The New York Herald Newspaper, August 6, 1861, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, ELETOR AND OvwICN N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. Wolke XEVE...,.:ccscsyesases cveseee1MOe M10 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.-Tus Tooo.as—Tamon Mana. f LAURA THEATRE, No. 0% Broadway.— Saves ioe NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Luoxr Houss aloe ubeare dose touse WiDow. UM'S AMERICAN MUSEU! vening-—MAniK—Hoots AT THe aup Otuse Ovaiosrtias, BRYANTS' MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ {all, 478 Broad- way.—Eruiorian Sonos, Daxoes, &0.—Rival DaRxris. MELODEON GONOERT HALL, No. 0% B = Bonas, Danczs, Buatesquas, — : papi Broadway.—Day WaN—Beans, Bea OCANTERBUBY MUSIC HALL, 685 Broadway.-% » Danone, BURLESQUES, 40. sith ap GAIBTIES CONCERT ROOM, 616 Broadway. Room Kwremrainwants Bauuers, Pantominns, Far ICAN MUSIC HALL, 444 Broadway.—Sonos, Bat- "ANTOMIMES, &0.—UNOL® JEEP, Lats, ORYSTAL PALAQE CONCERT H. No. 45 Bowery. Buaesques, Songs, Danoxs, P: “ BiacK BLuspEns Now York, Tuesday, August 6, 1861. OUR WAR MAPS. We have issued another edition of the nu merous maps, plans and diagrams of the ope- tations of the Union and rebel troops in Vir- ginia, Missouri, Illinois, Florida, and on the Missis. sippi and Missouri rivers, and it is now ready for flelivery. Agente desiring copies are requested to send in their orders immediately. Single copies sig cents. Wholesale price the same as for tho Waray Hera. THE SITUATION. ‘Tt is aaid that the city of Washington is swarm- ing with rebel spies from Baltimere, whose pre- sence has beeo readily discovered by detective police from the latter city. It is also stated that a regular communication is preserved with the rebel headquarters, despite the assiduity of the Post Offie:: Department in cutting off the mails. If this be permitted to continue it, is idle for the com- manding generals io exercise so rigid a supervi- sion over the press as they have recently imposed. It will be seen, by our telegraphic news to- that an inturview took place afew days ago, be- tween General McClellan and the newspaper cor- respondents at Washington, with regard to the Publication of military news, and that certain a@greoments were entered into. Majoxs General McClellan appears to be particu- larly impressed with the necessity of withholding all information of his movements from the tocal press of Washirgton, owing to the want of faith manifested on the part of some of the journalists there, ond it certainly seems by t that if the newspaper — correaponden om the Worthern States are denice ‘elligence of ermy movements for publication as & matter of precaution, those journals which may more readily fall into the hands of the rebels Should not be furnished with such information as “may prove of service to the enemy. , Areport from the Potomac fleet states that the rebols have a large body of negroes at work throwing up fortifications on Musquito Point, at | the mouth of the Rappahannock river. Brigadier Gereral Pierce, who commanded the Union troops at the disaster of Big Bethel, has issued an official report, in which he states that he acted on that occacion strictly according to orders, which he affirms were given by his superior officer without any knowledge of the position or the strength of theenemy. He says that his command was composed of raw troops, and that they had only twenty rounds of ammunition each, and his light artillery was furnished with but twelve rounds—not sufficient to sustain a fire of five min utes duration, He states further that he demanded | & court of inquiry, in order to place the blame of | the disaster where it properly belonged, and that | he was met with the reply that an invostigation might reveal something to the injury of the service. Brom the army of General Banks, near Harper's Forry, we hear of a small picket engagement which took place yesterday morning atdaybreak. A por- tion of the Twenty-eighth New York regiment Orosacd the river at Point of Rocks, and founda picket of the rebel cavalry at breakfast. They at- tacked and dispersed them, killing three, wounding five and taking seven of their number prisoners, The United Statea gunboat Crusader has suc- ceeded in securing six American vessels, which had boon seized by the rebel privateer Sumter. The Crasader proceeded from Key West to the port of Cienfuegos, in Cubs, in search of the Sumter, but found that the privateer had‘sailed, leaving six of her prizes, however, lying at anchor in the harbor. Captain Craven, of the Crusader, had an inter- tow with the Spanish Governor of the town, and explained to him that the crew of the Sumter were regarded as pirates by our government, and would be treated as such if captured. Ho then took pos- Session of the six American vessels and convoyed ‘them safely to Key West, Governor Gamble, of Missouri, has just issued a proclamation to the citizens of that State, in which e calls upon all those who are enrolled in the ate militia now in arms against the foede- fal government, who were called out his predecessor, Jackson, to return to | their homes, promising them protection if they do He appeals to the sheriffs by 80. Of counties and other magistrates, to exercise all | the authority vested in them by law, in arresting ‘and punishing every one who may break the peace, Molest hig fellew citizens, or