The New York Herald Newspaper, January 20, 1861, Page 2

2 is estimated that the deaths of emigrant children arriving at this port under Sve years of age, are as two and two-thirds to five living, and those wader two years: as three and « half to five. Dees not the preseutation of this fact coil for immediate attention from these who possess (he power to interiere in preventing—at least to some extont—this deplorable eacriiice of buman hte? To mark this statement wilh greater pree the turther fact should be adduced thst wost of (ie n who ar. rive in this city from foreign porte aithough suttering from the effvets of a protracted voyage baa aecowm dations and worse fare, do not bring with them any miarked disease Deyond those which, with proper care, mursmg and wholesome air, could not be easily overcome. The causes, then, of” this excessive mortalily must ho sought for ia this city, and are readily traceable to the wretched habitations in which parents and children are forced to take up their abode. Iu the contracted alloys, the under- grounb, murky and prstilentiat cellars, the tencment house, With 18 hundreds of occupants, Where each cook, eat and elep ina single room without fight or ventila, op, surrounded with fitch, anatmosphero foul, footid und ‘eudly, with none to console with or advise, or to apply to for relief when disease invades them ‘And how , is Uais state of things, which mark with shani the great city of New York, to b¢ remedied? Tho perv cr of remedy does Kotrest in me, bor in the depart Inent over Which Ihave the honor to preside, but is to be foynd ip the erection ot hospitals for the sick chil dren of (ge destitute, where they can be removed from the fatal atmosphere of these abodes of death, these nurseries of disease and contagion, to other places of refuge, where key Can haye Wholesome food, clothing and medical attendance. | Yo treating of ifantile mortality the fact must mot be overlooked, thet the number of children who die under five years Of age is greater than the whole mortality betwoen five and Sixty years of age, aud this tov wa city where it 's shown hy statistics chat the mean du ration ot home. lite is growter by three and. a half per | ceut than m the cities of Europe. The adoption of any | meave Which would tend to dimmish this mortality, | would’sabserve the interests of Lumanity, while” con- tributing to the public w FAiES RATION, in View of the importance to the city of a general sy tem of ‘statisticn! ro ,,istPAtfon, a Jaw was passed making its peal obiigation on the part ot muusters ant physi- cians to furnish this depariment with regular and exact returns of ruarpiages, Dirths cud deaths comiog under , their professional coznizance. For vorious reasons this | wise avd enevolept statute has failed of success, In- | deed, 80 fat a8 the object contenplaies by the Liv is con corned, the results are thus far cptirely unsatisia: tory. Soon after my itute ity oftlce 1 took measures to carry the provisions of the lawinto effect, iG Lo tat. end addressed cuculurs, wiih acupy of the slitofe, 10 every clergyman and paysician of tue city homes and adayess Leould obtain, AnBOULCIng the Lions of the law andthe penalty for Aon-com yliaabe yrovisions. In reply to circular tus ad- San answer from un eminent divine of | Whig snan Catholic persuasion, peremptorily | io comply With the proveiey the saw, for an og ouhe rs toat frequeatly standing in a coud dental ro ek With parties joming ix marriage, a com- | paanee with the statute wonid involve a: violation of that contide: ce. In this dilemma nothing seem d left to him, accordug to bis sepse or duty, but to sel the | law ‘at det the constitationality of the law was | equity denie ppogition threatened to its enforce- | ment, Toull your attentiia to the subject, that sneh re- | mody as imay be neesful may be appli-t, either to give | vitality to ot inopo ative statnte, or co adopt in meut more likely to prove of practi- “pubowing the suggestions of the Archbishop, the Ca thoiic clergy have ure refused t> furisi ihe | department » Statistical inquiries re- | the muusters of other uutious yield a empliance with the law, while ing against the partiality which requires an obedi euce from them whieh it does not enforce up all who . aView of its provisions. To the aw but they iuost upon ther right claimed by those of the Cathy nat the kaw a Fas Nev 1 in its opera t that the svives a Cathole eler- from complyig with ually absoives them, | altiogh (hey do hot advance ag an excuse for this pro- | test or rerogal sround It ts neither my provin constiuationality of the q teciged by the proper tabural be enbmiiter but the cone that if the interpset to all n given to tine frou the aw are also inter pos: al faculty on the grouuds rp ee ost ferehoe with bui Qheir time and equivalent, forgetting that their pre aud publishing of 5 portant bemetit b: my duty iug or can ve ma jee to the in thi ation which is ¢ ul to sejape H auch importane g the © been must active urging the cane of whose le or some years post tn sanitary reform ity in e present tas on | noe some enactra character, with aecompavying powers, to give them full vigor and effet. AS tne pie sent stem existe, this departrvent bas exercised alt | the limited authority with w is clothes, avd its duty is futfilled names of the uvlia 4 t Fr author.ties having the ultimate | rol over the co rect But to the cause of science, philanthropy and ba Manity, and in aid ot the cause of justice, tucre remains i a puldie duty to npho'd the laws. If th forced, we would present thé undesirable being the only country Christan Ww being the solitary exe withest ap t of regis'ration. Its m ty is. conceded by all of the continent of Rurope without regard to its politient Yslemof government or ibe form of its region. a subject we ywing from the nine the k ad of En, u ta tem tons Minister o. Commerc ip ISS, and bas announced lie invention orwace an foatia Treiand in of Eure Tr remarking »pon this 9 of Ireland, in Lis report of 19% Tt is therefore gr during tive late this important » law, and reter of Being the o reculee and wy tear General y mthe e births, aed deaths of te people It heome unnce ary to comment on the value of an éflicient eystem of registration, or its ef .scertain nd determining rights of property dependint bott on births and de } ery member 6 legal pr ion must acknow iow efticiont it may prove in aiding the eause of | tics, and how deeply it ie inte en with dome relation pected with the question of inheritane Of Utieg to estates, Apert from these imjfortant cops. | derations, the subject ‘s of grent interest im a local ag | sell ne geREFAL port oF y government that | sets valve On Statistioal retur would regerd them as near plete without the conn f the tobles whieh record the progress of the population. In France, # Ca tholic county. there exists a double system of regiet Clon of marring eiwiland ee jastieal, and the same tystem is iat f OUT Mtates, { Tt can hardly b that the State of New York, a Lherab in the spirit of its enactments, should depart from & pokey intended to promote the best interests of hor | citizcm, by yielding to the opposition of sectartaus and of those members of the medical profersion who ai wilting to suffer 4 momentary incony ‘or tae eon . and comfort of the u r powers of | used ne citizens con in uw way be better | proved n joiwing in contributing whut they | ail classes of mentic able to give, their co-of | carry my these reyristration laws into effect, and either | oppesition or abw ilinguess from cach a quarter, comes (ow the very Inet source from whieh the public as reason to expect it, So tar ay the objections prescated > Archbishop are @oncerned, the policy or Catholic countries and of the gover nt ue very head of thet denomination of Christians, proves how litue they aro nd in consonance with @ot voly an obedience to thy cw. bul the spirit whicagererns the civil aud eccte Ceol satherities of other Bounties. STREET CLEANING. b the mouth vember last tue appropriation for | ng streets Bécame exhuisted, and in consequence ai Work thereon was suspended, with the iva of | ths remove public henith One 0% the £ whee and garbage, which neither the ot conventenee would allow to xecumulate. fteets of this anfortunave suspeusivn is wow pisit'y visible in the present condition of our streets, | 4 fault oot clmrgesble to ibis department, but in conse- B32 Re laving ore taken from the approprin d for a quired hy this department for street (your. The additional ap- oprudion of $36,600, voted by the Common Gouneil in ecensber last, WAS require Ls meet Ihe Largely iucreas- ing end daily inourring ex pens ein removing the nshes