The New York Herald Newspaper, March 10, 1861, Page 4

— 4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDIIOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. gent by mail will be at the the contele None be Silt current tm New York risk of the sender, Bone but THE too conte 87 per annum. THE ¥ Hi every at wise conte Rp i seapeoe ona pert adres d ‘ or Sb eo ong pa Ks both to include wo postage; the ype ih and eof "eack monty at ae Tite FAMILY HERALD, om Wednesday, at four cents per 0 SON PET CORRESPONDENCE, containing important ete patd or.” nae Obn Poumon, Couns Oy ip pat for, Y DENTS Ane Parrtutautt Hxguterey ro Brat. aut ‘AND Pack: “TO NOTICE taken of anonymous correnpondencs. We do nt return comm ADVERTISEMENTS renewed every day; advertisements in- serted in the Wewxty Hemarp, Famity Henauv, and inthe JOB PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness and de- epateh. AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Brosdway.—Ricaetiev. INTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street,— Love Suonunices Manin Baki. WALLACK'S THEATRE, Brosdway.—A Botn Srroxe ror 4 Hossann. LAQRA KBENE'S THEATRE, No, 6% Brosdway.— Sed sisrans. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Coce or tux Wane Lonny Ticemt Simos JERminass UNION THEATRE, Chatham street.—Taw Niours 1x 4 Bazzoom—Magtua WIittis—Pat Roongr's BuunpEss. BARNUM’ IOAN MUSEUM, Brosdway.—! Pe a eed ‘Cuniosrrixs. ANTS! Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad. way _Bunuzagons, Gomes Dances, A0-—Distas LAND, JANTERBURY MUSIC HALL 663 Broad nore Songs, Daxoxs, Burtesquas, &0.—Dixizs MBELODEON, No. 639 Broadway.—Sonas, Dances, Bur- amsques, 40. .—TiGET re MELODEON HALL, Cleveland. —Uxswoxtu's Munsters etuxLs in Bratorian Sones, Dances, £0. New York, Sunday, March 10, 1861. MAILS FOR THE PACIFIC, Sew York Herald—California Edition. The steamship Northern Light, Capt. Tinklepaugh, will loave this port to-morrow, at noon, for Aspinwall. ‘Tho mails for California and other parts of the Pacific will close at ten o'clock to-morrow morning. The New Youk Waxxry Henatp—California edition— containing the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, with a large quantity of local and miscellaneous matter, will be published at half-past cight o’clock in the morning. Single copies, !n wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents. Agents will pleaso soad in their orders as early as pos- sible. The News. The government have received despatches from San Antonio and Fort Brown, Texas. Col. Waite, the commander of the United States forces in Texas, had endeavored to reorganize the troops, but found it impossible to do so, owing to their complete demoralization through the conduct of Gen. Twiggs. The troops were in a destitute con- dition, havihg scarcely supplies sufficient to enable them to reach the coast. Capt. Hill, the com- mander at Fort Brown, was in expectation of a collision between his command and the State au- thorities. Our correspondents at Washington state that some of the appointments for New York city have been decided upon. Hiram Barney is to be Col- lector; Wakeman, Surveyor; Webb, Naval Officer; Hoxie, Postmaster; and Nye, Marshal, probably. The other appointments have not been settled. The steamship Empire City, bound for Texas, with troops and ordnance stores, anchored at Quarantine last night. Four days later news from Europe, brought by the Prince Albert, which arrived at St. Johns, N. F., yesterday morning, is published in another column. The advices are tothe evening of the 26th ult., but they contain little intelligence of interest. No material change had occurred in financial affairs. An advance of one-eighth to three-sixteenths of a penny per pound in cotton is reported, with a firm market. Breadstuffs and provisions continued dull. The Prince Albert brings no intelligence of the Cunard steamer Aus- tralasian, which left Liverpool on the 16th and Queenstown on the following day. The steamship Niagara, from Liverpool and Queenstown 2th ult., arrived at Halifax yester- day afternoon. The steamship Quaker City, from Havana 5th inst., arrived at this port last evening. The United States steamers Pocahontas and Powhatan were at Havana, taking in coal—the former to leave for Norfolk on the 5th, and the latter for New York on the 7thinst. Great preparations were being made for the reception of Prince Alfred of England. The sugar market had revived ander a demand by speculators, while the regular quotations remained unchanged. The stock on hand at Havana and Matanzas amounted to 190,000 boxes and 153,000 hhds., against 115,000 boxes and 3,500 hhds. same time last year. During the last week, 23,500 boxes and 19,206 hhds. had been shipped, three-eighths of which were for the United States. Freights were very active, at improved rates; to New York, $7 per bhd. Exchange on New York was quoted at par to 2% premium. The health of Cuba was good, and the weather excellent. The overland express arrived at Fort Kearny yesterday, with advices from San Francisco to the afternoon of the 23d ult. On the day previous a large and enthusiastic Union meeting was held at San Francisco. Business was generally suspend- ed, and the celebration was in many respects equal to the Fourth of July. The resolutions were of the most patriotic character. The St. Louis sailed from San Francisco for Panama on the 21st, with $994,000 in