The New York Herald Newspaper, December 25, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON RENNET Y, EDITOR AND PROPRIETON. NASSAU SPS, OFPME N. W. CORNER OF FULTON 4S TERMS, cash @ adeance. Morey hy mail will be at the ih of the Bone but Bank current in New York “THE DAILY HERALD. (co cont THE WEEKLY HERAL)). coory 4 poeage of cach month, a 4, at four cons per H ‘i CORRESPONDENCE, in any quater of the’ we ” Ovw Rowen Ce Puniictcany Réquesten to Swat 2 dons Sex Ko NorK daining imporiant ld; if user, weil he RESPONDENTS ak? TERKS AND PACK nous ¢ nee, We do not nd in the 26 and dle amie Hema Ur \u1As Ore- Fourteenth ACADEMY OF MUSIC, street, Tye Messe WIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Evernia-—Capeen tN wre Woon. WINTER GARDEN, Rroadway, opposite Bond strect.— Bur Vax Wixkie—My Youno Wire anp Oro Umurvrns BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery. - rnoon An Grauoine & Towxn's Eqcestaiiw Quoore Mon cAKL. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Fast Men ov tar Oupex Tie it TRE, No. Sisrers. ARATRA ARPENB'S THE 634 Brondway.— Bowery. —Afiernoon—M4 Macarkk, Evening--Pur ‘ORRINA. NEW BOWERY THEATE! Macie Tremyrt—Rone faw—Scnoormasten—Ne BARNUM’S AMERICAN M Bvoning—I ORY RDO JUAN ~ Aztee Cait NG CuRtosiriss, &e. TM, Rroadway.—Day ant oF GOLD Mechanics’ Fall, 472. Broad- —Buetesques, soe, Dancas, RELA, Niblo’s Saloon, —-Krntorian SoNos, CANTERBURY MUSIC Ft DAncrs, Buresguus, ac. A Broadway.—Sonas, Dancas, Bue DEC OM, ate y >on and Evening asQUies, New York, Tucsday, December 25, 1860. MAILS POR BUROPE. The New York Herald—-Edltion for Europe. fhe Cunard mail steamship Europa, Capt. Moodie, will feave Boston, on Wednesday, for Liverpool. The mails for Europo will close in day wt 12 o'clock M. ‘Tux Ecxornan Comox oF me Herazp will be published @t cleven o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrap. pers, six cents ‘The contents of the Ecroreas Eormow or tam Aisnat> will combine the news received by mail and telegraph at Ade office during the previous week, and up tothe hour of @ublication, this city to. The News. The principal subject of discussion yesterday in monetary and political circles was the recently discovered frauds on the Indian Trast Fund at Washington. The additional revelations respect- ing the affair show that the first reports as to the amount abstracted were correct. It is thought, however, that the government is protected from lows. Bailey, the clerk of the Interior Pepartmem who abstracted the bonds, was yesterday released on three thousand dollars bail, and it was alleged, ne areason for the small amount of security, that he has turned State's evidence. Mr. Wm. H. Rassell, nt of the Overland Pony Express Com- nd of the firm of Russell, Majors & Wad- the army transportation con- tractors, was y rday arrested in this city, charged with complicity in the Indian Trust Bonds fraud. Our despatches from Washington detail 4ho particulars of the entire transaction. The sub- jeet is to be thoroughly investigated by a special committee of Congress, ‘There are reports from Washington of a defalea- tion in the Treasury Department to a large amount. Whether the reports will be verified remains to be ween. ‘There was great excitement in Pittsburg, Pa., Festerday, owing to a report that negotiations ‘Were on foot for the transfer of cannon from the Alleghany arsenal to Newport, near Galvestoa, and Belize, Mississippi. At the meeting of the Senate Crisis Committee yesterday Mr. Seward presented two proposi- tions—one that the present constitation should never hereafter be amended so as to allow Con- ress to interfere with the local institutions of the tates; the other allowing trial by jury to fagitive laves. The first proposttion was adopted, but the batter was rejected. Mr. Toombs’ programme was also rejected. The committee will meet again on Weduerday, when it is expected that they will conclude their sittings, ‘The proceedings of Congress yesterday were in- teresting. In the Senate, Mr. Pugh, of Ohio, of- fered & joint resolution in favor of holding a Con- vention to amend the constitation, It was referred ¢o the Select Committee of Thirteen. Mr. Wilson introduced # bill providing for the more effectual euppression of the slave trade. The bill for the edmission of Kansas was taken up, and Mr. Nich- olson, of Tennessee, made a speech on the perilous condition of the country. He argued that any re- sort to force by the government against Soath Carolina was equivalent to # declaration of war against that State. He was followed by Mr. Doolittle, who was of opinion that if Kansas was admitted into the Union it would do more to bring peace to the country than anything else. The bill was finally made the special order for Monday, Mr. Davis offered a resolution, whieh he had already pro- pored in the Special Committee of Thirteen, with the view of having it printed. It provides that amendments he made to the constitution declaring that property in slaves be recognized ax much and etand on the same footing in al! federal and con- atitutional relations as any other species of pro- perty; that such property shall not-he subject to be