and garbage of tic rly oom EOF wtecet cleaniry is undoubtedly at lenat tt thought to be so by those who have ‘hut an imperfect knowledge of the amount of Lu which is daily per. formed. Buy when !t w considered that there are three pimdred miles of paved streets ia this chy wien are 10 be Swept, many of thom daily, and the ashe and garbage to be remo red frosn these strevts every twenty {wr hours, the amount expended cannot be regar le! as in wny way large oF unnccensary 4 ed last cleaning if my eetinave of q his department was not ded in any on year for the satne object for thy Ivst Ave yours, notwith- | Standing Ue large incense of population, and the it ditwnal, work whieh las devolved upon’ this depart ment in consequence of the laying out and paying of new arects a=d avenues %y the city, It well the tact should Be understood, that with the coustantly inorens. ng peplilation and im provements of the city, the yourly expeures ¥. this dopa tment must proportionately in crease, nbd there ie wo remedy for (hia state of things if the Of the dovartment is ty be properly por formed coutract «stem of -treet clear ng, aithougn ofven' har in every inetanrs proved a faiture: bit It of the undersigned. Specifications ant tie dle which Laid been ncoyted years ngs, nav re ordaines in the wen revived er it of the Lerporation Se Of 1890, were advertiee: Inst your by the un | remove. tuediote recourse with summary p at to mitigate or remove the nuisanc erstecd that large pe rv p ofles property of this eh re more in¥ wan other deseriptions of real tale | compel the landlord to see that the tenements are k | forme an exetagive department, * ieepital, with | health of a vity NEW YORK HERALD, SU dersigned, and bids received, the award made, and sent ty the Common Covneil for confirmation, and rejected. ‘The rejection, it 1s understood, was made on the ground that the specificagiors were imperfect, and did not con- (ain a suilicient guarantee to the city for the faitatul performance of the work, On the 7th day of September, 1860, a resolution direct. ing the City {nspector to prepare specitications for cleat ing the etreets was hed by both Dranches of (he Com non Couneil and sent to his Honor the Mayor, who vetoed tt. AMO again on the 15th of December last’ a resolution vas acopted by the Common Council requirwy the City Inepector ty advertise certain specification. prepared by Um, and to rece-ve proposals for cleatiing the streets for « term of not more then five years, and to return the biG 80 reevived to the Mayor aiid Common Couneil for tbe'r award and action thereon. This was complied with, and on Saturday, the 20th day of December last, the bids were r ceived, and on Monday following were returned to the Mayor and both Bggrda of the Common Council, For myseif, { should¥eceive with pleasure the assur- ance that a contravt containing the proper specifications hod been mace with a responsible party or parties wo do the work of street cleaning, and t know that this work would be pertormed to the satisfaction of the public and this department. Nieavy expenses are incurred by this department, arising from the pasiignaet 508 indifloreace of contrac- tors and others in ing down new pavements or re- pairing the old, building or repair sewers, laying water pipes, &€., &e., who invariably leave ‘bebind, atter their work bas ‘been completed, larze quantities ot sind and dirt which this department is compeilea to An ordinance of the Common Council—now re- pealed—required the contractor to receive from this department ® vei {uieate showing that he had removed ail sveh sand aud dirt from the street before he could ob- ob payment for the work done. It is of much import- avee that # similar ordinance should at once be passed. ‘The system of cleanng the streets at night, recom. mended in my last auuual report, was pul inty operation Uspring and was continued through the summer in the lower wards of Uh complete success of the experiment warrants @ reiteration of & previvas recom: snencetion to the Common Council that hereafter all of che princi, al or leading streets be swept at night. For turther particulars 1 reter to the tables annexed, Whieb show the amonnt of iabor performed and work ¢ for the year 1860 by this department, in the Burean ot Cle unity The present conditionof our public markets, with but very 1ew exceptions, is # disgruce to the city. ‘AS for conv ce, whether to the buyer or seller, the term cannot be allowed. To the visiter they suggest evory thing but au age of retined ctvilization, They are a singular agglomeration of rotten wood, worn out masonry and coliected filuh, without system in their consirncuon, or any visible appearance which would en- | wWle the stranger to discover Why they are permitted to cust -hould ths description ba regarded as woo extra- Vegant dovbt upon the subject cun be readily remev cu by a Visit eftber to the Washington or Fulton mar- kets. Instead of riciding a revenue to the city, they aro a barden upon its treasury. They cannut be repaired, for there is Bothing to repair, while their demolition would xive satisfuction to all. Such is Lhe average coudition of ibe pubhe toarkets of the city ot New York. Oar city authorities are delegated with power to improve upon the 1G &Y ste tion of markets of solid structure, « convenience to the public, and at the same time orna- ments to the city. Such a building in every respect is the pre market, sinew my last report this market has been com- pleted aud nearly every stand is now occupied. Care has been taken in the Jaylng out, ge lo arrange the stands as to give to each brauch of trade a proper and suitable 1o- cation for the sale of its commoaities. This mode of ar- rangement has given, so far a3 { can learn, gcnerat satis- tucton, and the appearance of the market at this moment is in every respect cred:tabie to the city. Tn issuing per. tuits Gare has also been taken to give to all persons occu- pying stands in the old market the same location in the new, crus hearly seas porsible. In no case have new permits been granted without previous inquiry into the character of the reeever. Aduitiopal markets are required tn that part of the cit; where at present none exists north of Fourteenth street, containing by far the greater portion of the territory of tho ety, and nearly one-hait of tts population. { would recom mena the créotion above Fourteenth street of two dmurkets, One on che borth and the other on the east side ct the city. During the past year there has been less unbealthy meat abd articles of food exposed for gale than in the vear previous; a circumstance whieh rust be attributed clieby to the efficient services of the meat inspectors of. several yartinent, assisted by the clerks of th be TENEMENT BUTIDIOS, € on previous cecasion# invekad your earnest at- to the evils atten: ing the neler of tpatclass tor numerous & ots under one roof ied lenemeut bow Their inconveniences, (he small nt ot accommodation provided for lodgurs, their al- oval Want of any system of ventilation, the dangers t upon them im case of conflagration, and the ap- 1 defiance of the laws of heatth which seems to be uncer which they are constructed, have been eubjeet of communications from this department, white the voice of the public has been unauinvus in admatting the ¢ lature at Aibany has ‘ ed ibe Robjec g its consideration nd auction. While on the one hand the dwellings intended for the comfort of the rich are constructed with a view to every contort, und every bew convenience «hich the utilitarian seiebes of the day bas introduced, there appears to be a abeepee of these improvements 1 that class of iwelings which seem to be bu It on the rule of giving the least pose ible accommodations for the highest possible rent, S¢ if hua Deings were bat commudities on storage, the calevlation seems to be, how many may be packed are j inugiven space. If nent iv Co be made by scientific men, as to with how littic of light or pure air ffe may w there are ample opportunities of testing bes xamination of these vast colle B of chine eng wht ands of our citizens sic uf necessity contined, fact of those Clore aggre under cireumrt inces which ret ance with the cleapline r ravag 4 of diseese and postr'eace, great, abe that thas it far gs are of dwell the ophealthiness of their { hot tho fess forcibly ap Hut to suppose that the tes the tuhabitante of - Himnited (o the bounds ppose hat the b b our whar walis of the jes of they hin th Sof the The Und its way fi id Lot tect at in ling their of tho word tenement hy nply everything that is cloeo, uncom ubhealthy fo means nothing am Via a te aw der of accomodations under one rect, eal ve