The New York Herald Newspaper, February 17, 1861, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. ——rr JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OPPICE N. W- CORNER OF PULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, cash in advance. Money sent by mait wil? be at the vines the vender, ‘None but Bes taiees THE DAILY HERALD, two con's ), $7 per annnin. [ee WEERLY HBEALD. coory Retest, at te ‘cents per comp, 0” $8 per anon the Bsivopean Edition svery We . a conta per annum to ani Paper Speed Britain, oe ay part ‘Continent, both 10 include postage; the California Or ai ‘each month, wt ei Cena per copy, or annus ‘ale vai SIBKALD, on Wednesday, at four cents per copy, 0 82.per annum. ' ‘ PM AREMENTS renewed erery days advertisements in- abrenti , Hinata, Vawuty Heranp, and in the ‘alifer ni teropean Raitic . VOLUNTARY CORRESPON Seti madd fore egp vn FourG® COURSPONDERY Ge PawricUsamuy Requests 10 SEAL ACL LETTERS AND 1 40K- ‘OKs SENT US. Volume XXVI No, 47 FT AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth sireet.—Irauian Ora- RAUN uy Mascuras. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broad Jack Cape WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street.— OTHELLO, ROWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—A Nigur ix WoNoEr Wort, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Cexte at, Park, LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, No. 6% Broadway.— Seven StsreRs. NEW BOWERY THEATER, Bowery.—Cross or Gorp— MARL RGUIN JACK—WOMAN'S LOVE. ‘UM'S AMERIOAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Day and Tax Wowax 13 Wiitk—Livixe Ouriosirins, &e. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad- way.—Boniuseues, Sonos, Danors, &v.—Jace Cane. HOOLEY & CAMPBELL'S MINSTRELS, Niblo’s Saloon, Broads Bruiorian 50x08, Dances, Buucesques, £0.— ‘Tas Movwers, CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 663 Broadway.—Ticar Rore, Sones Oancus, Buatxsaues, &v. MELODEON, No, 539 Broadway.—Soncs, Dances, Bor ursours, &eo. ew York, Sunday, February 17, 1861. The News. ‘The Peace Convention at Washington yesterday commenced debate on the plan of adjustment adopted by the committee. Mr, Baldwin, of Con- necticut, moyed to substitute his proposition for a National Convention in lieu of the committee's plan. Mr. Guthrie opposed the motion, and urged the Convention to take immediate action. There was considerable difference of opinion re- specting the meaning of the plan of adjustment as regards the Territorial question, whether it ap- plied to existing territory only, or also to that to be hereafter acquired, Mr. Reverdy Johnson, of Ma nd, said he should moy amendment so ad to exclude future acquisitions of territory from the operations of the compromive, The debate did not terminate till three o'clock, when the Con vention adjourned till Mong in Congress yester the Senate teok up the Tariff bill, and Mr. § s amendment, extend i all be paid to three Was agreed to bya Thi es the warehousing system with The Con- » Committee on the Deticic bill nade a report, stating that an agreement had Ween come te re cting the amend i Th to strike out nh was not taken ar tere conference the i sports of the Committe: aunend= ’ Appropria- nts to the Deficiency and is, and passed the bill providing for the ap- settle. tates of Commissioners to arrange th he claims of citizens of the United iust New Granada and Costa Ries, The House 9 passed twenty private Ld. The evening devoted to debate on the crisis. scident elect and party left Clev orning for Bnfialo. The p At the various sta- turned out sion w angments as it pro: tions along the route in large numbers to greet the fature disy public patronage andhonors, The incidents along the route were both serious and amusi Mt Brie the rocefof a building, which was covered with ators, fell in, but fortunately no person was ured. At another stopping place a young girl, who had, during the Presidential canvass, written to Mr. Lincoln, advising him to allow his w people grow, eame forward and kissed the President elect. At Buffalo the crowd was so numerous wnd so turbulent as to endanger the lives of the party, and Major Hunter of Mr. Lincoln's suite, had his arm dislocated. Mr. Lincoln made a speech at Buffalo, in which he referred to the troubles of the country in pretty much the same as on previous occasions. The Canada judiciary yesterday rendered a final sion in the case of the fugitive slave Anderson urt sustained the decision of the Court of + Bench on the question of law, and was us in discharging the prisoner on a tech- in the commitment. Anderson was there ct at liberty. The proceedings of both honses of the Legisla ture at Albany yesterday were very entertaiming, but not of great importance to the general pac, Hoth the Senate and Assembly were occupied during the greater part of their sessions in a wordy war over the arrangements of the commit- tee for the reception of the President elect during pated visit to the State capital, The con. Mr. Lincoln test was over the question wheth uld be entertained specially by yvernor Mor- « Prince of Wales banguet)—the State, of ‘ paying all expenses—o the members of the