impaired by any local law im any State, and that in no case shall euch property be impaired in @ny State or Territory. It was ordered to be printed, The Senate adjourned till Thursday. In the House yesterday a letter signed by Messrs, McQueen, Lonham, Boyce and Ashmore, members from South Carolina, was read, in which they say they avail themselves of the earliest opportunity since the official intelligence of making known that the people of South Carolina, in their sove- veign capacity, have resumed the powers which they heretofore delegated to the general govern- svent, and thus dissolved their (the signers’) con nection with the House of Representatives, The -Apeaker bas directed that the names of the above mentioned gentlemen be retained on the roll, thus not recognizing their act of secension from the House. The Secretary of the Interior sent in ® commonication respecting the defalcation in his department, asking that s committee be appointed to investigate the affair. A commit. tee of five was accordingly appointed, with full power to send for persons and papers. The Diplo- @atic and Consular Appropriation bill was passed, fod the Army Appropriation bill was reported and weferred. Mr. Cochrane, of New York, introduced eaclations reviving the Missouri Compromtse line, end declaring that any attempt to coerce @ State we levy war and prec te a revolution, A se evidently did not desire to come to & vote apen the proposition, Mr. Cochrane withdrew | 1. The House also adjourned till ‘Thursday. | The serew steamship Jura, Captain Mair, from Liverpool on the 11th instant, arrived at this port jastevening. Her advices have been anticipated by the Fulton off Cape Race, but the reception of our files enables us to give details of European news two days later than previously received. ‘The nascent kingdom of ita yis still ina troubled state, and the statesmen who are in charge of Na- ples are said to be very disex fe aver their prospects, Reaction has sh: Mf at Caserta and the Garibaldians did gooc ing it, Otbers of the same fu at Aversa, the population of which tric’ to cust them, but the red shirts remy ‘uc M. de Persigny, ina circular to the prefects, which we publish elsewhere this 1 2, declares his resolve “to encourage the habit of free dis- cus ion in France’—an encouragement which is i sorely needed. ‘Abuses in society e P go- mment’ may be disclosed; the “aets of the ad- ministration” may be discussed, and injustice may Le revealed; “but should parties endeavor to over- throw the State and dynasty, the law will not per- mit discussion, and the system of wara’ngs. will | then be enforced.” Tf, as in England, “all parties and all writers only desire liberty of the press to | maintain the prospe of the State, they have | liberty of the press in France as in England, and | the law becomes a dead letter.’ It is sa’d that this circular will be followed by @ reveca'ion of the lega! effects of all ‘“‘warnings’’ that have been sed to the journals. anquet given at Nottingham, in honor of the installation of the Duke of Newcast!é as Pro- vincial Masonic Grand Master of Nottingham hire. his Grace took occasion in his address to refer to his late transetlantic trip, and alluded particularly to the cordivlity of the American pecple in their reception of the Prince of Wales. We publish his remarks in another part of this morning's paper. The Prince Albert, from Galway on the Isth is due at St. Johns, N. Fb. She brings five days later news from Europe. Our correspondent at writing on the 25th ultimo, | no improvement in the affsirs | inst. Caracas, Venezuela, states that there was of that republic. thout the coun- pi large numbers of persons were abandon- ng their estates for the greater protection afforded in the capital. The government were destitute of means to carry on the war against the robbers, but were negotiating a loan of £1,060,000 sterling with parties in England, pledging for payment 2 1f the customs duties. No movementhad been made to obtain satisfaction for the claims of Ame- ricon citizens, and our Minister, in the absence of instructions frem home, did not feel inclined to press the subject on his own responsibility. At the meeting of the Board of Aldermen last evening a communication was received from act- in, wr Peck, asking for their concurrence with him in the removal of Nathan C. Plat: from the fice of City Chamberlain, and the comination of Daniel Devlin to fill the vacaney. The Board con- curred with him by a vote of 12 to 4. The de- tailed estimate for additional appropria! ons for 1860, amended by the insertion of $32,000, instead of $105,000, for the entertainment of the Japanese Embassy, was received from the Board of Councilmen for the concurrence of the Board of Aldermen, After some little debate the Board concurred with the Conncilmen, Alder. men Darragh and Seagrist being the ouiy dissent- ing voices. Mr. Valentine, the Clerk of the Board, was ordered to prepare his “Manual” for the year 1861, and a large amount of routine business was transacted. In the Board of Councilmen last evening Mr. Costello presented @ resolution in favor of giving permission to the owners and