The New York Herald Newspaper, December 16, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. ' JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF PULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, cash in advance. ent by rick of the wonder. None but bille “THE DAILY HERALD, toro cents per THE WEEKLY HEKALD, co y oes New York fonts per enpy. or BL 20 pe. a tile SEM UAL D, on Wedneaday, at four cente per ry, or Fann OY OME CORRESPONDENCE, containing important news, solicited from yf the world; if used, rill be Liber iatly patd for. ‘Paurevtarcy tixay AGES SENT US, NO NOTIOE taken of return unm WTO SRAL ALL Ly yrers nonymous correspondence, We do not Wolume XXV. SEMENS ay —Rienarp MI NIBLO'R GARDEN, Broa’ WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond sireet.— Tiaweer, POWERY THEATRE Equnstaian Troves, Bowery.—Sranping & Rooxn’s diway.—To Manny on Not ow WALLACK’S THEATRE To Makay—A Mack ror a W LAURA KLUNE'S THEATRE, No, 624 Broadway.— Srivn sists MEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Heune, tx How thi Maxine LOE PARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway —Day and Yvening. Tue Sea ov lor—Agtee CHiLnnes—Livine CoML @oites, &e PRYANTS' MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472, Broad Way. —Bumixseuns, suse. Dances, dee —itieuany IL 00) CAST SPELLS MLNSTRELS, Niblo’s Saloon, Lape x soscs, Dasers, Buitixogues, &e.— SIC HALL, 663 Broadway —Sovas, CANTERBURY MI Dances, BUKLESG MFLODEON, way.—Sonos, Dances, Bur ao reer vr 16, 1860, New ork, Sanuay, Dee The fenator Toombs, of Georgia, has published a letter, which, considering his well known opinions respecting public atiairs, and especially the ques- tion of Southern rights, is of importance, He Bays the constitution should be amended, and the amendments should be such as could neither be evaded nor re ed by the abolition States, and such a would give full and ample security to Southern rights. He adds that if the republican party will vote for these amendments, or even & majority vote in good faith in favor of them, they can easily be carried through Congress; and then he thinks it would be reasonable and fair to post- pone tinal action by the Southern States until the pgislatures of the Northern States could be con- ntly called together for definite action or amendment in regard to the Personal Liberty bills. Uf the Northern States refuse to acquiesce in this, then he urges Georgia to secede, by the 4th of March at the latest. Our Washington despatches state that Attorney General Black has received the appointment of Secretary of State, in place of Gen, Cass, whose retirement was announced yesterday. It is report- ed that Me, Edwin Stanton, formeriy of Pennayl- vania, but now a resident of Washington, will be Sppointed Attorney General, Mr. Edward Bates, of Missouri, visited Spring- field yesterday, at the invitation of the President ele Our correspondent states that it was cur- rently reported that Mr. Lineoin tendered to Mr, Hates the post of Secretary of the Interior in his Cabinet. Mr. Pickens was yesterday chosen Governor of South Carolina by the Legisiature of that State. A meeting of prominent gentlemen of this city was hetd in the building N 2 Pine street, yes- terday, for the purpose, brief, of saving the Charles O'Conor presided, and speeches by that gentleman, the Hon. Daniel 8. John MeKeon and Hiram Ketchum. {their remarks was that the South had The bu not offended, but that the North had, in nullifying tion by the passage of the Personal Li- which the speakers contended should An address resolutions were » rights of the South under and appointing the Hon. Bronson and Richard » go to South Carolina and make an appc > action be tuken on her part until the North shail have had an opportunity of satisfying them that the popular Bentiment of t prthern people is in favor of granting the South all the rights to which she is justly entitled. A full report appears on another page Ihe Court of Queen's Bench at Toronto yester- doy decided to deliver up to the United States aa- Tthorities the fugitive slave Jones, alias Anderson, who is charged with the murder of his master. One of the Judges dissented from his colleagues, and an appeal was taken. There was no attempt to rescue the prisoner. Wendell Phillips is advertised to deliver an abo- Jition harangue in Boston this forenoon. Consi- derable excitement on the subject prevailed there yesterday, as it was supposed the opponents of the incendiary sentiments of Phillips and his fana- Bical aiders and abettors would endeavor to sup- press the ting. The authorities, however, have taken measures to preserve order. ‘The Mayoi of the city and several members of the city government arrived in Washington last even- ing vn municipal business. The steamship Europa, Capt. Leitch, from Liver- pool on the Ist, via Queenstown on thi inst., ar- rived at Boston carly yesterday forenoon. The newa- paper bag of the press reached this city late last Pvening, placing us in possession of files to the 30th nit. A compilation of the news is given ia to-day's paper. Our usual files from the various Central American States have come to hand. The ghost Of filibasterism