THE SOUTH—ENGLAND AND THE BLOCKADE, PTO. [Translated for the Naw Yorx Hyzatp from tho Paris Journal des Debats of August 3.1 President Linoola has advancea—in perfect good faith» we have not the least doubt—in his last mossage that the the ‘uprising of the South was birt a rebellion fomented by ambition of ahandful of agitators. Uf It wore M, oe fact the mass of the white population ef sho Savile, won indifferent to the independence of the Coxfederat p @ few reverses on the fold of battle, added te the enor- mous losses which such a war occasions, would guflice to provoke in the South a reaction on the hoels of whieh peace would bo undoubtedly made, But whatever con- Raenoe we may have in the loyalty of President Lin- ‘coln, wo find it émpossible to consider his assertion ‘as well founded, Doubtless the armed rising of the South has becn aided and encouraged by leaders; but it 4g novor otherwise in apy undertakings to which nations commit themselves. And what the leaders, whom Mr. Lincoln criminates, have done in this instance zacily with the public sentiment, with the opinicns and pas- sions of the immense majovity of the 11 of Shas por, tion of the Uniled States. Al) the private lettors received 4n Europe depigt tho South as having but one thought— ‘that of separation, and ag desiring it with a foverish energy, Which cannot bear discussion, = . ‘Those letters assert the determination everywhere in the South to maintain at every cost tho rupture which has separated those States from their former brothran of the North, It isa reuson why hostilities are not near a termination, however deplorable they may be. ‘Tho correspondence from the North is not leas signin- cant than that from the South, in tho sense that it re- voals, among the people ef tha North, a sentiment which explains and, to acertain extent, gives unda for and justifies by reaction the determination the South, All ‘tho letters from the North bear witness to the wish, in that portion of the Union, to treat the Southern States as Mr. Lincoln intends, that is to say ‘as rebels, who must be forced to surrendor at discretion. Thoy wish to subjugato them, intending, no doubt, to show themselves clement after they shall have sub- mitted. But every one who knows the American raco, and who has had an opportunity of observing it, at the South especially , will agree that nothing moro isneeded to exasperate the South and drive it to extromes, TheSouth may be vanquished on the battle fivid; it has just been {alluding to Garnett’s defeat]; it will be again; wo would not wish, however, to guaranteo that it will not have its turn. “But vanquished though it may be, it will never sub- mit to the North; i will acceyt no mercy ue ‘The capitals of Virginia and South Caroliua may fail to-morrow into the hands of the North, and be garrisoned by militia from New York and Boston; the South will not be put down for all that. When a proud enc energetic nation bas taken a determinatian to be inde- ‘pendent there is no way to make it bow its hoad, unless recourse be had to those atrocious systematised severitios which Eastern despots bave successfully employed to- wards populations withort moral forco, but which -sivi- lized governments repudiate, and to which the Washing- ton government will never seriously appeal. © * ‘Honoe it is that the question, stated as it has been by Pre- sident Lincoln, ts incapable of solution. « {A comparison is then drawn betwoon the present cause of quarrel and conduct of both sections, and tho events which droye the thirteen colonies into revolution, writer thea continues:— After three or four years of hostilities, it Is probab.e it will have to end by the recognition of the independence of the South, Only there will have been slain some 150 ‘or 200,000 men; desolation will be sown brondecast, the impoverished contributors will be overwhelmed by taxes; the North will be indebted several hundreds of millions and an abyss of hatrod will be dug between the two sections of the former Unit T repeat that the situations I have just compared are not redisely alike. The Nurth has not cal ape the South the imate suljects of complains which the colonies had sn 1174 against their mistress. But that difference matters little, from the moment the passion for independence took possession of theSouth. * © © ® Alittle after the 4th of July, 1776, the United States found a powerful ally in the @abinet ‘of Versailles, and it may be asserted that without that auxilary their attempt at independence, how- ever determined it might have been on their part, would have miscarried. # * ® Furthermore, who can say that if the prescnt contest is much prolonged the South would not find, likewise, some powerful ally amcng the great Euro pean States? * * * Does any one believe that the statesmen who govern England would becontent to recog- nise,for an indefinite period, the bloekade established by tho North at Southern ports, through which cotton flows towards the European markets; a blockade which {3 one of the principal featnrea of the system of warfare alopted against the South? It may be doubted that they would respect it long, even though tho condition of effectiveness were perfectly fulfilled. The moro effective it will be the less will Great Britain bear it; for it would infatlibly cut off the means of supply from the most important of her industrial branches, that which ee her exports a value of more than a billion of francs. Ve suail seo it in four or five months, when the stook of cotton at present stored in the warehouses of England will draw near exhaustion. Now, then, if England de- clared to the Washington government that she ceased to recognise the blockade of the Southern ports, and if—which wonld bo the only means of giving forco to the declaration—eho wore to add, that if the North did not raise the biockade of its own accord, she would send a fect to put an end to, it, what consequences would follow {The article concludes with wishes for a speedy settle- mont and pacification.) THE PRIVATEERING QUESTION—FOREIGN INTERVEN- TION. [From the Paris Journal des Debats of August _ People were astonished, after the Congresa of Paris, when the suppression of lawful ana regu- larly authorized privatesring by letters of marque was voted by the Furopean Powers, that tho proposal made to the United States to sree in that vote had not been favorably received m Americs It is the contrary which would have surprised we, ‘The re fon for it is apparent in the comparison we have just made botween the navy of the Un ted States ana those of the two principal European naval Powers. Without en- tering dooply into the question, and examining only the Political side which myst have inspired the determination of the American government, it ig impossible not to dis- cern that the commonest prudence dictated it. The republic of the United states, it will be admitted. may have to dread two Powers on the sea—France and Eng- Jand—especially Englani—voth, m a different degree, very superior to | is not ignorant that her immense ocean ™m ree, more vulnerable than ber territory, would ha noe ri any considera- tion, and woul see its: id over to the relentless pursuit of the ' of the royal British navy, five or six times mn umerons than theirs, powerless for protection, invufileient for reprisals. What could sho do insuch 2 situvlivn foreseen and inevi ¥ Shonld sho allow herself to be crushed and ruined, or attempt to equalize as mic!) as possible the chances of war by return- ing blow for blow, (.annge (or damage? Letters of marque, being the only regula: weans of public law, long in exis: tence, was it’ sup posable that the American goyernment would sacrifice (hat supremo safeguard unconditionally We mean without haying cbtamed what justice requires, and what civiization tho absolute respect of the commerce 0 beligerents by vessols of war, as well as by privateers? Without that addition to the yote Of the Congress of Paris, one 43 tempted to suspect the sincerity and disintereteineos of the Power that pretends t rule the seas, for we find nothing in it but her own al- vantage. * * * ‘Tho avtummn mouths, which are ap- proaching, or the flst months of winter, must, it would seem, precipitate the Ame sone for it wore clearly @x) la We wonld bo dec from either ove s reated, the defisiite elu, other of the principals inte- fr “=whieh every one foresees, Dut which no one pre —will come; it would be to wonderfully misenceive the pride of the American peo- plo and the depth of the disvent which passionately atirs them now, and which has placed arma in their hands, In our opinion i is Burcpe which will be led to look for and