occupants of stalls n the public markets throughout the city to con- tinue open until eight o'clock P.M. on Saturday nights, which was adopted. A resolution, which was offerred by Mr. Munson, was also adopted, di- recting the Comptroller to appoint an inspector in order to examine the manner in which the contract for paving Eighth avenue, between Fourteenth and Forty-second streets, has been complied with, before any moneys are paid for the work. The Board concurred with the Aldermen to compen- sate the clerks of the city canvassers, and also preferred a request to David T. Valentine to pre- pare the “Manual of the Common Council for 1861." A number of reports and other papers from the Aldermen were presented and laid over, and the Board adjourned till Thursday, rding to the City Inspector's report, there deaths in this city during the past week, an increase of 5 as compared with the mortality of the week previous, and 64 less than occurred during the corresponding week last year. The re- capitulation table gives 4 deaths of diseases of the bones, joints, &c., 94 of the brain and nerves, 3 of the generative organs, 15 of the heart and blood vessela, 124 of the lungs, throat, &c., 3 of old age, 47 of skin and eruptive fevers, 7 premature births, 44 of diseases of the stomach, bowels and other digestive organs, 35 of general fevers, and 1 of disease of the uripary organs, of which 17 were from violent causes. The nativity table gives 242 natives of the United States, 8 of England, 88 of Ireland, 22 of Germany, 5 of Scotland, and the balance of various foreign countries. The cotton market continned Orm yesterday, with sales of about 1,200.0 1,960 bales. Prices closed sti? on the basis of Llc. for middling uplands. Flour was firmer and prices were better, having advanced from Ge. to 10s., and io some cases ss much as Lée. per bbl, which, with the firmness of bolders, restricied sales to « mode- rate extent. Wheat was also firm, but owing to the en- hanced views of holders eales were light and the market closed dull, Corn was in fair demand, with moderate sales, at prices given in another place. Pork was jower, bat in more request and with more doing Sales of meee were made at $15 25 a $15 874 for old, and &t $15 874 8 $16 for new, $10 25 for old prime, and at | $11 75 for new, Sugars were steady, with sales of 550 | bhds. Cubaa, chiefly within the range of Bise. a Sage. twowtly for refining. Coffee was steady and sales 1 Freighte exhibited more firmness, while engage wore moderate. We regret to state that two or Spanish houses of this city, engagot im the Cuba sugar trate, suspended yesterday, and that among them was | the large and highly respectable bouse of Mora, Navarro & The Eighth Week of the Crisis. Every day brings us some fresh intelligence of the steady progress of the revolution at the South, and of the reckless iafatua‘ion at the North, which either looks on in mute, stolid helpleseness, or laughs at the action of ihe Southern States as a good joke, or adds fnol to the flame by utter refusal of compro- mise, by violent abuse, and by menaces of coercion and war to the knife. Yesterday the South Carolina delegation re. tired from Congress in a body, which renders complete the separation of that State from the confederation, and renders her a foreign re- public. The Union is diemembered. One star has disappeared from the glorious constel- lation on which the nations gazed with wor- shipping admiration, and which was the hope of bumanity and liberty from pole to pole. Other siars will disappear one by one, till at last the great federal republic is shorn of half its glory and half its strength, and the mighty power of the New World becomes an object of contempt—a power which 90 lately disputed the empire of commerce with the fore- most of the maritime nations of tho earth, and commanded the reepect of the most warlike of them all by sea and by land. The revolution gommenged gn the Cth of November, and we then pred feted ite progress and warned the country of the coming danger. We are now in the eighth week of the eri-is, and nothing has been yet done towards ug ta peaceable solution. In a few weeks more, should the same inactivity prevail among the friends of the Union, the time will have passed hy forever for reconciliation between the two belligerent sections, and nothing but a miracle can prevent a long and bloody civil war. In this trying hour, from “the congregated wisdom” of Congress do we look in vain for a ray of hope to enlighten the gloom which covers the nation like a pall, The Committee of Thirty-three in the House adjourned for a week without Coming to any vote, though time is so precious, and every minute brings the North and South nearer to a ‘collision; and, in fact, we know not the moment when hostilities may commence. The Committee of Thirteen in the Senate have failed to agree upon any terms of peace. The republican members declared they would make no compromise, and “had no gua- rantees to offer.” They rejec!sd unanimously the reasonable propositions of Mr. Crittenden— 4 conservative statesman, who stands betweea the extremes of the sections, Under these cir- curnstances