The New York Herald Newspaper, January 6, 1861, Page 2

2 INTERESTING FROM EUROPE. Our Paris Corres; jence. Panis, Dec. 14, 1860. War Between the Bpiscopate of France awit the Emperor— Resistance to Imperial Desrees—Cardinat de Bonald— Prospect of Speedy Hostilities in Maly—Caleulations of Lowis Napoleon— Aggressive Measures Against the Cleryy— Menction én Naples—Popubir Discontent—Letier from a Neapolitan —Pricst- fassacres in Calabria and the Abrucsi—Signs of Disaffection in Tuscany—Letter of the Bmpress Bugenie to the Pope, dte., de. ‘The war may be said to have fairly commence) between the episcopate and clergy of France amt Louis Napoleon. Last week appeared in the French papers the protest of Father Beckx, General of the Jesuits, against the apts of the King of Sardinia, Since then « manifesto has been Jebued by Cardinal de Bonald, addressed 6 Ministre de Via- toricur Billault, energetically defending the bishops of the ‘empire against the aggressive measures of the Freach . No newspaper has dared to publish Cardi- nal de Bonald’s letter, though it ts privately circulated, ‘and bas created an immense excitement. He acouses the Emperor of protecting and fostering irreligion and int- Gelity, and conniving at the most insulting injuries to the | © Catholic church, while he, at the same time, perscoutes the latter, violates tho concordat of 1901, and tramples Upon the rights and privileges of the clergy. ‘There is no doubt whatever that Napoleon IIT. is pre- paring for open variance with the Pope and the hierarohy ‘Of Franoe. His:recent concessions to liberty of speech fn tho Chambers, ani of a freer discussion of public _ @vents in the daily papers, are the great bribes by which “he Legislature, pross and populace are to be bought over 0 approbation of the schomes of aggrandizoment with ‘Which he intends to astonish Europe in the spring, and which will involye the complete overthrow of the tem- poral power of Pius IX. His first idea, undoubtedly, was to recreate Gallicanism, in the imperial tnte- west, by filling vacant episcopal sees with creatures Of bis own, and arraying thom against tho old school of Bishops. The peremptory refusal of the Pope to confirm the nomination of the Abbe Maret to the bishopric of ‘Wannes bas frustrated this plan, and since then the Ena- peror has neglected to send any nominations to Rome whatever. Thus thero are soven vacant bishoprics, all wonder provisional aoministration; and if a few more of the Older prelates should dic off soon a considerable portion of tho faithful of France woul bo loft as “sheep without whepherd.”’ The Empress Eugenie, who is devout in her Character, is ecandalzed at this state of things, and is Bald to have shed, in vain, bitter toars of entreaty that Louis Napoleon woult change his anti-Christian policy. ‘This and his too ostentatious attachment to the Countess . Castiglione are believed to have had moro to do with her [ate illness and pilgrimage to Scotland than any of the © eauses assigned by her physicians, Since her departure ‘the Empress is stated confidently to have written a letter to the Pope, in which she expresses her horror of the un- filial condust of the Emperor, and begs his Holiness to un- @erstand that she has no sympathy whatever with the movements against his temporal power, but has done her utmost to prevent them. ‘The latest protext for restrictive measures against the burch is the denier de Saint Pierre, or the subscriptions for the support of the Pope, The continuance of these bas boon practically forbidden; but the bishops have sim- ply refused to pay any attention to the orders of Mf. Bul Iault, aud thoy will be collected and forwarded to Italy as usual, This money affair is, however, but afeint on the part Of the Emperor, His political board is arranged in every ‘Other respect to his satisfaction than the determined bos- tility which’.po, mast encounter from sincere Roman Ca- fics just &0 Koon as he has taken active part with Vic- tor Emanuel th “the approaching campaign in Italy. He eonsiders tho entente cordéale with Kugland secure, and docs not apprebend any interference from the othor side Of the Chanuel with his schemes, While Sardinia is at- en Venetia he counts on av wprising in Hungary, for future fate he cares as little ax his uncio did for hat of Poland, which will keep Russia fully occupied in case of an alliance between Francis Joseph M1. and the Crar. The mterference of Prussia and the German Confederation in behalf of Austria he anticipates aa the Jong coveted opportunity for advancing the tron- ior of Frauce to the Khine. With en imperial army of 700,000 men, and 600,000 ltaliaus, the risks against ® ‘warlike enterprise which shall regain what Napolean I. lost, and unite Italy under ono monarch, virtaally tribu- tury to France, appear, under the circumstances, to be but small, The only adversary he really fears is a poor, weak olf man, temporarily powerloss, pecuniarily desti- tute, retained ih a small corner of his States by his own troops, and with no stronger hold upon the minds of men than—fwith. And ‘it is the dread which fills the mind of Napoleon of the consequences of aséailing the embodl- Ment of an idea, which, uf from God, may prevail agamat Jim after all, that has stayed hia hand 60 long. His mind 3s, bowover, made up, and be the result wont it may, evory thinking man in ‘France believes that bofore the © of another year the question will be one of life and Genth between the Emperor and the Pops. There is little doubt that, for a whiie at least, the tiara will be tram- pled i the dust, and it 18 not improbable that the episco- pate of France Will be among the first to experience the Roy of » storm which is already in fact rising against tac, ‘The deyclopement of reaction against the regime of the Regalant ‘wmo, in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, is rapid, and Pieatuont # compolled to reinforce its troops there'continually. Tho reception of Victor. Emanuel at Palermo was characterized by illuminations, preordained &nd paid for out of the last loan; but the masses of the peopte laugh at the farce of ftalian unity, The races which inhabit the Tialian poninsula aro too diverse in Habits and testes to conglomerate into one common Rationality. Sicily was peoplod originally by the Grosks; the Eirtiscans are descended from quite a differ- ent Oriental source, Northern Italy is a mix- ture of the successors of the old Gauls, over Yaid with Lombards and other tribes from Ger- many. Even under the Roman Emperors, Italy never resented the semblance of unification. The Viedmon- ©, Lombards, Venetians, Tuscans, Romans and Nea- Ppolitans are as essentially divided from one another as the Spanish and the French, and no eabinot making c ovetail such heterogeneons elements together so that they will not, before jealousy has acted tong upon the fabric, warp asunder. Tho papers affect to believe that the insurrections, massacres ant fusillades ia Calabria and the Abrazzi, and throughout the rural di tricts af the southern extremity of tho peninsula, the result of factitious cause ,such as the price of salt ‘and certain olious imposts. This is not the case; neither fs tho universal disaffection of the clergy to be considered ‘RS & CAUSE 60 Much as an cffect. They represent the sen- timont of their parishes. A Neapolitan priest lately Wrote to Paris as follows:— Tt was recently reported in the Journal des Debate Phat “several bishops, all the canons of the Naples Cathe. ral, and geveral thousauds of rc is” had voted for Viotor Emanuel. This is a wholceale fulsehood. Not one Bishop voted for him. Of tho twenty-nine canons of the Cathedral not one voted for bim—uot one of them but re- fused to take part in the 7 Dewm of the Tth of Sep- tomber. The clorgy, regular and socular, of the city of Naples numbers about two thousand, of whom forty-five re parish pricats. Out of this large namber, ten or twelve Only, and those notorious for their previous bad find immoral conduct, could be induced to vote for the new order of things. Not an Oratorinn, Lazwriet, Redemp- tionist, Thoresian, Trinitarian, Augustinian, Capueim