The New York Herald Newspaper, December 10, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W, CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. in advance. Money sent mail will he at the cata de me eer, Tot te emet B THE DAILY HERALD, two Cents por copy, $1 per annum, THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at ix cont ‘aureum: the Buropean Edition ecery Wedw Or $to any part f the Continent, bod postage; the he lat, LLdh, tand Blot of each month, at wx IERALD on Wednesday, at four cents per ™ {RESPONDENCE, containing important Md. M he » inctude 1e "veorld; if wrerty will CORRESPONDENTS ARK ... No, 344 | AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth street.—Graaax OreRa—STRADELLA. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway. —Macaetit | WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street. Ricueniev, BOWERY THEATRE, Equestniay Teoure WALLACK’S THEATRE, cure LAURA KEENE) BEVEN Sistens, NEW BOWERY THEATE! Srexp—Lerreny TicketT—Savi Bowers.—Sraupinc & Roger's | Broadway.—Movet, Hyro- 'S THEATRE, No, 624 Broadway.— Rowory,—Menennt's ‘B's DauGuTen. adway.—Day and —LiviNG Cuntost BARNUM’S AMER’ Evening—Massaxiecu mins, &0. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad. way.—Hugixsguis, Sonus, Dances, &.—Used Up. CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 663 Broadway.—Soxgs, Dances, Bueresques, &e. MELODEON, No, 589 Broadway.—Soxes, Daxors, Bur. LESQUAS, &e ACADEMY OF DESIGN.—Exurmrrion oF Foxp Socinty NATION AT. THe Axtists Rev. J, C. Puetower’s Leerene COOPER INSTITUTE ON ITALY AND Ganipat Yonkers.—Woon's Mixsrar.s In FARRIN a Buacesauss, &.—Wivow's Frmiortan ApMinEnt MALL, pxus, Dances, New York, Monday, December 10, 1860. lope four distinct points—First, that abolitioniam is not founded in Scripture; second, that its prin- ciples have been promulgated chiefly by misre- presentation and abuse; third, that it leads, in multitudes of cases, to-utter infidelity; and fourth, that abolitionism is the chief cause of the strife that agitates and the danger that threatens our country. He closed with an appeal for the Union. A full report will be found on another page. | The murder of Mrs. Sarah Shancks still remains | involved in mystery. Notwithstanding the exer- | tions of the police and the Coroner, neither the | young carpenter nor Hardy can be found. The detectives say they were on the track of the car- penter on Saturday night, but after several hours’ search they lost the clue, and were as badly at sea asever. Captain Caffrey reports that a young man answering the description of the carpenter | entered a dry goods store in Eighth avenue, on Saturday night, for the purpose of buying a flannel shirt. The clerk in the store saya he observed blood marks on the man’s hands and hat, and that his general appearance was very suspicious. It seems hardly probable, however, that the murder. er would allow the blood to remain upon his hands and clothing so long after the commission of the deed, and hence we attach but little importance to the incident. There are many silly rumors and stories afloat in connection with the marder which would hardly bear perusal. Over thirty witnesses have been subpoenaed to attend the inquest to-day. The bark La Plata arrived here yesterday from Buenos Ayres, which port she left onthe 24th of | October. By the La Plata we are informed of the | conclusion of the labors of the Convention of Santa Fe, whi y the province of Buenos Ayres has finally become, to all intents and purposes, one of the States of the Argentine confederation. Gov. Mitre took the oath of allegiance to the confede- ration on the 21st of October, in the presence of the assembled citizens. Thé event was solemnized by a Te Deum in the cathedral, and at night there were pyrotechnic displays and great rejoicings of the people. A revolution had occurred in the pro- vince of Santiago del Estero, but previous to the safing of the La Plata the revolutionists had be- come reconciled, and all was again quiet. The United States brig Dolphin left Buenos Ayres, Octo- ber 21, for home, via Montevideo and Rio Janeiro, Among the passengers who arrived at this port on board the La Plata were Commander Page and se- veral other officers of the La Plata exploring expedition, who have completed their labors in a very satisfactory manner. We are indebted to ~ | Mr. B.S. Wallace, one of the officers of the expe- MAILS FOR BUROPE The New York Herald—-Edition for Europe. The Conard mail steamship Arabia, Captain Stone, will teave Boston, on W 1 Liverpool ‘The mails for Europe will close in this city to-morrow afternoon, at aquarter past one and at half-past five o'clock , to go by railroad. ‘Tux Evxorean Epmion or TH: Harr will be published at eleven o'clock in the moruing. Siugle copies, in wrap: pers, six cents The contents of the FE: will combine the news 1 the office during the previow publ ax Rurnoy oF Tue Heraxp by mail and telegraph at vook, and up tothe hour of MAILS FOR THE PACIFIC. ‘The mail steamship } this port toanorrow, a paugh, will le noon, for Aspinwall The mails for California and other parts of the Pacitic will close at ten o'clock to-morrow morning ew York Warxty Hexarp—California