still creates alarm. The milMary Governor of Leor Nicaragua, has received official Orders from the Ministry of War to keep a strict Watch and inform the government of every suspi- Cious circumstance which may come to his know- ledge. This caution is due to a letter written from Bluefield, a town in Mosquitia, which states, on the authority of sowe lodians from Roatan, that a brother of Walker had arrived in the neighborhood Of the latter place, at the head of some three hun- dred men; but that knowing the fate of the former party they had disembarked at the isiand of Hocana, end were awaiting the arrival of one to two thou. fand men who were to follow from New Uricaus, ‘The threat of Gen. Henningsen has also added Bo little to the present alarm and uneasiness, The papers of Nicaragua, Sen Salvador, Guate- mala, Ac., are occupied with the subject. Presi- dent Martinez, of Nicaragua, has decreed, in com- pliance with article 7 of the Zeledon-Wyke treaty, in regard to the Territory of Moaquitia, that “ the port of Saa Juan be, and is declared, a free port for tho trade of all nations, under the regulations of the said treaty.” The decree is dated Novem ber 23. President Carrera, of Guatemaia, ixaned a de- cree assembling the Legislature on November 25, There is @ great deal of bickering among those little republics, Salvador is angry with Costa Rica for the death of Canas, and Costa Rica re. torts that the President, Berrios, of Salvador, encouraged the incursion of More for his ‘own private ambition. This latter republic ia also at odds and ends with Nicaragne for some petty offence or other. Regarding this «tate of @dings, some of the thinking men of those repub- Yos are afraid that, if the government of the United Btates were to lose its power and authority by se- the cont berty b be repealed. adopted recogniz the federal constitutic M Lathers commisioners ard Fillmore, e « ocvston for instance, Central America, divided as | uspended factories, depreciated paper, oredit the Union wes already separated.” it is, would full an easy prey to the filibusterism of | the Gul. States, The arrangements for the Gar a'd dom = stra- tion, on Tuesday evening next, were perfected last evening by the committee. The Cooper Institute is the place selected, and Jo n A. Dix will preside. A number of addresses will be Jelivered, und so original poem sung. by The skating on the | ars pou’ yesterday was very spirited. A large number of \ersons indulged ia the sport. A+ketch of the scene will be found in our reportorial columns, We are indebted to Adams’ express for papers delivered in advance of the mail. c «) make! cop inue: in esterday, witha & rom be rade, The a1 aace from about the lowest point since the panic sot in has been from 346. Wb. During tho depression mi idling uplan ts today they closed at about Lye. a ondding to style or quality, Tho aales reached about 1,000 baler, Flour was less active, and without change of moment in prices. Fi es were dim. © make pt at alow gares. Southern 4 request for shipment to the Weat Indies, with firmness, Wheat was firmly held, moodera.e, aud chiefly without change of joieee Corn was beay , witha fair amount of gat Lwer rates, Pork was heavy and lower, le & les cmbraced old mesa at $15 624;, new do. at | mem. wha M6, cid prime at $10 60. Sugars wer. in somewhat bot- Qui Bt ing. Groves ina measure me Ihe sls embraced Sbout 376 a 0 t reliuing, part at 470, a Se. Grocery Ci fle> was quiet and transactions wore moderate, including what at 1c. a Baage. for J. dad Close wt 4s. 54 engaged at 3s, 1041, aad Hour was a we Betas Tk ws Lom on 1 OOO Nox. flour was at 60. f herse Progress of the Great Revolution=Menac- ing State of Things. In al! the evolutions of repybiics, agdom snd empires, ancient and modera, we cra: find a precedent for this stupendous and com prehensive work of revolution and reconstruc tion which now devolves upon the these United States. We have nothing in th records of the Old World resembling the re mote, accumulating and immediate causes whic! we preipitating this revolution upon us; no is the nything in the past to guide usin the work of 9 peaceable reconstruction, excepting the example of the formition of our existing federal constitution. All history, however teaches us that when a grest revolutionary idea is once under a strong practical headway, it must run its course, This, then, is our present position, North ati? South, We are under the pressure of a great revolution, which must run its course. But we may still direct it to the ends of peace, or t reunion and harmony, or push it to the dread excesses of incurable divisions and perpetual war. Peaceably or otherwise, the day for a definite understanding upon this slavery ques tion has come, and it cannot any longer be post poned. Our most reliable advices from Washing ton assure us that all hopes still entertained in the North of a new compromise with the South within the Union are fallacious; that South Carolina, within the next ten days, wi surely declare herself absolved from any fur- ther allegiance to or connection wih our fede- ral government; that four other, or five “cotton States,’ before the expiration of the