th for the amd refiny » idea, in weulthy t for that end. + trie enter these exon if proper regula of these 1.02 these smnall, ov i no power to grant ot my repeat the mmunieation, med pre: ment houses, ribing the there ¢ jnestinn that they may be adop number of persons in. one room, hotding = th anilord «responsible in serions ite vtoliti WW should be maa! police to visit somett I tenoments, of rt to the Hoard 5 £, Wo this oflice, the number this crowds ack r a visit his neglect vo co cu marily cul at to him. Kw tor hy sets at de interest of the p h and safety we at hie merey. we h ¢ pt nthe misorable one of his own | be made to Buiter in proportior f dufianee rwith*which he trest# tse rest + onmunity, i eu PKering OF permitting (he endangering of the general slready exist in relation to the vor ldingt, and th ald be Do vie tin the enactment of additional atatates or ordi voviding for the manner of coustructing tena mMebt buildings, #0 a8 to eecure hadis ad corridors of saf. ficient width, staircases of proper saivty, drainage and ite ate Jmiwion of Light and the fre cireuls Aud with (hess linpi nits and | the author jeltetion, and the sum votion and puntets quencies, these constructions, instead of bei werodit to the city aud a eorions drawback to ‘is health, would he made models of nyat- ness abd cleanliness to the Inmates and ore. titabie to the eity The city of New Vork bas already conatrnotet one Lendred and seven aud a third tiles of sewers, The city of London haa constricted abont two th ueaud tiles, the business of construction being entrusted toa com huteion, whose duties are contioed to thie department of service: while #o important i@ this branch of policy in relation to the public health rega:ded, that even in the rural districts, similar offices exist, ciothed with all the powers necessary to carry their duties into eivcty and there i@ not a district in the kingdom in which theae sewers are not brought into requisition, The con fvuction and suporvision of sewer, 18 not meroly an jueitental branch of sauitary regulation aa with us, but whieh onlists in its ervice the aid of the most scientific mdiriduals, Reine re iret greet necesmity towards the ¢ health, other regulations for jel are cor sidered a4 secondary to fet tor the prev rvation of the salabrity e ari wax not pad to it aa the first ‘ jntions are subordinate, al. The idea of « fever HRLOn weeld be no more an for the preservation of the fh 8 fyRtom of Rew not the very 1 mo which it was te be baged. | yeieians of ‘sil theories in regard to the production and spread of dinewse, no matter what may be thoir dif ference of opinion. in elation either to ite origin or ite treatment, will be found to agree on this point. Whethor the pestilence be of foreign origin or epring ap in our Te uo it, ane any pr of citles, in w on maly thon ® eee miést from local causes, its aggravation aod its fatalit, may ahke be ascribed to the existence of the ‘poleonuus material we have referred (0, ana whieb 1t is believed it is in the power of human pki! in # very considerable de- gree to banizh from us. dhe city of London contains about ope hundred and twenty-one square miles, which may be represented by { tract of lana eleven miles wide und eleven miles long; whue the eity of New York containg about twenty-four square mules, or twelve miles long and $w> injies wide, Jn London, in the sixteenth century, with a pupulation far lees than it bas at present, the average rate of life was twenty years, or fifty deaths to every thousand living. Av the present day the average of life in that city is thirty seven, und mortahts twenty-five to every thousand living. ‘This improvemeat in the health of London, as statec by the Regisirar General of Eng land, is “attributable principally to the present system of sewernge apd drainage.” construction of sewers in this city is of comy tively recent date, many of them having been built in 1838; urd until 1849 they were of suck imperfect sonstruc tien that it has become necessary to have thew rebuilt. While credit is justly due to those who, at that late period had commenced their co-operation’ in. the work of sanitary res, yet it is but a commencement ut- terly inadequate to the wants of our constantly crowding population; and while congratulating ourdvlves that the work har at last begun, and its favorable results, how- ever partially developed, still apprectated by the public, it is to be hoped that it will be persevered in to compie- tion. Iti to be regretted that in many important in. stonces there has been too little attention given either to the material, solidity or capacity im the construc tion of our sewers, according to the existing contract ays tem, based on the’ idea of cheap work and early complo- tien; and how long will be the endurance of some of theee Works go constructed it would not, perhaps, be pro- por to estimate. It 18 Not unjust to predict that in a very few fears many of the sewers now constructed and being conatructed will be almost useless and involve the necessity of others at far greater cost than if originally y should he, to last to a far distant posterity. such is the decision ot our best engineers and practical imecbunies. If any comthent were necessary upon the results liable to fow from the ineitioieut congiruction ‘of public works intended for the wants of oar city it has been furvisbed in the recent accidents to the main con- ductors which supply the city with water. Now that the danger bas been happily escaped, we may indeed lock with thankfulness on the Pro: viaence which averted any disaster; but it is With Lo feelings of ecmplacency that we reflect that this disaster, had it occurred, would have beou owing to our own inattention or disregard of the solidity of our public works, under our system of contracts, aud equally bur em of accompishirg results in’ buif the time oc- every other people in the world. If, in this cage, evils of such magnitude ‘were impending, what secu: rity 18 there against the recurrence of simitar evils in the eace of works of underground construction, many of the detects of which inay be easily hidden froin the eyer Tho very expression of “deficient construction” is one which wus never known to be applied to the monumonts of use- fulness which remain to attest the devo:ion, the wisdom and philethropy of eras, which we have been taught to consider us unchhightened compared with our own, For- tunately the rewedy is as ready as the evil is apparent. As we have adverted to the fact of the appointment in Great Britain of officers specially designated for the pur pose of sewerage, the work thus pertormed, ovt for im lnediate exigencies alone, but with a view of the greatest Gurabifity though of higher immediate expense, proves to be of far greater ecopomy in the end, wh ie 12 purposos ot aiding in tho preservation of the public health are dou. Diy realized. If we may be allowed to retar to the examples of other nations whose history goes back to remote periods, we would point to the ‘city of Rome, which, after having under gone all the mutations to which it is pessible a haton can be subject, still preserves in part those most interesting, as they are the most useful, monu- ments of human industry and kill, in the underground constructions tor the preservation of the health of her citizens, la the boasted advances of mogern civiliza tion and refinement there is notbing found to surpass theao works in thotr adaptability to the purposes for which they were intended. ‘The question of immediat: expense, when compared not with the wants of existing, but of future ages, did not seem to emburruss their constructors. As they were built fora far distant pos. terity thoy havo achieved the purposes of their found ors,and aupid the destruction of other mounwents of art intended Lo perpetuate the memory of great events or achievements, they remain the | useful mouument of the highest antiquity, capable of ministering to the health aud comiorts of the present, and adequate to the necessities of the most remote future. They pro the underground railroads and cauals which drew away dis- ease and iet turth the pestilence from its hiding places to aissipate in the free air. The sewerand the aqueduct traversed Keane inevery direetion; and whether above or below the ground, these highways of heaith were a - ways kept unobstructed, It is doubly remarkable tut mert of these constructions weré not made duing the highest eivilization of Rome, bat Belong (0 a period so far remote as to be cennceied with the names of her very founders, aud that Abe) were regarded as the first necessities of a settled communi( eu in ages which ancient Distory itself