treasure, $815,000 of which was ‘consigned to New York. A fair amount of trade ‘was going on at San I'rancisco, but at reduced prices. Several subjects of local interest were brought before the Legislature yesterday. Among the bills reparted upon favorably in the Senate was the one to exempt the Academy of Music from tax- ation, and the New York health bill. The bill authorizing the procurement of suitable rooms for ahe New York Courts was passed. A mo- tion to recommit the bill reducing the rates of fare on the city railroads was lost. In the Assembly a bill was reported crea- ting a board of three licensing engineers, to be appointed by the Governor, to examine and license all engineers; no one to be allowed to act ‘as engincer without a certificate. The bill to in- corporate the Bellevue Hospital of New York was ordered to a third reading. The bill to amend the Central Park act was reported favorably. The bill to regulate the sale of fruit in the city of New York was reported adversely, and the report ed to. The House then resumed the conside- ration of the Annual Supply bill, as the special order. Messrs. Howland & Aspinwall, agents of the Galway line, contradict the report that the steam. ehip Adriatic has been chartered to take the place of the missing Cunard steamer Australasian. The Adriatic is only detained for the purpose of taking the mails which should go forward by that vessel, and she will not go to Liverpool. In another column will be found a table showing the number of visters to the skating pond of the Central Park dering the seasons 1859-60 and 1800-61, It will pr interesting to our skating readers, aa it showa @ marked improvement in the love of the sport, the former season of thirty- seven days having but 482,600 visiters, while the latter of only twenty-six days had 1,085,700. The Hon. John Cochrane was last evening sere- naded at his residence by Dodworth’s brass band, at the instance of a large number of his political friends. The object of the serenade was to wel- come him on his return home from his Con- gressional duties, and was intended to show forth the satisfaction his conduct has given them during the four years he had been a member of Congress, and from which duties he was now about to retire. In another column we publish an account of the twenty-sixth day’s proceedings ef the Southern Congress, embracing a report of the special com- mittee appointed to devise a flag for the new republic, together with a correct representation of the flag selected by the committee and aubse- quently adopted by the Congress. The design is striking, and the flag has the merit of originality as well as durability. ‘The upper and lower sec- tions, composing the “fly” part, are red, the middle section white, while a blue union, con- taining seven stars in a circle, reaches from the top to the lower red. This flag possesses an heraldic significance probably not comprehended by the uninitiated. The blue union signifies firm- ness, constancy, faithfulness; the white, purity and peace; and red is emblematic of war. With the seven stars in the blue, this flag can be read as follows:—Blue—Seven States have entered into a covenant of Good Faith. White—To promote the general welfare in time of Peace. Red—To pro- vide a common defence in times of war. To assist the reader to interpret the flag more fully, we would state that in engraving heraldic devices it is ruleable to make the portions delineating blue in horizontal lines, and red in perpendicular ones. Owing to the storm which prevailed yesterday, the steamer Connecticut, of the Norwich and Worcester line, did not leave at her usual ‘hour on Saturday. She will leave this afternoen at six o'clock from pier No. 2, North river. The Italian Opera Troupe which performed yesterday evening at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, will proceed to Boston by this steamer, so as to open in Boston on Monday. At the trial of detective Williamson, who was charged with improper conduct by Superintendent Kennedy yesterday before the Police Commission- ers, interesting developements were made by the defendant in reference to the rumor of a plot to as- sassinate Mr. Lincoln on his way to Washington. See our report in another part of to-days paper. ‘The business of Saturday was quite light generally ia the absence of the Englich mails, and in consequence of the heavy rain storm throughout the day. The favor able news by the Prince Albert encouraged holders of cotton, and rather more firmness was apparent ia the market; but the actual sales were limited to 1,000 bales, on a basis of 11%c. a 11%. for middling upland. Though prices of flour were reduced 6c., the inquiry was epiritiess. A fair amount of wheat changed hands, partly for shipment to France, and prices were quoted about the same a3 on Friday. Corn was steady, but quiet, Very few purchases of provisions wore made, and oils and naval stores wore also inactive. Some 3,700 bags Rio coffee were sold at auction. About 1,250 bhds. of all kinds of sugars found buyers at previ ous figures. Whiskey was heavy. Freights wore quiet, with a small supply of vessels and a high tariff of rates. The New Engiand Elections and Their Effect. The New Hampshire election comes off on Tuesday next, the 12th inst. at which members of Congress for that State are to be chosen. The elections in Connecticut and Rhode Island follow early next month, and