The New York Herald Newspaper, April 16, 1861, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 8985. ARRIVAL OF THE FULTON. REE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. IMPORTANT MOVEMENT OF GARIBALDI. ONTINUED DISAFFECTION IN POLAND. A WARLIKE FEELING IN EUROPE, fhe European Mission of the Commissioners from the Southern Confederacy, wr Paris, Bertin, Petersburg and Constanti- neple Correspondence. Messina, St STATE OF THE MARKETS, ‘Yhe steamship Fulton, Capt J. A. Wotton, from South. topton on the 3d inst. arrived at this port early yester- tog the United States mails, 158 pas- Wan. tTyann... * JV. Preemaa & ©. . Vor Bofliman & Co,. teh from Be: 4 an ordor to his officers on thom to be umous withia g fortuight, Figin wae to seach Vienua oa Saturday, and to pro- s that his Grace tho Duke beon appointed Guveraoe General of iudia, a euccesor to Karl Canning. ‘The London journals are mostly Sled with accoun's of ted thot M de la Guerroniere is eagaged in new pamphiet, “fhe Emperor Na- polcon IIf and Turkey. The Avstrim goverrment hos formally protested juel's talking the title of King of I:aly aud the heads of Tho houses of Modens, tuscany ant Par- ma have imitated its example. however, said to be very mild in ite character, According to the lallan joircals, several deputies, ful nment, have presented 4 og t» General Garibaldi, by way of Houal recompense, a persion of 169000 francs a year, the retirement of Garibsidi to Coprera has no: lesseaed his popularity, aad the Milan thot deputitions of the workmen's sucictios of Italy are asouabliog at Genoa to proceed i ir respects to the General. The American whaler Hero, from New Bedford, aftor running isto the Jane Laxey, of Londoa, dc ‘t,cut away her maste, and was wrecket, of Ausiria is, apts of the gov proposition fo: The Niagera arrived at Queenstowa on Tacad The Johunre?, of avd from Beemen to Br'timore, is stranded in Newark Bay, and wil! become a total wrevk. ni The Certrude, from New Orleans, arrived at Liverpool | Weer The Weiride, from New York, arrived at Gravesend Our Parts Correspondence. Heewt's Correspondence—Mr. and the Foench Preaty=The Debates in the Corps Legis Important Spook of M. Jules Favre, &2., dc. July, 1360, it was the ill la Varig correspondent to being down upon himself almost aa ayalavche of yituperativa from every English news- paper, because he ventured to record in your jou nal what was termed the plain speaking of Mr. Cobden about the ve positions of Kog'and and France, The New Beeatp correspondent became a byword and re- », for he had trumpeted to the other side of the ntic some news which was not generally ka-wo on Mr Cobden bimself was for reviviag the punish- | ment of the pillory for this delinquency, and the English preas declared the crime he had been gutity of was essen- tially American. Now, it surely will be permitted to remark, that men in Mr. Cobden’s position, except in the strict privacy of | their domestic relations, are not entitled to the privileges | They have, es woll by their tarter as abilities, contrived to stand out from among the ordinary ranke of men, to believe themselves irspired to aud change the world. nrailway carriege,aclub, ora public meeting, suchas that held in Paris last yeer, celebrating the anniversary of American Independence, express their opinions about public events to A or G, there is no privacy in the mat- is apy intended, They are encouraged to talk on ‘a by the humble listener, nut because he has 20 to raise, but beoauee of the public fame they | have acquired, and what they say he receives as public | property, eoufided imto his hands for the benefit of the ‘To suppose Mr. Cob ten has any right to bo surprised at being reminded of sentiments he has let fall to theve setting by his side atapublic meeting is and I am myself sincerely rejoiced ‘hat I have bad an opportunity of anticipating by sntha the laogusge with which just now he ed from his Algerine abode the Mayor of Lei- fo far back as of common individuals. If such men, in an absurdity in tho eighth paragraph of this letter he repeats all published about those interested parties », for purposes of their owa, were stim ene, whi'e the French Emp: neh peuple were giving no cause whatover for sus- thing but pacific intentio “Tt must not > epeakers and rho, without one fact to justify them—for facts—chargod the Freach {ceptions and treachery aty, are the game who have incessantly proclaimed the hostile derigas of the government "ipo Our poace and security ; who have accused it of having made formidable naval preparations; ng its plts aud conspiracies in all parts of the world. 96 |itile entitled to credit fa the one vot wait for the n the affair of the 1, atthe American Indo. ‘neck pg In Parts. Prince Alvert of riunteer system the Faclish arievveracy with a di between France aud Pagi conection which had eo happily pr prace Letwech the members of the great Anglo-Saxon vent his cs*ablishing lor of faet, the reesat speeches in the French nly be referred to for the amonat Me. Cobden bas begotten by lis ‘aad it only requires such a 1 bave lstely bad an opportunity © recent visite to England, with stateznea the Iding men o” commerce, to bo coa- ig not valued at the price fed, while in France tt is poken of with an intensity of hatred conformable to the ational narrow minledness in all matters commercial, in Fog'and tt is held to be a rimpie expodient for gaining tine, while the Emperor bas been gradnally nursing his yorite scheme of ultimately making Southern Italy « pendage, if not an tut the amovnt of math Frenen people ie really so infinitossim» nil: Wut 1 have alw. Legisiatnire may cert communication as of all pat tes at Vinced that in Fn portion of Kranos. endeavoret to show how distinctly this ie the contrary in France; and as | do not speak like ‘ from @n oxperiense of fifteen mouths, but [ bare no hesitation in stating ‘pelief to be that ap to the prosent timo ali the joation of the last forty five yours has only jonal antipathy against Englishmen and lord Palmorston, Lore ‘ord Malmesbury, men of wholly oppo ym the best of all evidence, aro wnvineed that a long aud t break out hetweon tha two to wee the words of the first menrioued ery additional three tenths’ peace Is @ of almeet as many yea Lord Derby an site partier, T know, fre Desoming more and more © mast event.a) pice, ia wis mest, rel watelied bj By et ory bas won for base fe reas Lite doubt that, ster org the popal has greatiy ingreased dot a) itself mot sulicweat ok ouet ble taccoase Of Teute. BL Bvleut pate that a) 600,009 Bat the fact iv, 11 i not BY meen an tacresse oF the pont Lation as on th orease of has t 6 enlarged witht che f 1 eithia tts einee adits tut wibthe tatebituats came ar ¢ es and bows Now one of ndam ® of thy augmpoteava of rene be cesre t counect the preseat dy- busty wilh tho enthe