Mr. Toombs, of Georgis, a member of the committee, telegraphed on =unday even ing to the people of that State in hese words:— “I have put the test fairly and frankly, It is decisive against you now. I tell you, upow the faith of a une man, thai all further looking to the North for security for your constitutional rights in the Union ought to be instantly abae- doned. It isfraught with nothing but ruin to yourselves and your posterity. Seceasion by the 4th day of Merch next should be thundered irom the ballot box by the unanimous voice of Georgia on the 2d day of January next. Such 1 voice will be your, best guarantee for liberty, security tranquillity and glory.” No doubt this settles the question of speedy secession in Georgia; and, indeed, it seems settled in all the Southern States. If any Union or conservative sentiment exists in op- position to immediate secession, it is either cleat or coupled with a condition which in volves not peaceable gecession, but the carrying of war ‘uto the beart of the North. The Rieh- mond Whig, for instance, prefers that the ~outh should “fight in the Union,” and think~ secession “a tame and cowardly submission.” li says:—* We should at least first make an effort to obtain a redress of our grievances in the Union, and, failing so to do, we should not wait for the North to commence war upon the South, but the South should immediately de clare war against the North. Sue, we believe, has been the uniform practice of nations and individuals heretofore. And we prefer con- forming to the usual practice still to runniag away from our rights and waiting a declaratioa of war on the part of our aggressors.” This is the kind of conservatism that exhibits itself at the South. The sectional spirit has become there identified with patriotism, and the revolution is, with every rising sun, be- coming more intensified and more thorough ly organized and consolidated. And yet Mr. Seward tells us in his speech that South Carolina is only humbugging us; that the secession spirit at the South was stronger on the night of the election, on the 6th of No- vember, than it is now; that during the last fifty uays the passions and prejulices of the South have become mollified, wnd in sixty days more the atmosphere will be all bright and serene. If the passions of the people in the Southern States bave gradually become folli fied since the election, and the secéssion spirit bas grown weaker from that time, they have taken an extraordinary way of showing it. As Mr. Seward is in a high degree responsible for the revolutionary condition of the South and the deplorable consequences to the trade and commerce and general business interests of the North, it is his oue to make everybody believe that it all amounts to little or nothing now, and that by the 4th of March every vey tige of discord shall have vanished. But let no man at the North Iay this fluttering unction to his soul. It would be a dangerous, a fatal delusion. The revolution rushes on like a flood, and there is none to arrest its progress, The great diffi culty with the politicians is that they have been so much in the habit of “speaking for bua combe” they cannot break it off, though the elec on is over, and thongh an appalling dan ger resulting from it stares them in the face and the ocesston demands the wisdom of states men,. not the clap-trap of the demagogue. 1 instead of jocular merriment and such amb guous language as reminds one of Talleyrand’s maxim, that speech was given to man to con ceal his thoughts, Mr. Seward would come out risinly and squarely, and tell the country stat he and his party intend to do in view of the portentous signs of revolution and pre- parations for war ot the South, he would be only discharging « solemn duty which be owes to himself, to the State of New York and the country at large. But there is nothing to be hoped from the po litical leaders. The people must act for them- selves, and take measures to call conventions in every Northern State. This can be done in the course of the ensuing month, and the South can take the month of February to consider such offers of friendship, conciliation and compro mise as the Northern States may offer; aad if, in the meantime, the President elect will endorse these concessions, then it is to be hoped that the sua of the 4th of March will not rise in blood, and that Mr. Lincoln will be the Presi- dent, not of the Northern fragment of a broken Union, but of the thirty-three United States, Tre Growru oF New Your.