point out the unrarélling of that fatal Contest, and which will perhaps soom be ocetipied in s0 ving. We pointed out a month ago, in tho first of our articles on the American arties ,a possible solution:—“ Would there not be room on the vast territory of America for two or throe friendly republics of the North, South and West, and forming a confederacy of nations, instead of a con. fodoracy of States? Do uct reason and’ interest appear te counsel it? The time comes when perbaps necessity will compel it."” Henceforth affairs are in such a position that there {8 no longer any choice but between frieudiy sepa- ration or forced union, Every other solution becomes more and more improbabie. Would forced union be a Union, and how long would it last? What kind of existence would it Dring to the con- queror and the conquered? In adinitting, which is doubt- ful, the definitive t of the North after years of atroggle and torr of blood poured out upon ruins, would the North desire to have, and does. tt imngine it could kre), at tho South, a ;9Polont, or even an Irelend? Is young America thon’so presumptuons that she hopes to'escape tie law common to all pat her cast a look, at this very moment at old ty lot hor profit by tho latter's sad experiance, that there are political blunders as ne are not laid down, and which bequeath to futurity: dors without end and dilticuities without escape, which aisor- Effect of the American War on German Commerce THE TRANSATLANTIC TRADE G 0 TAMDURG AND EMI- TION. [Altona (Auga pucenee of the London Post.) The Present unfostonate state of political affairs in Ainerica does not yet appear to have had any effect on the transatlantic trade of the Elbo, which, in al re: ies the high pcsition whiel it has lon; Of this good evidence is given in the official revus of arrivals and departures at the neighboring city of Hamburg duriug the first seven months of thls aug the two preceding years, from which the followmg is an ab. stack ARRIVAL, Je Le 2ra july 81. Atlantic, Teal. Steamers. Colliey 1859...,4.4.227 z06 are Ones. 261 e784 +46998 Gi 845, In ballast. 234 24 1,934 243 653 «1,003 21 626 2,717 1,212 rd to the arrivals from Amorica it will bo Seon that there bas this year been an increase over those of both of the other years; but as to the departures, a eral failing of, as Compared with those of lust year, is bojinaing Lo be perceptible, though that is not to be won. dored at; for, in the present condition of the States, a chock bas naturally been given to emigration, which could not fail to have some influence on ship owners, who have boon accustomed to some extent to rely on what they receive from passengers as a moans of enabling them rr A ee of the outward voyage, far ay the local trade of Hamburg is concerned, that, according to the financial returns of this Year, as com- pared with the same poriod of last, is in all Yui viow satisfactory. a @l ints of The Modern Art of War. THE DIFFICULTIES OF A BLOCKADE IN A PROFESSIONAL POINT OF VIEW. Paris (August 2) Trerraneance. London Army and lavy Guzvtte. Admiral Lagraviere, in ane of his works, referred to in my last lotter, asks what will be tho influenee of steam apes blockades, With gailing vessels « blockade was n broken; sometimes ‘the weather drove the block- ading squadron out te sea, or a thiek fog came on and forced it to keep wet! clear of the encmy’s ports, Cur- rents had to be guarded against, as well as sudden changes of wind, which might at any moment bring a veasel under the fire of # hostile battery. With steam those dangers are greatly modified, if thoy have not altogether disappoared. Blockades will for the future be much more strictly observed, and tho floct will be able to lio Just outof the range of the exterior forts. But the new vessela, if they do not require the game dolicate handling and Constant anxiety in regard to the weather, are aot go independent as the old sailing ships. Phey are slawes to @ substance which they are con- Sinually , and which must therefore be contina- ally renewed. No matter how cleverly managed, the hour must arrive whon # stoam vessel will find herself Outof coal. For steam veasels to keep up a blockade it will be necessary eithor to have constant relays of war ships, or to depend upon transports whose arrival could Rover be depended upon with anything like certainty, TRON PLATED WAR SIIPS AND THEIR TOWER OF SISTING SHOT—THE AMERICAN IDEA OF A “‘SMASH™ ING BLOW’ AT LOW VELOCITY IN FAVOR IN ENGLAND. (From tho London Army amd Navy Gazette, August 3) ‘ho important question, whethor ships of war can built wholly of iron with advantage and increased inyul- Rorability, still engages the earnest attention of the Iron Plate Committeo; and the experiments carried on at Shoe- buryness in tho curly part of this week—roports of which have appeared in some of the daily papers—have thrown additional light upon this very interesting subjoct. In some experiments which wo rec’ sin these columns a fortnight ago, it will be recollected that un- backed six and a half inch plates were employed—this thickness corresponding in weight to the four and a half iuch plates and eighteen inch teak backing with which the Warrior is furnished. On this occasion the result of tho experiments was upon the whole unfavorable to the en- Ure substitution of iron for wood in ship building, But the advocates of this sweeping change nevertheless locked forward with coufidence to the experiments which it was known would shortly be made inst a target invented by Mr. Fairbairn. These experiments camo oifon Monday and Tnosday last. As this targot is somewhat of a novelty a slight description of it may bo necessary. It consists of three parts: the iron ribs, after the fashion of the wooden ‘ones usually employed in ship building, a skin’ of three- fourths of an inch of iron in place of the teak upon which the Warrior's armor is fastened; and iron plates five inches in thickness, and _ measuring superticially two feet by ten. The plates are fastencd to tho “skin” by means of “tapped screws,” or scrows passing through the skin from the inside, and about one and one-fourth inch into the back of tho plates. The peculiarity of this target is two-fold, consisting, first, in the novel method employed of fastening the iron plates; secondly, in the substitution of an iron ‘“skin’’ or backing for a wooden one. ‘The mass which thus presented itself to the shot was extremely solid and unyielding, and possessed, ag the results proved, extraordinary powers of resistance. Without giving exactly the account of the different pro- jectiles discharged against Mr. Fuirbairn’s target, om- bracing neariy everything from a forty-pound sholl to a two hundred pound ghot, at ranges of from ono hundred to eight hundred yards, we may state that te amount of pommelling inflicted was tremendous, while up to a cer- tain point the damage done was very slight. The plates themselves remained throughout almost intact, and at one time it seemed as though an invulnerable structure had at last bown procured. ‘The target, however, went at last, the comparatively uninjured plates stripping from the skin, owiug to the fracture of the screws by which they wero fastened to it. The shock of the concussion was $0 great, that the screws were divided completoly in two, as if eut by machinery ; and when ono or two plates had peeled off in this manner, tho target of course possessed. little or no power of resistance. We haye mentioned in the course of our remarks tho employment of a two hundred pounder shot; this tre- mendous projectile was digcharged from a one hundred under Armstrong gun, witha view of discovering if ge masses, discharged with a low velocity, do not pro- duce more material damago on armor than the punching blow given by a lighter projectile fired with a high yelo- city. Tho experiment was certainly favorable to tho former theory. For some abio and interesting remarks upon this subject we may refer our readers to @ work called ‘Sea Coast Defence,” by Major Barnard, of tho Amorican Engineers, which we noticed in these columus month or two back. Major Barnard thoroughly discuss ed the relative value of a “smashing blow’ and the sharp, penetrating blow which we have been in the habit of taking the greatest pains to obtain. Wo are happy to believe that our own artillerymen are coming round to ‘Mnjor Barnard’s way of thinking in this matter. AGRAND EXPERIMENT TO Br MADE ON AN IKON PLAT- ED FLOATING TARGET. fren the Londonderry (Irelan-1) Sentinel, August 9.] Admiralty are going to try the effect of shot and shell on a broadside, manufactured like the Warrior. "This will be a targot fifty fost long by on foet