revovation of the mtropoiia, and tok sment for Ue mussos at wuy cust, Laut there has eo mnch aoomi: ieee ‘ving be- | rides ts tr ut the above is bus prin Ase, 1 out of the brads of the citizens, Gl over the expanditnce; and when at | Biteuts says, in reply to Mt. Picard, “lf you watc for it Lo | be restores to you Ul you obtain a m a Parlin. ty speculations which cau cover fructify, imperial goverment wil! be wize ma Its gov coase (ais abominable intermeddiing with elections, and covertig the whole coustry wish jealous @ frmers onder the © of provincia’ functionaries. AS cegures the effeot on Europe, @ very accurate cea reems to have beon formed on the eno J2ot as respects an important portion of this quarter of the gloce-—tamely, England. Of that country it 18 eait that ehe will henceforth perceive the wisdom aad pru dence of toe imperiabcounsels, The Emperor is her best f 4. Tt ig be alone tuat can chaia dowa the wad which, let loose, would ravage the whol> worst; bur t have this power of restraint, it is evidea! bo mast alwaye pO Yost military power, quite aznecestary for hou Feewr'ty as for hover Or devence abroad Inar to Boglaac 1 can confirm 69 much of that the difficulties of the French more apparent to the pablic mind, b. tuclined to give full credit for much that Le « wcorseity for mecting his armaments with wu mente 's more strongly impressed on the aationi! + than ever. The hearty spirts in which tho vorn ment sou will Wut iong, ava if you wait till you em od. eyetem is being earried out is extraordinary. N tain it by force, you wilt wait @tiil longer, ery on0 © One ecemMs to think the hours of driil, no matter what krows that the probabilities are strongly tu favor of tha the weaiher aud how gevore their private occu Minister. Betwixt the price of rent in Londoa and to atorden, and if they continue in the dame Paris, the difference is wearly 75 perceat. M Ycard’ @pirt', there will in no long time he an army ia ag!aad peroration + likely to bo forgotten am li h | whe will favorably compare with that of any Ig Btatec © punber of apartmoats ages iow | regular array ta kurope. Already it is observed to b 600 franca rv had augmented from $73 100 | tenting towards the breaking up of class interest; fo. to 139 000 1861, aod that the mo: of Var | tt is imposeibie tha! tradesmen aad geatiomen can Coa had deoreaced by 10 por ceal, M Picard re. | tinue to eel together dey after day witLou' their respec jwiced: “We are not upon the questions of etra- | tive good qualities obtridingon each other's notice. If this tegy or saludrity, but upon reaponsibility,” and | {sec in peace, inatime of r.! danger it would be im beirg called upon by M. Bitlauk t» prove bia meusely augmented, insinuations about “land epeculations,”’ be answered One ef the most fate! Lin frances to complots homo “What. dig you not interdict all proo?, tion? I have yerson beccmer poseeased of that wich belongs tocthers; Dut where are the laws you have made to prevent this misappiicath a—to prevent mén enriching themseives by epecwntion’ Where are they, Task?” ‘The @ orm eppears to have blown over which threaten Inte M Moquard, the Emperor's private secro- ve f know something of this affair. M Mo- vt himself br ex one of the speculators; but his a formerly eeerotary to his father, has of late public affairs in order to devote himself ex clusively to private afairé; in other words, ty» devote hia time to the Poarse Now he ta kaowa’ to be largely impticated in M. Mires’ business, and = for time it was thougut impossible to the apparest complicity of the futher; but Fecond thoughts are always best, and it seems now to be deciced thst a greater sandal would arise from the dis grace of ones) pear the person of the Emperor thaa from bis retaining bie office under a suspicion which is rcally of (00 general @ character to be particularly in- visious, The epeccher of Jules Favre, Olivier, Darimon, Picard, Henon und ohers have hid the effict of raising the question whetLer a dissolution of the Chamber will not coeur when the addresé has been voted. ‘The subjec has bern twice m-cted at one of the imperial councils with- cut wny deetsion having bees come to The Emperor, as vsna', is tore liberal than his ministers, and argues that the Acsembly, as at present organiza’, cannot staud ta the taco of the world. A reasonable majority ts all wo require, he said, not an overwhelming one. In- flammutory speeches will be none the more injurious that a few more turbulent spirits ar the Legislature to applaud them, ant we shall havo taken away a real cause of reproach. fhe anewer he fia received ia, that if ench was his Ma. jesty's opinion it would have been botter to have acted upon it before the meeting of the Chambers; but that now todo vo, under the effect of these late harangues, would almost look like aiding and abe:ting sedition. The Emperor is reported to have only smiled aud d he always thought the bold course the best. Bur what iv even more, interesting to the public at the repent moment ie the sifgulir circular of the Prefect of the Loiret in regard to Monseigneur Dupanloup, Bisuop of Ocicans. Jn a former letter I ventured to give you some facts connected with the parochial clergy of France. 1 specially mentioned the circumstance of certain hopes which existe) among a large portion of the forty thousand priesthood, referring to the power of having an clective episcopacy. It is said that the Fmperor bas deait this blow at the Bishop of Ouracs, by fer the most learned member of tho episcopa in the consciousness of his strength a ees : 7 ich 1 | Pith the nusros of the clergy; and from lotiers which ! | ing war undoubtedly existe, but each day produces events have before me from the provinces, T am iadnced to thick that this miesion of tho Prefect is looked upon es the beginning of a new order of things, It may suit some parties ®ho once talked 60 loudly of tne inscrata- bi ty ef the Emperor's mind now to taro round aad ex- claim avainst a sort of fatuous vacillation. For my pari Lhave vever even anything in the conduct of our Emps ror here but a steady onward march in the courze of the it pe of Prence—the revival of \be ompire of (uo Geographically , Gaul is a member of the grev body of which Italy and in are the two arms,” said Strano, and #0 believes, if he docs not say, the third Napoleon. Ch VIE, Louis Xf, Francis , Heary 1V., Richelieu, fazarin, Napoleon T’, as his prototype, Chariemagce, beve al! pureued a timilar object, ana the Finperer, by & more crafty policy and more cirsuitous route, is uly & ending to their footsteps. Ho hopes ere long to sco the Pope a French snbject, shorn of temporal henor, but wih a spiritnal influence unbounded. This we know was t s uncle's dream, aud it is the key note 0 all his prescot movements in regard to the ultramontaue epigcopste. ‘The ecore °! the Grand Opera on the 13th