mouth of January, will have followed her example; and that, probably, the first month of Mr. Lincoln's administration will mark the union of the South in a Southern confederacy. The controlling impression in favor of this movement is, that the unbroken co operation of the Southern States in it will prevent all thought of violence. And what then? A_per- manent, independent Southern confederacy? This would be the most natural inference; but sagacious and hopeful men inform us that then, and only then, will the work of reconstraction begin. In this work of reconstruction, how- ever, we are told that the South never will con- sent to a reunion with the New England States. They are to be left where they desire to be— released trom all copartnersbip responsibilities in reference to the institution of slavery—in the full enjoyment of Lloyd Garrison's ulti- matum—“No union with slaveholders.”” W.th the six New England States thus cut off, the South, in their new Union, will hold a balance of power in the Senate, which, under an expla- natory amendment or so to the federal consti- tution as it stands, will give them all the seeu- rities required for the future protection of Southern slavery, When theories of reorganization such as this are seriously entertained among the most con- servative minds in Congress, our rea ters will comprehend the emergencies of the day. We do net recognise the probability of this indi- cuted plan of reconstruction. We incline, ra ther, to the opinion that once out of this Union in a confederacy to themselves, the Southern States cannot be re med. If the U 1. thea red and reconstructed, the task in volved must be undertaken at once, and with a full recognition, on all sides, of the new eon- cessions required to render this uadertaking successful. But what ground of hope is ther for any such thing? Mr. Lincoin, the President elect, continues incredulous of danger. Tis party leaders in Congress are defiant; his par ty organs, with here and there an exception } proclaim the penalties of treason against South- } ern disunionists, and are incensed that Mr Buchanan hesitates to crush them with the strong arm of federal authority In all this there is nothing like conciliation. | The republican party will not be bullied, Ob! no. Rather then abandon theit untenable po- sitions on the slavery question they will perish ‘ where they stand. What is the Union com- | pered with their principles? Mr. Senator Hale says, substantially, that if the South try seces- ion against the triumph and enforcement of | these principles, there will be war, and, he says, let it be war! Thus the condition of things upon us is revolutionary and fearfully menac- ing. What are we of the North to do? What re the foreshadowed consequences to this city | from a Southern confederacy? Some say we can ‘detach the city from the State, and declare it a free city and a free port. But this idea is ab- surd, for the State authority covers the city, and it is a sovereign authority, The city must stand or fall with the State, The best that the people of the North, in- cluding ont fellow citizens of New York, city and State, cam do, is to prepare for the worst. The chances are all against the Union; that when Mr. Lincoln comes into power he will find several States cut off from the Union by State action; that he will attempt eoercion; that he will thus drive the rest of the Southern States out of the Union, and that, perhaps, he may then pursue ' bie policy of coercion into a widespread civil war. We know that the calamities of disunion, even short of civil war, will bring general dis- tress upon all the country. Let us pre- pare for it—for broken banks and railway companies, bankrupt merchanta, ple o is to be re NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 16, 185 0. destroyed, and ‘or ‘bousands of destitute fami- lies thrown out of employment. Let us pre- pare, too, against the possible contingencies of combinations of starving and desperate men taking the law into their own hands ia their struggle for existence. Who one short month ago could have believ- ed there dreadful fores-hadowings of the winter before us—disunion, commercial and financial chaos, general distress, and, perhaps, civil war? Who could have supposed there Was 80 much of danger in this disunion sentiment of the South? Our warnings have been laughed at. The Hs- RALD bas been denounced a3 the panic maker Dut who is it that cannot now comprehend the fact that when three thousand millions of slave pro; erty are at stake, and the safety of South- ern socicty is imperilled, this Union to the South becomes a mere rope of sand? We are appalled with the thickening dangers of these dreadiul times, Mr. Lincola and the chiefs and organs of the republican party, however, may, petbaps, still save the country, and restore to is several parts union, confidence and harmo- ny, if they will, They have only to abandon their irrepressible conflict,” and to come for- ward wh the olive branch to the South while yet the Union hol iy: together, Will they ‘ry this experiment of sacrificing their sectional, disorganizing programme to -+vve the Union? We fear that they will not; but if they