high, with the samo description of plates and all other material as the Warrior itself, and will be pounded at till destroyed. It is stated that the six new iron sides the Admiralty are about to order are to be forty fect longer, three fect wider beam, and with a better floor than either the Warrior or Black Prince. They are to be of 7,500 instead of 6,500 tons, amd this additional 1,000 tons and greater midship section will enable them to carry armor plates over all, from stem to stern. Stations of a Portion efthe British North American Fleet. {From the Army and Navy eaten) Gazette, August 3.] Nile, ninety, scrow steain liner, flag ship of Rear Admi- ral Sir Alexander Milne, K. C. B., Captain Edward K. Bar- nard, was at Halifax on the 11th ult. Challenger, twenty-two, screw steam corvette, Captain J. J. Kennedy, @, B., was at Halifax cn the Lith ult, Cyguet, five, screw steam gun vessei, Commander A. T. Thrupp, was at Halifax on tho 11th ull. Diadem, thirty-two, se steam frigate, Captain J. H. Cockburn, has been ordered: to embark stores, &e., for Halifax, and to proceed to reinforce the squadron in the West Indies. Driver, six, paddle wheel steam sloop, Commander Ho- ratio Nelson, was at Halifax on the 11th ult, Firebrand, six, paddle wheel steam sloop, Commander James M. Bruce, was at Halifax on the 11th ult. Rinaldo, seventeen, screw steam sloop, Commander W. N. W. Hewett, V. C., which left Portsmouth on the 28th of June for Hulifax, had not arrived there at the time the Valorous left, the 11th of July. Spiteful, six, paddle wheel steam sloop, Commander W. ©. F. Wilson, tor the safety of which some absurd rumors had been spread abroad, was, by accounts received by the last West Inia mail, safe in Port Royal harbor, Jamaica, and was under orders to proceed to the Mavana, Vatorous, sixteen, paddic wheel steam frigate, Captain William €, Aldham, C. B., arrived at Spithead on Wednes- from North America and the West Indies, with pri- from the fleet on that station, and some military She left Halifax for England on the 11th of July. steamed into harbor at three P. M. on the day of her arrival to be paid off. We are extremely sorry to hear that tf state of Captain Aldham’s heaith is far from satis- ; he has never recovered from the effects of the wound inflicted upon him by a band of Mexican Jerers, Tho ship weat into Portsmouth harbor for ho purpose of enabling the captain to be removed with ag Jittie fatigue and risk as possible to Haslar Hospital, which was done on Thursday. The Valorous subsequently left Portsmouth for Devonport, where, on her arrival, she will be inspected and paid off. An Imperial Loan from the People of France, NAPOLEON RECEIVES THIRTEEN TIMES MORE MONEE THAN HE ASKS FOR—THE CLASSES OF SUBSCRI- BERS AND CONFIDENCE IN THE IMPERIAL REGIME. {From the London Post (government o1 Angst 7.) ‘The French Minister of Finance has published a second report to the Emparor on the subject of the French Trea: sury bonds, issued for the payment of the promisod sub. vVeritions to the railways. Th this additional report M, de Forcade states at length the intentions of the governracut as to tho acceptance and application of the loan. he Minister muy well congratulate his master on the mater in which this new species of security has been recoived by the French public. The subscriptions have exceeded the amount of the bonds not legs than thirteen times, The French government, in order to stimulate railway enterprise in their own country, had resolved to raise @ sum of £6,000,000, or 150,600,000f., on their Own guarantee of an jnterost of five per cent. This Joan was to be raised in the shape of Treasury bonds of tho nomina) value of 600 francs each, but which were to be issued at 440 francs, The number of bonds accordingly amounted to 300,000. But instead of the subscriptions being limited by the amount reqnired by the government for the assistance of the railways, the number of bonds applied for by tho public has exceeded four millions. The government required a@ sum in net value of 132,- 000,000 francs, and the subscriptions reached the value of 4,000,000,000 francs. This is one of the most remarkable instances not only of the wealth and doating capital existing in France at this moment; which perhaps might have boen presumed, but also of the finan- cial credit of the government. It infinitely surpasses our own recent experience in regard ‘to money re- quired for reproductive works in India, The late of the Indian \¢ amounted to 0,008, and the subscriptions were found to be somewhat in excess of £20,000,000. This wag taken to form a highly favorable indication of the state of our own money market. Bat in the present instance the French goveruunent have required less than £6,000,000, and they have received subscriptions to the amount ol £50,000,060. It is commonly said that the French govern- tient is an extravagant government; and no donbt the public expenditure is much greater now than it was dur- ing tho reign of Louis Philippe. But was there ever such an instance of fidence in the government during that reign? We be ‘hat there is no precedent in Brench history of sch on amount ever having been subsoribed for at any onetime, with the exception of the loan demanded two years ago fur the expenses of the Talian campaign. Ther, algo, £80,000,0°0 were subscribed, the amount required Deing one-fourth of it. But in this cage the subscriptions excved the demaud not only four times, but fourteen. What would no! Lancetn give for the batance? ‘The details relating to the subscriptions present several interesting considerations in regard to the class of scribers and the amounts of individual subserip- ‘The subseribers in Paris ere in a great minority of total number of subscribers throughout Fr ‘but y nevertheless subseribed for the g, immajority of the lied for, The subscribers in Paris formed but nth of the wholenumber, yet their subscriptions were for three-fourths of the number of bonds applied for, The total or of subs 139,000; of Shese 37,000 we Y mainder of 162, Sut the former applied fur neariy theee ratiiion vo in precise fgnres, 2,909,000, while the latter ay litcle more than one million bonds, or 1,091,000, § is disproportion is, it udunits of ap explanation which bears out in a remarkable manner the saving habits ascribed to the humbler classes iu the provinces. In the capital, of course, there are a considerable nanber of Very wealthy men, and 4 large number of mon poseessing what would common)y be termed a fair or moderate capi- tal. These men, therefore, naturally enough subscribe Se | more oF ions proportionately to their moans, ead the wub- NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, AUGUST 23, 1861. scriptions made in Paris accordingly average for consider- able sums. But it has long been matter of surprise in the Pierieeee to cheorve tocns Siete te Sane the result ittle hoardings of tho peasantry or pettiest who are always stimulated by @ desire for adding @® oir flolds, and buying treah plots of ground around them. ver some mischance ing to the owner of the few acres next them leaves tl acres open to a now purchaser, hia neighbor is commonly found to have accu- mulated the means for making the purchase, and his hun- dreds—sometimes thousands—of francs are cod either from some strong box under his bedstead, or from his writing desk, or, like Silas Marner’s treasure, from a hole in the floor, whore they had never been suspected by others to exist. - It will be observed that a great proportion of the coun- try subscribers appear to have been just this sort of class. The French government had, whether wisoly or unwisely wo havo not the means of forming an opinion, rondered 600f. or £20, the minimum subscription; or rathor, allowing for the discount, the price of a bond was somowhat under £18, Put very many of the subscribers havo been unable to subscribe for more than a portion of @ bond; so that oithor more than one subscription has been made for a single bond, or two or three individuals have subscribed im the name of ono of them. But among the subscribers in Paris thore is no evidence of any fractional subscription, altheugh even there tho bonds seem to have found favor with the smallest people, two-thirds of the subscriptions having been made for singlo bonds. Not less than 16,792 sub- scribers in Paris tendered for one bond each, 8,881 tendered for bonds varying in number from.2 to 100, and 1,440 for bonds exceeding 101 each. Of course one vory obvious result of this excess of demand over supply is that the great majority will not get what thoy want. Something like twelve-thirteenths of the applications must be