or Father of Saint Camillus red at the polls. Their agen! universally imitated in The in curacies of the Ringdom. few exceptions wore a few scattered clergymen, ter Tifled by tho threats with which they were overwheline: In fact, martial law prevails throughout » large por tion of the Neapolitan districts. Tho French papors open. accuse tho leaders of the Neapolitan army andnavy with having been bought with money, and no one takea their part. Their guill is tacitly acknowledged. to raise troops in the cause of Ttuian unity has fled attorly in Southern Italy, and the Sardinian hordes have suppressed the National Guard ia Naples, on account of their evident attachment to Francis I, Tut king holds bis own at Gaeta, and the sympat! of eight oat of tn of his te are with him. The cruel murders of pew. wants at Fuori Grotia, La Pouillo, Averzano ad in the Abruzzi, by Sardinian svidiors, haye quelled outward di affection, but intensified «| ople ag vinat, tho invaders. There is kept up, under auspices of Gavagzi, and a fow 80 called priests of like calibre, an , Paid body of insurrectionist-torrorists in Naples tt self, who spond their timo in howling before the palace Of Cardinal Sforza, emptying into thoir throats tho wine and tier Casks in tho liquor houses, and living upon the wild excitement of the hour; out the future will show lete humbuggery of the much vaunted popular ‘vote—whero the life was in danger of those who voted no"—and how contrary to the will of the people it w to fall out of the fryingspan of ordinary wutovracy i the fire of @ brutal despotism. ‘Tho perfidy recently practised by the Furini govern mont ngainat the Cardinal Archbishop of Naples hax ex Cited indignation throughout Europe. There is no paper which preiouds tojnatify it, He wax entreated to return, fend did so with the ex} “1 understanding that he uid be bound by no political conditions. Yet scarcely ho been six hours in hi palace before the clubs as led, and then proceoded with « riotous mob, headed Several apos.ate pricata, to insist npon his sanctioniay revolution. The Farini government lovked on with: @iit pretonding to interferc, and the consequence was a which wottld have resulted iu toodshed bat for the Brcbcaor sthivude which the ¢ ol Aaces, Adopt. Th: report Aboat ho will again ho hounded out of whe city piven Moasing as woll as Gacta still holds out opainet Victor Emanuel. wee 1a ¥ combed wit Taxes have increased; the Admiviatration ia wok ee corrupt; morals are at the lowest ebb; and, if the eo: ah received in Paria from thore und Tuseiny peg is to be Credited, a roaction cannot bo long avert @d frem the present state of things. The clergy are aturally incensed at the outrages offered to their bishops nd to the religigus orderr. Episcopal secs are vacant, heir inoutnbents exiled or imprisoned, in overy part of ic la. Tho Jesuits aro Bountod out of their and colleges, just as they wore in the last oontury, ‘without an aoousation being mare ngainst thom, on the Bilghtent jive movement on their part, simply be te er ‘are members of the Society of Jesus wn workings of Italy are not for Victor I, ny A the lodges of socret societies. a at's paw of a future Malian repablic Oy Say, netia and Rome, and thon a democracy. The effor noe f the moment, the top bulbies on the rurface, over, point to war in a few weeks for the oon: 80 ina im tholr sleever, and regard him Of tbe remainder of the peninsula, Lt is underatoud o ~~ NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUA =] = | that France is not to ba, wisheus hae ammere, ond the enactment of the reactionary period from the statute Toole 20s pave pene fonpotten oy any whe lsteags 00 | renee oa France abe Austcin and Dodi, Its good intentions are eadenbted, but toy have | f, yore mortification. Cubs haa nd | the future alles Sonophh It The alan ot Sat: , all been marred by fatal infrtuity of purpose, which i | Cored; Kansas bas pot been made over to. the Souther | dinia, the Rhine! It wonder that Louis Napoleon | more injurious toa government than consistency even in | party; the democratic party is split asumier, and sll ia wiling to to downfall of the Holy Ferber, | wrong. The question that now arises is, whether, | Other partis have merged in # strong and victorious re- with such o Tima, Tt is till less to be | TOE "i q party, which wus wctually created by the cor- wondered he has already begun to apply la pe .c ; ' the event of ite dissolution, it will be succeed: | Fuption ot the administration now closing, public con- Sorte & dure We the clergy and nie th own di od by & ministry Vineke (advanced liberal), or | sure bus long rested on the existing government for its | Panis, Dec. 21, 1860. | The China War—The New French Ministry—Napoleon’s Relations With Austria—Negotiations fur the Sale of Venetia—the urder of M. Poinsot—The French Court, de., de. ‘Tho soreness exhibited by public feeling in England respecting the report of the French share of the pillage at Pekin has almost been enough to neutralize the happy termination of Mr. Cobden’s labors im the accomplishment of the. Anglo-French trosty. M. de Persigny bas ebaerved to Lord Cowley, on more than ope occasion, that he hoped thie report was not true; but if, unfortunately, it shoald prove to be 80, he was commissioned by the Em- poror to say that it should not be the fault of his govern- meat if any real cause of dissatisfaction resulted from {t. ‘The official journal announces to-day that the Ministry under the new liberal regime is thus definitively formed: — Count Walewski, Minister of Stato; M. Baroche, Minister without portfolio; M. Ronker, Minister of Agriculture; Marebal Vaillant, Miulster of the Emperor's Household ; M. Billault, Muiister without portfolio; M. Rowlard, Minls- ter of Instruction and Public Worship; M. Delangle, Keeper of the Beals, Minister of Justice; Count Persigny, Minister of the Home Dopartment; Mar- shal Reardon, Minister of War; Count Chasge- loup-Laubat, Minister of Marine und the Colonies; M. Thouvenel, Minister Of Foreign Affairs; M..de For- cade, Minister of Finances. The Ministers without port- folios enjoy the same rank as those with them. Count Persigny has come umoug us with a yoritable Anglo. mania, I heard him myself, addressing M. Billault, at 9 party of M. Roulard’s, reepeoting the English proas, say :— “Tam morally convinced that public opinion and patroa- age is all sufficient for the conduct of the press. I have watched it narrowly ia England, and observe that tho only way to preserve its moderation is to take no notice of its occasional violence. If it is manifestly wrong, pub- ic opinion will right it; if it is right, the sooner the cause is known the happier for all parties.” It is under- ‘stood that, under his auspices, the Cubinet Council system, first introduced into Kogland after the revolution of 1688, ‘will be secored under the imperial regime. Many seem apprehensive lest Persigny should urge the Emperor too fast in the present Anglican movement, but the Emperor is doubtless well aware of what he is about, He finds the high game be has been induce! to play since the Or. sini attempt will never do in E 4 in fact he has only armed the whole nation ‘it cap-a-pied: He sees that be has already done towards what he once ba 2c Hae Drilliancy of the French army,” and that while leaving England alono there is till afine future left for the said army. He has, besides, certain plans of his own respecting the disposition of the Pope, which the good word of England may aid; 80,on the whole, [believe his Majesty is probably serious in patronizing a liberal and a commercial policy between the two countries. The commercial spirit struggles violontly with the martial spirit of the French people, but [ have no hesitation in saying that the former isgradually absorbing the latter. The examples of Eng- land and America in commerce are every day exhtbit- ing their influence on the French character. Affairs are evidently not as yet mae safe with Austria, spite of all that is being said abont the sale of Vonetia. But since Porsigny’s return M. Thouvenéi baw, it is