retain arms, the Property of the federal government. He also notifies all those citizens of other States, who may be in arms within the bonndaries of Missouri (in the rebel ranks), to with- draw to their own States, Missouri does not need nor desire preseuce. After tiv issue of this proclamation, Governor Gamble foceive 1 a despatch from the ‘ar Department, stat- ing his promise of protectin to all those who may Tay down their arms wou! »* sustained by the go- verrment. In several «counties of Northern Mis- pour Supp: eas rebellion, with the assurance that if they cannot effect that pur; ose, the military power will de used to its utmos' «tent. i Oongress finishes ‘*: -ocial war session to-day, Lue committees of anfety have been appointed to | and after » more formal meeting for the passage of complimentary resolutions to the Speaker of the House and President of the Senate, will adjourn. Congress has done its duty to the country in the brief seasion just concluded, by endorsing the vigorous measures which the Executive found it necessary to adopt for the suppression of rebel- lion, and in strengthening the hands of the govern- ment for future emergencies by voting an increase of men and money for the progress of the war. The last act of the Senate yesterday was to pass a bill increasing the pay of the soldiers in the United States service—that of the privates from eleven to fifteen dollars a month, and the pay of non-commissioned officers in like proportion. If every Congress had dono as much valuable work, and misspent as little time as the body which concludes its labors to-day, the people would have vory little fault to find with their representatives. THE NEWS. We subjoin a copy of the income taxes and duties imposed by the recent act of Congress, published yesterday, in order that our readers may at a glance percelve the different articles taxed and the rates fixed thereon. Tho act goes into offect on the lat of April next. THE INCOME TAX. By the provisions of the act an annual tax is laid on incomes derived from all sources other than pro- perty subjected to the direct tax, as follows:— On yearly incomes of rosidonts of over $900. ..8 per cent. On yearly incomes of non-residents of over $400.6 per cant. THB TAX ON CARRIAGES. A tax is also laid annually on every carriage, the body of which rests on springs of any description, which may be kept for use, and which shall not be exclusively employed for the transportation of mer- chandise, according to the following valuation, in- cluding the harness used therewith :— Not exceeding fifty dollars.,.....:++ os If above fifty and not exceeding one hundreti dollar If above one hundred and not exceeding two hund. dollars ‘bs dollars. . AOMATS.6seeesseeeeeeees If above one thousand dolla oe THE TAX ON WATCHES. An annual tax is also laid upon overy watch kept for use, as follows:— Gold watches, each Silver watches, THR TAX ON DISTILLED SPIRITS, It is also provided that an annual tax bo levied on distilled spirits, to be paid by the manufacturer or distiller thereof, as follows:. On each gallon, first proof or loss. On each gallon, of greater strength than first proof, in proportion to the above. THE TAX ON FERMENTED LIQUORS, Beer, ale, porter and, other similar fermented H- quors are to be taxed as follows, the duty to be paid by the brewer thereof :— 60 conta. 60 conts In the Senate yesterday the bill confiscat- ing the property of rebels, with the House amendment confiscating all slaves found en- gaged in the military and naval service of the rebels, was taken up, on motion ef Mr. Breckinridge, and the amendment was agreed to by a vote of 24 toll. A bill providing for addi- tional enlistments in the navy was passed. The House bill to promote the efficiency of the Engineer corps was passed. A bill legalizing and approving the acts of the President, connected with the pro- clamations for volunteers and other military move- ments, to which was added an amendment increas- ing the pay of privates and non-commissioned officers of the army, and also that of marines and sailors, four dollarg a moat), was passed. In the House the Judiviory Committee reported a bill Gixing the ftwulbcr of the members of the House under the late census, after March 3, at two ' hundred and thirty-nine, to be apportioned among | the several States in aecordance with the act of | 1850. The bill was passed. The Senate amend- ment to the bill authorizing additional enlistments | for the navy was amended by striking out the word ‘‘marines,”’ and the bill passed. The Dill to | increase the Engineer corps and the corps | of ‘Topographical Engineers was passed, The Senate bill increasing the pay of the army and navy was passed. The Senate bill requiring an oath of allegiance and to | srpport the constitution from those in the civil service of tue United States, and declaring that a | tefuwal to take the oath shall be considered cause nd the breaking of the oath to sub- ender to indictment for perjury, was i, A }o! was introduced repealing so much the luwas exempts a witness who te: an investigating committee from prosecution in a court of justice. Mr. Wickliffe said that he would vote for it, as under that clause the contractors and the company who stole the Indien bonds got clear. Without disposing of the bill the House ad- journed. We give below the names of some of the secession journals of the