rejected; but, as tho Minister forgees, in conse- quence of the minimum amount of eubseription alreaty settled by the government, tho subscribers for single bonds must have either the amount of their subscriptions: or nothing. Probably the subsoriptions of the larger applicants would afford more than enough to take wp the 800,000 bunds; but it would doubtless be an unpopular course to debar tho great numerical majority from parti- cipation in the investment. Indeed M. de roads inti- mates that there will be a strong disposition, op the inal allotment, to consider the claims of the smaller appli- canis, although it is obvious that such @ course will give tho admiaistration much more trouble. The Galway Steamship Mail Contract. IMPORTANCK OF ITS RENEWAL IN THE PRESENT AMERICAN CRISIS—INTIMATE COMMUNICATION BE- TWEEN IRELAND AND THE UNITED STATES, [ddan the London Standard, August 7.) ‘The following communication has been received with 9 request that it may bo forthwith published. The im- portance of the question at issue in the present state of atfairs in America cannot be overrated, and the points of increased mail accommodation, and the higher rate of speed in the transmission of letters, deserve special con sideration. Leaving political allusions out of viow, tho practical business bearing of the case must at length en- force an equitable arrangement :— 10 TU EDIOR. Sm—The declaration of the Prime Ministor with refo- rence to the diapesition of the governmont to consider formally any proposal made by the Galway Company for & renewal of the postal service to New York, induces me to ask you to pormit me through your’ columus to give expression to tho following observations with reference to that service. I hope, as you bave not hitherto hesitated to open your paper to the freo discussion of this question, that you will uot refuse me the factity you have afforded to others. The Galway mail contract was granted for a twofold purpose— increased mail accommodation and a higher rate of speed in the trangmission of letters. Our mail communication across the Atlantic has not been extended to keop pace with the requirements of an increasing commerce. Faci- lities have actually been curtailed instead of being aug- mentod, The line of steamors from Galway, the shortest and most direct route to America, secures to Ireland the adyantages to which, by hor geographical position, she is ited, and gives ber people an opportunity of partaking in that commercial activity and prosperity which flow from a well organized system of ocean stoam navigation. ‘The new mail jine of steamers from Galway wilt shorten tho time consumed in the passage to America from two to four days in one direction. From four (o eight dags will be saved in the despatch of a communacation and the receipt of a reply. Such results willbe secured in our communica. tion with a continent that contains nine-tenths of the British race who live boyond the confines of these tsiands, and with whom about one-fourth of our forcign com- merce is carried on. Its importance as @ postal ar- rangement can neither be disputed nor overrated. I believe it to be a fact, and being an Englishman, I speak without bias, that if this postal question con- corned the interests of some other section of the United Kingdom tho opposition to the subsidy would not bo so widely spread or so stubborn. Up to the close of the lat- tor haif of the last century laws were in force prohibiting certain manufactures in Ireland, lest the competition should ruin those manufactures in Engiand. A casnal observer might ulmost fancy that the fear and suscepti- bility of the Saxon were even now excited lest tho Celt should got possession of a portion of foreign trade, and thus bring utter ruin upon the Liverpoo) ipowners, or strike a blow at the commercial prospority of England. Every one must admit that @ line of steamers promoted and maintained by Irish capital, manned by Irish sailors, provisioned by Irish dealers with Iz.:h goods, the produce of Irish looms and spindles, crowded with Trish passon- gers and carrying with punctuality and rapidity a large proportion of Irish letters and news| will prove a great and permanent benefitto Ireland. The subject of@| Trish grievances and the cry of justice for Ireland have been ringing in our ears during the two generations that have passed since tho union of Iroland with Great Britain. It may bo very fairly asked whethor, by iguoring the geographical position, and by turning a’ deaf ear to the commercial necessities and national rights of Ireland, we are adopting the best means of stopping this cry and putting an end to complaints that have same foundation in truth and justice. The Irish mail contract granted by the late administration satisfied at once the postal require- ments and the commercial wants and claims of Ireland, and of tho entire kingdom. An abrogation of that con- tract would have the direct offect of inflicting a grievous wrohg upon @ great number of people, not only innocent shareholders, but traders, producers, merchants, manu- facturers and landholders, in every part of Ireland, as well as upon the millions who write and receive letters in every portion of the United Kingdom. With one-fourth of the population of the Icingdom Ireland has one-third Sorcign correspondence with America; and out of the 21,700,000 tons of shipping entered and cloared at all tho British ports only 510,000, or less than one-forticth part, belongs to Ireland. When it is added that the harbor of Galway is as safo and as easy of access as any harbor* in the United Kingdom, that it i¢ 360 miles nearer America than any of the great ports in tho west or north of Kagiand, and that Ireland has been totally deprived for more than twenty years of all participation in the postal and commercial benefits and coaveniences of the mail arrangements and mail contracts for foreign service, enongh, and more than enough, has been said to show that the destruction of this postal line from Galway is an act of injustice, a palpable wrong, to a very large number of her Majesty’s subjects, particularly in Ireland, though not confined to that soc. tion of the kingdom. ’ Her most gracious Majesty has never omitted any opportunity of showing, personally and otherwise, the favor and affection with which she regards the people of that portion of her dominions, nor have the Irish ever evinced, in return, any feelings but thoso of a most enthusiastic and loyal gratitude and attachment to- wards her Majesty’s person and throne. Will the abroga- tion of this mail contract have endency to increase or destroy that fecling so auspiciously created and fostered by both sovereign and people? No ono can be at a loss for an answer, The Nemesis of history never sleeps. A Wrong committed towarda a large number of peaceable ani loyal subjects must bear its legitimate fruits. It was 80 in the days of George III, Lord North, and tho Ameri- can colonial revolution; Itei3 60 to-day, and will be so through alltime and in all countries.’ Tam, sir, your obedient servant. JOHN ORRELL LEVER, Avoust 6. Alleged Child Murder on Shipboard. PRELIMINARY RXAMINATION BEFORB UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS, Casper Hoas and Ernestine Hess, his wife, Gorman emt- grants per ship Duchess of Brabant, from Bremen 20th of Juno last, wore yoaterday examinod before the United States Commissioner on an allogod charge of child mur- der on board the said ship, The Captain of the Duchcas of Brabant, George A. Bel Jeng, deposed that the prisoners came on board the ves- selon the 19th of June, at Bremerhaven, the day before qhe ship sailed, They brought on board with them two children, both of whom were living up to the 10th of August. Onthe morning of that day the captain saw the child whoge subsoquent death was the subject of in, quiry, On the evening of the 10th of August the mate was informed by tho father of the child of its death, whick information wag at once communicated to the captain, The child had some three weeks before been ill from measles, from which, however, it had recovered, though it appeared it had not received any medical treat: mont, The mother algo (the prisoner Ernestine) had been sick the greater part of the voyage, and suffered from an attack of the measles, which ineapacitated her for nursing the child or supplying it with its natural food. There was no ship’s doctor on board, but a medi- cal man, a. passonger, examined the body of the doad child, The parents didnot appear distressed at the death, On the captain examinmg the body he found red and blue spots upon the throat, and dark red spots upon the head but ho did not soe any similar spots on any othor part of the body. Did not at any timo see any violence used to the child by oither of the prisoners. Neither of them. applied to him (witness) for medicine for the child while it was sick. The body was takon to the Bellevue Hospital, and the prisoners were arrested at the Quarantine by order of Doctor Waliatein, physician of the port. The cago was adjourned tii two o'clock this morning. Supreme Court—Chambers, Before Hon. Judge Sutherland, Avavwr 22.