inst , when Wagner 8 “Tar nhauseer”” was performed for the first time in Paris, is vot yet forgottea. \ large party in the thea:re arsatled it frem the boginniog with marks of disapproba tion, and, after the ptrformance had continued fora short time, directed their look and voices towards the loge of Macame de Matternich, wile of the Austrian Ambassa tor. She wae, io fact, at length compelled to rite and quit the theatre [t ie sait thatthe Emporor was induced to ac copt M. Wagner's opera socly at the instigation of Mademe de setternich, and that £3,600 was expended on the geturg up of this ‘German work, to the neg! Leiter stuff erown nearer home. At the conclusion of the opera + storm of hisses arose, aud though she principsl a\_gers were allowed the ugaal compliment of presentins “remeclvea, M. Wagner's namo was never once mentioned. Tio Emperor and Empress were pro- ntutd bearciy jomed inthe iangh which was caused 2 {alte rots of ove of the vivlios, soun ting like the wailo’acet, inthe midst ofa lovg, heavy and weari- eum Panis, Mareh 29, 1861 Afiaire in Paris—The Papal Question—Napoleon's lalian Loli he Relatis Hetween France and Eng'and, fo. ‘The advert of Passion Week has stilled the late boister” ous weather in the political atmosphere, The threaten clouds disperse, ant the Emperor, as the waveasubeice, may begald, like the Neptune of the Eaeid, to guide the wheels of his clariot over waters whose agreeable undulations only serve to give a pleasing variety to his locomotion. The voice of tho cently enfranchised legislative bodies is, ia fact, silent, and the journals besten to hush those gentle murmurs which to whiszer siace the emancipation of the press appeare ouly a due exercise of their independence. Every tower and sieeple is busy tolling the knell of the world’e anxiety, and calling short lived man to prayer and self- | wbazemont. The churches are thronged to the stepa of the altar, Pious Oatholics are doubtless thinking of the ultimate destiny of Chriet’s Vicar, whose days of triba- Jation are only in their beginning, and the celebrated al- | jocution be has somt forth finds many sytapathizing readers. ‘The Pope is an institution, pot an judividual man, and hence the interest his present position acquires. But 1 confess I find vothing beside sympathy. He must go. ‘Temporal salvation ia denied him; he has livei to the fullness of time, his fall is. political necessity, and if not now, the fall will be only the more sigaal by delay. ‘The French troopa must come out of Rome. Such are the | expressions that meet the ear, A few journals, such as the Union and the Monde, can not find the French language sufficient for their purpose | when expressing their admiration of the Papal document ‘but these aro completely overborne by others whose far wider circulation Mdicates their more genera! ooncur- rence with publie opinion. The Presse loudly declares | an eurmy whom ty do not know. that the Popo is neither Catholic, Apostolic nor Roman. In the ninth tiane, and therefore it is not Catholic—i.¢, universal, Apostolic it cannot bo, or the Pope would re the conduct of Cardinal Antonelli and M. de Merode, And it is not Roman, since the Romans will not,on any “Tt is now,” it eays, “an obstacle to the definitive constitution of Italy, an embarrassment for diplomacy, 4 useloss ant pernicious institution, of which all interests, even the account, submit to the temporal papacy. most divergent, demand the suppression,’’ A general belief provails among well informed jeopte here that Count de Cavour would not havo provounced himeelf as he has done on the necessity to Sardinia of Rome without @ previous intimation from France respect- ing the evacuation. Despite the published contradiction in come English journals, I repeat it is still currently re- he Fronch government havo determiagd ported that the fe ry on making some change, though perhaps not a compi ono. general effect, both on France and sont discussions of the address. pay country that were fast dying out? Wi ie he eeods ot a fearful uprising agiinst the cause of "at as ‘and order the absence of which ten yeara ago was fo pearly annihilating France? The answer to {ven at once. Not ® syllable there inte: atorics if Hae bea utiered ih the Fogislature that ia not a! moun, in every town, oF The publication of it in its present authorita- remedy. Ae for the hane of lott intate, 4 if { ventured | to do 80 WOuld you HOt condemn me as guilty of defama- | ntury, itsaye, the church was the Greek church, separate from it, with 60,000,000, wheres, in the sixteenth, it lost a third of Europe, with 30,000,000 Chris- ndiate geneity 13 lers the occupacio Warring bis being of the individual, which, @ tailor or @ horse jobber, does no! t forgotten the law if you have See how | really stand in bis way, than /.vm de parler. The prope: the funds aye misapplied, how they are ttol-n, how 020 | employment of aspirants is limited entirely to the upper ead highly educated clasaes, Not oly all cockaey ism, but all through the midiand c unties, declare upen “their honor they like to eat ‘am, ‘orrings, aid elt at heago'’’ Chis is intolerable to civilize: ears, avd no amount of goed eense and mora! worth cau overcome the repugnance The individual thus speaking is considored a lazar house, his breath is consideroc isopo..#,and dread of infection haunts every one who the iarcibood to couverse with him = Nothing short of a Trojan war could get over this. However, this has nothing to do with the proposed determination to resist ecgreesion, come from whence it may ; and for such a purpote the English volunteers are proving a very form! dable bovy indeed. And while epeaking of things on the other aide of the ol in relation to Frauce, { may be permitted to state what I found was the geueral fevling with regard to the French treaty, Even when it wasasxed what good could come of an engagement when the country which coul: supply the million was estopped by a duty go bigh as to be all but prohibition, and on the same country was debarred by its peculiar taste fro consurcing the only great staple—that is. wine—of its part ber to the treaty. To all intents aud purposes the treaty az regards wine is a deadlotter, Take of the duty entirely, the mi'lion in England will have none of it, “It is of liltle use to argue that once there was a gene ral taste for French wines in Engtand and Scotiand There exists nothing of the kind now, and, in the general belief, never will again. Mr, Cobden aseerts that the emall farmers and tradespeople will delight to use it and pasa round the long necked bottle. My observations prove quite the contrary. Idid not see one of that class who did not pronounce every specimen of French wine they had yet tasted asso much ‘rot gut.’ But it isa fact which very much strengthens the argument that th climate of Engiand ts unauited to these wines for general consumption; that Englishmen who have passed the greater part of their lives ip France, and drunk nothing else but its wines, find, after passing a few days ora week in land, their deeire for them entirely give way in favor of the fino beers and wines of a warmer character. Paris, March 29, 1861. Affairs on the ContineM—A War Immineni—The Question Orient to Le Speedily Seted—Concert of Action betwen France and Russia—The Mires Afair—Affairs in Prance—Warlike Mancuvres—The American Crisis Alrocd—The Pope's ANlocution, de., fc. No one can foresee how ‘he present state of anxious suspense is to terminate. A genoral belief in an approach- Of such a contradictory nature, euch day so changes the political horizon, that at last all are bafiled. The fact is, @ war once commenced between any two European l'ow- ers must, from the very force of pregent circumstances, become almost a geacral one; ani thus a universal fear of the drend consequences is being eviuced. France is arming continually, 1 think sho is induced to do 90 from the fact that the question d’Orien! will very soo become as important a onc as that of Italy, Russia is driving to such a conclusion, and when tho downfall of Tarkey ar- rives Franco and Russia will act ia concert. That thie fact ig well known in England is certain, Tam assured on good authority the Court of St, James is making constan’ and energetic representations upon the subject to the government of the Emperor Napoleon. Lord Cowley b remonstrated urn the increasing ermed forces of France, until he murt be wearied of the whole affair. He get polite answers and aseurances 0° good will towards Eng- land; but still France imports thousands of cavalry horses, and eteadily angments her land forces, and, above all, her navy. What is all this for’ Why sbould France got revty for immediate action’ Not that she is determined to make war, but because the Emperor foresees that a struggle must soon begin, and he is getting ready to tako advan- tage of circumstances. This being realy to profit by whatcver event occurs is, no doubt, the cause of the Fm- peror’s great euccess up tothe present moment, You will notice that from the arrest of Mirée and the centequent action of the government, France now bas a right to collect the revenues of Syria. A sharp dodge that, avd as it only cost a few lives, euicides and the cownfall of a great speculator, why all right, I sup- pose, in the ostimation of those who think that the “end fies the means.”” Ap-opos of Mires, no one as yet can tell why he should be in prison. No charfe has been mavte against him, an os far as 1 can understand there is but the following lack of good faith to the bondholders of the Caisse de Chemin ve Fer to charge against him:—This is how Mircs managed. As gerant, or director of that company he used its funds to forward all speculations be thought geod. Did thoy succeed, the affair became his own; did they fail, the company stood the loss. Still, os he managed the funds go that great profits accrued to the company in other ways, I suppoze he thought it was all right. Now when about to launch a new affair Mires generally gave away large sums to persons whose emincnt positions enabled them to aid bis enterprise, and when making up bis qnar- terly accounts these pereous appeared debited, and then all was equare It waa the intention of the financier to pay up these different amounts somo day out of bis own | pocket, and thus balance all fx! The furkish lean, outof which be was to make such fabulous profits, would have enabled him to do this; but, alas’ for him, he was a'iiug Turkey to a fow more years of life, and Rasaia and Franco were Impatient for tne crash; so his ruin was decided. The eminent personages that stood indebted on his book bave, fam told, paid up—that is, the goverament bas done ro for them—and when at last acase is made on ‘inet Mires, he wil! be punished so a8 to keep him out harm's way, and none but the unimportant copnectes! | with him «iti suffer. Whotg fine thing justice is here. Pardon this digression from potitics, and we will recur to the French armament. | am acquainted with many of the French oMcers: have met them at Chalons at «il rent periods, and was familiar with many of them during | the Italian campaiga, baving been with the army during | that period of glory and sucoces for the o | Now, I find that ail the officers I of a high c w rank, seem persuaded at no distant wy will be engaged ag But it is | evident that by vome vdesus and for eomo purpore this iden j# kept alive wo the .rmy—wothing direct or cer. tain. but vague rumors ani preparationa, that the p ticea eye of the soldier knows mean mischief, At all of the government arsena’s “and navy yards an unprece, dented activity ie evinced, and improved methods of transporting large bodies of troops quickly being con- atantly studied. I by no means think or wish to imp'y that war ia cer- tein or just at band. Circumstances wilt determine that. The Emperor Napoleon wili not rashly or hast engage even the meanest or weakest foo; bo bides bis time; but when that time hae come he will strike with the rapidity of lightning The na. tions of In all fool thie, and a general dread jens but England remoustrates; ov! #he doen $9 in @ most subdued manner, and pute up, with & moat exemplary patience, with all the rebuils she get. Lobeerve that all the salons are pins J discussing es ‘ally, ra ae 1 ib r ted village and “pamot Tho interrai state of France must be ‘ar from satisfac- to its:uler. Opposition—and a bold one, too—i# lifting up @ head that waa thought to be lifeless, and Or leaniste and clericals are moving forward with determin- ed stridea, The lately granted Liberties are al! in their favor, and they havo taken such advantage of them as gives them a ous and increasing power. How much the kimperor must feel obyjgod to M. de Persigny— the liberal, tho inflexidle Minister—the mover in tbe granting to the English poople the privilege of entering France with merely their visiting cards! Ame ricans were of course unthought of M. de Per signy had not jost been residing in the United States for eight years or eo, or ole he might bave thought of reciprocity for the a8 Ae woll as John Bull. You must have noticed ere thie that in France, or rather with the government, the republi cans of our Northorn States aro not popatar. No, al! the sympothy is for the South. They may get reciprocity, but the North, never, No doubt the people of the North, the abolitionists, Mm cannot possibly aggravate the evil, and it may | ben evteniu, thought they were pura of the ardent #ym pathe of eons old Pnaland and elave hating Pranse, when MORNING EDITION -TUESDAY, APRIL 16, SSL—TRIPLE Sitmir. { PRICE TWO Otwrs, vu tho Stlaginges; bat wk aod plous Ente nton No ¢oubt thoy cc bail aw og of tha earch, end that fate Woerever