has characterized ay sem barbarous. The health of their subject wimed to Lave been thé ambition of the rade rulers ef thege days. The example which we quote, though it might seem as out of piace, is interesting ag a pacison between the localities of old ome and New York. ant gos farto prove tbat a system of sewerage and drainage hae boen regarded the first necessity of a densely settled community It wonld almost seem at if the first settlers of New York, and of those who for many years succeeded. them, had regarded the locality of our city as 86 highly favored by l'rvvidenco for the preservation of health that litde or not ig Was Wanting in the skill of man to make that {h permanent. tia, nevertheless, an incontroverti- Lie truth that, even under elreuinstances the most favor- sy far as natural causes ase concerhed, for the pro- on cf health, yet, when geumupities Desome 1, when the vices whith seem to by ants of -ivilization are the agteadant results contact of buman beings, consia@t vigilance is ill necessary for the evntinuation of a healthy ovudl- tion, Ax to the necessity of the exércisoof this vigilinee, Leunn t better describe the situation of # city carelessly ated in her sanitary condition than by Cranseribiug the langvage of an Epglish publication on the subject of By giene xd superficially con- sirnieted rilowing, imperfeo! tra ‘sepoul ta Mtby condiion of the earth's surrace, and mot the tidal rivers inte clade ave the fruitful causes of fevers, diarrhoea and and in auy one spot of great re is probably no aubj 0 grapple With, eaperially nage and sewerge that antes this be by the hand of man and (o nations bo compler. 6 f Wit be how fo 95) of large cities; y eftectually done, an a timate \ 10 dynasties, to Ide not kuc press more forcibly in language Ot any one th mdition and necessities of our city, and further commentary upon a pleture so forcibly drawn Would almost seem to be unneecs*ary Hut there i her point abwotutely included in the shove extract to which T beg to call your a m, uid in regerd to which uttle novice” has token compared with its importance. It is the depositing of the se into our slips, which thes sre allewed to fll up, thus creating an atmuephere highly deleterious to Wealth, and of great tothe city. Tt ie demonstrates that 2 o posited Un terzoes suintion, a part eeeapmng, uumosphere in the shape of mephetic gases, find their way to t bottom the edge of the river which, apo the falling ot the Docome exposed 10 the son and emit potsonous eftluvia, In cerwin districts of Fa Was is deodlo- rived by ebemsictl py ‘ane the elect trom its expo sure made comparat harmless. Bat tals process is at oc. expeusive and impracticable when applied t> great citus. In fondon this eowago is cmptied into the Tomes, bot the biitieh government hase become mined that this jong emploved receptacle bra at last Decome Cve huded with the repeated accamulations of WU, aud mensures are On foot to prevent, if possibio, tae 8 which a longer coutim of the custom wil be ce, The same cifficulties present them. 4 the Freneh government, aiued by the experience of im to distover aicpedy Ys it not tune thot the of Now York should institute sons sures to effect a situilar result, before our slips become choked up with the porsonons eponiie of the city, while the empty ings of the sewers lowed, with the additional result ot vg them sp nt rendering them comparatively inaccessibie to pavi on ‘The daily mass of matter which has to fined ite harge by towne ol sewers and otherwive iu the city is extinnted ina report before us on sewerage, from whieh we quot The combs bated at Hf allen per di cht hich for ihe | y of Lowey. mati eed seve hupured gal fe daily In separ weive thor ew York eity, 4 Uhix matter bas to find nto the waters Of our FIVeUR. nut) ority, in treating this subyect fearful consequences which Yn it8 way direct ¥ o¢ indirect A high bagghah amo.tiead Rays — veratt fren th repre. m0 stood. wt 0 rad, by ing, #e ing. mint of the comraunity at EN, LO WAY FLCTD Bo C1 Hive U) the beatth and lve but more expceimily ot whowe ase OMLiONA Hee thel only and hourly expoture to apd re of 08 pernicious Infiuence, Unless tht monstrous and sui. digi «vii be atayed, Londen will uitrmately beeome the hithed of phagne ad perUlence, and must, asa consanence, be d> populated ane deserted, und numbered with the cities’ of the world which Lave Been DRAINAGE, Next in importance to on eflicient sewerage for the preservation of the health of « etty is « bey sterm ot drainage, They are eo intitnately connected chat to speck of one brings at onee in ection all the requirements of tho other, the ono is the recviver aud the depository of fre fith and of the feenl envanatious of the jutubi- tante of the city, while the other ia equally effective in freeing from fevers and pestilence those loralities whieh, without their interposition, would be the natural abodes of wicktcer disease, Various lveniitien 6 aro replete with examples where disease wou rrem to be indigenova, necessarily to remain fo until the appliances of sanitary lawa can be brought to bear upon it, either to modity ite virulence or ts oxpel it. ‘The jower part ‘of Whe elty, near the Mattery, may bo men: tioned! ax one instance, another i# that seution of the Sixth ward near the Tor another that part of Cherry Birect where the besements and cellars are titled at timer hy the notion of the tice: and localities tn the Fighth Vk venth and Seventeenth wards, where there iv no drain age, of at beet a defoctive one; and we find that the mor tality in these jocalitier exceeds that of any other section of the city, Tt is in these apote that the feeding places of disvaee keom to exist, acd wheneve, it presenta iteolf in a virulent form, and particularly in the shape of yellow fove. and Asiatie cholera, it & here that its ravages are the first to appear ang the moat diffentt tores et. This fact bas forerd iteelf upou the attention of all of our citizens, non-professional as well as professional, who have taken any notice of the ‘Vieiption #0) malignant diseases which have at different visited ou city. With these facts and cone. ‘0 t, if aeems strange that 60 [i tie atention hae heen given to tho subject compared with Ite gront im peetance, It is eubmitted that no fanitary eystem, no how frithfully ite offices may be fulfilled, can { —_, desirable state of efficlepey until # predimi- Lnries to the preservation of the public health shall have heen establinhed a8 the laws of the system. To guard sgoivet the introduction of disease is Lo easy task, bat where it bel) have been introdueed, to check its Licrease Dy the removal of the cauaes which give to it @ moze in- Aevse maligpanty isa labor not aiffioult of perform voce if we addres ourselves to the subject with a determina- | tion to do all in our power to impair its maliguity. k ‘The importance of free drainage is well unuerstood in Loudon and in the large cities of the Continent, aud the results baye equalled the expectations of the most san- guine. In the Ivcalities of this city which we have pointed out 4 dry cellar is am unusual thing, and yet these places of diease are the abodes uf thirty thousand homme beings, and of the very classy most likely to yieid | to the altucks of disease. In the upper jurt of the city, running northward, and in Iecu ities WhCTe preparations may be made in advance, | and with compacutive economy to guard against the un- | pending evil, & population is fast crowding, to be exposed {o the sume evils, unless precautisbs wre taken im advance to render those Wistricts salubrious by « proper system of drainage. In the paying of streets or avennes no ab- tention has been had to the original topography of the island, oud this neglect only enhauces the aiificuities Which at some future day must be met with greatly In- creased expeuse and teonvenience, Marshy grounds, which are bot unfrequenily from ten to tweuly feet ho- low the grade of tbe etreet, are somotimes filled up with: out the slightest attention to drainage, seemingly with the idea that if We Can only conceal the pestilential spot from the eye, We have removed the cause of the pesti- erce, or per baps with the more thoughtless but not less economical view of allowing posterit} to take its own risk of sickness or health, £0 long as the present genera- tion cseapes. Tt hig pernicious system of inatvention to the public health 15 exercised on ground of economy, it is cnough to say that if the city is not prepared to in- cur the cxpense i a proper system of drainage in these localities, sat expense should be imposed on the owners ci property to be affected by that system, and ths should bo attended