said, written a despatch to Vienna in which it was plainly inti: mated that a victory over Sardinia, in the event of an ontbreak in the spring of 180%,’ would simply re- call France into the field. ‘The answer to” this bas been in the samo dogged tono of sulk as before, and it is certain that tho Emperor of Austria ts more disposed to fight than sell. The semii-Constidu- tionnel does all but threaten bim, in fact, with the eon- sequences. Francis U. is evidently on his last legs, but tries to be lord—and certainly the state of things at Na- ples, ander the Sardinian rule, has given him a handle for Inst manifesto. Prince de Metternich, the Austrian Ambassador, had, on Tuesday, a long interview with M. Thouyenel, the Freuch Minister for Foreign Affairs. The cum to be paid as an indemnity to Feanee by the Chinese is fixed at 60,000,000 francs, or twelve millions of dvilars, of which 3,760,000 francs were (0 be paid the ‘20th of November. ‘The emigration of coolies is author- ized by the Chineso government. The churehos, come- tories and their dependencies, formerly belonging to the Christians throughont the whole Chinese empire, are to de restored to thom, owing to the interference’ of the French Minister. We aro about to bave a new issue of bronze coin, to the amount of 1,600,000 francs, According to the astronomical division of the seasons, winter begins to-day, at five minutes before two o’elock, and the weather i8 on this cocasion very suitable to such a division. Paris is covered with suow, and it appears that ail France ts in a similar predicament. ‘The murderer of M. Poinsot, Presi lent of the Imperial Court of Paris, isnot yet apprehended. He carried away with him the following articles:—A rug of English mautt- facture, a leather travelling bag, containing some books on gardening, a work of Dubreuil, and @ knife with buck. horn handle; a gold watch, No. 2,634, by Sourinn, Rue de la Paix; a gold chain, having « key attached, set with a ruby, engraved with the leiter P; a portemonnaic, in black morocco, with a steel clasp. The description of the suspect is as foliows:—Charles Jud, twenty-seven years of age, five fect seven inches in height, Vrown hair, high forehead, long and thin face, ascar above the oft eyo- brow, some of his teeth broken, beard reddish brown, and, if worn, not more thas of ten days’ growth. He L sometimes gone by the names of Montalti and Matri The estate of Thilley, one of the most extensive wine producing properties in France, and the property of BM. de Lamartine, has just been sol There is to be no reception this year at the Tuilerios on the 2d of January as formerly, in consequence of the Emprees mourning for her sister, the Duchess d’Albe, It is not improbable that the occasion will be seiaod to dispenso with this ceremony altogether for the fa- ture. It is found to be not only excessively slow—this having the softer sex to make their bow before their Imperial Majesties—but to be the means Of adinitting some very improper characters, who, under no other possible circumstances, could have gained an entree. Wore again, it is thought. the hand of M. Porsigny, after his long residence across the marsh, is visiblo. ‘What with Cabinet councils, absonce of rap ports, free trade, English carpets, cutlery, crockery and coal, except for the lingua Franca, we Saxons shall hardly Delieve ourselves, by and by, denizens of a foreign land. Our Berlin Correspondence. Bexux, Dec. 19, 1860. Removal of the Prussian Minister of Justico—A New Crusade Against the Press—Disorganization of the Cadi. net— Prusvia and Austria—The National Association of Germany—Iesse Cassell and the Hessian Cunstitutim— Ihe Approaching European Crisis—Aliitude of Prussia, he. de., de. Tho Prussian Monitewr of Saturday evening contains the decree of the Prince Regent relieving M. Simons from hie post of Minister of Justice, at the same time expres: sing the gratitude of bis Royal Highness “for tho dis. tinguished zeal aud conscientiousness’ with which he had performed the dutios of his office, and conferring upon him the Grand Cross of the Order of Hohenzollern, the title of Minister of State, and a pension, The relue tance felt by government in yielding to the yoico of public opinion is exemplified by this document; even while dis miesing a functionary who had rendered himself generally odious and contemptible, they load him with honors and rewards, and outrage truth and decency by giving him credit for virtues he never was possessed of, and the want of which is the real cause of his involuntary retirement, Tho nation are glad to get rid of M. Simons on any terms; but this does not prevent the royal letters patent frow being severely criticied, and an article in the Kladderadatsch—tho Rerlin Punch—in whieh the congé of the fallen statesman fs commented upon in a very different tone, has led to the confiscation of that print. Durfag the Manteuffel ad- ministration the Aladderadatsch, whose witty sayings have rendered it extremely popular with all classes, has always managed to eseaspe the fangs of the police, and semen to enjoy tho license accorded to privileged jesters in the middie ages; it was reserved for the ‘“liboral rj. vime’’ of Messrs. Anerawald and Company to confiscate it for the first time. ‘The Cologne Gazette, which had been indulging in some strictures upon the conduct of government, has also re- ceived an averfiseanent; but such puny attempts to sup. press public inion will certainly fail in their object; at & moment when even in Austria the pross is beginning to be emancipated from its fetters, a crusade against it in Prussia woukl be simply ridiculous. Indeed, the Prince Regent and his advisers are evidently conscious of having committed a fauz pas, and to atone for their mis take they have made haste to appoint a successor to M Simons, although it was stated in the decree above men- ‘jomed that the management of the Department of Justice wous! be loft to him until he should have wound up the current business of his office. On Monday evening al- ready the official paper brought the nomination of M. de Boerouth, Witherw President of the Court of Appeal at Posen, whoin 1 noted in one of my formor reports as. tho most likely candidate for the vacant portefeuille, He tw a man of nnbleomiches character and moderately Liberal principles, and ia ono of the twenty new mombers who were lately addet to the Pirat Chomber as a counterpolse to the feudal majority in that sssembly. Tt is very uncertain, however, how long hoe will retain ofice, ‘The wholo Cabinet is in a atate of Gisorgauization, amd if it should hold together till the Mmoeting of Me )euislature it will probably experience con- widorable medications goon after, or perhaps break up Altogether, During the two yoara of tte existence it has contrived to disappoint all Uho hopes founded on the ropu- | Mation that bad boon wequired by tte members whem in | Aveeitive; aut 1 aril retire Wishou umving uifewred m loge roform of tonquouce, or bayin 4a singis Arnim Boytzenburg (conservative). The former would be Bey SE eG to our strious e w! opinions of ‘Vineko as" verging (80 nearly’ towards democracy, of which he entertains a holy horror. I am in- (democrat) , & committee, consist- democrat); Dr. Zobel, democrat); Dr, Siemons Chamber of Deputies itany, gov resist the impulse given “by when a crisis occurred, the people were ready vantage of it, and carried the government along them. Let ub be equally ready to meet - is now imminent.” An address was Goschen in reference tothe afair constit 8 people had given 4 splendid example with indomitable firmness they had legal rights, and it was now the duty of Germany, and especially of Pruasin, to come to their assistance. The Prussian government should know that the whole nation had but one opinion on this subject, and to give expres- sion to this opinion he proposed the following resolation:— + To the unanimous recognition of the Charter of 1881 by the Hessian people, the I government had dared to respond by the dissolution of the popular branch the Jeguiature. We expect, tl " Prassian government = w: not only by pear gs! a4 heretofore, as he id * it by defending them ti. ium nt by energeti- cally $¢-an. attempt akculd be'caadire'eboubd What to aup- yea the arbitrary rule of the Flector by force of arms."’ to unanimously, and after lings the Assembly broke wp, having: fixed an early day Tor their-mext meeting. About one hundred amd fifty new members were added to the Na- tional Association on this occasion, and itis oxpeoted that their number will increase still more if the Berlin branch continue to hold regular sittiogs. The agitation is ev! dently gaining new strength, and in view of the decisive ‘events that are preparing for next spring, it is gradually attaining proportions which will ronder it formidable even to those governmeuts who are moet di to ignore its existence. 