do not, farewell to the expectation of anything but mischief from Lincoln’s admin- istration, and welcome at least the swift destruc- tion which will follow to this disastrous repub- ican party. Fraying for the The efficacy of prayer has been admitted by cameny gencra ions and in so many different ceeds that it wenld be a work of supereroga- tion to deny it at this late day. It is, however, acurious fict that the e:uelty of a nation in- creases in the exact ratio of its piety. Pro- b. bly the ha:dest preying people that the world bas ever seen are the Hindoo Brahmins and tle Arcb Sheiks, The time which they do ne Cecupy in their devotions, or in the ordi- nay affairs of every day life, is taken up for tie devising of plans for the cutting off of beret cs und infidels, The Christian church prevents us with a vast amount of evidenge, go.rg to!Lew that, however effective the pe- titors of people who account themselves among the elee may be with the Throne of Giece, they most certainly have a tendency to harden the Learis of the petitioners. When the Spanish inquisitors puta poor trembling wre'ch uy on the rock, aves and poters without number were thrown in fee of charge. That Queen of Erglhud known as “Bloody Mary” > norcly cwoy from her oratory, and James the Sccond was as pious as he was mean, which is saying a great deal, Nor were the Dissenters much better. Cromwell never prayed that the seerts of the cavaliers might be turned from {Le error of their ways, but he asked that the arms of te Covenanters might be strengthened +o that they could smite the friends of the man Stuart, even as the children of Israel over- threw the Mi This fanatical spirit seems to have been transmitied in the blood of the Puritans, and dsseminated throughout New England and ome parts of the North. With a few honorable exceptions the Northern clergy has labored zea- tousiy to draw down Divine vengeance upon the Sout. In every New England village sermons have been preached against the “i of the Scuth. The success of men like Parker, Beecher and Kirk bas turned the beads of hundreds of divinity students, who have been induced to believe that by preaching and praying against the South they would be sure of loud calls and fat salaries in the North. Without doubt this tendency of the pulpit has aided greatly in the ubolitionizing of the North. The people of New England are naturally a pjous, God-fearing, praying and preaching race. They have, both ia State and church, a bad of jumping at the conclusion that they are right, and every- body else necessarily wrong; and, therefore, we are pot surprised to find them in the atti- tude of utter hostility to the South. By-and- by, after the miscLief is done, we see signs of a revulsion in public opinion. Boston rises against an abolition meeting, and defeats the republican candidate for the M.) oralty. Boston undertakes, alvo, to get up a prayer meeting for the Union, and succeeds in part. It appears that the Boston Young Men’s Chris‘ian Associa- tion have held a special meeting “for prayer to Aimighty God that Le will overrule the pre- pnt troubles of our beloved country for her best interest and the advancement of Christ's king- The Episcopal Bishop of Massachu- took the chair, and read seloctions rem the common prayer book (not an aboli- tion document), also quoting from Joel, second chapler, commencing at the twelfth verse. The Bishop then made a few remarks, carefully avoiding the matters in dispute, and ending with an exhortation for “ier prayers that this day of trouble may pass away.” The Epis- copal eburch is emnently conservative, ani the Bishop kept that fact in bis mind. India criminate praying then commenced. A brother, whose name is not given, remarked, very sen sibly, that something ele besides praying was to be done; he prayed, however, that persons in authority “might not compromise the Chris- tian religion.” Mr. F. W. Kimball believed that the people might be prayed out of their diffi culty, and proceeded to do his part of the work. A colored Lrother, named Jones, prayed “God will redeem us from the cursed in tiation of slavery.” A white brother was much exercised about the people of the South ond prajed that they might be endowed with “prudence,” and that our rulers might “be blessed with wisdom,” of wuich they verily stand in sore need. Mr. Ricker made a few re- marks, embodying the very pertinent sugges tion that they were there not merely to pray for others but for themselves, and for the cur- ing of their own sins. He bad “suffered every- thing but death from that institution” (slavery), but had taken it easy. A colored man, named Byaa, believed that Christ’s hand was in the work of the anti-slavery party, and there would be no peace until there was achange, He (Byas) would “meet them on the morning of the resurrection and tell them all about it” The Rev, Mr. Kirk put the finishing touch to this remarkable meeting. Mr. Kirk had hesitated about coming to the meeting for fear that he might disagree with some of the brethren on the subject of slavery, bat “he was rejoiced to find that others thought as he did, and he must speak his mind.” Mr. Kirk's mind runs to the idea that although