North, together with a number of the unconditional Union papers in the South. We shall add to both lists from time to time, until we have secured the names of all those in the Northern States who sympathize with and support the pre- sent rebellion, and also all those journals in the South that remain true to the Union:— Northern Rebel Papers. Southern Union Papers, N. ¥, Journal of Commerce. Baltimore American. New York News. Lovisville Journal, N. Y. Freeman’s Journal, —_8t. Louis Democrat. Albany Argus. Knoxville (Teun.) Whig. Newark Mercury. St. Joseph (Mo.) Journal. Hartford Times. Louisville Democrat. Portiand (Me.) Argue. Baltimore Patriot. } Council Blufs (Towa) Bugle. Whealing (Va.) Proea, Paterson (N. J.) Register. Wheeling (Va. Intelligencer. Trenton (N. J.) American, Wilmington (Del.) Journal. Winona (Minn.) Stato, Milford mi) ews. Concord (N. H.) Patriot. _Brederick (Md.) Examiner, Troy Budget. Morgantown (¥a.) Star. Dubuque (lowa) Herald. Franf't(Ky. Bridgeport (Conn.) Farmer. St. Joseph th mnmonwealth (0. New Haven Register. Wellsburg Towa State Joyrnonl. Republican. {ra} Herald. Washington (Pa.)Examinor. Major General Butler, commander of Fortress Monroe, was arrested by one of the Provost Mar- shal’s Guard, in Washington, on Sunday evening, and detaincd until he was satisfactorily identified. Hamilton R, Gamble, the newly chosen Governor of Missouri, took porsersion of the executive man- sion, in Jefferson City, on the 2d inst. John J. Jackson is announced as the Union can- | didate for Congress in the Eleventh district of Vir- winia, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the election of Hon. John 8, Carlile to the United States Senate, The Louisville Democrat says that one of the | teamsters in the Union army, who contributed to get up the panic at the battle of Bull run, passed throngh that city onthe Ist inst. on his way to Richiond, to receive the promised reward for his services. | Jeff. Davis’ government, it is said, will now take | anything in aid of the Confederate loan, from a bale of cotton to a bundle of hoop poles. In the early part of June the Common Council of New Orleans passed an ordinance to issue the bonds of the city for two hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars, and immediately thereafter the Mayor opened books-of subscrfption for the amount. On the 30th of July the city authorities were yet calling upon the moneyed men to come wp and subegribe. One of the speakers at a public meeting held in New Orleans on the 29th ult. said he had thonght the North was almost unanimously againet the Bouth; bat he bed heard Vallandig- ham’s voice, and be then felt there were many men in the North whe sympathize with the cause of se- cession. Tho New Oxjeans papers give liste of the killed NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, AUGUST 6, IB6I. and wounded in the four Mississippi regiments at the battle of Bull run, Thoy number thirty-five killod and one hundred and twenty-three wounded. Tho country papers sey that after harvest volun- teers will flock to the various regiments now form- ing in all parts of the Northern States by thou- sands, At present most of the young men are en- gaged in gathering the crops, The political fossils whogompose the Democra- tic State Central Committee of Ohio, it appears, have not yet realized the fact that the democratic party is as dead asan Egyptian mummy. They have decided that “‘it is expedient to hold a De- mocratic State Convention at Columbus,’’ and to- morrow is the day fixed upon to apply galvanic batteries to the old carcass. The Ohio fiver was rising at Wheeling on the 2d inst., and three and a half feet of water wasreport- ed in the channel. A colored girl named Amelia Stone, twenty-four years of age, born in Geneva, N. Y., sold herself into slavery in New Orleans on the 30th ult. Two thousand muskets and one thousand rifles are made each week at Providence, Springfleld and Hartford. We are indebted to Adams & Co.'s express for New Orleans papers to the 30th ult. The Court of Oyer and Terminer will be opened this morning, before Judge Ingraham. There is no particular business expected, except tho case of Mr. Hackley, the Street Contractor, in which an endeavor will be made to dispose of it ane way or another. We are in receipt of numerous files of Mexican papers. Dates from the capital are to July 10, and Vera Cruz July 16. The news from the capital is about three weeks later, and is rather important, ‘The reactionary forces, under the lead of Marquez, have swelled to formidable proportions, compared with their opponents, and are their superiors not only in numbers, but also in energy. Onthe 25th of June a party of 2,000 cavalry under Marquez actually marched into the city, meeting with little or no resistance till they got to the place known as Buena Vista, where they were suddenly fired upon by two pieces of cannon, This, and a charge made on them by some of the government cavalry under Colonel Diaz, cost them a good many men, and they retired. Diaz lost only seventeen in killed and wounded. General Ortega, who was absent from the city and anxiously expected, arrived there the next day, and having rapidly organized what forces he could collect, left in pursuit of the enemy on July 2. The latter had in the mean time taken Pachu- ‘ca—a small town in the State of Mexico—commit- ting their usual abominable excesses. General Arteaga, next in command to Ortega, followed on the 5th with considerable reinforcements. Up to the 8th no fight had occurred, with the exception of a skirmish between outposte, Marquez steadily retreating before the liberals. Congress was in session, discussing the most frivolous measures— such as abolishing the use of the prefix “‘Don’’ to a gentleman's name, the title of “Excellency,” &.