3 ‘That an eventful crisis will take place next spring ap- pears to be generally admitted and regarded as an inevita- dle necessity. It is possible that the catastrophe my be delayed by the voluntary surrender of Vedice by the Austrians; but even in that case, #0 many oom- bustible materials have accumulated in’ Hungary, ia Po- land, on the Danube, and in Germany itself, that tl peace of Europe can hardly be maintained mach tonge: and it is the more advisable, therefore, for the govern: ments to satisfy the just claims and secure the attach- ment of their people, which they ought to know is of in- finitely greater importance to them than all the military armaments on which they are now lavishing their ener- gies. Here in Prussia, the reorganization of the army, which was undertaken last summer, is almost completed, and early next year the fortifications projected for the defence of the Baltic coast are to be commenced and carried into execution with all possible despatch. At Konigeburg the works had been taken in hand somo tine ago, and are nearly finished g}ready; but Daniaic and stettin, with the adjoining forts of Weichsel- mande ! Swinemunde, which had been greatly ueg- , Are to be provided with new batterior, Y ‘sustained the course of erection on the island of Ruger, will afford further protection to the coast of Pomerania, and a line of railroads along the sea board will enable Large masses of troops to be concentrated immediately ou every point that is threatened with the descent of a hostile force, Of course, France is the enemy against whom all these preventions are chieily directed, but from the anxious at- tention paid to the ‘defences on the castern frontier, it may be inferred that n alliance between France and Russia is not considered beyond the bounds of probabili- ty, notwithstanding the ancient friendship and the ties of Didod that connect this Court with that of the-Caar. Un- fortunately a great part of the Baltic littorale is undor the sway of Denmark, Desides a tract isolated in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg, and as the Prussian government has no power to interfere with the military arrangements of thes States, it will always be easy for a French or Rus- sian fleet to land a corps at Keil, Wismer or Rostock, aud to turn tho fortifications erected by Prussia, on her own. territory. To be sure, the Frankfort Diet ‘is discussing a general system of coast defences for the whole Germa- nie Confederation, but before that slow moving body has concluded ite deliberations the country may have suc: cumbed to the dangers which they are intended to guard against. Our Naples Correspondence. Narixs, Dec. 11, 1860. The Siege of Gacte—The Attempt to Assassinate General Dunn—A ident to the Steamship Iroquois—The French Ultimatum, de., &e. ‘The Sardinians have planted a mortar battery withia twelye hundred yards of Gaeta, and have been shelling the city ever since the 6th inst. They have also planted two Armstrong cannon within ehort range, which are said to be doing terriblo execution. King Victor Emanuel is raising twenty regiments of infantry, sixteen of rifle- men and ten of grenadiers. Several of these regiments are being recruited here. General Dunn, one of the most distinguished of Gart baldi’s officers, was shot in the back, on the night of the 9th inst., by an unknown assassin. He now Nes at the point of death, as the ball cannot be extracted. One of the officers of his brigace was suspected, but he succeed- ed in proving an alibi, Gen. Dunn was just recovering from wounds received on the 191! of October. He is an Englishman, and the youngest general in the army, being only thirty years of age ‘The Iroquois, on her passage from here to Spezzia, ran upon a reef, through the ignorance of the native pil a was somewhat injured, but to what extent I have not been able to ascertain. "She is to return to this port as soon as she is repaired, Mazzini has returned to this city, and is said to bo actively eugaged in maturing his plans. Alexander Dumas is still here, living in a splendid Palace, entertaining in princely style. le has just com- pleted bis work on the Italian revolution. Dec, 12, 1960, Gen. Guyon has sent word to King Francis that he must to within fiftoon days, as the Freach flect will be A from Gaeta, and bo will then be loft to the morey of the Sardinians by sea and land, Accordingly an armistice of fifteen days’ was Rigned yesterday. ‘The general opinion here is that, at the expiration of the ar- mistice, King Franets will embark for Rome or Madrid, surrendering unconditionally to the King of Italy. The American President's Message. (From the London News, Deo. 22. | ‘The words of a man surrendering Power are always in teresting. A King who abdicates, a Pope who feels him- self dying, a Commander. in-Chief Who resigns at the close of a War, and a republican President whose term of office has reached its last stage, are Listened to with eager inte- rest because they virtually pronounce jndgment on their own career by bringing into comparison their professions on entering upon and quitting office, ‘The Ameri sidonta have been listened to with very various feclings from the day when Washington bade’ farewell to public life to that day of the present month on which Mr. Ru- chanan opened Congress for the last time, * * # It was not that it mattered much what Mr, Buchanan now advises, proposes or thinks, Ie has Leen the most unsuccessful of the whole line of American Chief trates; and his advice, erefore, is not valued. His p cies have been singilarly unfortunate, and his proposals naturally share the discredit. ‘The man who professed to accept power for the sake of consolidating the Union and extinguishing causes of quarrel, actually has to devote the chief part of his let exhortation to Con the discussion of the case of disruption; and h put aside all his usual compacencies about the calm which a Northern man with Southern prince spread over the troubled waters of politics, and to re. buke the honest epirits which refuso to say tere is peace when there is none. ‘The Message would still dwell on the great prosperity of the country in regard to its material tnterests, but Uhat here again the political trouble intervenes. It waa impossible to overlook the panic; but Mr. Buchanan hag done his beat to ignore the causes of it, There is no ae- cond opinion about the late panic being created by the Sduthern States, to work upon the North; and it is equal- Jy clear that the way the North was worked upon was not exactly what was tutended, Iudignant at boing so sported with, the merehante aud bankers set aside all their differences to combine in support of eredit aude: Mr. Ventures Bo tar as to ascribe the exiating troubles to interforenco with slavery by tho free States: but here again there ts no ground for more than one opinion amnoee thoee whe knaw the facts of the case— via, that ing has heon said or doue in the free States but as nee of Borne encroachment by the siave States, All this i# perteouy understood on the spot, But there is something (hat is not understood by anybody; and that is, what con be made of Mr. Buchanan's doctrine about secession. Uo declares that there is no constitu. Lional provision—no constitutional opeuing—for any State, or number of Statgs, seceding from the Vanion; and yot he denies