it is not too much to say that these are the most important elections which have ever occurred since the Revolution of 76, because they are to decide whether the Union is to be preserved or whether it is to be broken up. The repub- lican administration is doing nothing to save the country from ruin. As far as its action goes it must be considered to represent a party of disunion—a party arrayed against the per- petuity of the republic, and not in favor of it, and there is, therefore, nothing to hope for but in its defeat. i The result of the New England elections may do much to secure this object. It is nota mere party question which is to be decided; it is a question of life or death to the Union, and the issue is with the people. Yet the people in New England do not seem to be prepared for the struggle; they are only just waking up to the importance of the duty which devolves upon them, but the politicians are all alive and active. John Covode, of Pennsyl- vania, and other republican agitators, are stumping New Hampshire for their ticket, and they will leave nothing undone be- tween this and Tuesday to divert the popu- lar mind from the true issue, and bind it with the fetters of party allegiance. The success of @ faction will be placed above the safety of the country; but we caution the voters of New Hampshire, Connecticut and Rhode Island to remember that they have to decide between the permanency and prosperity of the country or its utter ruin. The New England elections, and those which are to follow in the other Northern States within the next twelve months, will settle the question whether the border States are to be driven out of the Union and the republic go to ruin or not; but if the peo- ple can be made to realize their power and to recognise their duty, the republican party, whose whole course of action seems tending to break up the confederacy, will be utterly routed and smashed up in that tame. 1t is evident that nothing of a pacificatory cha- racter is to be expected from the republican ad- ministration or the repablican politicians; the only hope for the country, then, lies in the de- feat of the party, and the voters of New Eng- land, where a remarkable reaction has already taken place, may strike the first blow. 4. Tur Sroms Aproap.—Signor Jenkins Ray- mond, who has already made himself famous by his geographical discoveries in and about the quadrilateral and the elbows of the Mincio, and whose celebrated reconnoissance of the field of Solferino is familiar to our readers, latterly electrified the country with the details of a plot against the life of President Lincoln, who was only spared by the direct interposition of Di- vine Providence, Fouché Kennedy, a Scotch cap and a military cloak. Without giving us sufficient breathing time between our sensa- tions, Signor Raymond is down upon still another conspiracy. He has found out that there is a plot among the German republica who are both black and red, to revolutioal: Europe by securing the appointment of Karl Schurz, a sort of prairie and lager Wier Demos- thenes, as Minister to Sardinia. Schurz, it appears, had the misfortune to be born in Prussia, whence he immigrated, being moved 80 to do by sundry weighty reasons, a few years ago. Te was one of a party who found it impossible to establish a republican form of government {n their own country, although ia the Frankfort Diet they had the very best op- portunity to do so, and therefore came over hore and got naturalized (we preeume that most of them are naturalized) (o arsist the abolitionists in breaking up ovr Union. It is generally NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MARCH 10, 1861. acknowledged that Schurz ani his confréres, by turning the German vote over to the repub- licans, elected Lincola. The heavy majorities in the Western and Central States were, un- doubtedly, owing to Germans, who had im- bibed the doctrines of the Massachusetts school with an infusion of sans-culotteism, agrarian- ism and red republicanism. So, it is only fair, as Schurz & Co. elected Lincoln, making countless speeches in German and English, and bearing the burthem and the heat of the day, that they should have some reward. Certainly we don’t want Schurz here any longer. He has done his work, such as it is; so let him go in peace to Sardinia or Salt river, or any other agreeable place that the government has at hand. Perhaps Schurz de- sires to go to Italy, in order to affiliate with his red and black republican friend Joseph Maz- zini, and give him State dinners a la George San- ders to Ledru Rollin and Victor Hugo. Well, never mind, he cannot do any harm, and will bother Seward’s life out until he gets some- thing. Therefore we are surprised to find the Premier’s hand ongan opposing the removal of the Germans to some distant clime. Bless them, let them go! The Surrender of the Mosquito Shore— British Policy in Central Amorica. We publish elsewhere the ratified conven- tion between Great Britain and Nicaragua, dis- posing finally of the vexed “Mosquito ques- tion.” This is the last of the series of acts, initiated by Great Britain in 1856, for un- ravelling the tangled web of sits Central American relations, and it effects practically all that the United States insisted on when it took up the cause of the feeble republics of that important portion of the continent in 1849. By a convention with Guatemala, bearing date