he got she est I favorite baw. (hot ehingy there b , North will fad, | us thes Ingure Prats i prospertty, that her wert Was b skin deeg be Leadon wad farts prose wall Rave proved to youere sila Uist all the #s syparne i for the wad that wei tee oase Of war mee rial ait wan) ad tt his i8 no ered (ueir statements “4 bat rout tas the gvarnm: «tran ty the North tore plalo yor the tes you wil be Pope's fate ullocutia receive by y fla, You will notice Ot iv airpasa sia vile ced ng Papal elt resolve tak ra a) 2b ou at hie {ie Meck successor of Si. Peter, soeus ta A become rampant It is impowinio + Fecuch troops Will ret an at Roms are eay not even the aper toge are arming on yr French leave Ri Veneiia The dilemma i Navoiseu Lt In Russia the Emperor Aloxonier ig gaining ra she foyal good will ot his su ve fie Maj stituted @ e@pecial committes charged Organization, on genera! « rural and industrial class emancipated, ed Presitent of this coma dressed to him cn wg of brotherly affection’ alexsnder I, in aanoune\og to the Grand Duke that he charged him with this new work, @0 intimately connected with that which has just ‘been terminated, expresses his gratitade for the exactitude, celerity aud perfect concordance of views with which be contributed to bring the first toa satisfacttry conclusion Letters from St. Pe tersburg state that although the Russian authoritios had succeeded in preventing any manifestations of the publ joy being made in tbe streets, they e the'r taking place at the theatres, where the nacional Lymn of “God save the Czar!” was ung and several times encored, amidst the loudest acclamations of the au defence In the provinces the gratitute of Uae people was also expressed in the most lively tm It is rumored here that M. Kruest Bareche, Director of Foreign Commerce at the Ministry of Agriculture and rublic Works, is about to leave hare for the United States, on a mission connected with the administrative functions. It is said he fs particularly to look iato Southern atfairs It is now generaliy understood that the intended vo, age of the Kmprese Kngenie to Palectine has boen give up. Her Mejesty is et present fuily occupied in the m » strict observance of Lent, and is becoming, as her frieads think, too cevotion:!, tov much inclined to remain ia the pei absorbed in Fad thoughts, and iojuring her heal:h y the consequent went of exercise. The Emparor bas, po doubt, thought it best that her Majesty should ro: nounce her intended pilgrimage, as it would have con firmed her preeent disposition and increased the melan- choly that seized upon her at the date of the death of the Duchess D’Albe Tne Emperor rides out loss than usuat now, and I notice that he is escorted by more members of the secret police than was formerly the case. He looks fatigued and cireworn, and by no means ia as good heaith as he was a few weeks past. The Prince Imperial, now five years old, is growly rapidly. Ho is in excelieat health, abd is remarkably intelligent. 1 am told he has @ good memory, and is very apt, especia'ly in language— epesking at preseut English, French and German—the sat less fluently than either of the other languages, with which he is quite familiar, speaking with unusual correci- bess for one £0 young. sty hoa t No oae knows, sat, Tho Predinn y Mast auloes in (the Fiedinaatess) aa ist atiack 10 doudt a trouvies ome One for Our Berlin Correspondence. Baru, March 27, 1861. the Sch? wig-Holstein Question—Prospect of @ War—the Pelis® Insurrection—1he Promised Reforms, dc., @2. The six weeks’ delay granted by the German Diet to the King of Denmark for complying with their sum- mon# expires to-morrow. During this imterval the Danish government has eonvoked the Estates of Holstein and laid before them the draft of a new constitution, which, however, has failed to satisfy the obdurate As- sembly; and as the Diot, deviating in this single iastance {rem its invariable custom of siding with the govera ments against their subjects, bas declared beforehand that the execution decreed against Denmark ceuld only would mithorize Confedetatiwn, to march her frontier as soon as orders to are given by tho Diet. taken to morrow, if the Diet were sitting; but for the pre- sent its deliberations are suspended by the Exster holi daye, and they will not recommence till the 4th of nex month, whon the great question, or rather a little ques. tion, which, by the compiizations it may give rise to, has assumed the dimensions of @ great one, must be floally decided. There are still some hopes that the Cabinet of Berlin, who have taken the lead in this affair, aod without whos co-operation none of tne German governments can move, Fill listen to reason, and not persiat iv pushing matters to extremities. Whatever may have been the previous misconduct of Deumark in reference to her man provinces, it is evident that she is now willing to go any longils to conciliate them, and the rights che sctvally offers them are such ag are vot enjoyed even by thorze German Sates that boast of comparatively liberal institutions, let alone guch couo trice as Herre, Hanover and the two Meckieuburgs. Bus the fact is, thet no concessions made by the Danss to the people of Holstein would ever fully satisfy them, any more than they would reconcile the Italians and Hongariave to the rule of Austria, the lonians to that of England, the Christian rayahs to the sway of the Turks, or the Polet to the domination of Russia and I’russia. In all these cage it is not 60 much the sufferings caused by misgovernment as the antipathy of race and the feeling of nationa’ity that excite the people against their rulers; and of the Holsteinere especially it may be said that the wrongs they have tocompiain of ere as nothing when compared to those .ofieted op other German popu- lations by their native sovere and submitted to with hardly a murmur, and certainly without either the Dict or Prussia ever dreaming of armed intervoa tion in their favor. The remarkable events that are now enacting at War saw appear to have encouraged the Prussian Poles to com- menee a system of peaceful agitation similar to that which is being followed up with #2 much euccses by their Rus#.an brethrep. In the Second Coamber two re solutions have been proposed by Polish deputies: une cail- upon government (0 carry out the stipulations of the ty of V.epna, according wo which the territocy for Prussia, as delegate of that tr werly included within the Kingdom of Poland, though i vided among three Powers, should continue in pases on of it# national and political nts; and tho se cond, protest Ug agnlust the Germauizirg tendencies parstied by the Prussian authorities an! demeading the repeal of all logisistive aod olministrative rogniations curtailing the ure of the Polish languace oF substitating It is nob very probad.e, to be of the House Depoties will lead petit y iocensed