—We publish to- day a very interesting article on the rapid growth of the Southern district of New York or, as we may call it, the Metropolitan district compiled from the returns of the national census, now nearly completed, and giving the figures, by wards, of the number of people houses and families. They manifest an increase of population eince the foundation of the city without parallel in the history of the world. Since the last national census of 1850 the city proper has increesed in population 298,408 and the city of Brooklyn and adjoining town» in Kings county have increased since 1855 no less than 61,830. The total population of the Metropolitan district appears to be now 1,678,304, thus having grown ‘n a ratio seven times as great as that of Lonton. Within the past forty years the English capital {increased at the rate of a bundred per cent, while New York increased in the same time at a rate of seven hundred per eent, ehowing that if the growth of thie city were to continue, for the same length of time that bas elapsed sinee ite foundation, as it pas dene during thet period, NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1860. in! forty years to aieacithed is, at the opening of the twentieth century—the population will be six millions and a half, or half i million more than London, supposing the British capi- tal to increase at ber ratio for the lust forty years also. New York will then be the most populous city in the Christian world, and will almost cnallenge any of the Asiatic cities to rival her But it will be seen that these caleulations are based upon the assumption that the Union re- mains intact and the prosperity of the country undiminished. If the present political crisis should leave s divided, the picture may present a very different aspect; for although New York may suffer less than A nd other portion of the country, owing to her geographical position, her vast commerce, her noble harbor, the great arteries for carriage which bound the island on both sides, and the conservative character of her people, yet it is impossible to expect that, in the event of a calamity so terrible as that which now threatens, her growth and pros- perity would not receive a fearful check. Christmas and Its Teachings. Another year haa rolled swiftly away since we last had the pleasure to offer our Christmas groctings to the readers of the Herat, where- soever dispersed. The great Christian holiday the time fixed as the anniversary of the rising of the star of Bethlehem, the coming of the Prince of Peace, the dawning of the light of the world, the birthCay of the Redeemer, and the foundation of the church which is built upon arock, and cemented with the blood of the saints, again recurs, and with it a train of reflections of a serious though hopeful character. We do not go so far as some worthy people who claim that, in view of the political distur- bances which now agitate the country, we have no cause for Christmas merry makings. We, in common with all Christendom, owe all hat we have and all that we are to the dispen- ation of the New Testament. With all its aults, the Roman Church has been the most powerful agent of human progress that the world has yet seen. During more than twelve centuries the churchmen oceupied the place uow held by the free press. The spirit of the Christian religion is the spirit of civilization. When the priest betrays his trust, as he does very often in these latter days, and relapses into fanaticism, he takes a step backwards towards heathenism, and its logical effect, barbarism. History, however, informs us that during the early days of the Church, end even after the ecclesiastics had been called to ,the cabinets of the kings, the subject frequently owed his preservation from the effects of the blind fury of a besotted prince to the interference of a priest, whose gown and crucifix represented a far greater power than the kingly sceptre or the imperial crown. A priest, Armand de Richelieu, re- created France, and everywhere the spirit of the Christian church—Roman, Anglican and Re- formed—promoted the progress of useful re- forms, and tended to the developement of the ideas by which the world is now go- verned. ‘This work, so worthily begun by the fathers of the Church, has been carried out by the press, and by men like Cromwell, Washington, Napoleon and Gari- baldi—men who sprang directly from the body of the people. Look at Europe to-day. The people are aluost entirely free from the curse of feudal vassalage. The kings hold their brones only because the popular voice is in avor of their so doing. The bayonet is the «condary power-—the pen stands first and fore- most. ‘The van Church is ostensibly op- posed to ‘his gvand reformation; but, so far as ts temporal jt ter is concerned, the Roman hureh is already © nullity. One year ago to-day Italy was bouad in chains. True the Austrians had beea beaten in the North, and he liberal cause had received # great impetus from the aid ef the French Emperor. But the Tialians bad still a great work before them, and to accomplish unity of action was the frat thing to be ¢onsidered. The want of this grand desideratum bad placed the several "States at the mercy of neurpers and tyrants. The moment that the talian people united in an effort against he despots their” thrones tottered; when Garibaldi appeared as the leader of the move- went they fell. And now we find Piedmont, lembardy, the Duchies, Naples and Sicily nited under a liberal constitutional govern- aent, To-day the most grateful of Christmas nibcms will go up from the hearts of the vic- ms of Lomba’s cruelty, If we look at the ther Furopean States we shall find that the movements of the Italians have not been with- vut their effect upon them. The Emperor of he French grants, without even being asked ‘or