edition ¢ z the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, with « large quantity of local and miscellaneous matter, will be published at nine o'clock in the morning Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents Agents will please send in Uneir orders as early as pos: eit The telegraphic despatehes which we publish this morning bearing on the secession move- ment will be read with interest. Our des- patches from Washington sketeh the proceedings of the recent caucus of Southern Senators and give the plan of action proposed to be pursued. Secretary Cobb's letter to the people of Georgia it is expected, will be made public in a few days. It is said that his views are in diametrical opposition to those advanced by the President in his Message. He maintains the right of secession, and it is supposed that on the publication of his letter he will be compelled to retire from the Cabinet. There were rumors in Washington yesterday that he had already resigned, but they seem to have had no foundation, From Charleston it is reported that great activity pre- vails at Fort Moultrie, and the movements of the garrison would seem to indicate that an attack from the secessionists is anticipated. In Florida the people are reported to be v enthusiastic and unanimous for secession. Liacoln was burned in effigy at Fernandina on Friday. The Joint Se- leet Commi on Federal Relations of the Legis- latare of North Carolina have agreed to report on Wednesday nexta bill calling a convention to de- termine what that State shall do in the present crisis. The steainship Huntsville, Capt, Post, which ar- rived yesterday morning from Savannah, brought to this city eighty-six steerage passengers, who were sent back by the authorities, There was another “irrepressible conflict” row in Boston yesterday on the occasion of a lecture by Fred Donglass in Music Hall. There was much excitement, but we do not learn that any heads or bones were broken. We publich in our news columns two editorials from the South Carolina papers on the Presi- dent's Message. The Charleston Mercury infers from the position assumed by the President in his Message on the secession question that the mili- tary power of the United States will not be used to coerce South Carolina after she goes out of the Union. It believes the President has done his best to avert the catastrophe of a dissolution of the | Union. A}! he can do now is to make the separation peaceable, The South Carolinian sympathizes with the President in his present embarrassing position. The denial of the President in his Message to Con- gress of the constitutional right of any State to secede from the Union is met by the question, “Area people without any redress against ty ranny !"' This, the South Carotinian ¢ have, and refers to the text of the De Independence, and the Bill of Rights attached to | each State constitution. The South Carolinian considers the whole Message obscure and inex pressive, and in most of the practical difficulties that must arise it sees in it an anxiety on the part of the President to avoid revolution. The portions of the Message on foreign affairs, duties, tariff, &e,, &e., are all subjects which concern Sou Carolina no longer. The Rev. Henry J. Van Dyke, pastor of the First Presbyterian church, corner of Remsen and Nton streets, Brooklyn, summoned the attention of his congregation last evening to an elaborate discourse on the Cheracter and Influence of Abo- litionism o* viewed from the Seriptaral stand- point. In his opening prayer he invoked the blessing of God upon the different classes of men in either section of the Union. He took his text from the Firat Fpistle of Paul to Timothy, sixth chapter, from the first to the fifth verse, in clusive, in which the apostle counsels his son in the Gospel to exhort and teach the sentiment, “Let os many servants 9@ are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and His doctrine be not blasphemed."’ The sermon was 4 strong anti. ebolition disconrse. The reverend gentleman con- tended that the tree of abolitioniam was evil, evil wl, apd that continually. He proceeded to deve | dition, for files of Buenos Ayres papers, some ex- tracts from which, and details of the news general- ly from that quarter of the globe, will be found in another column. There are now on the Atlantic Ocean a0 less than ten ocean mail steamers, on their way to New York, Boston and Portiand, eight being bound to this port and one to each of the others named. Files of Rio Janeiro papers to October 24 are to hand. The result of the elections throughout the empire was not definitely known. Accounts from various proviuces are conflicting—both libe- rals and conservatives claiming the victory. At Pernambuco, on October 13, the President of the pr ee, accompanied by the inspector of the arsenal and other officials, paid a visit to the United States steamer Seminole, Commander Pren- tiss. The Seminole was to have sailed the same day for Rio, and thence to the Parana river. Ex- change at Rio remains the same as at last ad- vices—London, 27.90, Sales of coffee from the Sth to the October amounted to about 133,000 bags, of which 64,000 were bought for United