of 1859, Great Britain converted her qualified rights in Belize or British Honduras into a title of absolute sovereignty, and secured an ex- panse of territory of at least 12,000 square miles, embracing the entire coast fronting on the Bay of Honduras, from the Bay of Ascen- sion southward to that of Amatique. This is a territory rich in precious woods and affording many facilities for the cultivation of tropical staples. Now that it has a fixed political status, and titles to lands may be made secure, the colony of Belize must rise into speedy im- portance and value to the crown. But this positive gain to Great Britain has only been secured by the sacrifice of a good many pretensions, haughtily made and arrogantly insisted on. By conventions bearing date November 28, 1859, not only did she surrender her established colony of the Bay Islands to Honduras, but she also gave up her Mosquito protectorate within the limits claimed by that republic. Itis true the rendi- tion of the Bay Islands has not yet been effect- ed absolutely, and that the British authorities are still retained over them. But this hasbeen at the solicitation of Honduras itself, as a means of defeating the filibustering schemes set on foot in New Orleans last summer to seize on these islands the moment the British forces were withdrawn. This was Walker’s plan; and it was the continuance of the British occupation, at the request of the Honduras authorities, that disconcerted his calculations and drove him into a headlong foray on the mainland, where no man able to control his own movements or not utterly mad would have ever dreamed of making an impression. It is not unlikely that, in view of the action of the Southern States, and under the provisions of her treaties with Honduras, Great Britain will continue her occupation of the islands as long as the government of that republic may con- sider them to be in danger from filibustering States or organizations, Finally, Great Britain, by her convention, with Nicaragua, has divested herself of her self-assumed Mosquito protectorate; and the Mosquito King and kingdom, by virtue of cer- tain scraps of paper signed by a certain Senor Zeledon and a Mr. Wyke, have both disap- peared together. The surrender has been made gracefully, and the conditions attached to it, being on the whole in the interests of hu- manity, civilization and commerce, may be ac- cepted, with the slight protest of a French shrug of the shoulders, as satisfactory. The Mos- quito Indians must retire within a certain de- fined district of sufficient extent, correspond- ing with our Indian reservations, where they may exercise a qualified sovereignty, such as we concede to our Indian tribes under like circum- stances. The dominant sovereignty over them, however, is reserved to Nicaragua. The port of San Juan del Norte, sometimes called Grey- town, is made a free port, within which trial by jury, freedom of worship and other Anglo- Saxon institutions and ideas are guaranteed— the germ planted whence, no doubt, the tree of civil and religious liberty will spring into a growth luxuriant enough to spread its branches over the whole of Central America. A peculiar feature of the convention which we print to-day is the manner in which it dis- poses of what are denominated “Mosquito grants.” It is well known that the so-called Mosquito kings, when under the influence of rum, or seduced thereto by exhibitions of gaudy cottons, were wont to make most regal concessions of their territo- ries to whomeoever could furnish either rum or cottons, and who had suffivient control of Bnglish to draw up a grant. The “his mark” of Mosquito royalty was always at command; and in this way countless thousands of square miles of lands were made over to Jamaica skippers and whatsoever other adventurers petty trade or the terrors of the law had drawn or driven to the Mosquito shore. These grants, first and last, have been made the basis of numerous magnificent stock organizations, and of the issue of shares enough, probably, to shingle over the whole Mosquito shore. Even in the United States they have not been without their day—such as the proverb assigns to every dog, even though he be red. Who has not heard of the famous Shepherd grant, on the basis of which the equally famous Kinney undertook to build up an empire, and the shares whereof cumber the closets of half the needy apecu- lators of the country? By the preeent convention all these conces- sions, dating after the Ist day of January, 1848, are ont down to the modest proportions of one square league each. Those of an earlier date are ignored altogether. In this respect the convention differs from that conelided with Honduras. The arrangement with the latter State provides for the recognition of all the rights and grants acquired by British sub jects from the so-called Mosquito kings, with. out regard to time or extent. One of these grants, known as the “Poyas grout,” ombraces vearly all the region watered by the Patook and Tinto rivers, from the sea coast inland for two hundred miles, and is estimated to cover 15,000 square miles. There is little doubt of the contirmation of this grant to the British holders, under the provisions of the convention with Honduras. In this case we may expect to see a renewal of the attempt made some years ago to colonize the district from Europe, this time under better auspices and with better