the Union is valuable the almighty nigger is more so. “If a compromise with slavery was required This anites. gentle shepherd was not to be gagged | party, as soon as Lincoln comes iato power on i by the South, and he wound up with ‘a “fer- | the 4th of March he will wage war against the vent prayer for the slave” and for “our rulers,” putting the slave first. Perhaps the Rev. Mr. Stockbridge referred to Kirk when he prayed “for the restraint of those who would uuwisely irritate the feelings of any one,” and perhaps not. At any rate the meeting adjourned in rather an agreeable state of mind, singing the old fashioned Puritan anthem, “Coronation.” We are very much inclined to doubt the cficucy of the prayers of people who have done their best to pull down the shrine, and now profess a certain degree of pious anxiety that the edifice they have helped to undermine may yet stand firm. Doubtless they all agreed in their hearts with Kirk, who deserves a certain degree of respect for consis- tency, however untrue he may be to his mission asa preacher of the Word which is founded vpon the cardinal principle, “peace on earth, yood will to men.” The Seriptures tell us that he prayer of the righteous man availeth much, but there uré wlso some pungent allusions to tie Pharisees, who pray at the corners of the sirects and say to their fellow man, “get theo bebind me, for lam better than thou.” We: leave to our readers the disagreeable task of: deciding in which eategory the saints ef the modern Athens shall be placed. The Attorney General’s Opinion About Coercion of a Seceding State. ‘The opinion of Att; General Black in reply to the grave q ions propounded to him by the President appeared in Monday's Hevarp, and doubtless has been perused by mo-t of our readers, It is an argument of irre- sist ble force, and it appears that it was on this exposition of constitutional law that the Presi- dent founded that portion of his Message in which be discusses the question of secession, and the alleged right of the federal government to prevent or remedy it by force of arms. The Attorney General officially declares that nei- ther to the President nor to Congress does the constitution grant, either expressly or by im- plication, the right to make war against one or more of the States, The federal government's war making power under the constitation is li- mited to repelling foreign invasion, and it can call forth and use the militia of the invaded State for that purpose. Jt cannot enter a State for the purpose of carrying on hostilities against it. It is true that it is authorized to suppress insurrection against a State, but that is only when it is invited to do 40 by the Legislature of the State, or by its Governor when the Le- gielature is not in session. The case of the Whiskey insurrection in the western counties of Pennsylvania in 1794. has been referred to by republican journals as analogous to the case of South Carolina. But the two cases are entirely different. It was with the concurrence and active assistance of the Governor and Legislature of Pennsylvania, and part of the mililia of the State, that the federal government put down the rioters who resisted the execution of the Excise laws. To wage war against a whole sovereign State is a very different affair. In the second war with England, when the brave militia of Kentucky and Tennessee marched fifteen huntred miles to New Orleans, where they won a victory without a parallel in the history of war, the Stetes of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhodo Island declined to furnish the quota of militia de- manded by President Madison, and the Supreme Court of Maasachusetts sustained them on the ground that the Governors of States, and not the President, were to judge of the exigency for call- ing them out. And yut the leaders of the republi- can party, which is predominant in the New England Staies, now talk of sending to invade sister States, the militia which was refused when it was needed for the constitutional and pa- triotic purpose of repelling British invasion. One of the objects of the Union, as declared in the preamble to the constitution, is to “in- sure domestic tranquillity.” To employ the forces of some of the States to invade other States would be a strange mode of accomplish- ing that object. In the words of the Attorney General, such an act “would absolve all the States from their federal obligations,” for to “hold equal States as subjugated provinces would totally destroy the whole theory upon which they are now connected,” and “the Union must utterly perish at the moment when Congress shall arm one part of the people against another.” Suppose the invaders suc- ceeded, could they by coercion compel a State to send Senators or representatives to Congress, or to join in the election of a President? The attempt to force revolting States back into the Union would be like bringing a horse to the water which we could not compe! him to drink, ora man whipping his wife to compel her to live with him, and love him, after she had left him for bad treatmet. It is only by concilia- tion, therefore, that there can be any hope of restoring a seceding State. The