States markets, and prices had improved 100 to 200 reis since the sailing of the last packet for England. The cotton market was dull on Saturday, and sales con- fined to 300 4 400 bales, in lots, Amidst sueh limited trans- actious we omit quotations. The spinners appear to buy from hand to mouth, while shipments are being more ect from the South, on grow ers’ account iombling block to movements in this article, for which there was a fair inquiry, but at bids under the views of buyers, is found in the low rates of sterling exchange, to which may be added the unw.l lingness of holders to make time sales, while business paper remains so difficult to negotiate, except ata dis count of about 18 per cent. Sterling exchange yesterday was nominal,and the highest quotations for bankers’ bills were at 103, while produce bills, with papers at tached, were irregular and diffeult to quote. The same causes operated upon the export demand fo: which, with bad weather, tended to check hence transactions were moderate. and chiefly to the mestic trade. The chief do Wheat was influenced by the same cir cumstances, while sales were less than those of the day previous, and closed heavy. Corn was dull and lower, with sales of Western mixed at 58¢. a 59%c afloat. Pork, with moderate sales, closed du for mess, and at $10 $11 for prime. In sugars, owing in part to the inclemency of the weather, there was little or nothing done to make a market, and the same may be said of coffee. Freights wore steady, with a fair amount of engagements. Corn to Liverpool was taken at 124d. a 134(4., in bulk and ship's bags, and at 13c. alde. for wheat, in bulk and bags. The Position of the President Elect=The Chicago Platform Nallified by the Popu- lar Vote, The great question before the country re- solves itself, just at the present moment, into the simplest form. On one side we have the dis- unionists at the South, and on the other the radi. eal republicans, with an apparent majorit¥ in | the North. Between these contending factions stands the great conservative barrier made up from the solid men of the Northern, Central, | Western and border Southern States, In 1850 | the Union was imperilled from precisely the | same causes which now endanger it; but the conservative no-party men, acting with the democracy, succeeded in quieting the storm and placing poor Pierce in the Presidential chair. He made the serious mistake of sup- posing that he was the President of a party rather than of the whole country, and the effect of this blunder has not only annihilated the | democratic organization, but, what is of far greater consequence, it has seriously jeopar- | dized the future of the republic. Now, as this evil has come upon us through the selfishness of the politicians, it ix time that we put away from us all such paltry things as party organizations, with their pretended obli- gations and their flimsy platforms. We mifst meet the great issue calmly, quietly, and after the manner of sensible men. In the cotton States, the secession feeling is, beyond all doubt, very strong. The teal danger to the | country lies in the fact that the South believes | that the election of Lincoln is a formal decla- | ration of war npon the peculiar institution, and that the patronage of the new administration will be used to carry out the doctrines of the | Helper book, and thereby create an antislavery | party among the non-slaveholders of the South | The leading men in the conservative S: | Tennessee, Keatucky and Virginia, agree in | the statement that unless the North repeals the | odious Personal Liberty bills, and gives the South new guarantees for the protection of its | property, all the slave States will be compelled to secede. And these statesmen are jus tified in the conclusion that if Mr oln intends to carry on the government according to the principles laid down in the Chicawo piat- form and the documents feened nnder the an- thority of the Republican “National” Commit tee, the inevitable tendency of bie administration 4 Wil be to « a _NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1860. to make the Southern States still more uncom- fortable within the Union than they could by any possibility be without it. The moderate section of the republican party has declared over and over again that its intention is to draw a cordon of free States around the slave States, and so gradually crush out the institu- tion; that they will reorganize the Supreme Court so that the Dred Scott decision may be reversed and the Fugitive Slave act declared unconstitutional; and that slavery in any of the Territories is to be prohibited now and for- ever. The radical republicans, of the Sumner and Fred. Douglass hue, are in favor of the im- mediate and unconditional abolition of slave- ry. The Chicago platform, upon which Mr. Linc: 1n, according to the manifesto of the elec- tors of this State, stands, was manufactured to suit both sections of the party, and may be construed 60 as to meet the views of Garrison or of Thurlow Weed. What the country has 4 right to know in the present crisis is, whether Mr. Lincoln considers himself bound to respect the will of the vast majority who voted against the doctrines