success. It may be observed, finally, regarding these various conventions and treaties between Great Britain and the Central American republics, that she has consistently and in all of them inserted provisions guarding their independence, and in such a form as fo call for her intervention in case that independence should be attacked. In this, as in her convention with the United States, known as the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, we discover a purpose to restrain American acquisitions to the southward. This purpose will now be pursued all the more steadily and firmly, since it is only from the new Southern confederacy that any encroachment in Mexico and the Central American States is to be ap- prehended. The history of the last Walker expedition shows sufficiently that her interven- tion will be swift and potent whenever the oc- casion shall arise. And having completely set- tled her disputes with Central America, and re- covered her ancient influence there by a show, at least, of magnanimity, the feeble republics of that country will not be slow to ask her aid in their behalf, whenever an attempt shall be made on their territorial integrity. These are circumstances which the managers of the new Southern confederation will not be able to dis- regard in framing their plans and fixing their exterior policy. Stock Gamblt. in Europe and Ame- rica—The Mires Frauds. The arrest on a charge of fraud of M. Mirés, the well known Paris financier, is an event that demands some notice. This person was the founder of the great banking establishment known as the Caisse Generale de Chemins de Fer, and held the contract for the last Turkish loan. The Constantinople bills accepted by him, and falling due on the 20th and 21st of last month, amounting to about $1,400,000, all went to protest. The French government is involved in his transactions, and will pro- bably have to assume the liabilities arising out of them. To protect itself it has thrown Mirés into prison, and sequestrated his assets. As in the case of the defaulting banker Prost, it will squeeze out of him all that is to be ob- tained, and then hand him over to the law, to be dealt with in the rigorous manner in which the French courts usually deal with such of- fenders. . Although the delinquent will no doubt be proved to deserve whatever punishment may be awarded him, we question whether the goy- ernment is not equally culpable, in view of the temptations and inducements which it held out to him. The Emperor is surrounded by a knot of needy adventurers, like De Morny, who, in order to enrich themselves, have procured privileges and concessions without end for the unprincipled stock jobbers with whom they are: in league. There is reason to believe that the Emperor himself in his early necessities was glad to profit by the operations of these specu- lators. The exposures threatencd some eighteen months since in connection with the Credit Mobilier might, but for their suppres- sion by the Minister of State, have given us the clue to this Mirés business, As it is, we shall probably know no more of the facts than that the affairs of the defaulter have been wound up by the government and he himself consigned to a place of safe keeping, from whence it will not be prudent for him to speak. In England we have witnessed, within a few years, similar flagrant examples of financial and commercial demoralization. The frauds committed by Hudson, the railway” king; Strahan, Paul & Co., of Lombard street; Red- path, of the Union Bank; and Sadlier, Under Secretary of the Treasury, all caused an immense amount of confusion and misery. In the government departments the Parliamen- tary Committee, appointed to inquire into the conduct of the Crimean war, made discoveries that proved equally the immorality and dis- honesty prevailing there. The outcry raised by foreign journals against the comparatively venial abuses and corrup- tion of our republican system was, in a mea- sure, silenced by these facts. We are now, however, entering on an epoch in which we promise to transcend whatever has been ac- complished in that way by the financial and commercial genius of Europe. For the next four years the stock jobbers will have complete and undisputed possession of the government. As the new administration can only live by Wall street, Wall street will take care to make the most it canout of the uncertainty and confu- sion into which the triumph of the anti-slavery faction will plunge the country for that period. In a policy constantly vacillating between peace and war, accarding as the radical or con- servative elements get the upper hand in the Cabinet, there will be frequent chances for large operations in the stock market. The go- vernment officials who furnish the information will, of course, take care to have a finger in the pie, so that in a short time there will be few persons confidentially connected with the ad- ministration who will not be implicated more or less deeply in these transactions. Where every one gambles, however, some must lose, and it will be found that the government will have to make good the defalcations of many who, like M. Mirés, have been the victims of misplaced confidence. These are some of the benefits resulting from the advent to power of an administration which has no settled policy and no hold upon the respect and con- fidence of the country. Living by shifts and contrivances, like the European despotisms, it will have to sell itself to stock jobbers and capitalists in order to procure the means of dragging out an odious and painful existence. Hencvies Haokixy Acain.