to before that part of the city is died \p wilh acrewded population, which is now forcing ite way in that direction, Jn theso localities it is observable that while the ori- ginal type of disease Once prevalent becomes changed or modified with the Ging up of these unhealthy spots, and the consequent acecssion of population, yet oisease in 1 i8 alypost sure to appear. Thus the diseas« valent in the east side of the city, from the com- mene tot Yorkvitle to Hariem, known as the fever and and which has been nearly driven away since the crection of buildings and filing up of marshy gious 8, have been suoceeded by intermittent, biliens ane other fevers, which, as the populativa inereases, will conunue to spread and take the ty pe oi saalignity, Even locuiities Of futbionyble resort. in the very heart of our city, where taste and wealth have erected mausious of the moet elegant and costly character, are pomted ont for Wicir unhea:thiness, and the cause ‘is vt once traced to inciticient arainage. in these cases the cause of this negicct cannot be atiributed to the parsimony or iuabi- lity of the preprietors te take the necessary steps fur the preservation of health, but it seems to be t qucno of the want of a system properly enforced by the authorities, in co-operation with which property hoiters would vellingty Jota, for tho sake of their own omfort ond the value of their property, even if not act. ed by higher considerations. But no one mn can ai except in coppoction with a system, while, were such @ ssstem established by the authorities, it would be the interest of these proprietors to jom in it, even without the necessity of legal entoreements. A report upon tho sanitary state of the by soutbward Smith expresses a very strong to the injurious effects of deficient drainage, and so lati mate does that gentleman couceive its connection to be with the presence of disease that he observed before the committee that:— If you were to take & map and wark out the distriots which are the constant seats of fever in London, as ascertained by the records of the Fever Hospital, and at'the samo time com. pare it with @ map of the sewers Of the mctropolls, vou would Te tble to mark out iuveriably aud with absolute ceruattty where the sewers are and where they ure not, hy observing where fever exists, so that we ean always tell where the Con missioners of Sewers have uot been at work by the track of the tever. STONE PEERS. It appears from reports from the Comptroller's Depart- ment that the amount appropriated tor building aud re iring piers and docks for the last five years amounts to 84.000. For repairs alone the large amount of about > 600 bas been appropriated, and vet, with this great expenditure, there is not a city in the world of any com: merctal importance that does hot, in this reapect, present & vast superiority over our metropolis. If the positicn of our commercial greatness as a city is a source of admira- tion to atrangers and of pride to ourselves thero is another feeling, the very reverse of pride, for ie acoom- modation provited for that commores. The figures we have quoted secm to prove that it is not from want of expenditure of money that our shipping is not provided with sufficient accommodations. Bat both the reason for that expenditure and its constant continnance are tound in the ever ready practice of a false ccouomy, which, while limiting itself to the immediate exigencies of the present, thini:s little of that durability which provides for the future. Regarded ina merely economical point of view, there can be but tittle question that, bad wo be. gun, us w id have done, by the erection of durab: Stone piers and quays, their cost at this day woui reurcely have exceeded the expen of constant recon- struction and repairs to which we bave beeu subjected by a continuance ¢f the existing system, which continu. ally reqvire repairing, and which is never material now \ not only not of a durable nature, but it is impossible to give to it that golidity whieh is required by the constant service demanded by the public necesgities. Ta many parts of the city, ia the North and Kast rivers, the lithy condition of the piers, arising from various causes, Is & shame to ovr civilization, and presents an ebtrasiva of sicances to every ubserver, aud one which is capable of s remedy, ‘There can be but little question that the expenditure alveaty incurred m constructing, repairing und recou-! strngting these inadequate works, would have. bean sulligient for the conatruction of walls of grauite from the Buttery, along the Hudec: and East rivers, Of the most iid gud evduring r. Inmany ports of Eur tho date of the erection of these stone piers may be tra back to centuries, while, instead of being promoters of pestionce from the decaying nature of their matorials, &s is the case With us, Uiey are the great promoters of lvalth. That they weuld effect Uus result may be need from the fact that public sewers might connected with them without interference fr sinking or breaking of the pier. This we at once free our slips from the sewage now dis charged in them, while on the other hand, and by a copneetion with ‘the piers, much of the matter would be washed away by the strong currents of the river. In overy point of view, and particular! guards the heath of the city, this reform is caded for, and the work could be begua at thove points wh: fick Gt or imperfect piet# aro found, and where re old or the building of 8 ia Considered ned ‘There seems to { prevatent in the mind of ev citizen that the nist come when > piers wl built, For many years the same idea prevailed of the necessity of inVeducing, at some day, pure and Wwuols- nr city, hut th of expense pro- crastinated tho project year after year, until at last our authorities were urged upon the apparently bold enter prise. The compavative ease with which it was carrie into cor 1 has caused us to forget the buckward ich We entered opow ik, or he mlegivings of pense it might entail upon the ety. tem of building eur piers with ‘the most jurable material wali be the parent of similar results, and once fairly tested it wl be sure to avet the warmest approbation, as it wil! be equally sure to gnarantee the health, comfort and couvemeues of our citizens ana the Gnily nereasing necessities of our er mmerce. While it ig not directly within tay province to refer to the inadequate acconmmedations of vessels. yet those ac commudations are so nee: e-arily convected with the laws of health that have dwelt on it in this connection. ‘fhe Jaws reguimting health are but parts of the rogulations appicable to commerce, aud the accommodation of the former neereeartiy involves the care and preservation of the latter In the suggestions and mnmendations heretofure made on this subject it has been trested io 4 mere com- ereia] point of view, while ite effects ax a sanitary mer sure bave been overlooked; and yt is with th calling your attention to it in ‘bis light that Ihave tl Wt tipon it at Jongth VACCTSATION In connection with this subject it is an agreeable daty to refer to the invuluabie beueit which cur city annuatly receives from cur sev aries by their free system of vaceinat ir reports Bays: ‘They furnieh the most approved aud felt ble vaccine ma- terial, and ¥ he sed pee. who will allow bim- ell 10 be protected from wnt a jewense by this | recourse, because the great pubsie ived therefrom | renders the widext didusia of th muice the duty of all public medical charities; nly organi ed efficient among tire | cewe no pays | | It tg to be regrotted that it ix only in instances of | puviic viarm that vaccination is _more generally resorted | to, Whereas it should be wimong th ties of parents | to guard aguinst the mnlady by va . AL present ptmallpox i raging in two er more of our cities, and wo may have to annoti an carty day its existeace among ve. Duritig the part year the cases of smallpox in our city have not been witunually large, but uhere is in the past no guarantee that its visitation may not | come. Instructions from this ottles have been given | to the health wardens of this city to call the attention of the pobite in thelr respective districts to the necessity of | carly vaccination as a preventive ugainet the disease. ‘The police have it in their power materially to aid in this humane effort, and (tus hoped that they may recetve or. | dere to that eftect. The slight temporary inconvenience attending upon vaccination, and the great benefits almost certain to result from it, would justify the suggestion that iminigrante arriving in this city from foreign coun- triee ehould, betore leaving the Commissioners’ depot, be vaceinated, or that