it, the most important concession to the riends of free discussion, and evinces a dispo- ition to give liberty to the press. In England ~he great journal has eome to be » recognized power in the realm. Through its criticisms the minister appeals directly to the people; and in truth the government of all Europe is now ap- proximating the purely mental and philosophi- val stondard which the ancients dreamed of, but never accomplished. Without doubt, we of the United States ‘ave had much to do with these reforms. The example of a great people, made ap from all the European nationali- ties, governing themselves, preserving peace and order by voluntary obedience to law, going through at stated intervals a burmese political revolution, and preserving unehaken the foundations of popular liberty, could not fail to tell upon the old systems, And the effect of the failure of our institutions, before they have had a fair trial, would retard the cause of popular liberty to a much greater degree than their apparent prosperity has ad- vanced it. It has seamed to us that this anniversary 0” the birth of Him whose mission was one of peace on carth, good will to men,” is one when men of all sections should calmly con- sider these things; when the voices of the leaders of the people—theif political and spi- ritual puides—should be raised; when concilia- ‘ion, ‘nity, amity and mutual concession ‘hould be urged with all the energy and ‘bility that men have been gifted with On this Christmas morning we fini that ‘these States are ‘surrounded with perils ns terrible as they are anprecedented, The good ehip of the State is rushing madly to- wards the breakers of disunion ; the pilot ts no fonger able to steer hie course; already one plank has started; but, thank God, the others sill hold. Onr best bower anchor, the consti- tation, has been let go, amd we may yet weather the storm. If not, it will be many a long day hefore the people of the United States soe an- other merry Christmas, All that we baye to | East. In do is to return to first privolples—our star in the East, the harbinger of good tidings, is the Union of the States—the time-honored symbol of strength, the principle which has just now bad so triumphant a vindication in the success of Garibaldi and his brave followers. Govern- ments for these States, constructed upon any other idea than that of union and harmony be- tween the several members of the confederacy, ‘are worse than useless, they are public nui- sances. With the beginning of the era of com- mon sense (which we fear we shall yet be compelled to acquire in the school of adver- sity), our people will find that the constitution, properly amended, the Golden Rule and the doctrines of the Sermon on the Mount form the only proper foundations for political and social law. When that day arrives—and we hope it is not as far off as some people imagine—we shall hear no more of Southern secession and North- ern fanaticism. In which well grounded faith, and in a hope- ful and a cheerful spirit, we tender to all-our readers, young and old, the compliments of the season. While we all should feel a due sense of the responsibility which the present aspect of affairs entails upon each of us, there is still no good reason why we should make ourselves unhappy about it. So the young people shall have their merry Christmas, and Santa Claus shall be as liberal as ever; the hymn of praise and thanksgiving shall ascend to the Giver of all good; the Christmas tree, the evergreen wreath, the yule log, the mistletoe bough, all the time honored symbols of jollity and good cheer, shall be duly honored through- out the length and breadta of this fair land. A right merry Christmas, then, to all. The Great West Versus the Great E Conquest and Revolution in China. The Emperor of China has bitter cause to rue his own and his satellites’ blunder- ing and treachery, which compelled the Allies to have recourse, time after time, to arms, till finally the great imperial city of Pekin was captured, his own palace sacked, and himself and his minions drivea to Tartary for refuge. We have here a great event, the ultimate results of which we can hardly venture as yet fully toestimate. What if the old dynasty is overthrown by the humilia- tion and loss thus inflicted? and what if the Tae-Ping insurgents, who have been long strug- gling for its overthrow, should supersede it? Before inquiring into the merits of either dynasty, let us glance at the immediate causes which led to the resumption of hostilities ter- minating in the capture referred to. The Allies were negotiating with the brother of the Em peror, while encamped within a short distance of the capital, when the Chinese general drew up an army of more than twenty thou- sand men, so as to command the ground which the Chinese plenipotentiaries had selected for the occupation of the foreign forces. And this was not all; for the Allies soon found themselves surrounded by hostile cavalry, and ina painful state of uncertainty as to when and by whom the inevitable battle should be commenced. At this time a sudden commotion was produced in the Cainese lines, and seven of a small party of the