— at the moment even when their enemies had almost got President, Congress and all by the throat. The funeral services of the late General Valle, who was executed by Marquez on June 23, were celebrated at the oapital on the 30th of the same month. He was only twenty-eight years of age. The foreign residents of the city of Mexico were arming and organizing for mutual protection—a very necessary precaution, since Marquez has in- scribed on his banners, ‘Death to foreigners, but especially Frenchmen,” If Ortega, with his smaller force, should be drawn into an ambuscade and defeated, the capital would inevitably fall, and then v@ viotis! President Juarez was without a Cabinet, with no prospect of forming one at the latest date. Mr. Henry Beale, an Englishman, and one of the oldest foreign residents in the country, was most barbarously murdered at his house inthe capital on the night of July 6. In brief, there ap- pears to be no improvement in Mexican affairs. Delenda est Carthago! Bermuda files to the 24th ult. have come to Aand. The British fleet in American waters hea had on addition to its number in her Majesty's screwwteam frigate Ariadne, Captain E. W. Vansittart, which arrived on the 19th from Plymouth, England, via Madeira, The Ariadne is a3 splendid a ship as be- longs to the royal navy. She is 3,200 tons burthen, is 318 feet long, 200 horse power, and carries twen- ty-six guns, twenty-four ten-inch and two Arn- strong one hundred pounders. She brought super- numeraries for the Nile and Challenger, and a sinall detachment of marines for distribution amon, the ships of the squadron, Rice teed Tho first of the Hew line of steamers betw Antwerp and this port—the Congress, Captain Luning—will leave the former’ place on the 21st inst., touching at Havre. She will loave New York on her return trip on Thursday, Soptember 19. The torrid spell prevailing for the last half dozen days was interrupted yesterday afternoon by a re- freshing shower of rain. But the relief was only temporary; indeed, it might be said, momentary. Scarcely had the sky cleared away when the sun poured down again in pitiless rays, scorching up things, animate and inanimate, and having a parti- | cularly dissolving effect upon humanity. ‘Oh, for one puff of cool air or an iced claret punch!"’ was unmistakeably written on the Gountenance of every second man you met. The Board of Supervisors met yesterday at noon, according to law; for the choice of inspectors and canvassers of election. A communication from the Secretary of State, through the Sheriff, announcing the list of officers to be clacted in November, was received. A warm debate aprung up upon a com- munication from a committee of the Mozart Hall organization, claiming one-third proportion of the officers to be charged with the elections. Supervi- sor Ely moved that the clection officers be chosen upon a basis in proportion to the vote at the last elections, including the Mozart, republican and Tammany tickets in this city. ‘he motion was strongly urged by Supervisor Purdy, and was lost by atie vote, the democratic members voting in the affirmative and the republicans in the negative. The communication was ordered to be entered on the minutes, when the Board made an informal bal- lot for inspectors in the First district of the First ward, when the subject was postponed until Tues day, three wecks from this date. The Board ad- journed to meet on Tuesday, lith inst., at three o'clock P. M. The Board of Councilmen met last evening and transacted a*large amount of routine business, Councilman Ottiwell, who is @ captain in the Twelfth regiment, was loudly applauded by his fellow members on taking his seat. Mr. Stevenson presented a resolution tendering the thanks of the | Common Council to the various New York regi- ments which have returned from the seat of war for their promptnees in responding to the call of the government. It was. unanimously adopted. Communications were received from the Comptrol- jer in reply to resolutions of inquiry respecting the running of ferries, all of which were referred to the Committee on Ferries. The Mayor sent in a mes- sage announcing the death of Ex-Mayor Clark, and, in connection with the subject, Mr. Barney offered resolutions sympathizing with the family of the deceased, and resolving to attend the faneral of the distinguished citizen, on Tuesday morning, at Trinity church. The Board adopted a resolution discontinuing the Daily News aa a Corporation paper, notwithstanding the objections of the Mayor, Mesers. Jones, Hogen and Ryan being the only members who véted in the negative. As soon as the Board adjourned the members repaired to an adjoining apartment, where & supper was ,wiven in honor of Councilman Ottiwell. Brief tm- promptu speeches and the consumption of choice wines wae the order of the evening. ‘The Tammany Society beld a regular monthly meeting 1ae0 night in the Old Wigwam, but trans- acted no basiness of epeqial importance further than the