this service should be tendered to them through (he Commiesioners. This suggestion will, { think, prove both reasounb i «i feavibie, when it is uncerstued that a large majority of all vaccinated are foreign born while there can be ne time more opportune | than on the immediate arrival of Uhe emigrants in this city. The Commissioners of Em)yration would doubtless widingly ‘aid in carrying inte effect, even it they had not the power to enforce, (hie reguiation, aud with their co. operation an edditional rafeqnard would be guarantcod Againes the apread of thin dangerous Aiscasn, Tt ia alga recommended that a cortifiate of uccoasfa vaeoination #hould be required betore a child should ‘de allowed to enter a ic wchoot, It has been ob. rorved that the only certain preventive against the disenge ia the vaccination of every person in the community. While there can be ne well founded expectation of reaching eo comprehensive a tumult, yet it i not diffienit to obtain reasonable approximation to it, As cotopuleory taws hay» failed (o effect that result in England and in parts of (he Continent where they have been introduced, it wou! be unrersonable to attempt their enforcement bere. a appeal to the goud sense of vor citizens will almos suro to be answered by their DAY, JANUARY 20, 1861. general co-operation, Uiut {tis not always easy tv con. vince them of the immense danger until the diseass has actually exhibited iteelf with virulence in our mbist. Ta theeo days of gencral business prosteation the time ty nitend te this importrnt matter is afforded to thonsanda, and iC it were the duty of the potice to urge It upon the poorer clastes in their reapectice vrict® much might be effected in prevention of the epread of thi COUT PR O07 MB Swit, MI. In my last anpual report the subject of swill milk, its deleterious consequcices 0 the health of our people, and 1th almost fatal restits when givea to infants, was dwt opos at length. Without desiring to repeat im detail the views (hen more foliy get forth, 1 am cot elied to state that the evil continues to exist without the slightest abatement or vuy prospect of dimiuation, unless ths adoption of meaavies of Uhe most stringent character ary vesorted (0. Se far from there being any improvemen. in the quality of the mik, or im the character of Cie nutrment o4 which cows are fed, the very reverse would seem (0 be the case, judging from the humber of deaths among children to whom the mous COMPO LTA ig udministered 1 om frequently upeo by ine di. cal practitioners, tiring my attention to the subject, and soneiting that your interposition may be asked to pri Vout by ordipsice the further sale of this deleterioas mixture, Lam ussured by these gentiomen that a Jargo proportion of the inluptile moctality of the city is st- tvibutable to the use of ew!'t milk alone. Men ‘of sei- exce who baye iuvestigute! ‘ie subject have comme uubesitatingly to the couciusion “that a large proportion of the article tv which the name of mik is given for the purpose of furnishing a supply of & cemmedity so generally needed is composed of ingrecients and adwixtures of the most uuwbolesome character, which, added tu the milk of ais- eagcd und confined animals, makes it but so much slow j poison. ‘The demand for mulk is greater tan the supply of the pure article, and even when that supply is drawn from quarters at some distance from the city to be & temptation co adulterate that dealers cannot or Will not resist. Having alreney expressed inyself ab some | lepeth, and in the most earnest manner, in relation to this generally conceded evil, I neet add uo further de. talls to those already furnished. But I desire to enforce your attention to this evil complained of and adinittot by All clisses, aud to again recunmend, as a& summary , measure mest likely to strik th: root of the evil, the immediate abolishment of every Swill milk establishwent + from tbe island, and that the work be commneticed with. out dciay, The process should be summary and mine date, and until we shail bev cast asive ail lempouzing expedients, and the remedy shall have been thorougi'y applied without delay, it ts vei to hope for relied. THR PALE OF POISONS, ‘The frequent occurrence of dea bs during the past vear from poisens, ering iiom the ignorance or carelessness of the venders of drugs, has erestea deep anxiety im the public mind. A plan for the further prevention of the evil hes oven proposed by metbers of the medical facul ty romuiguted through (ue medical journals. In a lite pub ication of this class we tad the followmg upon the sunject, which is recommended for its simplicity and cy Le importance of adopting a simple precantion, su that of a'narros. te". in bottles containing potent inedieines, and on angula ‘votre for exterval applications alone, het r «) by those who know how ire’ i. a T the course of only afew years at + in the druggist’s shop oF with provented by a peenlia Thy ih the ion of the & frog ite eaniing the po- tent fd oF or {0 rat cad of running th a Fu Btre An, COU 140" the attention of the ma pulatur. ‘We do tha: this contrivance shoud supersede Ue nue! careinl preparation — 0. the label when this bas been accideniaily taisread, We do vot pi pose that shall superwde aay precaution, ~.\¢.uaid oF conscientious care now omployed forthe probes. ve preventing accidental poisoning, We de- Sire that: 1. be duperadded to all unese. In the subjoined Uist of fac -celdents and dey are chumerated in the publi- Is searee.y one waleh thls De adepied withour digi. iehee of the army partment, and of ‘at leas! one Large dispensing tabiishment, bas demonstrated its uppiieabiiily. It is hoped that, as tho attention ot one druggists are Dow calied to che sudject, they will not hesitate to make the changer recommende by the medical proteasion and Jom nals of the day ‘There already exista a statute regn- lating the sale of poisons, but, from evidence before us, it is little regarced EXPIAGIVE FLUIDS. Accidents of the mort serious charneter, ay confl ygra- tions involving great loss of property, and sometimes the Joes of life itvell, are not uniscquent attendants of the use of Lumning iiuids. Iscems idie tu urge that under the TabAgeDeUt Of CaULiOUS parsons these accidunts nerd not eceur, tor the samo reason might be urged in relation to the use of gunpowder, or kec ping of poisons in our hou! Nor ean it be urged in tavor of the use of these explosive fluids thar they have bevome nevessities in our stores and dwellings. Other substitutes aco tound which are witerly ‘W thout danger im their use, aud which minister to the Fame needs us those for which these dangerous fais are ved, und which at the same time can bo obtained at an equally mod see. ‘To prohibit thetr uo al- tog ether woule Cb " injustice nor in- re convenient ent Ordiwan + in reation fo the sievage and vending ‘ pewter, and why bot eu al authority: to leguolate Hove use ofan aldicle © Mable to abuse, hid 80 Tull oF peril covsiderate—for itis this very class wis n yo od to its dangors— itis not exes to understand, It 18 therorore submitted to your cobs’ cation whether provisic».canmot be made to guard agoist the cviis which spring from an anrogaiated Use Of theee Mangerous thids, se geveraily, and—in con sideration of the introduction of substitutes of equal use- fulnese—so unneersearily employe! by numorous classes of our citizens. Lam again under the necessity of calling your atten- tion to subjects reterrea to in my last annual report, which still exiet as abuces, not within the power of any remedy provided by existing ordinantes, APE !UILIINUS, ‘Tho frequci. lose of fe which we have to record dur- ing the pus! 5 ¢ area from want of proper construc- tion of buildtigs, calls for prompt and energetic action op the part of the Crm mon Couueil with a view to the correction uf t he practico has too freqnentl prevailed iw t ing buiidings at the cbeap- est rate at wi ¢ work cun be done, with compara Lively little roqerd either to health, personal safety or nience. This state of things should no longer bo ted. Existing orainanees, intended to remedy the il, sre unfortunately of the ‘same loose character as are the usafe structures to which they are intended to apply. ‘Ibe moss forcibic iliustration of the inindicious ane apr ous chara these bpildings is sho yn in tencthent houscr, Uundrtds rf which are found in all quartecs of the city, and of which not one mititty is erect- ea with a proper regard to health, lio or eaiety, The same objection frequently appites to stores to be need for storige purposes, Which istead of being plumed with rollaity and willka view to durability, are tu tov many stances mere traps where human life