Attorney General gives his opinion about the collection of the revenue and the protection of the federal property, but he does not say anything about the Post Office. How is that difficulty to be met? How are the United States mails to be got over the line of a seceding and hostile State? From the President's Message, and from the opinion of his legal adviser, ic is evident Mr. Buchanan will not employ force against the State of South Carolina, or any other seceding Stace. He will, for the present, uso merely such force as is necessary to collect the reve- nue at Charleston as long as any civil federal authority exists there to control it; but if the civil offices cannot be filled, and there ix no federal Judge, District Attorney or Marshal, then “troops would certainly be out of place, and their use wholly illegal.” In any case they would act only on the defensive, in pro- tecting the federal property or the proper officers in the collection of the revenue. This Mr. Buchanan proposes to do as far as the means at his disposal are adequate, “until « new order of things shall be established, either by law or force.’ In other words, till Congress relioves him by law in acknowledg- ing the independence of South Carolina, or ti}! that Stato brings sufficient force to overwhelm the small federal force, and take possession o the forte and harbor. But according to the latest intelligence from Charleston, South Carolina does not intend to resist the collection of the revenue during Mr. Buchanan's adminis tration, and till sho is in a position from con- cert with the other seceding States to maintain her independence by force. The Southern States will therefore secedo, ‘and remain in secession during the administra tion of Mr. Buchanan, without any resistance on his part. But from all that wo can learo (row the organs and loaders of the ropublican seceding States, and thus not only break up the whole Union, but prevent the possibility of ite reconsructtion on any terms, Tue Distress ty Kansas—Propcets ov Re- PuBLicaN Poticy.—A few evenings since a meet- ing was held in the Cooper Institute for the re- lef of the suffering people of Kansas, and a @oodly sum of money was raised for that pur- pose. The charity and benevolence of New York are proverbial; no appeal to the sympathy of ite citizens is ever made in vain. There can be no doubt that the people of Kansas are in great destitution—in absolute need of food— and it is but right that their claim for assist- ance should meet a response such as has beeo accorded to them. But what are the causes from which their present distress has sprung? It is due entirely to the course which the re- publican party have chosen to pursue with re gard to that Territory, for purely political pur- poses, ‘The republican party, by means of emigrant aid societies, Beecher’s sermons, Sharp's rifles and other exciting agencies, poured a host of emigrants, numbering some thirty or forty thousand, into Kansas for the avowed purpose of excluding slavery from a Territory which the edict of God has declared can never exist there—which the laws of nature, governing soil, and climate, and geographical positioa, have pronounced impossible there —and they have done this to build up a political party, and raise up issues upon an abstraction, to defy and embarrass the administration, and to gain pewer and importance for themselves. The Territory of Kansas therefore is to-day over- come with a population far beyond its re- sources to maintain, a population, too, which, unfortunately for themselves in this exigency, devoted more time to political broils and civil discord than to the cultivation of the land. It isno wonder then that hunger and distress reign in Kansas. Fut it happens that the very same party, and the pursuance of the same policy which brought about this state of things in Kansas, and have reduced its inhabitants to the neces- sity of appealing to the sympathies of their pretagen in tbe States, and even of that admi- nistration which they went out there to deride and damage, kave at this moment spread dis- tress and panic throughont tis whole breadth of the land. It is the action of the republican party which has arrested the course of trade, caused all the material interests of the country to depreciate to tlhe amount of six hundred millions of dollars, the factories to cease work, to turn out hungry into the streeis of this metropolis and the other commercial and manu- facturing cities of the Union thousands of operatives, with hungry families looking up to them for bread; to disorganize every system and destroy every interest in the entire repub- lic, the recovery of which no man can see. It is not to the thirty or forty thousand sufferers alone ia the Territory of Kensas that the policy of the republican party has brought want and hunger and embarrassment, but to thirty millions of people in the United States. It is not the Kansas people alone who will have to look to the charitable and benevolent for assistance, but millions of unemployed poor in our own cities and towns, before this dreary winter is past. Nor a By o or Roses.