election of Colonel Coggswell, of the Tam- many regiment, as a member of the Order, and the sloction of Thomas Dualap as Sachem, in the place of Colonel Wm. D. Kennedy, deceased? The Examining Board of the Navy Departmont met yesterday at tho office of Messrs. E. & G. W. Blunt, for the purpose of examining and recommend- ing officers taken from the merchant service to command the vessels recently purchased by the United States. Several applications were re- ceived and filed away for reference, and the Board will continue to sit every day, at eleven o'clock A.M. The following gentlemen compose the Ex- aminera:—Capt. E. Nye, R. H. Taylor and G. W. Blunt. The failure of a heavy jobbing house in the wholesale grocery trado has been announced on ‘Change. The August term of tho General Sessions com- menced yesterday, Recorder Hoffman presiding. As a sufficient number of Grand Jurors were not in attendance to form a quorum, those gentlemen who answered to their names were discharged till this (Tuesday) morning. A number of unimpor- tant cases were disposed of; among them were the foHowing:—Joseph Bernard, who pleaded guilty to stealing $55 in money from Thomas Hall, 39 Nas- sau street, on the 9th of July, was sent to the State prison for two years, Edward Holden, who at- tempted to pass $2 counterfeits on the Union Bank of Vermont, pleaded guilty to forgery in tho fourth degree, and was gentenced to the State prison for two years. Aceording to the City Inspector's report there were 685 deaths in the vity during the past week— an increase of 55 as compared with the, mortality of the week previous, and 88 more than occurred daring the corresponding week last year. The ro- capitulation table giv. deaths of alcoholiam, 3 of diseases of the bones, joints, &.; 98 of tho brain and nerves, 5 of the generative organs, 16 of the heart and blood vessels, 103 of the lungs, throat, &0.; 4 of old age, 46 of diseases of the skin and cruptive fevers, 9 premature births, 240 of diseases of the stomach, bowels and other digestive organs; 36 of uncertain seat and general fevers, 14 of vio- lence, &c.; 3 of diseases of the urinary organs, and 3 unknown, The recapitulation table gives 428 na- tives of the United States, 8 of England, 91 of Treland, 43 of Germany, 5 of Scotland, and the balance of various foreign countries. ‘Tho cotton market was firmor yesterday and more ao- tive, ‘The sales embraced about 2,000 bales, part to spin- ners and part on speculation, closing on tho basis of 1630. #170. for middling uplands, Flour, owing to limitod re~ ceipts and some concession in freights, was firmer, espo- cially for shipping brands, which wore 6c. por barrel higher. Wheat was firmly held, while the demand was fair, Shipping qualities wore steady and firm, while other grades were unchanged; sales were made to a fair extent. Corn was easior and more ac- tive at the concession, closing at 460. a 463¢c. for shipping lots of Wostorn mixed, Rye was stoady and quiet. Pork was firmer, with sales of mess at $15 75 4 $16, and of prime at $10 50a $10 75, Sugare were firm, and the advance of Saturday was main tained, with sales of 1,600 bhde. and 750 boxes at pricos givon in another column, Coffee was firm, with sales of 500 bags Rio and 250 do, St. Domingo at prices givon elsewhere. Freighta to Liverpoct were easier. Corn was cngaged at 634, 8 8YXd., and flour at 2s, 3d. Whoat, in bags, to London, was engaged at 103{d., and flour at 2s, 10}, To Havre wheat was engaged at 18¢., while flour was at 70c. The War Its Financial and Commer. clal Aspects—A Great Revolution, A war against domestic or foreign enemies of the magnitude of this in which we are now involved to “maintain the integrity of the Union,” must inevitably carry with ita great revolution and a comprehensive work of recon- struction, not only in our political, but in our financial and commercial affairs. | The enormous demands upon our federal Treasury involved in the organization and equip- ment of an army of half a million of men, and in the necessities of a largely increased naval establishment, have suddenly augmented the military bills of Congress to the proportions of those of the great European Powers. Congress, too, has been called upon to provide the ways and means for meeting these extraordinary de- mands, and from necessity has been compelled | to resort to extraordinary measures, The ro- sources of the cotton, sugar and rice, and of several of the tobacco and grain prodyoing States of the Sonth, are not only *ithheld from ws in this crisis, hut théy are employed against us, including the los to the loyal States of the | Union of an aggregate of Southern debts, | stocks, bonds, securilies, &e., of perhaps not | less than one hundred and fifty millions of dollars. At the same time, all the | profits hitherto accruing to the North from our | trade with the South, and all the revenues flow- | ing into the Treasury from European exchanges for Southera products, are suspended under our i Southern embargo. | These heavy drawbacks of this unparalleled rebellion, and its formidable military organiza- tion, have driven our government to all the ex- | | pedients and available facilities of banks, Trea sury notes, loans and direct taxes. The system of measures passed at this extra session of Con- gress, accordingly, mark the commencement of anew epochin our financial and commercial affairs, somewhat