that at const ita. tional right of coorcion of such States resides any where. Some persons hold the one view and some the other; but it is poe @ now thing to see them held in combination. if it were neveseary to come to some im mediate deciaton whether to retain South Carolina in the Union or to punish her for attempting to leave i, the President's doctrine would show that no action conld be pected from the Executive, Meppily, hie section in that particular way ie not likely to be wanted, if the pen continue in their present mind tol t South Caro. ina go if she chooses; but the charpeteristic oxbibition of 9 epieit of eubeorvionce to the slave power, ander an | ppeaw ance of comproni ise, be rememvuered among Bi, Bucksuou 4 atest mann! corruption, which has been the finances are in a state which cowpela the retire- ment of the finance Minister; the policy of the ro. ment about repressing the slave trade has been Fete and changed again, without or against Mr. Buchanau’s will; the discredit of Mlibustering enterprises rests wub the Executive, which did nothing to ri and mush to promote to wettie the question which, bo undertook—that of egtublishing. anti-siavery sectional, instead of the tasued in a resolution of the to reverse the policy of the out “the peculiar domestio institution rogramme altogether, leaving the gare of it to like it. Under such circumstances it must have been the most irksome Of tasks to fe thus Message, and it can be no surprise to the Fresident or his Cabinet it diapleases sree neds whose opinion is of weight, ‘Timid atid ghuflling meo may pruise it aa ring the day of action on tho secession question; and South Carolina leaders, bent on believing that all mankiad are their enemies, may be agreeably surprised that the Presivent scokis their toes; . — poet preayne 4 and sections 8ee enough that mat too far for ey, pretences. They need not fight—at leart so it appears at present; but they must de- cide upon a lin of action and principle of policy. It is no use now being angry with the departivg President; but they tuke leave to despise his finul giozings, as a good many of them did his frat, in that uration Message which will stand in history curiously connocted wita the annals of his rule, The Unhappy Homes sire From Liverpoul Post, Dec. 11.) A Frenchman has j wt ished a ook in Paris J the sondition of Engi He claims to derive his nowledge and his opinion is that appearances bere are deceptive. tr ‘He states that the few are opulent, the many poor; that the palaces satisfy tho casual observer, bus the cot- tages are the abodes of squalor and misery. The Londoa ee ee nent an tomy tc 6 facts! r we fear, no loager ent those samples of muntinoss ani beaut which ot ¢ fy 60 far as the and we are now ap; words written Just week, wl Speech ré the com;, laborers ip ‘nm and country. That. speec! r and painfully illustrated by proceedings at the Farring. Agricultural Library dinner. A few weeks #go a clergy- man had the courage at an agricultural banquet to toll the squires who were granting rewards to prize plough- men that they were using hardly the farm laborers; and in the Temes yesterday, Mr. Honry Tucker, magistrate of the county of Berks, publishes a document which ig-quite pitiable enough to fill the nation with horror and re- proach. Tho song of the “ Happy Hoines of England’? can no longer he sung except as @ fiction, for the rural districts afford agora in abundance of the unhappy homes of England, ‘hore is something very wrong in therelation of the la- borertotheland, Ragland isan agricultural garden; the do- nuaing of the aristoceacy crowd her fields with picturoaque beauty, and art and skill are taxed lo produce the most porféct state of cultivation. The hands which effet these delightful and boastful results ought to perience the advantage of successful toil. In the olden times the poasapts were stalworth, indepoadent and stroug; the men were brave and self-relying, contented with ‘their lot, hating tho French, but envying no one. ‘The women were beautiful as English women only are, and chaste as “the icicle that hungs on Miaua’s Temple,” brilliant with Jadness, and living happily in happy homes. Now ell “The Deserted Village” premature in time; it appertains oaly to the presunt day. Mr, ‘Tucker eraployed two competent persons ty obtain correct information respecting the condition of the rural es, und ho laid the result before the ineeting of the igdon Agricultural Library on the 224 of lastmonth, In doing this be expressed his belief that the condition of Farringdon Union is only a sample of tho agricul tural population of England. “Indeed,” he “L have been assured by farmers that she want of decent accommodation has for #ome time past beon driving the superior class of try to emigrate; and that unless some reforinatyou bo brought about, nove Wut the feeble and most ignorant will remain in’ places where decent lovging is not to be procured,” We subjuin a few of the items in the © Digest:"— Wootstong.—Man and wife, two grown up sons, and an iMegitimate child of the daughter, all sleop in one room; man and wife, with a son and two davghters, sleep in ‘one room; two married couples anda chili sleep in one Toom; man and wife, with daughtor and twe sons, sleep in one room, Warcustein.—A father and three daughters sleep i one room on ground floor; seven persons, in & two-roomed cottage, of Ww two are lodgers, sleeping in the pantry; afather sleeping with his daughter, seventecn years of age, and the wife in another bed. ‘Losecor.—Man, and wife with a child, one widower and one single Woman with a child, making six persony sleeping in one room; two daughters, each with an ille- gitimate child; a son, aged twenty, cohabiting with a woman, and four other persons, making ten in one room, with two beds, : Fleven persons sleeping in two bedrooms, both onthe ground fleor; seven persons do.; ten per- sona do.; son and daughter, over sixteen years of age, with two other persons, steeping in one room; three sons and a daughter and two younger children, with father and mother, sleeping in a room eight by twelve feet; two single men lodging with « man and wife, with four ‘chil- dren, making eight persons sleeping in cue room; two brothers and two sister, above sixte-n years of age, with father, mother and four children, making ten persons sleeping in one room. Farrincnox—Sixteon cottages in Red row, This is stated to be the most wretched place the reporter ever saw, Nine cottages lstely indicted for a nuisance bad. In one cottage the drain flows into the and in another the drain at frout door is offe cottages are badly off for water. Several cottages in a Dad state of drainage. Lycntape.—A man and wife, with a female lodger and five children, sleeping ‘pelt mel”? together Bocktanp.—\ man and wife, with we grown up girls and two other children, all sleeping in ene room; a man and wife, with four children, including a grown up girl, all sleep in one room; a widow, with grown up son and danghter, ahd a lodger, all sleep in one room; a woman slept for & long time with a son aged twenty -.o LONGWORTH.—Most of the cottages in this village are very old, some of them scarcely fit to live ia. (Said to be ecclesiastical property.) Kixostox Laisue.—Most of the enttages have only one stall bedroom, yet the families are large, and the majo- rity take lodgers. Example—Man and wife, with five children aud two men and three women lodgors, making twelve persons sleeping in ene room. Barxive.—Man and wife, with grown ap daaghter and son, and four Megitimate children of daughter, all sleep fn one small room. STANOxD.