—Decision in the Case of Adonijah D. Ford and others vs. Charles C. Miles.—Motion denied, with $10 costs to abide the event of action. fe the ane gv. the oe Galeintstic Methodist Church few York.—An application for permission to mort; “their land. Order granted. aoe THE BABY ACT IN OPERATION. The Pe ex rel. William Bae.—In this caso tho rela- tor, who is the father of William Bae, Jr., sued out a writ of habeas corpus to obtain the discharge of his son from the service of his country, who had enlisted in the Second. regiment of Fire Zouaves, now at tho seat of war, On proof that the young soldier was under the age of eighteen years, the Judge promptly ordered his discharge. Obituary. GUNERAL SWINBURN OF THE BRITISH ARMY, From the Army and Navy Gazette, August 3. Wo have als» to record the death of Major General John Swinburn, which took phice near Southampton on the 27th ult. He entered the service in 1804, and served in 1807 at tho siege of Copenhagen, in the Peninsula from 1808 to 1812, and at New Orleans. Major Gene- ral Swinburn not having been on the fixed establishment of genoral officers, his death will not cause any army pro- motions, The New State of Kanawha. ‘Tho counties included in the boundaries of the new State of Kanawha (Western Virginia) had a population, accor” ding to the consus of 1860, ef 281,786, aa follows:— 4,938 2,865 8,367 6,997 4,626 1,555 4,990 Ki: + 1,428 Boone. 13,312 13,048 12,721 7,463 Mason 8,306 8 = Po ++5+281,786 ‘The whole popula! 1861 1,593,199, including 495,826 slaves, leaving a white populution of 1,097,378. Not more than cight or ton thousand of tho slaves were in the counties now included in the State of Kanawha, 80 that in losing this population of 281,786, Virginia loses about one-fourth of her white inhabitants. As thore are a number of other counties that will be sure to come into the new State if the federal government af- fords their people sufficient protwetion, the loa will s0a be still r. Moreover, the territory of Kanawha, in- cluding tho fine valley of the river of that name, and'tho fortile region along the Ohio, is as fino as any in the Stato, and in the decade botwcon 1850 and 1869 population in: cl eres more rapidly than in any oor part of Virginia, Court of Appeals. IMPORTANT DECISION—PAXATION ON CAPITAL. RESIDENTS INVESTED IN OTHER BTAGES RELD 'TO BE ILLEGAL, Avavust 22.—Tho relator in this case, who ts a residen in the city of New York, was assessed in respect to capi. tal invested in business in Now Oricans, and in respect to chattels upon his farm in New Jersey. Against this as” sessmeut he appealed, and the matter wis tried before a fullcourt, whe decided that the assessment was crro- neous. Comstock, Ch. J., delivered the judgment of the court, of which we give a briof abstract:— ‘The Legislature, in defining property which is liable to taxation, have used the following language:—“ All lands and all personal estate within this State, whether owned by individuals or corporations, shall be liable to taxation, subject to tho exemptions horeinafter rpecified,’ Ouber enactments relate to the details of the system of taxation, to the mode of imposing and collecting the public bur- dens, aud not to the property or subject upon which it is imposed. In order, therefore, to determine the question now before us, the primary requisite is to iuterpret justly and fairly the language above quoted. All lands and ail personal estate within this State shall be liable to taxation.” Lands and property having an dctual situation within the State are taxable, and, by a necessary implication, no other property can be taxed. Real and porsonal estate are included in precisely the same form of expression. Both are mentioned as being within ths State. It is con. ceded that lands lying in another Stato or country cannot be taxed against the owner residont hore, and no one ever supposed the contrary. Both aro oquully protected by the laws of the State or sovereignty in which they ace situated, aud both are chargeablo there with public bur- theng, according to all just principles of taxation. The tax is incurred within tho jurisdiction and under the laws of the country where the property is situated. If it bo said that taxation is on tho porson in respect to the property, there is no reason for assessing the owner resident hero in respect to one part of his estate and not in respoct to another part. Both are tho subjects of taxation in tho foreign jurisdic- tion. Tho act does not say that all lands within this State, and all personal property, wherever situated, owned by residents of this Stute, shall be liable to taxation. It is said that persenal estate, by a fiction of law, has no situs away from the person or residence of the owner, and is always deemed to be present with him at the place of his domicil. The right to tax the relator’s property situated in New Orleans and New Jersey rests upon the universal application of this fiction, Tho necessary consequence: is that goods and chattels actually within this Stato are not here in any legal sense, or for any legal purpose if tho owner lives abroad. Judge Story upon this point says, “A nation within whose territory any personal property is actually situated, has an entire dominion over it while thorein, in point of sovereignty and jurisdiction, ag it hag over immovable Property situated there, Ifthe owner's goods and chattels bo taxed without regard to his domicil on the ‘one hand, and on the other be taxed on account of his domicil with- out rogard toactual situs while the same properly is taxed in another sovereignty by reason of its situs there, the citizen is necessarily subjected thereby to a double bur- then of taxation. For this no sound reason can be givon, Ships at sea registored at a port within this State, and consequently having no situs pare are justly taxable to the resident o The rolator was assessed at $4,000. The relator mado a statoment showing that he hada personal estate ciso- where than in this State, of the value of $4,000, but the commissioners declined to correct the tax roll. A state- ment made by him showed that he had no personal estate within the State of Now York over and abovo his just debts, but it admitted that ho had capital employed in his business in New Orleans, which was taxed and payable there, and farm stock aud household furniture in ) Jersey which was taxable there. Thereupon the commis- sioners found that the relator was a rosident of Now York, owning personal estate to the value of $2,000, and taxed him accordingly. ‘The judyment of the Court is, that@he judgment of tho Supreme Court be reversed, and judgment must be rend- ered that the assessment roll be corrected by striking therefrom the assessment against the relator. Military Movements in Canada. (From the Philadelphia Inquirer, Augast 22. It is understood that the Rnglish government are in- augurating active measures for the defence of the Cana- dian frontier, No naval armament is contemplated, but various points on the lake coast will be fortified. Admiral Bayfield, noted as having been heretofore engaged in the survey of the lakes and the river St. Lawrence, will short- Jy arrive in Canada, and will determine the location of the fortifications. Preliminary surveys are alroady in pro- gress, under Colonel Whittingham, of the Royal Engineers; Captain Collinson (who was one of’ the party 1 search of Sir John Franklin), and Hon. H. H. Killsby, of the Board of Canadian Public Works, assisted by government Engi- neers Wyse and Turner. All the harbors from Sault Ste. Marie to Amherstburg, have alroady been visited, and it is believed that’Ronde d’Eau, in tho county of Kent, Up- per Canada, will be propared’as a naval rendezvous. At this point, directly north of Cloveland, there is an excel- Ient harbor. The troops in the garrison at Toronto have eon greatly augmented, and either Toronto, Chatham or London will be designated as the headquarters of the Western Province. : The United States government, while it is not called upon in any way to interfere with theso operations, will see that neither the spirit nor Jettor of existing compacts with Great Britain is violated. At tho