Legislature themselyes. The contest finally ended in favor of the latter, and the President an (¢ elect will therefore be the guest of the State. The ouly other business trans was the coufirma- tion, in the Senate, of lrancis Granger, to fill the vacancy in the Washington Peace Commission; aud in the Assembly, sor eress on the Annual Appropriation bill. in addition to the extracts given yesterday, we publish to-day some details of Burepean news of wer i interest and importance, received by the City of Baltimore. A letter from Rome states that the Pope is not at all well pleased with the English ( atholics, on ac- count of their reluctance to open their purses for the increase and support of the Papal army, Vrance hag recently sent 100,000 crowns anda rich collection of bracelets, earrings, brooches, and other female finery. Letters and telegraphic despatches from Rome show that an actual war, hough on agmall scale, is at the present time going onbetwoen Rome and Serdinia, The brigands and tourbon soldiers sent out from Rome, with the Pope's blessing, to tight on behalf of Francis II. have ad several encounters with the Piedmor tese troops. Some of (he contests have been fierce and sanguinary, several oadreds of the brigands having lost their | aod in owe instauce, at least, the Picdmontess lave followed a reaction: ary baud into the Papel torritory and inficted on it signal chastisement Le Nord wtates that the Council of the Frupire is shortly to assemble vuder the peesidency of the Ozar, to oxamine definitely the principe) articles of @n imperial manifesto deereeing the abotition of serfdom, The Emperor will then decide upon the mod¢ and the time of the enfranch®oment— uot to be delayed, it is hoped, beyond the next autumn. The manifesto is expected to appear in Moreh. | ‘The steamship Zulu, Captain “edwin, from Lilis current in New York | WEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1861 Th: debates and votes in the Convention which formed the constitution in 1787, as reported in the Madison Papers, are highly instructive as bearmg on the Puritan conscience. When it was proposed to abolish the slave trade from the year 1800, Edmund Randolph and Mr. Ma- dison, of Virginis, advocated the proposition. What States voted against it, and in favor of extending the time to 1808t New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, North Carolia, South Carolina and Georgia. Those States which voted for the abolition in 1800 were New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Virginia. Had the Now England States voted with them, the measure would have been carried. As long a8 the importation of slaves from Africa was legal, who thrived most by the traf- fic? The Puritans, as a few figures will show. From tho year 1804 to 1808 there were 39,075 slaves imported into Charleston, 8. C. Of these only 3,545 were imported by Southern men, while the rest, including 8,238 imported by citizens of Rhode Island, were brought to market by Northern merchants, Brilish and Kingston, Jamaica, with dates to the 6th inst., arrived here yesterday morning, The news is un- important. Prince Alfred, Queen Victoria's “sailor boy,’ was expected there, and prepara- tions were making‘to receive him commensurate with the occasion. The Legislature, which had adjourned, had reassembled, and were at work, The steam line to Santiago de Cuba had been dis- continued. It did not pay. It appears Mr, Superintendent Kennedy has not yet given up the ammunition seized om board the Huntsville last Wednesday. In reply to a formal demand, in the shape of a replevin served upon him by Mr. Sheriff Kelly yesterday, for the ten cases of Minie rifles supposed to belong to Geor- gia, Mr. Kennedy requested three days to consider | what action he would take in the premises. This request is believed to indicate a disposition on the part of the police authorities to contest judicially their right of search. The wills of William H. Falls and Thomas W. Langdon haye been admitted to probate. They distribuie estates valued at $150,000 in the agare- gate, but they are all given te the relatives of the testators, The court martial! convened in the case of Com mander Walke met again yesterday morning, but french; and of more than two hundred con- signees, only thirteen were natives of Charlos- Ton. Scarcely had one decade elapsed after the timo fixed in the constitution for the expiration of the slave trade, wheu the Puritans, who mo- nopolized that trade, commenced an agitation against Gomestic slavery, their great leader and champion being John Quincy Adams, of Massa- chusetts. The Charleston conspiracy to mur- der all the white inhabitants, and the North- ampton insurrection of Nat Turner, are beth distinctly traced to Nerthern incendiarism. With the Charleston plot the name of Rufus King, United States Senator from New York, and the Seward of that day, is as much mixed p as are some of the anti-slavery leaders of the present time with the insurrectionary plans of John Brown, Both then and now the British anti-slavery party co-operated with the dis- unionists here; not that the majority cared about slavery, but that they thought the agita- tion would be an