promulgated at Chicago, or whether he intends to follow the examples of some of his predecessors, and belittle his office by making himself a spoon to ladle out pap to the hungry minority. Mr. Lincoln takes office under peculiarscir- cumstances. In the free States his majorities amount altogether to a quarter of a million in three million votes; in the Union altogether he is in a popular minority of a million votes. And it is safe to predict that if the election could be held over again he would be ina large minority of the Electoral College, and of the popular vote of the North. He has been constitutionally elected, and will he legally President of the United States. But morally he has no power whatsoever, because the seat of power is in the people, and the peo- ple have declared by a majority vote that no confidence is to be placed in the party which is to controi the executive branch of the government. The republican leaders to-day are distrusted by their own adherents, and cor- dially detested by a very large majority of the people, North and South. At least two mil- lions of Northern voters sympathize with the South, and take strong ground against Seward, Sumner & Co. This nunrber will be increased as the industrial interests of the free States fall one by one before the intense monetary pres- sure which bas only just begun to be felt. Under these very singular circumstances, Mr. Lincoln, a constitutional governor, who has yet to receive the consent of the governed, takes office. Few men in the world’s annals have had so fine an opportunity to make a historical reputation, either for good or evil. It the new President recognizes the fact that he is not bound by the Chicago platform—the people having repudiated it—if he boldly throws off all the shackles of party, and de- clares himself opposed to the principles of Seward, Sumner, Helper, Greeley & Co.—if he keeps aloof from their counsels and repu- diates their pretensions—in fact, if he comes out now and tells the people that he will govern the country according to the views of the majority, and not to serve the pur- poses of the minority, all may yet be well. On the other hand, should Mr. Lincoln walk blind- ly on in the Seward track, turning a deaf ear to the complaints of the South and the warning voice of the conservative North, his name will most positively go down to posterity as the in- strument of the most ignorant and infamous mischiefmakers that any civilized country has ever been cursed with. The President elect should reflect that the present moment is not a time for procrasti- nation. With every succeeding day the seces- sion movement gains strength, and the panic in the North increases in exact proportion to the intensity of the disturbances in the South. Mr. Lincoln must remember that now is the accept- ed time, and if he intends to do anything he must move at once. We do not say in so many words that a repudiation of the Chicago platform by Mr. Lincoln would act as a pana- cea for the evils which now afflict the State, nut it would give the conservative masses fresh strength, and inspire the patriotic men of all sections with bright hopes for the future. Mr. Lincoln must throw his pledges to the wind, let his party go to perdition in iis own way, and devote hinfelf to the service of the whole country. It is Mr. Lincoln’s bounden duty to come out now and declare his views. The speeches of his adherents, men of the Trumbull school, are like the whistling of the wind, which no man heeds. The people demand an exposition of the programme of the new ad- ministration from the fountain head. Who Made the Panic—A Retrospective Glance at Wall Street. Less than two months ago the great barometer of American trade and finance, Wall street, was enjoying haleyon days: The cotntry was never so prosperous before. We owed little or nothing abroad; the West was gradually emerging from the load of debt which broke down all its mer- ebants in 1857; the better class of securities were firm at high prices, and the bulls had managed to run up the fancies to an unpre- cedented point. Everything looked fair out- side, but to the acute observer there was trou- ble ahead, The election of Lincoln was gene- rally conceded as carly as the Ist of October, but still the fictitious Wall street values were maintained. People went on with their pleanres, their frivolities and extravagances as if the fair weather times were to last for- ever. After a calm survey of the whole field we became satisfied that the election of Lin- coln was beyond peradventure, and then came the question as to the results of a black repub- licen triumph. How we answered that ques- tion may be ascertained from the extracts we have reprinted to-day. We assumed the ground that the political revolution which would follow the election of a sectional candi- date for the Presidency could not take place without seriously affecting the commercial in- terests of the country—that the troubles of the merchants would react upon all other classes of the community, and that the end would be a terrible panic—one that would cause the man- ufwcturers and mechanics of the North to curse ay when they were cajoled into the