British, which had ventured within the enemy’s power, were seen riding bard through a fire of matchlucks towards their own camp, under the apprehension of being made pri-oners. The others of the party were captured, including the London Times correspondent. It was now* thought by the Allies high time to clear the ground, and they forthwith began the attack. The Allied forces numbered in all only five thousand men. They were in the centre of a hostile country, march- ing on a great capital, far away from reinforce- ments and the #sea—cireumstances which made the battle no less exciting than remarkable. We are told that there was simultaneous action on all points. It was evident that the Chinese, with characteristic perfidy and degvit, were re- solved upon defending the ground upon which their plenipotentiaries had agreed the Allies were to encamp in peace. The result of this en- gagement was soon decided. The Chinese took to flight, after a loss of more than six hundred men killed and seventy-five guns captired Two days afterwards, the French having mean- while received reinforcements, the Allies ad- vanced to attack the Chinese position, and after 0 brisk fire drove the enemy back, ant carried the bridge over the cunsl, on the im- perial high road to Pekin. The loss on this oceasion to the British was three killed and forty-seven wounded, and to the enemy a much greater number, besides forty-three guns. The Chinese army had now retired upon the city, and the British and French were cles: under its walle. These are the latest details received prior to the despatch to the English Foreign Office stating that Pekin surrendered to the Allies on the 13th of October, ant yielded to all their demands. Further, tha! the Emperor's summer palace was sacked, and a large amount of spoils ‘taken, and that the Emperor himself had fied to Tariary. Two of the party of seven captured were released, two others of the number, it was ascertained, had died of bratal treatment, and the remain der were missing, and supposed to have been bebeaded. It has been asked: bow do the Allies know but that in capturing Pekin they have over- thrown the central authority of the empire’ The exis‘ence of the Chinese government may have been dependent upon the safety of Pekin; and if so, the Allies are in a very perplexing posi- tion. Now that the Emperor has fled, his nowe of exacting obedience may have expired, and the question therefore arises. who are the Allies to negotiate with? Will the Vae-ing insur- gents ueurp the imperial authority, and what will be the effect of such 9 revolutionary cl! max throughout the empire, ood with record to the Western Powers? The spyyioas Chrivtvalty which there insurtectionist« \ ofess has render ed them obnoxions to the eyes of Europe; ond history procleims that wherever a corrupt rer sion of the Chrirtian cree’ Lav been adopted by « conquering people, the ‘onde been tw render their victory the Moody, their oppression heavier, ond their vio geanee the more cruel and relentices. What wenld only have been tyranny has often been com verted into monstrosity by the desire of net only subduing but protelrtizing. Bven the athelem of the present Chinese system of government is infinitely preferable to the zeob otiem of 8 false faith, according t every pro- vious exemple afforded we. There is one thing, however, certain, that whether the pro. oat Gone China be destroyed or not by the event, the of Pekin will greatly increase the of the Westera Powers, and particularly of the Britieh, ower the entice Indie and Japan the effect will ho Se eee prodigious upon the native mad, and tend more than anything else that 90tld have occurred te break down those barrie’s of ex- clusiveness which the nations of the far’ Orient have, century after century, struggled to main- tain againsi the enterprise of the West, Coser and closer, since the conquest of China ¥y Kubla-Khan, the West has been drawing” towards the East, but more particularly during the last three hundred years, owing to the Portuguese, and latterly the French, missionaries, who acted not only as the pioneers of the Romish church in those parts, but of commerce and civi- lization. It is doubtless from their efforts that the religion professed by the Tae-Pings bas originated, end this new religion was in all probability the prompting cause of the rebellion which they have been waging against the old dynasty. That China is now entering upon @ new era in her history, that the capture of Pekin is a great epoch, and that her ports will be henceforward free to the world, are certain. We ourselves shall be among the chief gainers by this change in Easterm affairs, for Japan, in particular, will see the futility of practising deceit and against such formidable odds,and lvari by example that prudence is the better part of valor. We await with interest the particulars of this important capture, and its effeet upon the empire at large, merely premising that an early peace will be far more advantageous to the Allies than any indemnity which’ may be exacted from the Chinese. The Robbery of the Interior Department— Excitement and Developemonta. The excitement