entering wedge to split the Union and restore to England her commercial supremacy, and give to popular government a adjourned in consequence of the non-arrival of Commander Armstrong, who was to be a witness ou the part of the government, Jn the application made by Messra. J, T, Brady and 04 fall to admit Jefferds (charged with the Walton- ws murder), to bail, Judgeleonard said that in view of the Governor's order for a special session of Oyer and Terminer for the 27th, he would defer his decision until March. If the prisoner was not brought to trial in the meantime he (the Judge) would then decide the motion made to admit him to bail. A motion was made 3 Law and Conover, by M Il. W. Robinson, for jn ent on the verdict against the United States. The Distriet Attorney opposed the motion, but at the suggestion of Judge Betts the matter was laid over until Tuesday next. The storm of rain which set in early last evening, burst with great fury upon the city shortly after ten o'clock, accompanied by a shower of hail, causing no little annoyance to those coming out of the theatres and other places of amusement at the time. We have as yet received no account of any damage done, though no doubt considerable was occasioned, The storm, during its latter stages, erday in the case of Chas, O'Conor and was attended lightniny whose flashes heavy blow and asore discouragement. Ter were very brilliant and dazzling. Lightning in statesmen merely weed the fanatical element for national purposes, To this end was directed all the zeal of Buxton and Clarkson, and Wilber- foree and Brougham, and hence the remark the winter time isa rare and singular phenomenon» and its attendance upon the storm last evening will possess no little interest for the meteorological savans, The Junior Exhibition of the Free Academy took | of Sir Robert Peel, that “twenty mil- place last evening at Irving Hall, A reportof | lions of pounds (one hundred mil- the proceedings will be found elxewhere in our | lions of dollars) paid for the abolition columns. The cotton market exhibited no change yesterday, while the & les embraced about 800 bales, closing on the basis of 11yge.a LL \\¢, tor middling uplands. Flour was in fome beiter re it and more active, the market having been favorably influenced by the news from Enrope. The purchases were chiefly made for export. Southern jiour was also firmer, with more doing. Wheat was firm er, but owing to the advance in freights, the market was not active. orn was also jirmer and in fair export de. mand. Pork wae dull, while sales embraced mess at 6a $17, and prime at $15. Sugars have been astive me days, and rather firmer for prime grades, The gales ombraced 1,050 hhds. old and new Cuba at sicady prices. Coifee was steady, with sales of 500 bags Rio at 1140. a 18\¢., and 50 do, Jamaica at 12*/c Freights were firmer, especially fer Liverpoo 1, ‘to which port wheat was engaged, in bulk and in ship's bays, at 12d. al ; four taken at Js. Tigd., bacon at BT. 6d, tallow and crude turpentine at 48. Yo Londen 200 boxes were engaged at 42s. 6d. 0 45) of slavery in the West Indies was the best investment ever made for the overthrow of American institutions.” This is the real secret of the mission of George Thompson as an in- cendiary among us, the proceedings of Excier Hall and Stafford House, and the money sub- seribed in England for revolutionizing our gov- ernment. From the wealth of the British aris- tocracy came a large portion of the five millions of dollars with which the Emigrant Aid Society ot Massachusetis carried on the war in * bleed- ing Kansas.” From England John Brown was supplied with “ the sinews of war’ for the in- vasion of Virginia; and there is no doubt that ihe cleciion of Lincoln was largely aided from the same source. Kut it is worthy of attention that while mil- lions of dolars bave been spent on propagand- ism in various forms, including Sharpe's rifles, in litigation to resist the constitution, in stealing negroes and sending them to Canada by “under- ground railroads,” till the fugitives amount to foriy thousand, no proposition has ever heen made by the abolitionists to pay the price of the emancipation of the slaves to their owners, aa Great Britain paid her West India planters, While Southern slaveholders, denounced as the most atrocious monsters of iniquity, have ex- pended one hundred and fifty millions in emanci- pation, the abolitionists and humanitarians have contvibuted nothing. Wholesale robbery of the Js the Repablican Creed Founded on the Principles of the Revolationary Fathers! All the republican orators in and out of Congress, the New York 7ribvne and most of the organs of the party, contend that they are standing by the principles and policy of the founders of the government, just as if the right of the Southern States (o carry their institution into the common Territories were a new claim. They are eternally citing the Declaration of Independence, drawn up by slaveholders. A a main plank in their quotation from it Chicago platform. But it is idle for the ¢ si ., eit tes ae ‘ by ae ae es . masters is the sole proposition of these phi- rep ean leaders to resort fo) dl com- ‘ ve. Seppe - wi