same time the extensive military movements cannot fail to excite the attention of the poople on this side of the line. Six hundred and fifty tons of army stores are now on the road from Woolwich to Quebec, and a number of Armstrong batteries are at Montreal. The ordnance lands on tho frontier, and tho lines of navigation communicating with them are under- going a close scrutiny. Tne volunteer organizations of the different cities are conducted with renewed spirit. Mon- treal, Logan’s Farm, Hochcloga and the Island of St. He- Jena are crowded with troops, and i¢ is rumored in Cana- da that the Groat Kastorn will return with additional forces for Quebec. ‘TheEnglish government paid hor pro- prietors $70,000 on her last voyage for the transportation of a number of regiments now stationed @t Toromo and other vlagess Moré Troops for Canada, {From the Queboc Mercury, August 17.) With reference to the rumor that more troops will bé sent to Canada this fall, we are enabled to state that no snch determination had been come to in England when latest advices loft. I¢ ts impossibic, however, to say what effect the news of the defeat of the Northern army may not have had upon tho authorities ere this; and, con- sidering tho haste with which the incroased forco now here was despatched, a month or two ago, a still further apgmentation ef the Canadian garrisons is not unlikely, even before the navigatiqn of the St. Lawrence closes. —<— _____. Gity Intelligence, OUND DrowNev.—The body of an unknown man, per fectly nude, was found yesterday morning floating in the East river, by oMoer Nesbitt, of tho Harbor police, It was takon to Whitehall slip and the Coroner notified. A Homan Sxcit. Found wate GRarriing FOR AN AN- cnor.—On Wodnesday afternoon Mr. A. J. Seeley, North river boatman, while grappling for an anchor, off pier 6 North river, haulod up the skeleton of a human being, with a rope and stone attached. Upon roaching the sur- faco the rope, being rotten, broke, taking with it the body, which parted at the neck. He succeeded in getting the wcull, but the body was apparently swept away with the tide, The skull is still in his possession, at plor 13 North river, aud the top is covered with oysters. Cuanoxs at mis Custom Hovsr.—Several important changes have been made in the clerical force of the Cus- tom House within a short period. Tast week Charles P. Johnson, usually known ag tho Chief Entry Clerk of the Naval office, was removed, and a brother of Lyman Tre- main appointed in his piace. In the Collector’s office other changes, Mr. Michael Hoffman was appoint Special Deputy to act’ in the absence of the Collector, a position which has heretofore beon held by Mr. Clinch, who, however, has not been removed from his posi- ‘tion as deputy. Two more removals were made in the Naval office, viz., Samuel K. Boyd and Gustav Landman. ‘Tae Lats -Lirvrexant West.—The funeral of Lieutenany Frederick G. West, of the United States Navy—whoso molancholy death wo recorded a few days since—will take place to-day from the Baptist church at Piscataway, N. J. The remains will bo attonded to their last resting placo by a number of the officers of-the United States Navy. Founp ry mas Water.—Coroner Jackman held an inquest on the body of an unknown man, who was found in a nudo state floating in the water near the foot of Whitohall atreet. Deceased was about five foet seven inches in height, with high forehead, whiskers and moustaches. The hody apparently had been in the water but a few days, ‘There boing no marks uf violence agparent, the Jury reu- dered a verdict of death from drowning. T y. frigate, flag ship of the Brazil squadren, Flag Officer Joshua R. Sands commanding, Captain Louis M. Goidsborough, sailed from Montevideo for Boston about June 20, Sho arrived at Boston yosterday. Pruaset, 1, steamer, Lieutenant commanding William H. Macomb, was at Montevideo on tho 4th of July; ofl cers and crow all'well, or | NEWS FROM FORTRESS MONROE. Forriess Mownor, August 21, Via Baurimone, August 22, 1961. Thoro is nothing of interest proper to communicate from this point to-day, General Wool held a grand review and inspection this morning. He took into his bands every musket belong” ing to the garrisov, OUR FORTRESS MONROE CORRESPONDENCE. Fortress Mownog, Va., August 20, 1861, Nothing Starting Yet—Prospects of a Fight—Arrivat of the Dutch Frigate Zeeland from Holland—She Gets Aground on Cape Henry—No Damage—Receplion by the Flet—She Goes to Annapolis—List of Offcers—Arrivat Of the Harriet Lane from the Southern Goast—The Block” ade Inefficient at Savannah and Charleston—Notice to Dis- charged Soldiers from Col. Allen's First Regiment New York Volunteers, dc., &c. Nothing startling yet to communicate from this de- partment, though it is easy to be seen that there is no inactivity in the various branches of the service. Tho wheels of the machinery rua so smoothly that it is some- what difficult to realize how much labor is boing done. When tho roinforcomonts expected arrive it will take but short time to complete tho preparations for an advanced movement, and everything needed for success will bo found with the column. Even if General Wool is not heavily reinforced, as he expects, there will be enough men here to keep the enemy busy in all di ections about the fort. We shall not b» forever iM>, A now Ollicer is at the helm, and if ho is p.oporly sup- Pp rtod all will be well in Eastern Virsin’a. ‘Tho expedition to operate on te Southern coart hes, in part, succeeded in gotting away, The mon-of-war, to- gether with a large number of schooners, will leave in a dvy or two, the terriblo state of the weathor for the past week baying prevented the fleet from getting under way before, Last night the Dutch steam frigate Zeeland, carry'ng forty-foyr guns, came into the Roads and anchored below “the Cumberland. She sailed from ‘Viessingen, Holland, on tho 23d of July last, and arrived off the Capes yester- day, and unfortunately got aground on Cape Henry and remained there for nearly three hours, when a pilot camo on board and succeeded in getting hor off without damagey aud brought her to her auchorage in the Roads. This morning she saluted Commodore Stringham’s flag with eight guns, after which tho Cumberiand fired a saluto of thirteen guns. From the Water battery of tha fert belched forth a national salute of twenty-one guns. Finally, (hy Minnesota ran up the Holland flag to the main and ‘saluted it with eight guns. The Zeeland fails to-morrow for Annapolis, where she will remain for a week or two, ‘The object of her visit has not transpired. The follow- ing isa list of tho officers of the shi Captain, Tabin; First Officer, Holtzaphel. First class, Parkerbati, Brill; second, Stern; Surgeon, Meyer; As. sistant Surgeon, Muller. ‘Third class, Hoitzaphel; Ad- ministration, Stiseel; Englacer, Soll; Midshiptnen, Messrs, Kyans, Lange, Stokhagen, Gimpell, Wagner, A. Brugen, Frank de Brauer, Lazinder, Hauer, Methucan, Corneil», Von Menzel and others. Thaye a full list, but it both ors mo most confoundedly to decipher the Dutch hicroglyphics furnished by one of the officers, and I must send it as well asl may. The Zeeland is a splendid specimen of naval architecture, and would do credit te any nation, She is similar in modgl to, and nearly us large as, the Minnesota. ‘The Harriet Lane came in from her cruise to Savannah this merning, with all on board well The sea was 80 heavy’ on har passage to and from tho blockading fect that it was impossible to try her battery of rifled guns. She saw no privateers, She visited the ports of Crarleston and Sayannsh, and found at the former port the frigate Roanoke, Commodore Pendorgrast, and the gunboat Seminole. Tho Roanoke was anchored about twelve miles from the bar, and the Seminole tay within eight mites, but from the Roanoke it required @ good glass to sce the Charleston light. ‘The blockade is most inefficient at this port, and uniess tho Roanoke cruises nearer the bar she might as well go into ordinary, for she is of no value there. Commodore Pon- dergrast, for reasons of his own, prefera to remain inac- tive instead of rendering the blockade. effecteal, as 1t might be, by doing his duty. Half of the time both the cruisers are out of sight of land; and it is just 80 at Sa- vanuah, whero the St. Lawrence and Iroquois are sup- posed to be Joing blockading duty. They wore sixteen miles from Tybee, and nearly out of sight of land. ‘there is nothing in the world to prevent, with a little sharp work, fny vessel that chooses from running in and out of oither of the above harbors. The blockade is a farce, The Harriet Late brought from the St. Lawrence Midshipman