sup- « republican nominees. We ‘ historical precedents to show that the smiooth appearance of things upon the surfeee was nothing more thea the usual 4, and that. +o far from ign, it was a most dan- calm before the stor being an encouragin getous «ymptom, any special credit to ourselves for sagacity in foreseeing what any man of common sense must have feared. And we only allude to the subject now in self-vindication. During the last few weeks of the campaign we labored with all our might to inform the people of the danger in which they stood, and for this we were bit- terly assailed by the black republican journals here and elsewhere. We were charged with endeavoring to get up a panic, and it was freely stated that we were laboring to ruin the trade of the metropolis. It was the polioy of the black republican journals to withhold the truth from their readers. It was our duty to let the peo- ple know what was going on, so that they might have ample time to prepare for the storm. And we, as before, have performed that duty to the best of our ability. Those of our readers who have been familiar with the course of the Heratp during the last twenty-five years will remember that our policy has always been the same. We have labored to get at the truth as to all matters of public interest, and have printed it without fear or favor. For this we have been maligned by the politicians of every grade—“Tray, Blanche, Sweetheart, little dogs and all,” have barked incessantly at our heels. Tf this or that candidate was chosen or defeated, we did it; if a panic swep over the country, the Heraup manufactured it; in fact, according to the statements of our rivals and imitators, we hold the destinies of thirty-three millions of people in our hands, and wield a far greater power than that of any potentate the world has ever seen. While this acknowledgment may be more or less flattering, we have no desire to .ssume the responsibilities such power carries with it. We distinctly disavow any connection with the panic-making business. The black republican leaders are alone responsible for the present state of things. They humbugged the majo- rity of the people of the North into the belief that no trouble would follow the election of Lincoln, that the South would quietly submit, and thereby induced them to pay no heed to the warning voice of the conservative, inde- pendent press. Now the Northern people are beginning to reap the fruits of their folly, and before long there will be a terrible reckoning between them and the fanatics who, in their insane eagerness for the spoils, have brought the wolf to the doors of hundreds of once happy homes. + We reprint also, asa valuable addendum to our extracts, the famous circular of the bank presidents who called upon the business men to vote for Lincoln as the best method to avoid awinter of distress and “secure commercial tranquillity.” And so, placing the record before the people, we leave the question as to who made the panic to their decision. For our own part, we have no hesitation in appealing to them for the justification of our course during the whole of our career. The War in China—Renewed Hostilities. By « despatch transmitted to the British Foreign Office from Suez, on the authority of the China Mail of October 1, we learn that hos- tilities had recommenced in the North, in which two skirmishes had been fought with the Tar- tar cavalry, which had been repulsed. We further learn that the Allied army was waiting in a hostile position before Pekin, and that negotiations had been opened by the Chi- nese, but not in a supplicatory manner. This is just what we expected. The British have not yet learned to understand the Chinese, nor to make the Chinese understand them. John Bull is the most matter of fact of men; the Celestials are, in their dealings with him, exactly the re- verse, and make an art of deception. The English ought to have known their character Ly this time, but they seem to have neglected the study. The Celestials have not exactly the game in their own hands, but they have thus far combatted the enemy with heroic courage, and their usual skilful but dissimulating and embarrassing diplomacy has not failed in accumulating obstacles in the way of their invaders, with whom they are now enabled to negotiate on nearly equal terms. This is well, considering that they have only bows and ar- rows and gingalls to oppose to Armstrong guns and shells—the most terrible engines of mo- dern warfare. The progress of this costly and unsatisfacto- ry war—-the objects to be gained by which are not known to one Englishman in a million—is daily making the people of England more un- comfortable as to the result of the task which their government has undertaken. Many very properly deny the moral justification of the enterprise, and all feel that it may entail con- sequences equally unexpected and deplora- ble. Has the treachery or the pride of the Chinese government at all merited the humilia- tion and disaster now being inflicted upon it by the Allied forces? We answer, No. And the British will have no one but themselves to blame for any reproach they may incur or any loss they may suffer in consequence of such aggression. The