lanthropisis, whether they belong to the fort to the Declaration of Independence, |, |. oat ok biel far from. coaitiianbiin Mia lak Puritan school, the womens’ rights sect, the eee ay niet oe . ; e tf pad Seones free lovers, the Fourierites, or the infidels ‘ ee gophers “ ei ‘63 oraincait tot the Tom Taine crew, cursing the Bible Has one oy the cbarges in foe mesorment | and the constitution in the same breath. against King George that he excited insurrec- he slaves of the colonies in order to set them fr And how absurd the idea that men of such racter ani intellect as Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and the rest should so stultify themselves as te declare the the white man, and entitled to Dishouesty is characteristic of the whole anti- slavery movement to the present hour. While the agitators, including the clergy. denounee the Southern institution as (he mother of aboni- nations, they have never ceased to encourage it by the consumption of its products. It is notorious, too, that the rump of the lote whig party which combined with the abolition et ment is not really anti-slavery, but has merely employer the sentiment to reach the spoils o office from which it had been so long exeluded. just ax it tried its hand on the Maine Liquor law, while the temperance orators were known to be partners in rum establishments, and to in- dulye frecly in the nse of spirituous drinks. All other issues, a United States bank. a high protective tariff, and internal improvem the general governinent, had been tried and resulted in failure. The slavery question was adroitly seized at last, and, by an aceidonial concurrence of evenis, was rendered trinm- phant. But their victory is the ruin of the republican party, as the sequel will show tions amo’ eb 1 ras they lived continue to hold him in bondage. At the time the De- nu of Independence was signed every Britis: colony held slaves by the commo. law, which is still the kaw where not abolished by statute. At the the constitution was adopted every Site but one held slaves, Con. sequently the provisions in the constitution for the proteccion of the frecdem of the American citiven, including the habeas corpus, can have no reference to the negro. It is very obvious that slaves arenot parties to the coustitation; but the security provided can only apply to the parties. In 1790, just after the constitution was rati- fied by the States, the census shows that of the j07 G06 slaves in the colonies, Connecticut had ew Hampshire 158, time Mi The Vresident elect, among the iron foundries of Vitteburg, felt himself constrained to branch | ont a little on the tariff question. He did not venture, however, into the deep water of the subject. but hugged the shore for fear of acci dents. He did not know much about the Morrill Vari Will: it might pass and it might not: bnt according to his latest advices on the subject, the Dill was still pending. He seemed to think, upon the whole, however, that it would be as well to postpone the subject till the next ses- sion of Congress; and we think sotoo, If the seceded States are not already hopelessly alienated from the government at Washington, pass this Morrill Tariff bill upon thom at this crisis, and it will operate a# the last parect which breaks the camel's back. Monee, from the very cautious remarks of Mr, Lincoln on the tariff, at Pitsburg, we are disposed to credit him with the sagacity which compre- hends the Southern expostre of the question. He will have trouble enough on his hands at Washington for the first twelve montis oF so, withont the additional cause of offence to the South which is threatenod in this Morrill biah tavift Will. Lixcony on THE Tarter Qoestros. than half that nwrber, and Pennsylvania So late as [820 New York had upwards of 10.000 slaves, New Jer more than 7,500, and erenin Why Isso (he latter State had 2,254 bondmen, have the numbers diminished and finally slavery ceased to exist in the free States’ Not from obedience to conscience, but because it ceased to pay. The immigration of white labor and the climate settled the question. But is that any reason why, in a climate suited to the ne ero ond not ewited to the white laborer, the in- stitution should not continue to exist, or that it should become rery sinful when Northern Pu- ritans can no longer make money (rom it Before the Revolution the dave trade was carried on chiefly by the ships of the Puritans, who, under the sanction and by the authorily of the mother country, ferced slaves imported from Africa upon the people of Virginian and the other Southern colonies, against their earnest remonsirancer and threats of resist- ance. And if was their cruelty inthe manner of carrying on this traffic which led Joba Wesley to denounce it as “the sum of all vil- lanies:" whereas his great collaboraley, Whit field, pronounced domestic slavery to be emi- nently Christian, and suited for the develope. ment and prosperity of the colonies, ax woll as the civilization of the African. It is well known that (he Puritans who migrate to the South at the present time are the only hard mastom cf the negroes, whereas the native plagters are invariably kind and indulgent, Goverson Wisk ts ifs