Cotton and @ seaman, as witnesses in the case of the crew of the pri- err Petrel, sunk by the St. Lawrence some weeks since. From the trials which Captain Farmer has been able to have of hia rifled cannon, it is evident that the battery does not fulfil the expectations of the government. The guvs are old 32's, made for tho revenue service in 1835, and Jately rifled,’ The guns are too light for the weight of the shot, ond the consequence is the gun rosoils very badly, The range 13 but littl better than the smooth bores of the same calibre, and the battery isnot at all liked by the ofiicers of the ship. However, future trials may change their opinions. The Harriet Lane will remain here now for a time. Colonel Allen, of the First regimont, requests me to state that he is desirous that all the men heretofore discharged. from service ia his command, up to this date, who have left here without properly cortifed papers, will apply by attorney or otherwise te him, giving full name, residence, cause of discharge, &c., wen he will at once forward to them the propor ‘documents, which will entitle them to full pay up to time of discharge, and land warrants, &c. The Colonel has now eighteen full discharges in his hands, but for want of their addresses he is unable to for- ward thom to the partics interested. If other papers would notice this it will confer a great favor. SOLDIERS’ RATIONS. 10 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Ovrice ComaissanyY GENERAL SURSISTENCE, Wasninatow, August 19, 1861. From the numerous letters which have been reforred to this office, complaining of the want of food, and the bad quality of that furnished by the Commissariat to the yolunteors, Iam led to believe that a brief statement of the trwth may give satisfustion to the public mind. Before the action of tho Inst Congress tho ration (used by the army for many years) furnishod to the volun- teers was as follows:— % Wee of pork or bacon, or 11¢ pound of fresh or salt beef; G 18 ounces of bread or flour, or 12 ounces of pilot bread, or 144 pound of corn meal; 8 quarts of beans or peas, or 10 pounds of rice, or 140 ounces of dessicated potatocs, or 88 ounces of dessicated mixed vegetables; 10 pounds of coffe; 15 pounds of suga: 4 quarts of vinegar; 13g pound of adamantine candles; 4 pounds of soap, and 2 quarts of salt. ‘This ration has been found by long experience in the reguiar army to be ample. Congress, by an act of the last session, increased this ration until it is now as follows.— % pound of pork or bacon, or 134 pound of fresh or salted beef ; 22 ounces of bread or flour, or one pound or pilot bread; 8 quarts of beans, 10 pounds of rice or hominy, and 1 pound of potatoes three times a week, ora} 3 substitute thorefor; 10 pounds of coffee; 15 pounds of sugar; — 4 quaris of vinegar; — ‘ 144 pound of adamantine candies; 4 pounds of soap, and quarts of galt, extra lagues of mdingses are occasionally madd. ‘This ration, if cared for and properly cooked, is moré retells eaten; and this ration the government is ready rnish. The method of procuring it for the regiment is simple : Each captain of a company makes to his colonel a return, stating the number of men in his company and the num- ber of days drawn for, signed by him. These company returns are consolidated by the regimental quartermaster, and signed by the colonel. This return is an order on the depot or brigade commissary for that quantity of stores; and it is the duty of tho regimental quartermaster to sce ee he receives the full amount, aud that it is all of good quality. rhea the stores reach the regiment, it is the duty of each captain to see that his company receive their due, as drawn for by bim on his retarn,and that the quality is If the regimental quartermaster and captains attend to their duty, the men must receive their full sllowance as sot forth in the ration above ; and notan article but of good quality. ‘Tho government hns on hand ample supplies of the very best quality, and is desirous of doing full justice to the volunteers. If the volunteers do not receive it, the fault is that of their own officers. J.P. TAYLOR, A. ©. G, Bub, THE PUBLICATION OF WESTERN VIRGINIA MILITARY NEWS. Heapquarrers A. 0. W. V., CLARKSBURG, August 20, 1861. Tho Gonerat commanding the Army of Occupation in Wostorn Virginia and the Department of the Ohio invites the aid of the press to prevent the enemy from learning, through it, the position, strength and movements of tle *suones OOT OL “BUOIseI OOT troops under his command. Such information is of the greatest service to the enemy, and deprives the com- mander of our own forces of a)l the advantages which arise from the secresy of concentration and surprise. Ad- vantages aro eigen enjoyed by the rebels, whose ‘ess Hever appears ‘tray them, bt 8. ROSENCRANS, Brigadier General, MANASSA, OR MANASSAS, {From the Richmond fsaquirer.) As to the correct spelling, we believe that Manaseas and Manassa aro both corruptions, We remember when the Manassas Railroad was under discussion, an enthusiastic friend of that enterprise took up this very question. He saki that the mountain pass had taken its name from a caterer for the travelling public, we believe a Jew, who, for a long time had his house of entertainment there, He was widely known, and much esteemed for bis kind heart and good cheer, and the horseman wouid often add many miles to his day’s Journey, that he might spend the night with “Old Manass'b,” as they familiarly styled him. In short, he was as well known as his gap, and from him the lattor caught its name of Manassch’s Gap, The writer re- ferred to closed his narrative, which estab!isbed the scrip- ture orthography for the pars, by appealing to the friends of the rail to spell it often and spell it ever ‘Manas- seh.” His geal and his learning availed not, however. The railroad kas gone into the legislation of the State as Mavassar Gap Ad BP We WnUst take it, THE UPPER PCTOMAC. manners OUR URBANA CORRESPONDENCE, Unnana, Frederick County, Md., August 10—P, ML Arrival of Union Troops and Wagon Trains, dc, ‘This village, which ig one of much quiet and pastoral simplicity in ordinary times, has been in astate of oxoise- ment to-day in consequence of the passage through it af army wagons, infantry, ambulances, and other pare- Phornalia of glorious war. The cause of tho military pre- sence was at frst incomprehensible to the inhabitants, Some have already shut themselyes up in their houses, anda number of ladios have scarcely dared show their Pretty faces at their windows, not knowing whether the soldiers were frionda or foes. All apprehensions were, howevor, quicted, whon the orderly prooceedings of the big were noticed aud the objects of their visit compre, ded, About noon to-day there was some alarm at the lnwer Part of tho village on account of tho approach at a raplé pace of an army officer om horseback. His exclamations. to the advancing trains and troops, ‘Close up! close upt There is fighting going on. below, created no little con- slernation among tho passe inclined. villagers and farmorg, The Second Massachusetts rogiment (Colon Fletcher Webster's), Lieutenant Colonel Bryan command- ing, was halted upon the crest of a small bill this side of Bennott's creek, ond nearly opposite the mansion of Dr. Jobn t, Worthington, whose hospitality has been gone- rously extended to some of the weary, worn attaches of i gen, Liagiainny Alea! af Colina his men fa ine le, their muskete treahl; ordered. fences to be levelled, to facilitate the eee his regiments, and with the utmost coolness prepared to meet. the foe if he should prewrag himself in any gumbers, Communication with the lower country was prohibited t evory body until the cause of the alarm was ascertain ed. meanw alle, the pitied packing valuables was com- mene: earnest by the good poople of the locality, and it was not antil the cause of the difficulty was save? factorily ascertained that Chey desisted from the prepara- tions tw flee from their homes. It is apparent that the hoof of tho war horse has not for very many years trod upon this truly virgin portion of the soil of Maryland. The ‘ated authorees, Mrs. E. D. EK. N. Southworth, ie domiciliated in the neighborhood, and many a stating romanco, founded upon indubitable facts, will be pl at the command of her prolific and Drilliané imagination: in consequence of tho military incidents occurriug bere within a day or two past, P ‘Tho agitation of the inhabitants was ina short time allayed by tho arrival of a messcngor from the head of the train with the anno.ncemvunt that tiore was Do trouble ahead, and that the aiarm arose fiom the fact that an encampment