—Our metropoli- tan Hercules is quite fortunate; the winds and the rain both assist him. rai past few days the winds have given the streets a good sweeping, but destroyed thousands of dollars in dry goods, and yesterday the rain did its best towards awash. This is all very well; but the ladies, the storekeepers and people generally com- plain that the winds ore not partioular enough where they deposit the dust they raise, and that the rain, although it removes a great deal of dirt, leaves plenty of mud behind. So we have to look to our Hackley, after all. We have given hin 9 long time to buy his brooms, polish his boes, get bis carts in order and ar- range his ward appointwents. Now we expect to see something done, “an’ if ’twere well done ’twere done quickly.” Bestir thyself, Hereules! Don’t depend upon the winds and the rain, but, as thy ancient namesake advised, put thine own shoulder to the work. If our Hercules doesn’t get at work pretty soon we shall have to get his name changed by an act of the Legislature, Causes or Excessrve Morrauiry 1n New Yorx anp Brooxuxn—Tae Excess Cuteriy Aono Cumpren.—There is no city on this con- tinent naturally more healthy than the city of New York. One cause of mortality in it is its filthy condition. The city of Brooklyn is pos- sessed of many natural advantages for health. It is built on undulating ground, for the most part at a considerable level above the sea; it has very pure water, great facilities for drain- age, and not thickly populated in preportion to its area. Yet the mortality in itis very high. to the census just completed the population is 266,674, and from the records in the Department of the Health Officer the deaths appear to be 6,629, or about one in forty, dur- ing the last year. This bill of mortality is too large from any apparent causes, and inquiry has, therefore, been instituted to ascertain the -gecret sources of excessive disease and death, and these apply equaly to New York and Brooklyn. The Health Officer, Dr. Jones, in an able re- port, shows that every passenger ship arriving at this port brings from six to twenty females who are enceinte, and without support for themselves, they being sent from home to hide their ap- proaching shame. Others leave home virtuous, but land upon our shores pregnant, to become inmates of brothels or a ‘charge to the coun- try. Another cause is that many women, na- tives of the country, do not wish to have chil- dren, and in order to prevent it resort to vio- lent means. Pills are largely used for the purpose, and extensively advertised in dis- guise. Operations are resorted to by numbers of women, some of whom are from the country, who move in all ranks of society, many of whom pay a heavy penalty for their folly, sometimes becoming invalids for life, and some- times forfeiting life itself. Another source of mortality is the neglect of vaccination. In some countries it is compul- sory. In England and the United States it is voluntary, and therefore frequently neglected. In Great Britain and Ireland the mortality from smallpox is from sixteen to sixty in every thousand deaths. In Sweden, parts of Germany, and parts of Italy, where vaccina- tion is compulsory, the mortality is from two to six in every thousand deaths. Jn Brooklyn, fn 1859, out of every thousand deaths theré were eighteen from smallpox. In those not vaccinated, and seized with smallpox, the deaths are found to vary from fifteen to sixty in every hundred eases; where the persons have been vaccinated, the deaths are from one to seven in a hundred, and where the vaccina- tion has been perfectly performed, as shown by the cicatrices, the mortality is found to be uniformly reduced to less than one in every two hundred cases. There ought to be, there- fore, a compulsory law for vaccination, under competent medical supervision. But the greatest cause ‘of mortality is the general treatment of children. Most of the children who die under one year of age are the offspring of foreigners, and a large number of these of foreigners recently arrived. Such have to endure the evil effects of the acclima- tion of the parents. The indiscretion of mothers exposing their infants to the too bright sunlight is another cause of disease. Coming from countries whose skies are almost always clouded, they have no idea of the in- jurious effects of excessive light falling upon the faces of their little ones. In other cases the want of sufficient light is detrimental, large numbers being confined in underground cellars and basements, particu- larly during the winter. The feeble condition of many females who arrive here and soon to become mothers—long voyages, with want of sufficient good food, impairing their natural powers—imparts debility to the offspring, which is further increased by the necessity of mothers going out to work in a few days after confinement, and when they feel weak, using strong drinks as stimulants, which render their milk feverish and unfit for infants. The in- fants wrapped all day in warm clothes, and their faces covered, they are bathed in perspi- ration, and the air they breathe is consequently poisoned by the exhalations from their own bodies. It is not to be wondered that