caused by the news of the robbery of the Indian Trust bonds at Wash- ington was intense yesterday all through the city. For the time people seemed to forget the secession movement altogether, and the furor was considerably increased by the arrest of Mr. W. H. Russell as one of the parties impli- cated in some way in the transaction, and his conveyance to the federal capital. Mr. Russell, who, it may be remembered, was the con- tractor for the army of Utah during the Mor- mon rebellion, his contract covering several millions of dollars, is now the head of the Overland Pony Express, is extensively en- gaged in the coutracting business, and usually commands alarge amount of capital and poiiti- cal influence, The corruption into which all political parties have fallen bas literally demoralized all our governing bodies to such a degree that hardly a week pa:ses without bringing to light some gross fraud, swindle or defalcation of the pub- lic moneys. Between the corrupt course of the republicans in the State Legislatures, sell- ing their votes for gold, and backing up every * lobby job, the defalcationof State Treasurers, like those of Maine and Vermont, and the frauds now and then developing themselves among the democratio officials of the federal government, political parties of all complexions have come to be a burning shame and a scandal to the country. But this last affair, in the In-’ terior Department at Washington, is the most gigantic discovery of fraud whieh has yet taken place since the organization of the govera- ment, involving as it does—if report be trus— Cubinet officers, millionaires in New York and out West, and mammoth contractors, amount- ing to a sum of from eight hundred thoasand to three millions of dollars—for the exact amount plundered is not yet known, ‘Ihe possession of power in these days of spoils and plunder demorulizes every party organization, and thus we see that when one party is about to withdraw and give place to a new one, all at once the community is startled by the discovery of defalcations and frauds «nd robberies in public places. When Jackson was retiring, collectors, postmasters and other federal offivers all over the country were found to be in default, and it war so also at the termination of Van Buren’s regime: and now that the democratic party of this day is about to lose its grasp of power, to lose it, too, by the very force oi its corruption and disbonesty, which haye broken it to pivess, we see the very same scenes re-enacted, and on a larger scale. When the republicans are installed in power we may expect, from their an- tecedents in the Sta‘es where they bold office, that the corruption and plunder will be still greater than those of their predeces-ovs. The democrats are as it were go.ged wih the spoils of eight unbroken years’ accumulation; but the repab- leans are coming fresh and hungry into the field to fatten upon the sweets of the TreasfPy, whereof they have not yet tasied. With regard to the di*posal of the Indian ‘Trust Fund bonds stolen from the 1) partment of the Interior, nothing definite has vet been as- certained; but it was remarked about the time of the election that a great quantity of bonds of he seme choracter were thrown into Wail street, where, as the supp'y was much greater iban the demand, they of course | -preciated, and ore sti low—and now the cause is dis- cloved. it was thought at the time that they were put into the market for the specific par pose of cepreciating it; but that was absurd, for there was ground enough for depression in the polities} condition of the times after the election 6f Lineoln In the fece of this astounding discovery, it would be well for Congre to overhaul all the public deporanents before the republican par y come inte office, and endeavor, if possibte, to so reconstamet them as to put some cheek upon frend sud swindling. If they do not, there will be no Limit ( the corruption of the next four years, and particularly in these revo- lutionsry times, when everything like law aad order and decency appew (o be thrown to 1B winds. All the facts ascertained up to this time will be found in our money article to-day, in our Taw report, and in our telegraphie de- spatches from Warkingfoo Destruction by Fire of o icamehigi, end Probable Lots of All om Roand. Captain Hower, of Ship Soares, below elon, mepowee hating peed A ateantr on N. Bf Vortnada, Ram or her, @ blowing & ets of + t tho Wie pbout @ Gamrter of n yyle Crom Ber ye pe ple is tw water. Rowided to and (ried to got to thom, Gul cohid Not. Joit by the eteatier until Sve A. M., whee the rank. Kept vesr (he same position to tryand fare seme at the people fir Oro dept, het eRe notking Bub leometity or Mu! punubeons, apparct!y mp. ‘ it oko ————$— United States Divtrice Court. efor Hor Mides.— This ones i2 one in which the United Stagog ty trying to coefianato « ehipment of hider, on the @roang of undervaination. The hides wore abiopst F cum Lane don, and invoieed by 11 elaimant at \xgmoe, tall pmay fer pound, They were at frat appraine’ m the Curtog Tlouse at sigetoen ponee per pound. Tre elamente or tend tht the coeds were Ineotogd Choir marieat vna