at the Denes for attempt no German language aud netionality in ig, but fad it quite righ aod proper for t >the same thing in Pomerania, If you mtradictivn, they will tell you mane to to expinin this German ia ene gute yrache—« bighly polishe | and cuiti« vated lapgunge—the languuge oF Goethe, jer, Hegel, and a handrel other pete jlosophert—whercaa the Polish is a barbarous Imgo which nobody else cao underetend, nnd which the Poles themselves would do well to forge, as soon ws posal! thers is @ hereditary aver and the Siavonic, which is written in biood on aiapy a page of history; th German looks down on the Siavonian us an inferior the latter retalat th fee's ga of bitter resentment. Ihave no doubt, efore, that wt Chambere meet after the vacations, the Polith will be thrown ont by an overwhelming majoc'ty poring they are allowed W be discuss, which ie ssill roblematical, M. de V.ncke having dectared ths {irst to an attack upon the integriiy of the Pru but thie Parliamentry guecess will not relieve cove: ment from the perplexities they are ingolyed in by the spirit now manifesting itvelf in Poland. If the Caur had done what was expected of him, if he had put down the sgitation with « bigu hand and bom- barded Warraw into submission, the porition of Prnssia would be greatly simpiiiied, as whatever steps she might take tocrush the malcontent party in her own lolish inces, they would appear mili in comparison with tne proceed ings of bergneighbor; but it seems the Mug- covites have grown wise by oxperience, and are not in- clined to expose themeelres once more to the odium they incurred by their behaviour in 183t. If gigantic Russia bows to public opinion, bow can Prussia venture to reais it? And yet the political sta/us of this country is far mo: seriously threatened by the resurrection of @ Polint rationality than that of Russia With = the prospect of main apiting the disjerta membra of thei ancient kingdom into one great who, tie Toles might haps consent to have thie reunion take piace under the sceptre of the Russian Emperor, oro a member of his family, in oither cage the power of Ra s\2 would rather be increared than weakeved, and some por sors who profere to see further into a millstone tan others suspect her strongly cf favoring such an arra ¢ ment, Proegia, on the contrary, would be reduced by (a joes of her Polish provinces (Romania and Weet Pr ieia to the rark of a State of the second or third order Not only would her territory be diminiehed by one (fth ait tre pomber of her mbjecte by more than twa m'iity + sion between th fup sinaated, dlvcvaaton high baa recsutly takeg { Cricnsiste aut ultramengpinis, tiey are yDly bagelged | Wuey Urged ou Lew Win Lave uv sup Quitud OUF Meat @ VoL sine woud bE YePriVed of Yhy May igAtiva Of tas V4. i ) her coming to an understanding with the taf tes, a strict interpretation of federal law the troops across the effect Such @ resolution might be fola ent of agroat parta f be extremity of her dominigea wool! be cut tho weat, hor etracegieal deter es w au aad hostie two Cay’ march of Ber Vowel question is a wattle: of coud be more unwelnome Ww Bo erttical of from Ld» turne: stonce. Ab aur ly besa b remuck seu t vloudly that te bros Of deftaace with Ke claaor The Kiug's birthday was kepto time pines lis access be, aS Was late King. The event of t 0 sor Boeckh, at the University od with coasiderabl ave the ruling Powers mo whien they would do weil to pond: larly happy in his ailusion to that ¢ lureaueraties“ a barbarous word institu Aric! the ecle Burviving partac of Anhait & Waguer, diet bore latel He was a great connoisseur and co! ctor of paintings chiefly of mod ts, aad owned ous of the finest picture galleries ia F 0: his will it was found that he had left his yotuable coi'ec tion, which ho etetes to have coe! him upwards of 100,000 thalors, as a legacy to the King, the only consition attached to it os the testator being that a building should be eroste for the purpose of exhibiting the pictures to th public, for painters, evgravers ud cther urtiets t by the Btucy. So magaidcent a bequest has nove been made by a private individual in tins coun It reminds one of Lis princely donutions of Stophe’ Girard and Smithsou, from which it only differs by bow of smaller amount, aad by 6 Waguer's having lef family who, though possvesed of ample moans, nay pos Bibly feel pore at being deprive of Bo consi {erable a por tion of their inheritance, by the patriotisin, or genorosity or vanity of their parent Our Messina Correspondence. Mossy, March 9, 1861 4 Retrospect of Ttalian Afiairs—Messina in 1860 anc (861— The Late Siege—Acadent on Board the Unilet Stix ate Richmond—Dearh of a Bostonim, & Hane arcem ad aeternum Messtnensium rebellorum east gium conetruxit.—ferolue WL Thus reada wn ivseription on tho innor door of the cita del of Messing, and teuly it has hi Dalways been the terror and chastisement of the people whenever they tried to oppose the tyranny of tho Spauiards and Bourbons, In 1848 the city was nearly destroyed by th citadel, and now it is the only stronguold left to Bourbons of all their proud kingdom of the two 3 ‘To understand the exact poaition of the citartel it is x cessary to go back to July, 1560. Tue day after Garivald had won the battle of Melazzo,a convention was catered into between the Gariballian Major General Medici oud General Clary, Neapolitan Governor of the province 0° Messina, by which it was ogrved that the Neapolitan troops should be withdrawn from stessina aad from forts Gou- zaga and Custelliano, on the heights behiad the town; the arms, ammunition, &c., in the afore said forts to be sent to the citadel. The troops of Garibaldi to enter the town. The port to be free both to the Neapolitans and Garibaldians. Thy town bhali be obliged to furnish to the citadel (on pay ment) provisions, Kc. The citadel eball not dre apy thy town unless attacked frou thence, and then oaly upon such points from which the attock proceeds. ‘This convention was afterwares «outirmed by Marshes Fergola, commandant of the citadel, and General lorie! Governor of Messiva. Tmmeatately upon this followed Garibuidi’s brill campaign in Calabria, the taking of Naples, the Plobise and the flight of the royal fomily w all thie time—that ig, up to January, Ly matters re mained in sta/u quo at Messina; and whenever thor a scarcity of provisions at the citadel « thrpat to iev upon the town immediately brought forth an abuntone supply. The citizens of Messina wore unwillmg to en age in hostilities during the orange veason, whon new 'y 2 hundred vessels were in port receiving tacie cargoes, Tod it would heve been a gre? pity if the vreator part of Su rope and America had pecn deprived of oranges during the spring and summer. Both parties were wuxi sus lookiog forward to thy result of the itions before Gaeta, the Messiniuna fondly