the mor- tality among them is great. “Many,” says Dr. Jones, “die from intentional neglect or the ef- fects of laudanum, or other agents, given sim- ply because the children are illegitimate. The truth of this disregard isin part exhibited by the number of foundlings that are picked up in this city.” Many children, too, are killed by quack medicines, After these pernicious drugs have done their work and the child is dying, some self-styled doctor is called in to prevent acoroner’s inquest. He grants a physician’s certificate as to the cause of death for twenty- five cents, without ever baving seen the child! These facts have been broaght to light by the Health Officer ordering the bodies to be ex- humed and inquests to be held. Great num- bers are killed annually by quack medicine. These are the principal causes of the exces- sive mortality in Brooklyn, and also in New York, and, with such exceptions, both cities are the healthiest in the United States. AcApEMY oF Music—Miss Ketrqgo a8 Linpa.—A few musical enthusiasts braved the terrific storm of yester- day and assisted at the farewell matinee, whon we bad « Linda di Chamounix,” with Miss Kellogg, first time, as Linda, supported by Brignoli, Ferri, Suaini, Dubreul, and Madame d’Ormy, the latter replacing Miss Adcla\de Phillips, invalided. Miss Kellogg’s Linda was a much better performance, musically and dramatically, than her first cesay in ‘ Rigoletto.’ In Linda sho overcame ono great obstacle, She was no longer frightened, and she sung with ® dogree of wrve and enthusiasm which was, by contrast with her previous perform. ances, quite surprising. In the scone with hor stern parent (end of second act) our latest Linda was excecd- ingly good, singing and acting admirably. The deficiency in the lower register of Miss Kellogg's voice was not so apparent in Linda as in “Rigoletto,” while she eeomed to have gained in confidence, purity and surety of into- ‘nation and general finish inexecution. She still phrases mechanically, and is just @ Hitle too precise; but that is better than to be too carcless. Forr) was excellent in the part of Antonio; his ecene in the second act was very finely done, Brignoli seemed to think that the least he did the petter every one would be pleased, and d’Ormy took precisely the opposite view. Tho result was dis troesing in both cases, The Missourt United 6 Sematorship Sr. Lovts, March &, 1861 The lower branch of our State Legislature has passe! a joint resolution to-day to go into an election for United States Serator on Wodnesfay acxt. AFFAIRS AT THE SOUTH. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUFHERN CONGRESS. The National Flag of the Confe- derate States, hes Bey, Proceedings of the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States. Bee Ject of patents, which was appropriately referred. Mr. Newer, of Ga.—I have 9 letter, Mr. President, is reference ba affairs, which I desire to have re- ferred to Postal Committee. It was accordingly referred. Mr. Nispar also presented a communication from the President of the Macon and Western Railroad, in relation to the transit of goods through the State of Georgia te Tennessee. It was referred without reading to the Com Mr. Ocmuraxx, of Texas, handed in a communication which, without reading, was appropriately referred. Mr. Wavt, of Texas, presented a communication from ‘the Hon. John Hemphill, which, without reading, was referred to the Commercial Committee, ‘THE FLAG OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. Mr. Mims, of 8. 0.—In consequence of having omitted to attend to the matter on yesterday, I beg leave te submit the following:— The committee to select @ proper the Confederate of America eg Ar “ i Se Leal Ge reas mitted to “4 . The number of bas tm- all may be divided into two great mense, but poy The classes :—First, wi cipal features of the United Staves ting with ght and unimportant modifications; tion to the frst lass ts gone of them, at com. biderablo distance, ‘could rosa ingulshed trom the one which they imitate. Whatever's abe 2 ee ‘we cannot retain the oe 08 ee it from =a have with ‘any propriety, or obvious Tatotieal diicuttion There is no propriety iran lng yong aid it which, in the opi- nion of the States composing this eonfederacy, had come 80 ive ant jurious to their interests as to require ir separation from it. It is idle to talk of “Keeping” the flag of the United States when we have voluntarily seceded from thenr, It is superfluous to dwell upon the practical difficulties which would flow from the fact of two distinct and probably hostile governments, both employing the eame or very similar fags. It would be apolitical and military soleciam. It would luce eadless confusion and mistakes. It would I to per- disputes. As to “the glories of the old flag,” we mpat bear in mind that the battles of the Revolution, about which our fondest and proudest momories cluster, were not fought beneath its folds; and althoug! recent times—in the war of 1812 and in the war with Mexico—the South did win her fair share of glory, and shed her full measure of blood under its gui- dance and in its defence, we think the impartial page of history will preserve and commemorate the fact} more imperishably than a mere piece of atrij bunting. When the colonies achieved their i of the ‘mother country”? (which up to the last they fondly called her) they did not desire to retain the British flav