resembling that of the time of President Madison, which was brought about by the heavy expenditures and public debt incurr- ed from the war with England of 1812-'13-'14- ‘15. That war, under the auspices of the old | republican party, and from the exertions of | Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun and other South- ern statesmen of that day, brought about the protective tariff system, against the remon- strances of the New England commercial States, and brought about, algo, the establishment of a national bank. Under this system of a protective tariff and anational bank the country prospored until 1832, when South Carolina, assuming the attitude of nullification, secession and rebellion, a tariff compromise was effected to meet the changed condition of things in the South in favor of free trade. A few years later General Jackson commenced his war upon that aristocratic monopoly, the United States Bank, and this war was prosecuted to the downfall of the bank. and, tbrongh the disastrous experiment of t t bank substitute, to the establishment | of the independent or Sub-Treasury system. Vvom this hide-bonnd financial system, and from all the tinkerings of the tariff, the hountiful gold mines of California (acquired by and discovered since the Mexitan war) relieved us, and the country continued to présper and to speculate until brought to a sudden standetill by the late financial revulsion of 1857. We axe just recovering from this shock, and launching again upon the broad sea of peaceiul enterprise and extravagance, when our country, our political institutions, and our financial and commercial systemsare torn asunder and thrown into ruin and confusion as by a great earthquake. Our government is suddenly menaced by a pow. erful Southern armed conspiracy, our capital is in danger of a revolutionary armed occupation, the loyal States and people are galled to the rescue; and now, from a condition of peace anc boundlees prosperity, we are called, governmen and people, to meet the requisitions of an army of five hundred thousand men, and of a navy rn rebellion. “We are in the midst of a great revolution,” financial and commercial, whatever may be the pelitical issues of this war, We are encouraged, however, with the belief, in the midst of mercantile failures and the general prostration of our business affairs, that these great fundamental financial changes which are upon us will be productive of some good results—that the onormous loans and Treasury note issues of the, government will put in active and useful operation large amounts of money which would otherwise lie idle in our banks; tbat the new tariff and the necessitles of this war will give a new impulse to some of our domestic manufactures; and that the income tax bill will make our men of capital and property somewhat more attentive than they have hitherto been to their political dutios, and to the dirty jobs and disorganizing intrigues and plots of selfish and reckless politicians. Wo must expeet that our merchants and men of business, who have grown up and become in- corporated with the Sub-Treasury system and its appendages of our late prosperous peace establishment, will have to suffer to a very great extent from this sweeping financial revo- lution which is upon us. But the work of re- construction will go on, and if by May next this Southern rebellion shall be put down, we shall be in a good condition, under these ex- traordinary Congressional acts of a state of war, for a speedy restoration to prosperity under a state of peace. The small note Treasury issues, and tho facilities offered the government by suoh reliable State banks as those of New York, will supply temporarily the functions of o national bank—an Institution which we have no doubt will be re-established on or before the return of peace. aie — ee Merrine ov tam Stats Cenraat Commrrge at Atsany.—Tho Republican State Central Com- mitted assembles at Albany to-day and tho de- mocratic on Thursday of this week to lay down their programmes for the coming campaign. What these party politicians propose to do we have no knowledge, neither does it make much difference what they decide apon as to their line of policy, We are in the mist of a mighty revo- lution—one that the in‘¢! ud dishonesty of the party politicians 1 vught upon the country. It is a brea’. po. o> mighty deep, and our politiclens way sound (heir trumpets, but they will nieet with no respouse from the masses, who have, by this time, beén brought to a full realization of the cause of the present distracted state of the country. The State Committee may, in thelr imaginary wisdon. put their heads together and agree-upon 4 pian, bu: its adoption by the public depends altogeu er upon the events that will transpire be- tween this and election day. Members of all parties have united ia the support of the.Lin- coln administration in putting down the rebel- lion. Those who have fought each other in the political field are to-day side by side in the military camps, armed and equipped, to fight for the honor of the nation. The politicians may devise and plan otherwise; but nothing but the dastardly meanness and criminal ties that have been practiced by the politicfans, who have worked themselves into the position of paymaster, quartermaster and other regi- mental offices, as they have been accustomed to do in political