—It is sid that Mr. Bu- chanun, a year ago or more, ia a conversation with « friend or two upon the suicidal squab- bles of the demoralized democracy, declared that he was counting the daysto the day of bis deliverance from the incessant cares and bar- dens of his labor'ous office. No one then supposed him to be resting upon a bed of roses; but who is there, among our ambi- tious politicians, who would voluntarily change places with him now? His Secretary of the Treasury, anticipating the secession of Georgia from the Union, anc pleading his para- mount allegiance to his State, resigns bis post, and his successor comes into his piace only to find that the Treasury is Hterally empty, and over bead and ears indebt. Mr. Buchenan dis- mivsos ir. Cobb with regret; but no sooner is this vacancy filled than the old Nestor of the Cabinet, General Cass, delivers up his port- folio as Secretary of State. The reason for bis retirement is reported to be the refusal of Mr. Buchanan to strengthen the garrison of Fort Moultrie, at Charieston. Nor is this all. Rumors are abundant of the resignation, and the contemplated resignation of Secretary ‘Lhe mpson, of the Department of the Interior, and because the President has ordered, or is abc ut to order, a ship-of-war to Charleston. Who ean envy Mr. Buchanan his undesirable respenstbilities and difficulties at this crisis? Bui believing him to be right in his opinion thai conciliation, and not cvercion, is the pro- per policy to be pursued towards the South, including South Carolina, we say let him stand his ground and avoid gunpowder to the last extremity. The republican party are using their utmost energies to compel him to break ground for them in their poliey of coercion. Mr. Lincoln, they tell us, will not hesitate in adopting it. Then, if possibie, let the honor of opening « civil war be left to the choice of Mr. Jjneoln. Time Vorce ts Sirti, ron War.—The Chevalier Webb, of the Courier, having donned his regi- mentale fur seven years’ service in the tented field, ie zealously pushing the doctrine that if all attempts at conciliation fail with the dis- contented Southern States, the Union, by force of arms, must «till be maintained, whatever may be the costs anc calamities of civil war. But before we thus plunge into a civil war these two questions it would be well to consi- der:—Firsi, how long wil! it last? and, se- cond, in what shape will the Union come out of it? Is it not possible that once in for it, before we can extricate ourselves from this civil war we sball be #0 crippled and alionated from each other, North and South, that the armed intervention of England or France, or both, may be bronght to bear upoa us to reduce us to terms of peace? And where, then, will be this Union of to-day? Or if, in this experiment of civil war, the Southern States are borne down and brought back into the Union, as anb- jugnted rebellious provinces, will the results be of any value to the Union? But South Caro- lina is going out, and several other States will follow her. How are they to be restored to the Union except by wart We answer, by the agencies of peace, and that, secession or no secession, it is folly and wickedness on the part of any man, however muoh ho may dosise to figure asa military chieftain, to proach the healing virtues of givil war. Tae “Tnrernessmix Convict” ~% Tus Re roBLicay Camr.—Our readers will perceive that there aresymptoms of a deadly conflict between the moderate men and the ultras of the repub- lican camp at Washington, and that this week the war is expected to break out. Let it come; for the speedy dissolution of this antislavery republican party would be the best of all com- promises for the Union, THE CRISIS OF THE NATION. Important Manifesto of Sena- tor Toombs, The Concessions Required from the North. Judge Black Appointed Secre- tary of State, Gloomy Aspect of Affairs at the Federal Capital. The President's Proclamation of a Day of Ha- milistion, Fasting and Prayer, Mr. Corwin’s Propositions to the House Crisis Committee. Prospect of a Popular Outbreak in Boston To-day, &e., &e., &e, Interesting Leiter from Senator Toombs, AvGUSTA, Dec. 15, 1360. It is understood that Senator Toombs is about leaving for Washington. He has just published a letter in refe- rence to the fifth article of the constitution. Ho» says the constitutiou should be amendet, and the amon imonts should be such 48 could neither be eva led nor resistad by the abolition States, and such as would give full and am. ple security to Southern rights. He adds that if the re- publican party will vote for these amendments, or even & majority vote in good faith in favor of them, they can eas!» be carried through Congr’ ss; and then be thinks it would be reasonable and fair to postpone final action by the Southern States until the Legislatures of the North- orn States could be conveniently called together for de- finite action or amendment in regard to the Personal Liberty bills. If the Northern States refuse to acquiesce in this, then he urges Georgia to secede, by the 4th of March at tho latest. ‘The Georgia Legislature will adjourn next Weduesday. Nothing of general interest is transpiring OUR DESPATCHES FROM WASHINGTOS, Wasaoroy, Dec. 15, 1860 ‘This has