Chinese may well call the people of the West barbarians. We may compare the English, without exaggeration, to one set of barbarians to whom they have an unmistakeable resemblance—the Germanic con- querors of the Roman Empire. They them- selves admit that they have as little knowledge of what they are doing as any Gothic or Lom- bardian chieftain, yet they are causing the dis- solution of a great civil polity, dealing out law and securing material order among a vast po- pulation of intelligent men and women. They are trying to humiliate the Emperor at l’ckin, without knowing how his disgrace will affect the millions that people the fur interior of the empire and swarm along the Great Wall. They are fighting in thedark. The Tae-pings, a class of insurrectionisis who have long been plot- ting the dethronement of the reigning dynasty of China, are likely glad of the presence of the hostile armies, but it would be the last thing that Britain would desire, either for her inter- est or good name, to bring about the objects for which these insurrectionists ore struggling. Nevertheless, she may be unwittingly promot- ng their cause, and there is no knowing how soon the catastrophe may occur, for the suc- cess of the Tae-pings could be consid- ered as nothing less. Even the spurious Christianity which these insurgents profess affords a conclusive reason why their success should be deprecated as a real calamity. His- tory proclaims that wherever a corrupt version of the Christinn creed hos been adopted by a conquering people the victory has always heed the bloodier for it, the oppression heavier, and the vengeance more pitiless and revolting in its ervelty. The, vietor im such cxses has neelf not only a trtane a won proved } ater, through his desire to proselytize as well as to subdue. By all moans let the Chinese system of government remain Atheistical as it is, rather than change it for the zealotism of a false faith—the greatest social curse that his ever afflicted mankind. ‘The Crisis and Its Solution. “There is at last a gleam of sunshine,” said a telegraphic despatch published yester- day from Washington. This gleam of sun- shine proceeded from a rumor that Jefferson Davis had received a despatch from the Presi dent elect, stating that he was preparing a letter for publication defining his position upon the questions now distracting the two sections of the country—a letter which, it was believed, would give entire satisfaction to the South. Whether there be any truth in this statement or not, Mr. Lincoln owes it to himself and to his country to make it true as soon as possible. There is no man in this Union more deeply interested ‘n its fate than he is, and upon the course he may now pursue—not the policy he may adopt after his inauguration—hangs his own future weal or woe. Upon what he will do or not do within the next few days may depend whether he will have reason to curse the day he was born, or whether he will “rise to the height of the great argument,” and, ignoring all party considerations in the presence of the danger which looms up before his eyes in such colos- sal proportions, prove himself a statesman, and save the country by coming out witha clear and distinct programme of his views upon the crisis, and of the action which he would recom- mend to Congress and the country in this hour of peril and dismay. Before the Colleges of Electors chosen by the people to elect a Presi- dent had met in their several States to cast their votes Mr. Lincoln might have had some delicacy about presenting his ideas to the peo- ple; but now that they have assembled and placed his election beyond all peradyenture, etiquette no longer imposes silence upon him. On the contrary, it is now his imperative duty, as the President elect, to declare the policy by which his administration will be guided. It is his election by a sectional party at the North, whose purpose it is to overthrow the institu- tions of the South, which is proclaimed to be the provocation to the present revolutionary condition of the Cotton States, the source of the commercial embarrassment which now exists in two worlds, and the cause of all the present distress and gloomy prospects which hang like a black cloud over the future of the country. What is the present critical condition of the country? The effects of the revolution, thus far, may be classed under the following heads:— 1. The closing of factories and the discharge of labor everywhere. 