Kisnnevt nor Wise, in the Virginia Conven ginning to let off bis thu As we understand his case, fh a# fight,” and if he can’t get one frou: Virginia he will go down to Sonth Caroting gid take Fort Sumter, Gover- is be- on, The Tac-Ping Rebols a.nd Obristianity in China, There never was a wider field open fF mis- sionary efforts than is now to be founa '” China. There never, perhaps, was a people more ready for embracing the doctrines of Christianity than the numerous insurgents who have enlisted under the banner of Tae-ling- Wang, the self-styled rebel Emperor, whose headquarters are in the old capital of the Ming dynasty—-Nankin—a city of such importance that it bears the same relation to Pekin—the Chinese metropolis—that Moscow does to St. Petersburg. It is interesting to trace the rise and pro- gress of this modern revolution in the person of its leader, who, born in 141%, was, a few years ago, & poowschoolteacher in a rice pro- vince near Canton. In a country like China, where the manners and customs of the people may almost be said to be stereotyped, and the son is rarely permitted to rise above the social rank of the father, it is extraordinary that Tae- Ping-Wang, whose original name appears tohave been Phuh, but afterwards changed to several others, should have so far succeeded in his as- sumption of the reins of power as to accumu- late an army of men, numbering tens of thou- sands, by which he captured numerous towns and cities, and among them the city where he is now domiciled and over which he exercises supreme control. We are told that he became entranced for forty days, and imagined himself carried up to heaven, where he had visions of his future mission, and became inspired to the performance of his appointed task. This, how- ever, is as wild a legend as any of those cur- rent among the Hindoos or Mahominedans But the followers of Tae-Ping believe it, and, as it is the real basis of the religion they profess. it possesses some importance. Acting upon the instructions supposed to have been given him in heaven, Tae-Ping- Wang, with a sword in one hand and the seat of Christ in the other, went forth like one mad. But he assured the people that he was not mad, and urged them, with tears in his eyes, to join him in the service of the “Old Man above,” at the same time telling them that by worship- ping their idols they were in fellowship with Satan, and that the “Father” had commanded that all men should turn and follow him, pay- ing him tribute and reverence as Emperor of China. This modest statement convinced those around him that his was a confirmed case of frenzy. He still continued his school, and rapidly acquired the reputation of being a rant- ing, raving teacher. At length, after convert- ing three of his neighbors by means of some re- ligious tracts that he had discovered, and which probably had their source in the workings of the Jesuit missionaries in China for the pre- vious three centuries, he set out as a preacher, intent upon the regeneration of China. Gra- dually new converts flocked to him, although his own destitute condition was not calculated to attvact the multitude; for during ihe first year of his proselytizing tour he and his follow- ers subsisted chiefly upon wild fruit, alms and a modicum of looting. (rom the year 141 the number of converts was largely on the in- crease, They-resolved themselves into armed hands, praying, preaching, plundering, and, if neeessary, fighting, wherever they went. It is one of the favorite maxims of the rebel Kmperor, that as the Tartars captured China by force, he and his followers have a perfect night to do exactly the same thiug if they can, and he sums ap bis argument by saying, “There is, therefore, no difference between us who levy contributions on the towns and vil- lages we have taken and the officials sent from ¥ekin to collect the taxes.” Although ihe Tae- YVings entirely prohibit the use of opium and tobacco among themselves, they have shown their moral elasticity by offering to sustain the English opium trade with the unconverted in- habitants of China, with a view, of course, to secure the friendship of the British nation: and t would be hard to name anything they would not do provided it tended to the advancement of their worldly interests. We have said there is a wide field for the exercise of auissionary labor in China: but we are dis- posed to believe that the fraits of that labor will be reaped by the Romish, and not by ihe Vrotestant Church, The Roman Catholic religion, with its forms and ceremonies, appeals strongly to the imagination of the people of the East, whereas that of the Trotestaués is cold and uncalculated to draw forth their sympathies sufficiently to their beeoming converts, And although the religion of the Tae-Dings may cousidered half Christion, it will, we think, only be developed and perfected under the benevolent auspices of the Church of Rome. In the success of Navier and his fellow missionaries in the six- teenth century in Japan, when Catholicism ned so great a hold upon the popular mind, we have an instance of the subtle and potent intivence of the Romish faith over the Oe ials; and the day may come when the entire Hast will bow te its fascination, and the seat of the Papacy will be no longer in the Vatican, or even Haly. but in some por- tien of the far Orient. We anticipate great results from the spread of this revolution in China. Lt will, as long as it exists, be a safety valve and a protection to the Western Powers in their relations with the empire under the Tartar dynasty, and it will eventually either overrun all China or lead to many concessions in behalf of liberty, free trade and free insti- tutions on the partof the governmentat Pekin. be tis Srensstos as Virwnn Trrocan Formas Sree ricLys.