ts in constant of accidents lable (9 ocenr on the removal of build oge; anu prevention of the impending danger is de manded, but in this instance, iso, this department is | Without power lo act, and the evil xc vithout abate- it is of some ccnsequence te our citizens whether crections if jor storage or dwellings should be ag tin- or boxes to eatch and spread conflaprations, or whetner Las barriers against it, Our buildinga, purposes desigced, must partake of ono or othir of these cyaructers, and they who erect them must stand in the light either of iny tectors of the safety of their teow cit zens con. demmnivg, as we do, the character of the cheap structures we ive dese: y that in the o; tion ‘or a few years past of 6 ed to the pur- pores of commerce or of private jence, many of Our capitalists have discovered, and precticed upon the discovery, that u liberal outlay at the bey 2 to secure strene@ und slidity resols in economy fp the long ran, a t with the recepts of m ‘boral rents aud the Trance, the proprietor why builds fur own dmmeaiate interests consulted, Wire at the same tine ho is a benefactor in the preser vation of health to his fellow tan, Thin deeply 0 be regeette ple are not imitated by be he presse? upon a, that solid r ° to be moat profitable in the erd. Bui as there Lunke Who will not ice upon these rules, and who, rege’ dlese of Nhe comfort ot tenants, in defiance of the rolee of heoith, and in equal disregard of the safety of th 18 citizens, persiet in erecting ateuetures Hiuble tor Jiens We have cuumesaied; if (de present tment should he ayuinet evils aS apparent as posterity finds bis afal exam- a could not nd wi Without celay to guara are opptest@ bould be borne in mind that in the construction of buvcines the laws of durabiity are the laws of health Strectures that carly decsy bring with that decay dis- @are and is attendant miseries. RuLKOADS, id i nanazed monopoli 4 public couver - are the causes of ch diacomfort, continue to be chargeable with the giave objections urged in my last annum comanuni ten. Pubhe sentiment bus repeatedly expressed itaulf in He Suengest Jaoguage of Coutemmation agaiust their utter dieregard of the comfort of passengers, their over: crowdes! cond tion, the admission of the flthy and dis eased among the healthy and cleaaly, their ineenvenient construction and thelr geuerai want of adaptation to the comfort of passengers. It is no harsh language to say that, ,usiead of Daving become, as was expected, th general conveniner, they have Become the paramonne nuiracee of the day, vetting at detiance, as they do, that € from whom they have received thelr special indiflerent to the contemmatwn of tho press AY, EXposes and denounces Their dehnquencies. It ie an unusual thing 10 take pas im Ovi City cH WithoLt being competled Uo tisten to com plainis and remons cunees on the part of passengers, Which are receive: wrk | noe UF replied to with Tur epess mt The idea of public accomn: rwhicu thee grante were mate, and the sote were justified in the minds of our citizens, seem co ba the lost idem in the Thines of Lier manages. It matiers not who are the parties applying for admiesion—whether the returned convict fom Wackwoll’s Island, the varivloli patient from some uptown hospital, the bloated drunkard. the oilevaive with the odore of his calling ure all permitted (0 wedve themselves in, to swe the general volume of impure air. Deliexte women, Whose Kecessities compel thie sacrifice, are forced to Dreathe this attavephore wud to expose themselves to its contogion in these peat-holes of disease, these falsely - called public acectomedat.ons, whiek accommodate no thing, except in the dividends Wey pay their stockho ers, This description is eo far from being overcharged that it might be dweit upon with terms of censure far more severe than any J have ventured to employ; but T should fail in my duty did I not present it in language of the most severe condemnation, ani earnestly ine Wat, in endeavoring to provide acme auminary remedy for sbvres aad im ponitions so Mayrant and oppressive, you will Dut rend an act of jastive to an oppressed and out- con ty. enve te one that commonds iteolf to thenction of our Grand Juries, f other means of redress prove una vatiing. Our gptown population ia rapidly incteaaing, thus adding daily to tieir numbers, and thus rendoring immodinte action neces ary to puta limit to the dura- Vion of the 6 evil, ‘The grants under which tueso railroads exist wore ener) made on the condition that the construction of the care, their interns! errengement and geners! man- agement should bo euch as to moet the wanis of passen- gers. Iteonld never baye been comtomplatet that the urantees should be allowed to eee py and ure our public thoroughfares with any kind of vehicles that suited their emprivce. Whether a mieuser of their charter, by the aburrs we have named, does not work tts forfeiture ev question which the Counsel of the lon is best alle to enewer, and should such pro ¢ to be the case, the mi jes may Gither bo compelted to aban- den the farther nee of railcveda, or be forced to use diem eo 48 to insure that perfect pn*ie accommodation which we the consideration of their grant. All privileges accorded to monopolics are justly regarded with jealousy. | sumess of my repe ‘The creation of these monopolies is justified on the £7OUDO that assccwted wealth, “the dynasty of modern Stutcs,"" has it ip its power t> accomplish more succvse- ful results for the beveiit of society than can be eifivoted by the d:ejointed efturts of individial enterprise. But this eran ane when weaith, associated Under the au- ot law, ‘oteeted by’ privil mmuni- ties denied to mdiy Sinle senka Uh cen travdnsiasenes et the expeuse of the comfort of our citizens, The rule pre- Sumned to prevail, that it is the imterest of the mm wo secure tbe good will of the by affording the accommodations at the lowest price, however true ag & general propesition, seems utterly to ‘fail in its spplica- lim to this case. The accommodations at thy dearest price if the real practice, whatever may be the presumed rule, [tis not for of mere plea- Pure Lhat 60 many of our citizens resort to these vehicles, but from absolute wecessity, If the former were the principal motive of using them, these conveyances would contaib every Copvemence, Lot eo of comfort, but of elegance, to attract passengers. But the difficulty hes ia the necessity of using them on the Part of so largo a number of ovr citizens, and it is upon this necessity that the speculation is made by these ies. But when our citizens have parted wih a ope oar vested rights, when the use of public highways, intended for the accommoration of all, is limited to a few under a contact that the comfort of the citizen shail be provided for as come Conrideration for the grant of such privilege, the performance on the part of the contractor should bo fuily enforced. Our city bas its ordinances regulating the number of tage ownibus passengers, and 1 would earnestly re- commend that a similar ordinance be passed to apply wo our city railroads. 1 would further recommend that the ' cats for pascengers be divided yy & small ron rail, to prevent the overciowding which. a mow the general rule, end also thas each car be provided with proper ventila- core. SLAVOHTER HOUSES. In thereport of 1859 from thie department this sub- ect was examined and the evils and inconyoniences, With supycetions for the remesiee of the existing system, dverted to at some length. The suggestions and recom: mendations of that :eport continue to be of a charactor | that calis tor your interposition, From the comparative at that tine it is considered umne- ‘essary on the pact of the department again to dwell at lergth on a subject there more thoroughly oxamined, Allow me to repent that a system of a! baticirs, such am are employed in Paris, is the only means which sugrrst thomeclves of freeing the commbnity irom the nuisance of slaughter houses prevailing chiefly in the lower part of the city. These establishments, so dance ous to hewlth, continue lo increase wit: the growth 0” the city, and if that health jy at ail tehecousidered, that mercase must pot only: be ehisek6dy Suleckect Other ‘plan promptly gevised to compel their abandoument, and the substitu- tion m their stead of some wodel free trom the objec- tions inseparably connected with the system so long pur- sued. | The temporary inconveniences of a change of eystem are Byore eagteary thay “ren! ‘The aduption oe the Freveb systern would tvon become lar with our butchers onthe score of economy, cleantiness and con- venience, ond, chee auopted, they would be the Inst. to Gesize its