2. The depreciation of stocks, national and State, railroad and bank. 3. Depreciation in the value of cotton, wool, flour, grain and other products of the soil. 4. Depreciation in the value of negroes and real estate. The loss already sustained throughout the country by this sudden prostration of trade and industry cannot fall far short of two hun- dred millions of dollars! But this is not all. Other disastrous effects are soon to follow. First. The rebound from Europe foreshad- owed by the news by the Asia, Secondly. The stoppage of probably all the mills and workshops of the country, throwing a million or more of free laborers out of em- ployment in the depths of winter. Thirdly. The consequent suffering and anar- chy everywhere, but especially at the North, where labor is compelled to take care of itself. For this state of things what remedies have been proposed? First. The repeal of the Personal Liberty laws. Second. A national convention to give new guarantees to the South, including the exten- sion of the Missouri line of compromise to the Pacific. Third. The appointment of a committee of thirty-three in the House of Representatives to take into consideration the President's Message. But what have the republicans done as a party? Absolutely nothing. When Thurlow Weed declared for concession he was cried down by the republican journals and party leaders. Individual efforts have been made, but what are they? Vermont has referred her Personal Liberty bill to © committee of three conservative lawyers for their opinion as to its unconstitutionality, which probably is a virtual repeal of the law. Governor Banks, it is said, will recommend the repeal of the Massachusetts law in his message next month. Other North- ern States will probably repeal their Personal Liberty laws when their Legislatures meet. Such partial concessions as these may be made here and there. But the republican party, as such, have done nothing as yet to arrest the progress of disunion. If there be any statesmen or patriots in that party it is now necessary for them to take the initia- tive towards the settlement of the great ques- tion which agitates the public mind. The whole Southern people are united in their de- mand for new guarantees. South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, are now in « state of incipient revolution, North Poticy ov Russia cx Evrore—Her Liseras ' -We have always maintained that, after England, the government which approxi- mates miost to the United States in liberality and comprehensiveness of political views is Russia. If it has not been able to move faster <= ae it of the theories which it ym to puts forth through its o it is less because of its want of faith i than because of the peculiarities of its situa- tion. With a population made up of different nationalities, speaking different languages, and for the greater part in a condition but little re- moved from barbarism, there isa great diffi- culty in applying to them sxch uniform and liberal rules of polity as the advanced ideas of the age would seem to demand. In other» words, as Russia is at present circumstanced, a constitutional system would be wholly unsuited to her condition. She has to make greater strides in agricultural, commercial and indus- trial qualifications, ang in the enlightenment which they bring with them, before a represen- tative form of government can be made to work harmoniously and beneficially for her. With the multiplication of railways, increased facilities of communication between the remote parts of her empire, and the diffusion of information through her newspaper press—to which a vast impulse has been given of late—this progress will not be long in making itself felt in its re- action upon the commercial and manufacturing interests of the rest of Europe. In awaiting the changes which the increasing intelligence and industrial activity of the Rus- sian people must bring about in their politic&l condition, it is gratifying to find the govern- ment always in advance of their demands. With a wisdom and foresight unusual in men at the head of despotic systems, Alexander and his advisers seem to be preparing the way for the inevitable necessities of their future position, or rather of that of their successors. They are fortunately not of that class of selfish statesmen who are content with providing for the exigencies of the “hour, leaving to those who come after them the inheritance of the difficulties which they have managed to stave off. As rapidly as it is possible for them to do so they are advancing in the path of adminis- trative reforms. In three or four weeks from the present date it is expected that the plan for the emancipation of the serfs will be sub- mitted to the Council of the Empire and brought to a successful issue. Other measures of equal importance, such as the reorganiza- tion of the judicial tribunals and of the provin- cial police, are in preparation, and will also be shortly submitted to the Council. But it is not merely in its domestic policy that the boldness and sagacity of the Russian government call for admiration. Its atti- tude in regard to Italy has contributed as much almost as anything else to the success of the revolution, by checking the hostile action of the German governmients, But in order that its reserve may not be attributed to wrong motives, it comes out with an explicit explana- tion, through its recognized organs, of the prin- ciples which have guided its conduct. In an- other column they will be found formulated in @ manner that must give heartfelt satisfaction to all the friends of popular freedom. In ad- mitting, even though with a qualification, the right of a people to choose their own institu- tions and rulers, Russia gives the death blow to those pretensions which have been the main cause of the wars which have devastat- ed Europe for so many centuries back. After this there is little to fear for Italy, even though she should persist in endeavoring to regain by conquest that portion of her national territory which Austria withholds fromeher by the in- fluence of terrorism. Over Berpess ror Tax Winrer.