—The question as to the recognition of the Southern confederacy by the leading Enropean Powers has not yet been directly presented to the diplomats, It has, however, been extensively discussed by the journalists, the rea! covrrters of cabinets. As our readers may have observed by the copious extracts from English newspapers heretofore transferred to our columns, the British press declines to take sides one way or the other, but hopes for reconstraction. On the other hand, the Gonti- nental journals (avor the South, and argue that England and Frence must acknowledge the supremacy of cotion and recognise the pro tonpore government of the South, or else take the responsibility of reducing millions of their artisans to utter destitution. to anariicle from the altramontane organ, /¢ Monde, of Paris, it will be noticed that this question is argued with more perspicuily than is usually displayed by Uuropean — weiters when they engage in the discussion of ony affairs. ‘Tho Monde, Hike oll the other Roman Catholic papers, at home and abroad, teans to the side of the South, and the general tenor of Turopean opinion, outside of Bxetor Hall, seems to run in that direction, Bhould the ab- TT Tue ANNEXATION OF CaNdpa QuEsTion.—We perceive this question is agitating the publis mind of Canada toa very great extent at the present moment, arising from two causes. One is, that the cotton States have seceded, and that all the other slave States are likely to follow them, thus making the annexation of Canads both desirable and practicable; and the other cause is the outrageous attempt in England, iw the case of the slave Anderson, to contre the judiciary of Canada and make it subordingte to British courts, though the independence of Canada has been conceded by the mother coun- try. That independence, however, is only no- minal; it is far frome complete, or such as ought to satisfy or dces satisfy the Canadian people, On this subject the veader will find ta our columns te-day two intezesting letters. (ne of them, from Toronto, says:—‘‘In the great events which agitate the Americas Union there is much to interest the minds of Cazndian poli- ticians. Our provincial, dependent position is looked upon by some as an evil that ean be now best removed by @ union in'some shape with the free States of the North:” and the writer then goes on to observe :—There can be little doubt that after the exclusiow of the principle and the rejection of tte fact of slavery by « Northen cow federacy of the disunited States, a: lange majority of the Canadian people would’ be iw favor of joining the republic. The idea of ae~ quiring a nationality is strongly impressed. upon all classes of the community, and espe- cially upon the mind of Young Canada.” It is therefore important that the Canadians showla apply at once for admission into the Union be- fore the difficulty with the Southern States is setiled; for the slave States would never consent to the admission of Canada. If the Guthrie compromise should be adopted and made part of the constitution, it will require the votes of three-fourths of the Senate to carry the ad- mission of any new territory. The North, too, would care bess for the acquisition of Northeru territory if the Southern States should come back. Canada, probably, would not desire to come in, as our correspondent yemarks, if sia- very existed in the confederacy. Let “Young Canada,” therefore, take the matter in hand at once. There is no time to be lost. ‘The other lettér, from Montreal, remarks with great truth that, whereas in Enropean coun- tries traditions possess much force and tenacity in preventing changes of government, on the North American continent, on the contrary, public opinion rules everything. It is only ~ necessary, therefore, to move publie cpinion in Canada to render her annexation to the Northern confederacy a fixed fact. Now is the accepted time, now is the day of her regenera- tion, if she has any statesmen with eyes to see, and ears to hear, and minds to understand. By her union with our Northern States her re- sources would become so rapidly developed and her prosperity so increased that in tem years she would hardly know herself, and no traveller could distinguish the difference be- tween her condition and that of the republics on her frontier, which now present so striking a contrast to her disadvantage. as all European tourisis, including those from England, have uniformly observed. The difference arises from the form of government and the bene- ficial influence of « large confederacy. Let Canada, therefore, lose no time in rending the last link of the chain of ker hereditary bondage. “Who would be frec, themselves must strike the blow.” surd Morrill Tariff bill become a law, this ‘feeling would be intensified to such a degree that the groat Powers would have little or no hesitation in -Pecogniving the provisional government of the ..