believing that upoa he fall of Gaeta the citudel would 6 Occwsion lly a French steamer would arrive, ig Wil AML CoM"O:t to the citadel in the shepe of mo few uficere would desert from t Marehal Fergola expected soon t Of 20,000 Russians At length, on th Mersina was electri! that Gacta lad dows, bells were rung, t: D rerounded in the strecta, 9 joy. ‘One of the conditions of the capitulation that the garrigon #hou!d remwutu priss encor; t OF a ond state that recelve a reialore ment Lt h of Febraary with the new vd from win everybody W at Gaeta » rs of war up’ jer, inform Gaeta. To this Marsbal Fergola rep! ed the citadel entirely independ know to defeud himeelf f this refuenl being made known to View piel, @and laud forces that had oporatet ugaioel Gar ordered to Messiva, ant Admia Cialdin, scon made the: s for howtililies began, » 28th of February a Sardio i barked a regiment of Immediately Marshal Forgola « entered eri (¢ meh) different foreign coneuls that be wirhed the port cleared a8 be intended to commence frit twenty four hours, The American, Enz Consuls immediately went on vexed t steamer Richmond and r & consuitati at which Flag Officer Bell ant Admiral Pore assirted, ond it was resolved to cend to Ferguia an preva’! upon him net to fire againet the towa. Wh were courteously received, and sod 02 ok VM Was appoint 1%, when perhap 1. At the sam be amicably adjue clear the port wae sent fo the Com of war,aletter was aley wri Cialdini, to the effect that if the and materials was not direootie fee! obliged to fire, not aione upon the ve ing and the fortifi tations, bot also upya th General Cialdin} replied as follows that not.ce to © your condn f 1 t to you and your rrieon ny terme at You mat surrender at d 3. That if you fire upon the eity 1 sbuit 6 tak the citadel, caive asm Moers nnd sidiers of the ga ' to ae ehall eyusl the numer of citizens who ma Pave failen by your fire. 4 ‘that your te, and thore of your olfisers, whali le confisented, to con he enizems for damages rece. ve 5 (and lastiy), Abandon you aud your Foldicre \y the pupulace of M. @ letter could only have bee written by © man uncer great excitement, and must have beoa regre aw woon as vert, It natural cod : Accordingly, on the m the Consuls, accompanied by two ciliver mond, went t> the citadel, they found de Martivo in command, who showed ther 5 of the tet whether it were worth whilo t it tistions with such @ man, However, a proposition was mace by the Neapolitans that a mixed deputation, c sisting Of Sardinian and Nea should prover! (0 Rome and unmit the whole matter to raves I With this proposition the Ameriwan end agi? ule the First Cieutenant of the Rchmond aad h who all showed gecat zeal in the cause of bumanity, weut to Cialdin!, who repiied to them: — “Gentiemen, my King has sent me here to tke tue el, and not to wend deputations, beeides, thie ie a er cutirely between italiana egotiations were at an end, and the harbor in after presented a buey appearance, merchant nations and sizos were busily engaged in tow ing out of the harbor. The Solon, a Frencu mau-of war steamed away at three o'clock I’. M. The Unived Sta es wteamer Richmond and the Poglieh frigate Terrible re. Mained quietly at anchor, while (heir boats were busily engoged in assisting the mercbanimen. At five o'clock P.M. precisely few shote were fired from the bastion Dow Blasco, which did oo harm, aud ‘were not replied to. A few days after this a N alongside the American and Englisl eated them to leave tho port, as the Nespolitan gol- dier® were no exasperated it they might at any time fire into the city, The mon-of-war complied with this request, and went ont of the line of fire; thi# was fire Hitan boat went men of-war, and days since; put as yet no firing has taken place. Mean- ile Claldini ie busy erecting works and tine bat- teries, and the battle will abi: tava week : Tho works in possession of the \ citadel mounting - f ‘which are some tans consist of & wards of three hundred guns, amoog ixhans: the Lanterna, fourteen ginr."0 casemate; the Salvadore. at the entrance of the harbor, filly guns, and the Bastion Don Blasco, ten guns, in all some four hundred pieces. Against this the Sardiniaus bring to dear a mortar bat tery of twelve ten inch mortars at a ‘istance of a quarter of Amile a battery of oight sixtoe! Pounders, riil>l gone; two heavy batteries of twelve pader win, ven Filed, and two batterian of twonty f od ried gannom, You mast underavand that gli (dosa battori gs was } ow | cumatance | decision which characterize the Grand | consideration®, the mildaces of the !imporor rr the Epperer, os 4h M8 1 Bive Ferg ta eo pratoxt bo wa aa fleet mimbers are caat of bb arddir sail, with bout wo 22 Of about 3,000 men 1 fore) of 1,009 n a stat 2 steamer Susquebanna arrtzet bars having carried the Amur: the men wore wn Copsatl yaets, aril yard cnt the yard came dowa by tae » wore tijuret. fohm Soaton, died of 4, MMUsiClAa, was and wus siruck by Fitzgorat Joseph Hemmings, seaman, the ara, uited Staies stanmer Bus ty re @ & Dost was discovered with : of the Eagt at I 4, and bat for the ‘ a) of the Buaqnehenna’s boat, all hands would kb As it was Captain Hollis eacceedea tm. eaving nue of the poor Musewa, March 28, 186% 58 Of Free Government in Maly—State of Partie Poputari'y of Garibaldi, &:., €e. it sa certainty that people require to be educated te freecom, end that free institutions wili only succeed among & people accustomed to labor. Where the necea- earces of life can be obtained without much toll, and vw bore the climute is eof) and enervating, there freedons {s looked upon ag an exoneration from toil, and the divine commatd of “in the eweat of thy brow ehalt thou eat thy Catly bread’? ts forgotton We have seen this same thing exemplifled in our owe Sovthern States. ‘Tbere, where God has so abundantly provided, man is Always restless and dissatisfied, and people geek in foreign wars and filibustering that excite. ment which is wenting to allay their restlessness, And w ben these outlets fail they create anarchy and distur- Dance at hom Sicily itis the same. One would think that they ought now to be satisiied who inten months haye thrown cil the yehe of the Bourbons, and have become members fa corstitationa! menarchy, under a chief who bas hown by bis governmeot of the kingdom of Sardinis thet pcopie at heart, » has the welfare of his ut it if not Fo of the cits ely bad the rejolcings over the when news arrived of an out- r ws found oecessary to send the y-fifth regiment thore to queil disturbances, uquiring into the ciccumstances | learned the following: — There are at preseat three parties: ‘icily. Oae com- p sed of the order loving and industrious, whe are nktol for what has been achieved, and are frm adhe- rents to and supporters of the governmeat of Victor Kranvel The second party 19 composed of those whe were