abandenment, and a retin to the present prax- tice would be as wicommodious to them ag it is disagroa- ) able to the community: e CUFPONERS The followers of this clus of neisome occupation con- tinue their cfiersive mavstry without interruption from the public authorities. Driven from their abodes mm the lower part of the city, not by laws bat by au incensed community thut wilt not sebmit to the nuisance, they have migrated to the upper part, Where they pursue their | dwily calling safe from public interference. ‘From Fiftieth pt Larlem wre found the convenient loca sMes | for the deposit of the pith daily collected iu the city, and Lere are to be geen: scattered piles of decaying and’ putet- | fyitg matter, which emit the most noxious vapors to the | surrouncing neighborhood. ‘The rags collected trom these Leops, wiuch are stined up and scattered for te parpore of collection, are atterwares washed and dried, and fre- quently coutain the viros of cisease which 1s. thus disscmmated far and wide without regard to cop. siquences. ‘The calling of this class of society, num- Dering its thousands, is in every sense a nuisance, and public necessity demands its mmedimte abatement, rotep!y in the densely settied portion of the city, but throvgheut the sled. In the pursuit of ther business, boxes, barrels and all receivers or garbage are turned wwende Cot ond thei: centents scattered over the sidewalks ord in the gutters, Urereby wnereasing the adimcuitics of this d partment in their efforts wy keep the streets of the city ina cicanly convition. ‘he paesege Of an ordinance that will abate thiy av‘e- ance is respeetinily reccnumer ded. WATER CLOSETS, ‘The poigonors reflux odors arising from the imperfect ekiil with which our honse drains and water closets ais constructed constitute with many @ serious objection to thoir iu redvetion i our dwei!ings, a8 tho most fatal con. fequonces are bot the uptrequent attendants of this neg- Ngevee There indispensable accommodations are attached to a majority Of the better ciaes of our tenement houses, end it tay be said with truth that the mhalatioan ot the poisonous gasses which they emit, if not at pce ceatructive of jife, leave the impress of their effects in wasted forms, pallie countenances and general ¢ebility. ‘the ‘recent endemic at which appeared at one of the principal hotels isacae in point. A scientitie investigation traced it atunce to the cause sbove referred to. To pre vert these evils, an egy and couvenient means 18 at bend, and its application should be made general by the 6 of an ordinance to that effect. Ly the first piace pes should be of dimensions sufficient to allow of a eure and speedy parroge of their contents, and these con- duits showid ui al! cases connect with the public sewers, and at the extreme ond of the tube which counee's”ttsolt with the main pipe a tlap valve of gaivanized iron should he attached, which would alwtye be shut except when «pened by a tiew from the heare. In addition to the Croton water now use for cleaning these pipes, the roofs of houges should be so constructed that rain water which fatis from them sbenld be connected with the soil pipes, auc thus effectually remove the filth, ‘Phe Xtra cost for this majrovement would be triftingand the Senelits to reanlt {reap it would be immense. As & conse: uence of its lutiodrction fu the manner proposed, these wat/re whieh now fad their way into our yards, ‘alloys hd Desements, and which frequently are aluwed to overflow the privics, would be led away by haying an immoeciate outlet through the water closet pipes in'a the ewer, ‘There are many of tho spiendid mansions of our city which ore made almost uniah biable from the ethavia arising from water closets; but with a remedy at hand, at once so simpic and econom oa!, the evil is still allowed to continue, ant generally trom ignorance of the means to provent it, The subject is commended to your atten- tion. . LAVERY ST ANUES, It ig to be regretted that this muisance, found in so inany parts of our city, should net Lave received proper attentien from the Common Councii, From Twentieth street southward to the Battery the city is tiokiy stndced with stabler, Weth private and py {n the fun mer season the alr is tainted with their exhelations. naner already exists prosctibing the location of t certain fixed spots, ani the convenience of the s bas thereby been grcatiy promoted. Why cannot op oreinanee be alec adopte i proseribing the location of livery stables, #o ns to minist r to the pablic conveni- and at ihe same time avd the evils to which we ferred? }t is certain thot their continnanes, under Lircuinstanera,ad!s be saxall share to the con- wm inated atinos; here of the ei! y REMOVAL OF OFFAL AND RAD ANIMALS ‘This work isnow belog temporarily carried on undor @ conleet made by the Mayor anu Comméssioners of Health with Mr, Jolin Green. Tue preeent depot is at the foot of Thirty fourth street, North river, The werk has been performed dustug tie post your ag Satisfactory as coud be expected, consider (0g The many jhemMVentonces arising from the waut of Praper ee-ommocationy and chango of loca ths. The importarce of a speedy removal from the city of offal and ead animals requires that greater facilities wh nid bo granted to the contractor than are now pos- wereed, At preeent there is but a single place in this city allotted to ths purpose. T would recommend that two piers 9@ set apart for the reception of offal and dead animals, wo be joented, one on the north and the other on the cast side of the city and properly enclosed for the exclusive nae of this busmese As the preseut coutract ix but a temporary one, and im- perfect m gomo of its agrecments, tis advioalye that now Fpecifeations and bits should he prepared and preposaie wdverused at an early ony, uindee the dicection uf ‘be Com- won Counctl, for the rewoval of offi and dead aaumals (ora term of five years. The very lorge amoaut of ouat and dead animals Femoved by the contrastor during (ue jast ycar is Pulficiont evidence of the necessity of their removal (rom the eity twice a day, say trom May te september, and at lest ouve a day during the romatader ef the year, in boats constructed especially for Unis work. OFVAL AND PAT ROWENG. 18 continue to be received at this offlee against the longer conmuance ‘of the fat boiling uaisance, at ones ofiensive to the naighborhoot where these estabiich- ments are located, afd Sujurions to the puoile health. Letivite action should be taken without detay for their immediate removal from the city, fagain rope st that nothing Dut 4 positive ordinance prohibiting the louger coptinuance of these establishments upon New York isiard can ever hope to reach this evil" Oita) boiling baving beew prohibited by stringent ordt- nances of your honorable borly, vigorous’ meamres were ai once adopted by this department to carry the game into effet, ond with complete success. These establish- Meuts no longer exiet among us. A like ordinenco will farther Cree the city of the equally intolerable nuisance of fat boiling. ; STARE MANURE TRAPS. It is to be regretted that the resolutions adopted Ry the a ol Mayor, Commissioners of Health and Hoard of Heaitl recting the City Inspeetor to cause to be removed ail Kta- bic manure heaps, and to prevent the Wr K. of wtabte trapitnal manure withio the limits of the city—aftor xetion had been taken thercom by this department, and with every Felice ef sticee 8s — d have beon recon. tidered by theso bodies and rescinded. The evil continues unabated, and thie department has neither the | gat etiam hf to uct moa waa t gain urgently recom passage of am ordinance or the removal of this nuisance. DUMPING GROUNDS, The accumulation of street dirt, or Mreet manure, at bed or one hen “ eee Just com. plaint by our citizens genorally. mn ‘ound: +8 BUCH, should at ones be abotished, and in thee at hould be substituted cows or vessels to receive the ma- a ie ee eee Proposals for the sale of street manure should be ad- vertived and received, binding the contracting party to bave always on hand a suficient sumber of hoate to re. ceive the manure immediately upon its arrival, Thin wouk! remedy the evil and become a source of revenue to the city, MOT som. The contract entered foto with Mr Shomas A. Dunn— whic’ haa since been resigned to Mr tloraoo B. Get + f pacr at night ie ie the city for the of five years, hae thus farthfull the parte question pie hg og reference to the statiatiral report of the Suporinten- deni of Sapitary Inspection will ehow the cantly re moved uncer the eoniract of last your. haan Te ee #n orainance ting and protecting mat and garbage boxes ie eeriously felt by his departicent,