of troops, supposed at first te be the enemy, was just ahcad. The supposed enemy, however, turned out to be friends, being one ‘of the Indiana regiments—the Twelfth or Six- . teenth—who had marched ahead, put up their tents, and were going on with their cooking preparations as if they were on @ hunting expedition through their own woods in Hoosier land, A different version of the cause of the alarm was sub- sequently communicated, to the effect that the hoad of @ train of governmont wagons, without guards, had beem fired into by the rebels. OUR HYATTSTOWN CORRESPONDENCE. Hyarrstown, Montgomery Co., Mu., August 20, 1861. Occupation of the Town ty Union Tromps—The Wagon Train Fired Into—Arrest of Kebels, dc. There is but ono family in this village that is notseceah, The place comprises about three hundred inhabitants; has an inn, two churches, the usual number of blacksmith shops, dry goods stores—the dry goods trade is a conside- rable ono in Hyattsville for a country village—and a pat” marygchool house. It is situated on the national road te Washington, about eleven miles from Frederick, ten miles am the Potomac and thirty-one iniles from Washington city. Yesterday, about noon, there were reports that Union forces were approaching, for what. purpose noone could divino, considering the gergraphical position of the piace. ‘The report proved ruc, so faras an advanci:g train of army wagons was concerned. ‘1lis naturally excited the ire of the over-bilioug rebels in Hyattsville. Several promptly volunteered to repel the “invasion.” The ‘Tivelfth Indiana regiment next approached, with their wagons, when the wagons were fired into by concealed rebels. Some seven shots were fired, but no one injured. General rcrombie's brigade quartermaster about this time react Hyattsvillo, for the purpose of purchasing forage. He was beset by rebols, violent Inng was used, menaces were uttcred, and bo heard the firing om the wagons, Putting spurs to his horse, he galloped back tothe advancing column of infantry—with what result has not yet appeared. Threo persons have been arrested for sup 1d partiol- pation in thy hostilo demonstration on the Unionists. Their names are Uriah Layton, Samuel Rarton and Isracd Tabler (brother of Wm. Tablor,on whose farm the ammu- nition wagons of tho Second and Third brigades are sup posed to encamp when they arrive). There is no evidence that they were concerned in firing upon the wagons, An attack upon the wago: s is still expected, but there is now sufficient force at id to protect them from cap- ture or serious injury, ARREST OF THREE SUSPECTED SPIES IN HARRISBURG, ‘om the Harrisiury Tele, raph, Augnst 21.) Information haying been received at the Mayor's office that a party of inen supposed to be spics frum the seces- sionists would arrive to-day in the eleven o'clock traim from Chambersburg, Chief Ra ich and a squad of specials proceeded to the depot, and upon the arrival a the train arrested three men who were pointed out as the suspected party by an oflicer from the division of the sumy, undor General Banks, who was also a passenger im tho train. a The prisoners were taken to a private room in the Ex- change, where they underwent a strict examination by the Mayr. They gave their names as Thomas J. Ca aon, Walter W. Koliey aud Wm, M, Pogram, aud represented themselves as being citizens of Baltimore. Carson is a fine looking elderly gontieman, perhaps fifty years or thereabouts. Ile formerly did business in New York city, but has been living in Beltimore for the last seyoral years. Kelley is @ man apparently about thirty years, of me dium size and slimly built, S19 represented himset as @ British subject ani presented a passport sigued by the British Consul at Baltimore, aud countersigned by the Secretary of State. Pegram is about the samo age of Kelley and of like Proportions and stature. All of the party were well dressed, and apparently mea of means. Carson exhibited a ‘pass’? from Colonel Heintzleman, countersigned by General Cooper, dated August 9, Upoa his person were algo found other passes, In the carpet bag owned by Pegram wero found a num- number of sealed letters, among which one directed to Judge Brewer, at Annapolis, apd others to Mrs M. Humpb. reys and George Brewer, at Baitimore. Those wet opened and discovered to be signed by J.W. Brower, @ ant in the Washington Artillery, of New Orleans g in the Confederate army. They were principally ptive of the battle of Bull run, in which tho writer pated. ‘cious nature was found in the carpet but upon examining bis person the officers discovered a large number of letters sewed up very neat- ly between the muslin of his shirt. These were prince pally of a business nature, written by parties at the South, and addressed to friends in Baltimore. An unusualiy ise amount of drafts and bank notes were also found op is pers on. ‘All the letters were taken possession of by the Mayer, and the circumstances being deemed sufficient to detain the men in custody, they wore put in the county prison for a further hearing. So far a3 we can learn, the immediate causo of the ar- rest of the party was owing to # despatch received in this city from Hagerstown, that the men had secretly crossed tne Fotomac trem the Virginia side, at a point above Williamsport, and that one of them wag @ resident of Charlestown, Va.,and a secessionist, Thero is no doubt, from the letters found in the pose seaxion of the party, that they are fresh from tho rebel army iri Virginia, and were en roule for Baltimore, with no good intentions. SOUTHERN MANUFacTURE OF RIFLED CANN ‘ON. the Charleston Courier, August 12. ‘The war is fast developing the mechanical skill and re sources of our people, On Saturday we examined at the foundry establishment of Mess ‘beau- tiful wrought iron twelve- from original models and under the immediate superin- tendence and direction of the enterprising proprivtors. The piece has not as yet been tried, but from its appear- ance there canbe no doubt that it wil! prove a most effi- cient weapon for either fleld or privateering purposes, or in 8 fortification. It is intended for rapid firing, aud cam be moved very quickly from place to place. The picce is at the workshops foot of Hazell street, and open to the examination of tho public. It will more than repay # visit. We also witnessed in successful operation a per- cussicn cap making machine, capable of turmng out from 25,000 to 35,000 caps daily. ‘This machine was invented by that skilfal draughtsman and master mechonic Mr. Taylor, one of the proprietors. Although simpie in its ope ration, much thought and patient perseverance was requl- site to bring all its nice combinations to work with accu- racy and facility. But the necessities of the Stale de- manded it. Mr. Taylor was furnished by Colonel Mani- gault, Chief of the Ordnance Department, with a strip of copper, a cap and a star cnt from the copper to show how the caps were made. Mr. Taylor immediately set to- work, and in Jess than a month’s time the machine wae in operation. The copper is cut into strips of the proper width and then passed through roliers which form the stars. From that they are carried forward toa die and made into a cap. We would advise the curions, however, and all interested, to see the operation themselves, The proprietors take great pleasure in oxtending to all visitors every possible facility. A large thirty-two pounder, re. cently riflad at the establishment, and designed for Fort Sumter, was also exhibited to us. An attempt at descrip. tion of this handsome piece of workmanship woul! only mar the pleasure of an examination. The propricto® have invented a machine for rifling cannon of any size and twist that may be desired, from ten to forty feet. These gentlemen deserve the highest credit for their en- terprizing spirit and the zeal they have exhibited, to render service to the State at a moment of pressing emer- gency. A ROCKET BRIGADE. ‘rom the Newark Journal, August 21.] : Messrs. J. G. and Isaac Ego, the celebrated pyrotech- nists of Jersey City, are about to organize a Rocket Bri- gade to enlist in the service of the United States. During the Crimean war several of the English brigades, art with theso terrible rockots, rendered efficient service in repelling cavalry. Tt is alleged that whore an enemy ie in ambush, or behind masked batteries, and surrounded by dense woods, these rockets will prove very dostrac- tive. They can be thrown with the greatest precision and being of a combustible nature will set the woo's on fire. Assurances have been receive which lead the Messrs. Edge to believe that such @ brigade will be ac. opted by the goverpment,