been a day of gloom aud despondency at the seat of government, and the elements themselves coa- tributed to the general solemnity. A violent snow sturm commenced early this morning, and bas raged ail day with uninterrupted violence, $ At the White House the consultations were of the most impressive character. The venerable President sceme grave almost lo sadness, and the withdrawal of his lang ‘ried and cherished frieud, Gen. Cass, from bis bosom councils, makes his sorrow more poignant and more difli- cult to overcome. Mis touching recommendation for a day cf fasting, humiliation and prayer, breathes seatimeats which spring from the bottom of his heart; and while @ pall seems to Lang over the Presidential Mansion, the va- rious Departments seem also mantied in gloom. In the Post Office Department, the absence of Postumster Gene- ral King, who is obliged to relinquish official duties tem- porarily on account of the serious illness of a boluved daughter, the absence from sickness of the Firet and Second Assistants, and the sad and uncertain condition uf our national aifaire, cause a desponuent air to be every- where visible. In thestate Department the aspoct is auke funereal, for it s.ems a8 if one of the fathers of Wie repubue departed when Gen. Cass surreudered be portioio, In the midst of the provailing gloom, a re port, fortunately uufounde!, was curreutiy circ slated that one of the Cobinet officsrs ad sutdeuly died, from the edeets of agiiuuon produced by discussing the questions of the day, and the beeaking up of . Altogether, it has been the gicomiest day uational capito! has beheld for very mauy years; and one looked upon the unfinished dome of the Capitol, ished wings of the maguificent edifies, the ruins of the Colisseum at Rome were brought vividly te huis mund’s oye. In many sur neler bis ef or the rema hans of the youn, and energetic Vic sugecetion is not at all unfayorabls Presicent Buchanan will no doubt stand to the heim of the slip of State f porsibie, guide her safely \..-ough the -torms aud disasters which threatens her ou every wide. The late great Union demonstration in Philadelphia has been the subject of scarcely a single remark in any quar. ter in Washingteu, In fact, everything that savors of pacification fails like lead upon the cold heart of the bation’s capital in this hour of peril. Judge Black, the present Attorney General, bas received the eppointuent of Secretary of State, vice Geperal Case, resigned, It 's reported that Fdwin Stanton, of Peanayl- ania, an eminent lawyer, now in this city, will take the post of Attorney General. The appointment of Secretary Thompson as Commis. sioner to North Carolina may render his resignation ue- ceesury. ‘The report that he has resign The reasons and motives assigned for signation, after mature deliberation, are “d that the President ais term into the vient, aud the tertained. But rr badly not yet perfectly anderstood, It may be that he is preparing « statement for the public, which ought to and will exma- brace his views at large on the state of the country General Seott's intervention is pregnant with meaning, and the duties to be assigned to him will end in guod or evil, 11 ie believed he is in harmony with the President, and (hut he has councilled a wise and masterly inactivity in regard to reinforcing the federal toops at the South. If it should #0 Warn out that ho is to be sent South, © will be only in the character of pacificoior, and in that capreity he will be received with respect. One thing ie cortein, his efforts, and all efforts, will be vaim until the North, on mass, at once wad in sober carneet, assumes that attitude whicb slope can now arrest the ruin thas starce the country in the free. Despatches were received this morning at the Navy Department from the Pacific aquadron. Lient. John P. Hamilton, of South Carolina, ha» tendered his resignation to the Navy Department, and bas been permitted by the fing officer of the Paciic equadron,in whieh he was serving, toreturn to the United States. Me intends to oxponse the cause of his native Ptate ‘The resignation of General Cass uy be (he ccoamon of unwarranted congratulations amoag the {riends of coor. clon. He advieed, it is undervood, the application of federal force, both Army and Nevy, to the trowbies at Ghariceton. I about be remetubered Laat seoession, though hhreatened, bee not yet been consummated by South Carolina. If General Gass approved, om it seems that he did, of Ube peeceable doctrines of the Message, what ec currence einer Dee eo changed the question as to relieve him in his present position of glaring inconsixteney. Uf the ordinance of secession bad been adopted, end the feler.] property and interesta were, as they thea woudl, have been, aprotheted, the General might have consty- tently urged the application of the federal powers Yo their protection. Neither does it appear thet én each aa event the President will not use the army and the avy. The question then will not be the aame as the qvistion now, snd then the President might wot ditiee wit, Gene. el Come, Senator Wilson's letter to Hom. Caleb Cunlvug i out, Tt & enainly devoted to the exbuuning OF 1H desler otiomy