or anvthing at ‘il similar to ft. ot under {as a they hed beém planted, and nurtured, and foetered. Under flag they had fought in their in- fancy for thetr very existence —s more termined foe. Under it they Tepelled and driven back the relentless savage, and carried it further and further into the decreasing wilderness as the standard of civilization and religion. Under it the youth- ful Washi won his spurs, in the memerable and un- fortunate expedition of Braddock, and Americans helped to lant it on the Heights of Abraham, where the immortal olfe fell, covered with glory, in the arms of victory. But our forefathers when they themselves from Great Britain—a separation not on account of their hatred of the English constitution or of Engligh institutions, but in consequence of the tyrannical and unconstitutional rule of Lord North’s administration, and because their destiny beckonad them on to indepeadent expansion and achievement—cast no lingering, regretful looks behind. ‘They were proud of their race and lineage, proud of their heritage in the glories and language of Old England, but they were influenced by the spirit of the motto of the great Hampden, ‘ Vestigia nulla retrorsum.?? ‘They were determined to build up a new Power among the nations of the world. They therefore did not at- tempt ‘‘ to keep the old flag.”’ We think it imitate them in this comparatively little matter, as well s 8 to emulate them in greater and more important ones. ‘The committee in examining the representations of the flags of al! countries, found that Liberia and the Sandwich Isiands bad flags so similar to that of the United States, pa — to mn an ee fone ia itself a conclusive reason, why we 8] “keep,” copy, . ‘They felt no inclination to borrow’ at seco hand what had been pilfered and appropriated by a free negro community and a race of savages. It must be ad- mitted, however, that something was conceded committee to what seemed 80 to retain at least a suggestion stripes." So much for the mass of models rie | more or less copied from, or assimilated to Unit States flag. With reference to the second class of signs—those of an elaborate and complicated (but many of them showing considerable artistic and taste)—the committee will merely remark, that ever pretty they may be when made up by | nd ofa ent fingers in silk, eatin and ey are not appropriate as flags. A simple, readily made, and, above all made up in bunting; it should be differeut of any Nek hy ae or poh it ae nificant; it should readily ti isbab! Se "ieaw, cad ot tas een pertee pal , and not t imy int, i Detemorive and handsome, "fos comatteed hon pee 3 that ms which they — SS hemegl isites. ‘very easy to entirely dif. farent from any national flag. The three colors of which it is composed—red, white and blue—are the true repub- lican colors. In heraldry they are emblematic of the three great virtues—of valor, yA and truth. Naval ln i celta men assure us that it can ‘at 8 great distance, The colors contrast admirably, and In effect and appearance it rhust spelt , the red spaces, above and below, to he A the com ge hab n Sg hyd heme the union blue ox- tending down through the white space, and st’ at tholower red space; in the centre of the pape Fd of white stars, corresponding in number with the States in the confederacy. If adopted, long may it wave over a brave, a free and a virtuous people. May the career of the xy, whose duty it will then be to support and defend it, be such as to ondear it to our children’s children as the of a loved, because a just and en ay government, cherished symbol of ite vaior, purity truth. ‘The report was adopted. Aunexed is 1 representation of the flag of the Confederate States of America:— Mr, Wrrnens, of 8. C.—I move that the whole of the re- port from the committee on the flag be entered upoe the journals as having been presented on yesterday. ‘It was #0 ordered. Mr. Brooxx, of Miss.—I wish just here, Mr. President, to ask permission of this House to raake somewhat of a personal explanation, 1 was pained on yeaterday to learn from a reference which the distinguished gendieman from Alabama ae ‘was pleased to male to the re- marks which I had the honor of submitting, some week sinos, on a flag for this confederacy, that those remarkn had been understood im certain quartors as indicating, in ‘an under tone, a desire for the reconstruction of this go- vernment on my part. Here, or in the State which | have the honor in part 2 om this floor, | repadiate ‘any such Rentiments. it, sir, an burable individual, like myself, may thenk or Cg be a matdor of very little importance, but if understood to be the roprosenta- tive of any party in my State, it may bacomne & matier of some importance and worthy of somo consideration, T bad the honor of belonging to what was called the co.ope- ration party ia Mississipp\—a party iarge snd respectavle in number avd inteligonge—tnt, wir, 1 ean say with truth and confidence, that the ‘only important difference between that party nad the one which sri- umphed in the election, was the question of time and the mode of resistance, mon bave i ence n a site on from the gene. ® people of Misaiesippt form. Tom authorized, * On this floor, from &. 1 Go not Bolieve \ epi who desires a recon thi ‘governmont, or who will not fully en. #¢ DF sonte AM ition tered by ch Bo gradefully is mow floating bt, Sif, that the vod “yer this Capitol ou yesterday