—A son over 16 years sleops with father and mother, Four wretched teriements, with only one sleep ing room toeach, occupiet by tnrge families. Of another it is said ‘a regular stye, not ft for human be- ings to live in,” yob seven pexsons live and sloep ia the same root, “In addition,’ says Mr. Tucker, ‘to this degraded and " te of the agricultural laborers of England, domestic comfort, many of the villages are * having no school,’an lence ignorance ant vies go hand in hand, and no exertion appears to be made to check the demoralization of 80. large 4 portion of the community, Surely, sir, the act of Parliament which authorizes the governnisnt to ad- vance money to landed proprictors for the draiuing of land, erecting farm buildings, &e., might ext visions to the more important du if it were only with even half th house our cattle and our horses What has caused this misery and degradat been asserted that the immigration of the Irish lab has clianged the character and condition of tue English laborer, but the Irish are seldom located — in agricultural districts, and, strange enongh, they have a distate for busbandry, Thoy take up their abode in towns, and” gain nothing in the way of character or comfort by coming to Eugland, With the English ploughmon they cerlainly do not iater- fore, at least dircetly; and, therefore, the condition of the rural districts most be ascribed to some other cause, or to more causes than one," Before these woes began “every rood of ground muintained its man;” but the man now has no land, ERven the garden is goue, and ¢ bids hit, the con-aere of the Trish poasan great difficulty of tracing this to the po monopoly, aud improved agriculture. mitted of large farms; large farms diminished the neces sary sum of employment, and therefore there was an in crease of pauperism. Farmers being the vestrymen, Waxes and poor rates became identical; and as the law of settlement forbade migration, the poor rates Wore sought to be reduced by a reduction ‘of population.) tages were built, and where possible the old ones wore pullod down, Small farms wore absorbed by the tn Jaboror who owned a house and garden was in hia distress, Ghless he gave up his kardon wd to keep pigs, dogs, or poultry. Ina! shert time the land ically cleared, and the laborers had to herd together in distant villages yond the coutrol of squire farmers and noble jandlorda. jon and opinion and ease ran against the peasant. Malthus had shown that those who were not invited to nature's feast were not entitled to food; and aa there was a fashion in considering large farms essential to improved agriculture, the owners estates turned out the amall holders, and found comfort in drawing their facome from afow rather than many cultivators, In this way Eng land bas parted with her bold peasantry; and man being reduced toa labar machine, he kas parted at once with his independence and morality; the base-bora, in the cot- tage, ax tn olden time in the castic, becomes one of the unhappy family. An Established church and a rich aris- tocracy co-exist with these monstrous evils, Public opi- nion and public execration must be brought to bear upon them, and then they will disappear, aud rural life will again be nssociated with rural felicity: A New York Wife Bil es eapeoed (From the London Times, Jano Haunah Haynes, a native of New York, surronder- ed to tako her trial for feloniously throwing upon James Haynes a quantity of sulphuric acid, and fuonepy ‘a. sioning grievous bodily harm. Mr. ‘Jaines Haynos, tho Prosecutor, dr that ho was in_ practice as a soli citor, at Finsbury Chambers, In December, 1850, he was {n New York, and he was married to the prisoner at that place on the 24th December; and in tho following Febroary they came to England, ail lived together at different ape until the year 1 ‘The transaction that was the subject of the Inguiry took place on the 11th of July in that year, and at that ‘time they wore Living at No. 39 Grafton rowd, Kentish Town. fo hat gouo out in the morning at half-past eight o'clock, and did not return bome until coven o'clock at night. | Tae pri soner was out when he returned, but aho came hone shortly afterwards, accompanied by another women neither of them had @ bonnct or cap on. He remon with the privoner, and told her he hoped the: now sho wa amarriod woman ehe would not conduct herasif aa sho aad bofore ler marciago, sad (be prisoner Yoonmas yorg ‘Oprens them ; and, finally, his rule has not only fait <d | ‘specially and boastfu ly slavery as national aid reverse—but hws violent u) bis say room, and returne:! wit thou from her, at the same which had she Ubts, and went into an a ljoming eens in Ped a hyd went up te her to try to got il moment sive ubrew ram effect of unmediately blinding bi went cn to stato the effect the injuries be received was to him to keep his bet for. six woeks, and in the resus bo completely lost sight one eye, aD othor ‘was seriously injured. ine prosecutor then proceeded to State that he consented not to goon with the charge upon the condition that the prisoner sbould go back to America, and not molest hun any further; aud sho left Kagland in February, in 1857. She returned again to Eng- land in August, 1868, when she was guilty of further violent couduct,'and in November last she forced er way into his house and made use of threats of violence towards him; in consequence of this proceeding on her |. part he resolved to give her uotice to appear aud take ber Phat upon the charge that be bad originally preferred against her, ‘The prosecuter admitted tht while he was in confinement in the Queen's Beuch the prisoner had at- tended upon him and behaved very kindly and properly. He also admitted that upon one occasion he had struck her and caused her a black eye, and that when the pri- goner returned the last time lady was living with who passed as bis wife. The Recorder having 3 up and directed the attention of the jury to the law refert nce to the charge, they found the prisoner § ba a mended Leah we Leys La we hoes e prosecutor no re may should be inflicted upon the prisoner, and all he wend ‘was to be eeted from her violence in future. The corder he thought the best course would bo to re- spite the judgment to the next session, and in the mean- thos the peituner will remain in oustody, THE RED SHIRT OF SOUTH AMERICA. ‘The Sailor-Seldier—Garibald) and fils Early Explolts— Personal Reminkscenees—Des- perate Daring, Hard Fighting and Short Rations—A Yankee Merehant Rans a South American Block- ade with Munitions of War, key Ker kes ‘The following sketch is from the journal of Mr. Silis FE Burrows, and as it relatos to a portion of the history of the great Garibaldi during nis South American carcer, it has an especial interest at this time :— ‘The gallant defence of tho city of Montevideo, capitay of the republic of Uruguay, river La Plate, South America, counectod as it was with the early history of Garibaldi, should be known to all. General Riveira, after having filled the Presidentia chair for the constitutional term, was succeeded by Gen. Oribe, who soon becaine unpopular, when Gen. Ri- veira succeeded, through @ revolulion, in regaining the Presidential chair. Gen. Oribe escaped to Buenas Ayres, and joined his fate with General Rosas, Governor of that confederation, Goy. Rosas gave Gen. Oribe command of his army, and sent him to the interior departments to put down insur- rections, This General having succeeded in this, claimed of Governor Rosas the liberty of invading the ; republic o Uruguay with the Buenos Ayrean army, and again place ing himself in the Presidential chair at Montevideo. To this Governor Rosas agreed, which decision cost him his reign at Buenos Ayres and made him an exile in a foreign land. General Oribe invaded Uruguay with a large Buenos Ayrean army, considered as yeterm troops. The citi- zens of Montevideo made every exertion to repel the enemy. Montevido stands on a peninsula, anda ditch, eight fet wide and five fect deep, was hastily thrown up from shore to shore, protecting the city from the en- trance of cavalry, and offering, ax tho result proved, per- fect resistance to the invading army, General Oribe came marching on Montevideo with his victorious army, and when near that city General Riveira left with all his cavalry, about threo thousand men, and placed himself outside of the invading army, with « view to out oft tl supplies of cattle from the enemy and be prepare! to raise the siege at any rooment, when his forces and those in Montevideo might be strong cnough to attack the be- siegers. General Oribe strengthened his position by