°tton States as a government de facto. So far as rev."tlts arf concerned, this halfway recog- nition woul Ue quite as important as a full and formal ackse."'edgment of the sovereign. ty of the new repubiic, Let the new tariff, with its prohibitory dutics upon English, French and German cloths, carpets, hardware, silks, cotton goods and wines, go inte opera- tion, and the South offer free trade, exchange of raw material for manufactured "goods, with- out any restriction whatsoever, and the recon- struction of the Union would be a matter of sheer impossibility. The border States would find that their interests as well as their inctina- tions led them to join with the cotton States, Direct trade with Europe would commence vigorously, Ships from France, England and the Mediterranean ports would throng the har- bors of Baltimore and Norfolk, and the rail- ways of Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee and Maryland would receive a vast amount of freight which now comes through New York and goes to the West and South, via the North- ern routes. So we see that cotton is king, after all. Lory Brovertas ix Favor or Coxcesstox.— A letter addressed by Lord Brougham to the Birmingham conference is well deserving of the attention of those shallow politicians of the republican party ,who, in order to sustain something they call a platform, make ship- wreck of the Union, and blast the hopes of hu- manity hanging upon the success of the govern- ment founded by our Revolutionary fathers. The letter was not written about our national troubles; but, as if the subject was uppermost in his mind, the writer introduces it in a few but very important and very strong observa. tions, as follows :— Canyes (Var.), Jan. 19, 1861. My Dear Thti—I have again to express my great regret at not being ablo to attend the conference. You may well believe how deep an interest I take in it. There wants some such thing to give one comfort 1m these times, when such untoward events are, it is to he feared, in prégress, ‘The difficulties unhappily interposed by Vurlous causes (sume of a kind not casily removed) to the settlement of italy under a constitutional govern ment, freeing her from the worst tyranny of modern times aud, above all, the alarm feil.by all the fricnds of human improvement at the risk af disunion in America, are natt rally vjpermost in one's mind at the present time. How much wis tobe wished that Ue contending parties in both aly and America would take a leaf out of our books, and Learn the wisdom as well as virtue of compromise and mu- tual concession’ Our coustivution is tho genuine result of this wi Theartily wish success to the confe renee, and beliove me, ete. , BROUGITASL Here is sound advice to the republican party from the very man whom they assert to be the greatest statesman of Hngland—the ablest advocate of their anti-slavery principles in the British dominions. Zealous as this distin- guished man has ever been in the cause of ne- gro emancipation, he yet holds that the free- dom of all the negroes on this continent is not for a moment to be placed in the seale against even “the risk of digsunion.” When later news reaches him, what will he think of the folly of the republican politicians (we cannot call them statesmen) who net oaly have risked disunion by their insane persistence in asserting the dogmas of their unconstitutional platform, but have actually produced the dismemberment of the confederacy, and the formation of a sepa- rate independent government out of the broken fragments? Low will his alarm “and the alarm of all the friends of human improvement” be increased when they find that within three weeks of the adjournment of Congress and the inauguration of the new President Bo compromise, no concession, has been made by the republican party. As for the Southern States, they have no concessions to make, for they are the aggrieved party, and the Northern States have no complaint to make of aggres- sions against the rights and liberties of their citizens. All that the Northern States can complain of is retaliation: but they are un- doubtedly the aggressors. They are the first to break the compact of the constitution, and they ought to be the first to return to its prin- ciples and make reparation for the wrongs they have inflicted. After that is done then it will be the proper time to appeal to the Southern States to refrain from hostilities and to reunite with (he North in the bonds of eternal friend- ship—a Union never to be dissolved, Lord Brougham’s letter may be regarded as a warning as well as advice. The develope- went of public opinion in Europe is every day becoming more hostile to the poliey and pre tentions of the revolutionary republican party, who have pushed their ideas to the extreme length of breaking up a government which is admitted by all lib statesmen in England and throughout pe to be the best the world has yet seen, Then it is not for the in- terest of European nations to haye their com- merce interrupted or their supply of cotton stopped by a wasting war between the North ern and Southern States, and Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet will receive everything but encourage- ment from Europe if it undertakes a hostile ex- pedition against the revolted States of the Sonih. Awesemeyts or THe Poties.