positions, for the profit that they may dishonestly obtain from the position, can prevent men of all parties standing side ‘by sido as long as there is a rebel in arms against the government. These party committoes may succeed in lay- ing down a plan which they will consider asuc- cessful issue toenter upon the campaign with, but the very first measurement of swordsin a contest between the arnties of the Union and the rebellion forces may destroy it all. Sup- pose, for an instance, the political parties had mage their arrangement before the battle at Buil rum, and é election bad taken place in one weck after, how much attention do these politicians imagine would have been paid to their programme? We repeat it, the result of the fall elections rests entirely upon the events that will transpire at the seat of war between this and November; and no human wisdom can now predict, much less plan, fer all the changes that will take place. Expecting nothing prac- ticul from these party commiltees, wo await patiently the result of thei deliberations, Tur Errece or Direct Taxation Upon Socirry.—We have hitherto been the most lightly taxed and prosperous people in the world, and now that we are promised a new scheme of taxation, rendered necessary by the war, apprehensions are entertained that it may press infuriouely upon certain sections of the community. But we do not think that this is like- ly te beso. The effect of the bills to come into | operation mext April will be to equalize the system of taxation more than has hitherto been the case. All real estate bolders have long heen heavily taxed, while those in the enjoy- ment of large incomes, but without being house or landowners, have escaped the demands of the taxgatherer, The income tax, aa in England, may be unpopular, but Ys simpHcity and cer. tainty are strong recommendations in its favor as a measure of expediency at the present time. That it will have anything like a permanent ex- isience among us is, however, by no means likely. The tex on weiches may easily be borne, ag it will fall on the wealthier portion of the community. although we do not doubt that it will lead many of those now in the habit of wearing them tu diseontinue the practice. The general effect of the new schedule will be to induce the practice of domestic economy. Already, indeed, the reduction of incomes; caused by the stagnation of trade and the de- preciation of property, bas put an end to many of the exisavegances which were before com- mon to us. Ji is well for us a8 a nation that this salutary soels! change has been inangurated, and thet people who have been accustomed only to squander should find it necessary to practise the virtue of thrift. SHiCe OF ent OF tHE Votvnrners.—Several | letters buve appeared in the New York papers complaining of the non-payment of the three months volunteer troops. We have been called upen by an officer of the army, who states that paymasters have been sp” pointed to the special duty of paying these trcops in New York, vat cannot obtain the rolls from the officers of the regiments, who are either sadly incompetent or very neg': ‘/ut of their duty. It is the tuclt of the officers of re- | giments, therefore, an’ not of the War Depart- men’, that the troopsare no} paid, for the agents of the government are here ready to pay if the rolls are presented to them. The men who, of fifty thousand, fur the suppresgion of this feel aggrieved ought to look to their :digers. tae CoMPLNTs ABOUT THR Er ‘reor OF THE WaR Ww Tae CuRKULMENT Of Cuxprre.— "be failure of Clafin, Meh!en & Co., one af the largest and woalthiest dry goods houses in the country, is another evidance of the impolloy of the extended credits w 4 business has been carried on with the South and West. “For twenty yoars the evil bas been gradually assuming larger proportions, wutil if has at last engulfed all those who have beay seduced into it. The firm in question did am enormous trade, and, had nothing occurred te derange their calculations, would have retired with large fortunes. Some mouths since: thels assets wore estimated at noarly twelve milliens, with liabitities amounting to nine. By dlat of heavy sacrifices they have reduced the latter te a third of the amount, still leaving @ con siderable surplus. Their failure, while osten sibly due te the wholesale repudiation of their obligations by their Southern customers and thé diffleulty of obtaining remittances from the West, is more fairly chargeable to the exagge, fated credits on which their business and that of the great majority of other houses doing a Southern trade have been carried on. It amounted to a sort of gambling, in whiob, if nothing occurred to check commercial confidence, the profits covered the risks, It required, however, but @ shock such as the country has just received to bring this artificial and vicious system toppling to the ground Among its ruins the only houses left standing are those which, like the firm of A. T. Steward & Co., have carried on their business on short credits or on the cash principle. It is the same with newspapers, The old fogy journais, such as the Qourter and Enquirer, which did business on the credit system, and contracted for advertisements by the year, have either given up the ghost or are in the last agony. Itis only independent newspapers like the Hgrato, which neither gives nor takes credis, and pays everything over the counter, that can adapt their resources to the altered condition of the times. Let the war last but another twelvemonths and there will be such a revolu- tion in the press of this country as has not been witnessed at any provious period of its history, In any oase, the credit system will undergo aa extensive modification, and trade will be con- ducted on sounder principles than have hitherto guided its operations. ImPoRTANT APPOWNTMENT—JEFFERSON SRIOK TO Commanp THe Running Batcave.