erecting a fortification, within which he placed a strong force, and around which bis army encamped for ten years, during which the siege lasted. Five miles east of Montevideo General Oribe established a port, the Boseo, whore the foreign commerce concentrated, and where the imports and exports of the country were transhipped. Yor the defence of Monteyideo the French tahabitants formed a French legion, and the Italians an Italian legion, who contributed greaily to the security of the city, and n many conflicts outside tho walls many gallant and bloody battles were fought, in which no quarters were shown. General Oribe, in order to intimidate the French and Italinns, together with all foreigners, from joining in the war, issued an order that every pr or ta should have his throat ent. It was 4 day of gloom and sadness at Montevideo when fifteen Frenchmen were prisoners, among which number was a promising young Frenehiuan of about tweuty years of age. He was « young man of great pro- mise, and, actuated by that martial spirit so universal in his native land, enrolled himself with his countrymen to fend Moat hen he saw big comrades slaugh- tered, one after the other, by having their throats cut, ho appealed to the officer to spare is life, aud not to cut hig throat like a beast. He said, “Spare me for my aged wnother in France, for Tam ber only son and support.’ His appeal was in vain, and he shared the fate of his brother soldiers. When the enemy retreated the French legion went out and buried their hutchered countrymen, with a solemn improcation that the invaders ehould receive their re- ward from Frenchmen for the bloody deod. ‘ae uO event during the si that so perfectly united all in,the defence as this dc ul the ordor of Genoral Oribe to cut the throats of all taken. Men previonsly took no port in the war united with thi rnment of Montetideo in defending the city against the brutal enemy AS an American cit I felt indignant at such an order, and from it alone determined to share in the dan- gers of aidigg and assisting the defonders of the city. _. | visited General Oribe at his camp, with my ‘eldest Son, and at that time bad formod no ces for the contending parties, and did not till th Was repeat. ed to me from General Oribe himself. rT made orde mo and my son, with an order td attle, aids in ship. ping catile, or in any way assists in sustaining the de- ie till Monte- ghtful that I replied, “Will General Oribe be pleased to repeat that ordor which he did. The farmer selling his cattle, the man buying, the Ia- borer driving, those sl nounced, and to dig if the inva This order made volunteor to take battles, ; bat hearing the order from G ‘al Oribe f, I felt desirous of showing him that such threats could not intimidate Americans, but would invariably in- duce them to aid the suffering Garibaldi at that time evinced that noble chara which has shone with such brilliancy ia the deli of his own Italy, Everywhere on shore and on the water he same noble spirh, achievements, 1 or f dost itation and soldiers, but £ 11 have been approved ‘shington during the Revolationary war Garibaldi is a8 perfect a sailor as soldier, and T have seoh him fight his little — schooner in Montevideo harbor so veautifully that he received the of every spectator, ‘The Buenos Ayrean squadron, eoimanced by Admiral Brown— A most Hobie on of Ireland, and who was never known to do a cruel or improper deed during the long and bloody war in which he was engaged—in cance invading army, ran into the v @ sonth wind, ands DI , and, at musket sho i \ { abead of the enemy, keeping up a ‘The yea wos very rongh in the harbor at! t time; the wind, dirpotly. i, Prevented Admiral Brown from getting under weigh, and with every effort | thoy did not succeed in hurting Gai During the war mldt's little veasel d and put in execu tion a most bold and Ho proposed to the Montevidean government to permit Him toattempt reach: ing the River Parana, ascend that river to the city Asuncion, and, if possible induce the governmen Paraguay to join in the war against Buenos Ayres His corvette was a ship of 600 tons, mounting twenty guns, with a crew of 180 men, and with a foir wind bo passed the strong Buenos Ayrean and astonished the Buenos Ayrean ing up the River Parana, eapliring every Ayrean versel on the river, all the power ho possessed neno® wut pushing om with knowing that he would be followed by a strong force of the Buenos Ayrean navy. a Admiral Brown was ordered to pursne this dar sailor, which ho did with a force far superior to that Garibaldi, who most nobly led the au of the Paraia fe swooping’ and ring everythi Buenos Ayreans on Had the last war, #3 otting « 8 waters of it we ated groutor astonishment Uhan Garitald the Parana. not have {i's appearanoe on Admiral P had the advantege in bringing up the ri of the wind, and in being al as many men_on his Warping lines as Geribaldi bad in bis erew. Notwith standing this, whoneyer the Admiral’s ships came within grope and eantster distance of Garibaldi, he was enable |, whilst bis powder and shot lasted, to keep his enomiow at a distance, Admiral Brown had great advan. tuges in the assiatanee he received from the inhabitants on tho t of tho river, all of whom wore his friends, The Je Was constant, night and day, until Garba ® www wer rfectiy exbauetot, bis yowdee Tas aout 6: e4, and be wae qulee on the part of the enemy, with grapesvot and langrage, | too far from Pari hi Colonel Garibaldi, as he then ranked, was one of ‘most eificient officers of the governmeut Montevideo, and ready at all times to tight the enemy, either on the hand o on the water, and his nume was a terror to his ‘enemies. ° . ‘His expedition from the waters of the Uruguay, with three hundred italiana, ten miles into the country, to-ep- tain provision, was most noble enterprise. He was surrounded: of the enemy's cavalry, hollow square, repelled the charges, and made suchestruction in the rauk» af the enemy that they ware. to allow him to return to his vessels on the Uruguay wi any tation, at 4 had the pleasure of rk Goribetas in some of | I curate during the war, at great satisfaction: a created, , and since way with his own in achieving tho his pative land; at placed his name ington, 1 look with pleasure to fan kno of the: hereand Contrast the present situation of Mat man retiring to his quiet home after nativo apd delivered from millions of people with what it him. On board my ship in the harbor cold morning, 1 received the following & — = Mn we—T Daye RO meat or wood Cen you help me this eos ae ‘With great pleasure I gave Officer a and plenty of wood, as iy contribution in aidi commanded by is wither of in five ttle, oon exhausted, whi the distress of the Garibaldi, whe was. me a #hip and the placed ut & point-on Shtained to remount the men, a ication was made bo me, When the bark Blizabeth, in Rowland S. Hallet_—a most exellent placed at the di of Gasi Povitant in wy-ehip end. landed Santa Lucea, where ¢ s00n again in their stirrups, pe p of the si was ono D 8 vi “governmnt Sta Be : fret isin to ‘obtain clothing and supplies ir army, corm. mand of General Riveira, that the President and his Oabi- net sent for me at midnight to come to the Governmeat House, wheve-t bad bevn sent fer before in the samo ‘way. . . When I entetét tho President snid:—Mr. Burrows, we have sent for you on a subjoct of great importance to us, and one which we rely upon your honor, whatever you may do.” - . is Rxeelleney wow aseurod the government night rely on that. ‘ He then said'—*Wo have received despatches from General Riveira that if he can be supplied with wiatec clothing’ for his army, munitions of war, stores, &., which he ia now destitute of, he will in the com: ter force his way through the besieging army, and, unit- ing with our army in the city, beat the enemy and bri us deliverance, peace and independence. We bavg wi great difficulty succeeded in obtaining all the wants of General Riveira, and the cargo is now afloat -in the harbor. It has’ been transhipped from the first vi to another, but we have information that th know its present. position, and -we know not what to: Col paldi says, there is one man who can save us if he will, can accomplish all we wish if be. will un- dertake it; ‘and, Mr, Burrows, he says, you are the persorr, and we have approved the nomination. Will you do it for us? will you save us in this critical position? Unless this cargo reaches General Riveira his army must be disbanded this winter. If it can be placed in his pos- ‘session “_ siege of the city can be raised and our suifer- ings end.”” ‘Tbis was the first information T had of this important business, and fora few moments hesitated and reflected how to act, Knowing the dangers that wore to be encoun- tered if the task was undertaken, I then said, ‘Have you perfect confidence in mef” He replied, “We have.” assign over yy and LS i AS He : bd Ph By. if 8 E $ Z t & § beet holy 1 continued, “You must, as the first step, to me the entire cargo us. iy individual then I will do all I can to accomplish your. wi ‘The Minister of- Foreigu Affairs, Vasquez, said, “ What will you do then, Mr. Burrows””’ ’ T replied, No onecan knew that but myself.” ‘There was @ short consultation with the President and his ministers, when he said: Mr. Burrows, wo will do it—will do all as you say, and Jeave the result to your own discretion, knowing that you fully realize our poat- tion, and that évery thing depeifas on Your success.’ An invoice of all the cargo was made to me, agreeable to the marks and Dumbers of the packages, on recetving which | said: “ To-morrow you hear from me, and when I give orders for the cargo to be transhipped. it must be done in the shortest possible time, that the ene- my may not know what ship itis in, and I will endeavor soon to trouble them te find the ship in which they are."” ‘The next morning I went to Mr. McEcken, an excellent Scotchman, and, showing him the invoice ‘of the cargo, number of packages, marks, &c. wished him to have thom shipped in the American ship Herald, in, hig namae, to his house in Rio Grande,. which is the first Bragilian port in Eastern Montevideo. Mr. McKcken was a Triend of the government, and I think knew the character of the #! it. 1 ed the bill of lading myself, and said to Mr. McEcken: “Tt is usual, 1 know, for shippers to have at least one Dili of lading, but in this caso you will permit me to re- tain all, to which he consented, and 1 took all with me. My son, who bears my name, and who is well ealou- lated for such an enterprise, was dirceted to be in read nese for the voyage, to sail ‘that evening, and to put on be the ship twelve good men, with stores for three ‘The ship was cleared with her valuable cargo cnstom House for Rio Grande, Brazil, very Inte in , Without permitting the clearance to be made Giving the least possible time required to tranship the cargo, L went to the Government House, and said to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, “The cargo must all be placed on board the Herald before eight o'clock to-night,” at which time T embarked, and wy son soon had he “ship under way, Ng QneuP > this period knew my in- tentions, a8 the undertaking was attended with great dan- ger of life, should we be captnred, and nothing but cut. Ung the throats of prisoners taken in battle induced me to take a share in the hazard, Ships at that timo were allowed by the blockading squadron to Iand cargo at evideo, and then run up to Buenos Ayres. ng satisfied the enemy did not kuow the mititary Supplics were in my ship, as the government of Monte- video had by land aid water, as far as possible, prevontod all intercourse with the enemy, 1 determined to ran past the blockading squadron directly for Buenos Ayres. Sho night was bright moonlight, and we ran southwest, witit astroug northeast wind, for two hours, when the ship was hauled up southeast towards the Buenos Ayroan shore. ‘The next morning was lovely ax a Northern June, not a sail in sight, and we were running directly from the army, where tié cargo was destined, which was hs destitute as Washington’s when he retreated through Now Jersey. We kept a man at the masthead, who, at three o'clock P. M., cried out, “Sail O—a brig on’ our wi ‘qnarter,"” ‘This was evidently one of the blockading squadron in chase. Isaid to my son, ‘Do not the coarse of the ship. Do not lot them see ap) rations in our movements. all you can to ‘the sailing of thy ship, aud time the chase for one hour, to see how mue' che gains on us.” At four o'clock we found the chase had gained abont two miles, and that sie evuld not be up with us before dark, whieh happy moment, as those cau realize who have been chased by an enomy they had not strength t meet, we looked for with impationoe, and then squared the ship away west. For four hours we ran this Course, and then hauléd the ship wp again southeast. The next morning nothing was in sig but the beauti- ful waters of the La Plate, aud whou we had its southern shore we were entirely clear from the track of the Bnonos Ayrean cruisers. We then kept the ship for Point St. Mary's, the northern entrance of the La Plato. Having reached this point, whi of Montovideo, the ship was hove ticability of our landing the cargo at that place, and see if the surf on shore would permit it in our light boats. I went myself on shore, and walked back to the hi sand bill, with which the cape abounds, but no human being was in sight. After this 1 went on board, and said to my son, “Up to this period of the expedition our clearance for RioGrande js all legitimate, but the moment we commence handing our cargo here our voyage partakes of its real character, and if one of the enemy's skips come upon us the ship and cargo are prizes, and we are oners of war, In addition, our boats ‘are too frail to land the If Goneral Riveira's troops wore hore to receive the cargo as we land it, there would be some prospect of placing 11 in his possession; but the danger of staving ow hoats in landing, and of capture and destruction of afl tue munitions of war, induce me to determine that this won't do, for my charactor and judgment are connected with ‘* succoseful resait.”” T then said to my son,“ You must take tho surf -boat and sails, with six men, and go with all expedition for Maldonado, nd see if any of the Buonos Ayrean cruisors are there. ‘Take the red flag with you, and if the port is clear of chem come back as #00n as pow: ‘sible And hoist the flag.”* ‘The ship; during my son's wbsonde, wie kept on a wind, which blew atr from the east; but alt enemy, 10 be heating to appearing, if seen Bt windward, tha sails were kept ‘shaking in sucha manner \tonado, that we were driving fast down pit Mal which was in possession of General Riveita’s ttoops, and is about One hundred miles east of Montevideo, No one on board the ship or in the boat, except my som aud mysel, knew the mission the bout wag sent om, Auxiously we watehed the boat's rete and tho red flag was aeen @ying the ship away; down Py a S 8 promy's abip-of-war there. was kopt away forthe harbor, and when at unchaoe Tlandg took a horse, and rode two miles (0 the commamding officer, to whom Teaid, “On beard that shipace all your milit supplies; we have been chased 1 of the enemy vowels, and if you do not noload the ehip, in a few hours the enemy may be fm and capture all, Ihave done mg duty, and you must now do yours.'? ‘There was such A noise and confusion among the officers and soldiers till the cargo wos safely on shore as ho one can realize except they have seen a South Amert can army. When [returned to Montevideo and reported the sue cese of iny cruise, Lwaa, Ae ik usual, warmly om by the government officers, and called Americano aliente, Up to this period not a word had been mentioned by myself of the government ia relation to any pay or Com penaation for accomplishing what Tdid and 1 waa u confidence repoted in me by the government which duced moe to undertake the important movement. Hae been an ordinary transaction of signing Dilla of lad fo deliver the cargo at a certain pineo, should have sone A captain to have porformed it Yul ® cargo which could bave bean Hold to General Qribo, at Saas tiny at the Bygow, Give mules maak of Bieter