—The Metropo- litan Police Commissioners claim—and we are quite willing that their claim should be al- lowed that their men ave very much superior to the old foree, under the control of the Mayor and Aldermen. The Metropolitans are fine looking fellows: they are well drilled; they wear splendid uniforms, and are, as the French say, well shod and well gloved. They patron- nize the fine arts, too, and may be seem con- stantly at the galleries of paintings, the con- certs, the theatres and the Opera. The mana- gers pay one or two policemen a dollar each to render some services, the nature of whieh seems to be altogether unknown to anybody except the parties concerned. In addition to this engaged corps, we find at every large puh- lic gathering a number of volunteer guards, some in uniform and some in plaim elothes. Our reporters have eounted as many as forty police devotees of the drama in the Rroadway theatres on one night. At the Light Guard Ball last Thursday night, there was a very strong po- lice force posted at various points, for the pur- pose, apparently, of preventing people from going where they wished to go. and obliging them to proceed in some direction quite oppo- site to their desires. At the Opera-matinee yes- terday six policemen were detailed, but more than twice that number were distributed about the house, while ihe stage was ornamented by a captain, sergeant and several patrolmen in full uniform. What is the maiter? Is it pre- sumed that treason lurks in the covligses, or that the dancing young men aad the belles of Madison and Vifth avenues purpose to eu} each other's throats: Or is ita fact, as some people say, that the police concentrate them selves in the centre of the city, where their services are not only useless, but their offi- cious conduet is in the highest degree im- pertinent and anuoying, leaving a very few men to guard the thinly seitled districts above h street. Latterly the General S ayerin- tendent complained bitterly of the scagtiness of his force, and asked the Superyivox for more men, which were given to him. Does he Tir Caner ov rim Txcomixe AvMixinena viox.—From all that we can learn, the only Cabinet appointments which have yet been made by the President elect are Mr. Seward and Mr. Bates, the head and the tail of his ministerial establishment. The body of it re- mains still to be chosen. Meantime there is 9 desperate movement afoot among the republi- can radicals to get Seward overboard: for they regard him as the unfaithful prophet Jonah, celled ia cies ving, bones cua | OVO AS Pacey eene, Sete - ‘ and operatic brigade? Tf so, we hope. ha will, earth to keep Cameron, a conserv: ive, com- | aeiail some of the. more expericnaed. efftroa promise man, out, and to Dell ae to the lonely beats in Brooklyn andthe ng yrth- Chase in, who is a fall henerer. in the | orn part of the isl They haye-had play rng gm ee eed cai enough, and showld be made to work 9 litile, oles s e y be com- if ii is only for the movelty of the then, pelled to resort to the Peace Conterence at Washington to compromise the Cahinet squwb- bles among his own household. Ati here we are reminded that John Tyler, President of eaid Peace Conference, was a very good Cabi- net maker in his day, Strangely enough, in this connection, he had one Cabinet shockingly slanghtered by a “peacemakes”—the big gun of that name on board the Princetom but he very soon found the right materials for a new Cabinet. There as « last vesort, if Mr. Lincoln cannot otherwise peaceably procure a Cabinet, let him apply to John Tyler, of the Peace Conference; tor he, though too late for the steamboat on leaving the White House for Virginia, was never ot a toes in the matter of a Cabinet, though leit without a parly ta suppar) him, Perhaps, too, » Cabinet for Mr. Lincotn, appointed by Jobn ‘Tylor, a8 & peace move- ment, would be an acceptable eonpronice ty the Old Dominion, Who knows A Prnwaneyt Cosstrrerios.. dit. weems, aller all, that since the 11th inst, the ‘Provisional Congress of the seceded Flakes as been o0- cupied upon Gw work of a perw~inont federal constitution, R. TB. Rhett, of Sow th Carolina, a¢ the head of the committee. bw. the republican party, then, look to the horde. slave States, or they may yet slip threagh ¥ cir fingers, Tre Wan Cosnouseia is rae Reevaiiea Cawr.-The fight whiak, tamo off the other oren- ing in Washingtow, Méowoea Mr. Kellogg, a ai- gaatic republican member of Congress from Mlinois, and a M¢, Medill, a weekly editor of leading repubsicnn paper ia the same State, will afford ¢ome idea of the nature of the “ir repre thie confict” whieh i developing itself iia the republican camp. My. Lincola, ta his speech at Pittsburg, advised bis friends * on the other side of the river’? (the people of Me