—We learn from reliable sources of information at Washingtea that the Hon. Jefferson Brick is to be appointed immediately a brigadier general, to have com- mand of a new brigade, to be raised by himself and organized from the debris of the troops who lately fought and run away from Bull run, It is to be called the Running Brigade, and the men are to be carefully selected with speoiat reference to the quality of their legs, wind and bottom. The War Department so thoroughly appreciate not only the speod of Brick, but his ekill in making others run like deer, as exemplified in the late fight, that it has tendered to him this appointment, accompanying it by a profusion of com- pliments upon his running qualitios, which greatly enhance the honor, and render it impos- sible for Brick to decline. It appears that auch was the precipitancy of his flight that hc smash- ed the wagon (for whioh he now refuses to pay) and then mounting one of the two hovaes which drew it, while the driver straddled tho other, he showed the way to Washington to tho rotrente ing army, and taught thom bow to rua. as no army on this continent ever ran before, He acquired the art of rapid retreat in the Italian war. On the day after the buttle of Solferine he set 15,000 Frenchmen going, followed by some Austrian hussars. They swept all obstruc- tions from their path, and stopped not even to breathe till they reached Brescia, a distance of ten miles, and found that, rapid as was their fight, they had been outstripped by the hore of the Mincio. In his race from Bull run to Wash- ington he beat his former achievement, making the best time on record. On the: principle that “he who fights and rons sw may live to fight another day,” {thas been deemed advisable to organize a Running Brie ‘h Brick in com- mand. In all repid retro is this brigade is to leat and show how ti We think the ap- pointment to this brigadicrsuip is excellent, and we Will guarantee tuas when the next race from a battle field comes off, Brick will bent the best time of Flora Temple. : Prick Navo.zon’s Tour.—It has been stated by some of the newspaper correspondents who profess to be au faitof Prince Napoleon’s move- ments that he will not go South. This is take. as an indication of the favorable disposition of his Imperial cousin towards our government. We have no doubt of the friendly feeling of the Emperor in our regard, but we do not think that it would for a moment interfere with his recog- nition of the Southern confederacy if he felt it to be his interest to acknowledge it. We are so far from believing that Prince Napoleon has in- structions not to go South, that we are pretty sure he will do so. He is a military man, and will naturally feel an interest in inspecting the condition of both camps. He will feel no dell- cacy in passing from one to the other, because, being a gentleman and a traveller for his own information, and not for that of ethers, like news- paper correspondents, he will have no appre- hension of being suspected of a betrayal of con- fidence by either side. We should be sorry were the Prince to qnit America without visite ing the South. The sooner the real condition of things there is understood, through the medium of disinterested European observers, the sooner will the hopes clung to by the rebels of foreign interference in their behalf be extinguished. The Firm of Bogert & Kneeland. The Editor of the Hxnarp will please correct thé report of the death of Henry Kneeland, in tho Sunday copy. The deceased was nover a member of the firm of Bogert & Kneeland, as there stated, but a brother of the Mr. Kneeland of tha ¢ firm, Arrivals and Departares. ARRIVALS. aupton—Steamship Fulton—Mrs Butanne Suh cen antarees Mr Cowdin gnd family, Fo8 and family, Mire Wood, Mra W B 8; , Mrs BE Hf Hender- son, rtridge and family, Mr. rand son, Mi i Misa Bonapare, Mrs Shab, FM Carter am Gs Pauilkner, famjly, Edwin James, lady and servant, Mise Hylilard, Mors Fig atin Mins Crage, Mrs Rice, Mr Rice, Mr Lai Geissenhainer, Mr Grasier, Dr Gage, Mr Wilmei man, F.D Howell, Mr W Sainpoel HG Sranaie, Otto Méyer, Carl ; chit A Litile, Mr Blanc, e niuret, Mr Bonnefoux, Mrs C Ram deter te cine aoe F. ‘and two children, Mrs Tonge Cara aorion, NraG Fay, & Predon, 4 Smotcnekis G Edwards, Mr Mioh Frank Dulger, N Cann, C Mayer, F Mental AC McGraw and Lieut de Haven fomily A Morgan, Mise Morgan, D'D Howard and aay 8. ‘Ward and Indy, rard, H.C Ward, Geo Wright, Louis Ta. chon, MS Brower and lady, Mr Martinez and amily, 0S Barman, A irerucker nnd’ fai, Me Buliman and dy oa EpemPrihin. dan Swain, fady aod son; M ‘Airares, G Hammors apt id kady, W ir Smith sad A Mise Collinor, Mer Weetertuann, o Fouster, J Irel bn oO Bemb A fer, lan ni dami, C Joli A Binsenbach, es Ran! Senet Ak Surong, De Wit C Bay and lady, Mr Mlel- Deal le. ‘Vera CRo2—Bark Acmo—Antonio de Sard, John Waulde, Bessvpa—Dark Bliza Barse—Joreph Bows