oflicors and sel iiers under Garibaldi, and who think ‘hat their claims have bees negiected by the present. vernment. To this party aleo belong those who have nothing to love, and to whom every change promises at i excitement if not gam The third aod most dan- is compose! of those who held fat offices der We Bourbon government, and who are led on b: the priesis. These at pregeut make common cause wit the dissat Garibaulini, aud try to overthrow the cotablighed rule, Ail opposition is conducted under the name of Gart- Valdi, ond in Palermo, which has always been noted for ise turbulence, the Garipaidini and church party are ex- ceedirgly numercus. ple assembled in the streets, “We watt @ republiol® idi for our King!" “We do pot want to ‘iedwont! ome even cried, “Loog mi)" “Jiown with the Savoy crosst” ensued, and seventeea persoas were A gene killed jo the streets. The latest + ‘ographic dé apatches state that things are more tranquil, but it is beliewed that serous distarbances will iake piace whea the cons oription commences. Great dieeatisfection also prevails in Messina, and numbers of rod thirts appear in the s’rcets, The red shirt here is @ He ‘epublican—a party which, like our black re- disguises a desire for plunder under the high yet and phianthropy. [ em manuel § Sicilian subjects will prove we indeed «1 Slates ship Ki Lmond ts still at this port. 1equehanna eailed from here on tae 20th for Naples, Spezzia, Genca and Marseilles The Irequow ts expected bere about the 6th of April. Tlearn that the Richmond will go trom this place to foulen, Our St. Petcraburg Corresponde: Sr. Perersuere, March 18, 1861. Fimnencipelion of the Sefe—Provtions of the Lavi— Publis Sewliment Concerwsing the Law~ Af'sirs in Poland, de. Yesterday (he anxiously expected and often delayed uauifeste p-oclaiming the emancipation of the serfs wag lished, aod tiis great measare,which has becn so long wvked forward to with mingled feelings of hope and fear vill now become an accomplished fact. The manifesta bears date of the 34 inet., (February 19, 0. 8.,) showing that the Finperor tad really signed it,as it was always thought he would, onthe anniversary of hie accession ta the throne, although the publication bas been deferred after the maslonitca, or carnival, in order to take i place duri the more sober and reflective eason of Lent The’ provisions of the oew iaw coincide almcst exactly with the programme of December, 1557, when the principles of the proposea epiranchieeu nt were firet laid down, and of which & Love given ample details in the course of my corres- poncence, Hartly any of the amendments suggcsted by the reuctioonry party have been accepted. It was confidently stated that, on tae motion of I'rince Gagarin, the Coryplirus of the anti emancipation|sts, the amount 0” Jand conceded to cach male peasant had been reduced to one fourth of U wiginally intended; bat this tarns out ‘0 Le erroneous, the allotment of eight deratines per berd, besides tho vosadea, or hemesivad, remains um tailed, #ubjcet enly to a ground reut, which isto vary according to ‘he quality of the soil and the value of land in the #¢ distriel#, but must on ne account exceed tweive robles per annum. The whole arrangements con- nected with (ho emaveipation law are to be carried inte execution vucer the supersntendence of @ special com- mittee, within the epace of two years, a period of transi- tion during whici the nt8 bave \o perform the corvee and other duties in the same manuer a8 bLeretofore, until the div'siou of land between them and the seigneurs is effected, the ‘ctuining their proprietory rights, which may be commuted by mwitual agreement, The pero! of trang.tion is the great dificulty which has always been dreaded eyon more than the emancipation iteelf, aca which may still give rive to serious embarrasa- mente, It stands to reason that in an immense empire ike thie, a measure involving # complete social revolu- fatter tion cannot peesibly be carried into effect in a sin~ glo day without upsetting the whole establish. order of things and plupging the countey mirchy: iodeed, the details connected with it are cf ) complicated a nature, that to give time for settling nto m the preparatory jnterval was originally fixed at ve years, and \f will be almos! a miracle if a tack 50 " complished in two, But it is clear, never- thelees, that during this tine beth Iacdholders and pea- sanis will (nd themselves la a alee position. The latter, who now cous! Jer tuemmelves free meo, will taturally be pg perform th es to which they wu their st ‘ and endeavor ta them (> a minimum aps refuse thone +. while the former, being ®o longer personally i in tre well be ny of the peasants, will rather ple. to get a® much out of them as they can ding to the bi { upoo them, which they wil be nd eto do the nore easily, a8 in most casem (Le Ob igat.ous Of the seri# are regulated by verbal agree tmnt, snd pot by written stipulate, Heace will arise igpuies acd hearth urpings tanumeravle: the nobles will complin of [be peasaote, ond the peasants of the nobles; och parts will appeal (o the citicees of the goverament and courts of law, whose interference will only mike things worse, aud Lotwithsianding the goot nature aud place bility that distinguieh the Ruaelan people (except wuder the iofluence of vr it ia not to be oxpected that Al) thie shoud pass over without svencs of violence and confusion. If we get quietly through this jaterval, everything may smoothly enoug’ i kocioty will gradually settle jown in ii# Dew form and grow accustomed to the wew conditions under which it exists; but unel then the whole fale manumigsion of twenty ¢id million soula renting a grand but perilous experiment, the success of which is #till probiematien!, ana can only be attained by great ¢ apection on the prrt of government and great f Dearance on that of the people Once undertaken, b ever it must be proceeded with at all risks: for if succomm, ie diificult, failare would be ruin. It is a fortunate cir~ that the special cominittee appointed to carry out the emancipation act is prosided over by Grand Duke Constantine, avd that U'rinee Gagarin, who has displayed wonderful powers of obatructiveness, is not amongst its members, Wo say hope in consequence that the nocos- sary measures will be taken with the og aul ike, and whicte were never more needed than at the present moment. The events in Poland have happene! very mad apropot. and rerve to complicate a situation which is alrowiy sulti- ciently omharrarring. Some of our old Muscorites ore for adopting the severest moasures to put down the spirit of insurrection in that kingdom, but, apart from polisicat disposition. revolts from such extremitics, and if the Poles contne their demands within the bounds of reagoa, no con~ coscions will be od to satisfy thom. Their petition GB wee Soryardon Wy Gh Peverabes 5