—In enumerat- ing the many influences which will aggravate the sufferings of the population of our Northern cities during the ensuing winter, one important one has been lost sight of, Whilst the Southern ports are throwing back on our hands numbers of persons who have been in the habit of seek- ing work there at the approach of the severe season, there is unfortunately no check to the emigration from Ireland and other places. We have arriving here, on an average, every week from fifteen hundred to two thousand emigrants, who, as they find no encouragement to proceed out West in the present position of affairs, linger on in New York or the adjacent cities until their means are exhausted. Thus, besides our own poor, we shall have weekly added to our burdens « number of strangers who will ex- haust all the resources which our public chari- ties and the benevolgnce of the wealthy may furnish us with. The prospect presented by these facts cannot well be more gloomy. It behooves our citizens, however, to look it stea- dily in the face, and to make such a provision against it as Christian men are expected to do, even though their own means may become straitened. Fires in the Metropolis. FIRE IN TWENTY-THIRD STRERT. About six o'clock on Saturday night 4 fire wus disco vered in the Presbyterian church in Twenty-third street, near Seventh avenue. The firemen were promptly at work, and after some diffloulty succeeded in extinguish ing the fire. The organ—valeed at $2,000—was totally ed, and the church building damaged to the ex tent of $4,000 or $5,000. There is an insurance on the Property to the extent of $15,000 in city companies. |The , it is supposed, originated from the hot air furnace ie . ’ Carolina, Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas FIRB IN BROADWAY. are on the verge of it, and soon bey st yon, —_. Pony oa Raere my Bo hei was discov! in the secon: the building No. may cross the Rubicon. The Governor Broadway, in the promises of Fisher & Abrams, mann of Tennessee, one of the most conserva- facturers of enamelled furniture. The flames exionded through the ceiling to the rear part of the third floor, eceupied by Thomas A. Wilmut as a gilding shop. The smoke and heat also extended to the fourth floor, and did tive States of the South, has called an ex- tra session of the Legislature to consider the question of the day. The other Sonther States will soon follow the example of Ten- nesser, Now the people of the South have always been, with exceptions of course, a Union-loving people. They know how to appreciate the benefits they derive from the confederation. with its railroads and telegraphs, its rivers, its canals, and all ite inter-State interests, both natural and artificial, Their hearts thrill with The loss of Fisher & Abrams, by fire’ and water, will amount to about $6,000, said to be insured. The dainage to Mr. Wilmut’s gilding shop, and also to his stock of Jooking glasses and_ picture frames on the first floor, will amount to about $1,000 or $1,500, insured for $2,000 in the St. Mark's Insurance iy. The basement ix oceupied by Charles Russell as a lager bier Saloon stock and fixtures damaged by water to the extent @ about $300, no insurance, The building is owned by Wr. wil miut; it is damaged about $1,500: insured for $9,000 in the importers’ and Traders’, and Ratgers’ Insurance Companies. The origin of the fire is unknown at present. FIRE IN RIGMTH AVENUR.. Shortly before three o'clock on Sunday morning a Gre the historic glories of the Union, and nothing but a feeling of dire necessity could drive them beyond its pale. There is one man in this crisis of our national affairs, who, if he has the capacity, can stay the progress of revo- lution, and reunite the antagonistic sections of this great country into one harmonious peo- ple, who in futare will “know no North, no South, no East, no West.” All eyes turn to Abrahom Lincoln. His party is demoralized and disorganized. Let him throw off its feeble shackles «and give form and sub- stance to the conservative sentiment< by which his friends say he is animated. Great emergencies prove the ability of the atateom Wil the President olect seize the ppertintty, ee ler ff [ts ewny forever? broke ont in @ two story frame building at No. 874 avenue, Occupied by Jacob Van Lise asa butel- a Habop and dwelting The fire appeared to have —— pated between the rear and front building from the '” . & Van - mah | ae compelied to escape second story yan Lise is insured on his stock and household furniture for $8z5 in the Man. hattan Ineurance Company. Hig jowe is © ated at about $150 ‘The building is damaged avout $150. said to insur FIRE IN BROADWAY. Shortly before twelve o'clock last night a fire broke out on the third floor of budding No. 989 Broadway , occu pied by Mrs. Sinnott, miliiner. The damage wae tut triffimg to the millmery goede. The first and seoma floors are occupied by John Morrison & Son, deal rs im Fibbone and tilliuery yoods; their damag to the stork, by water, will 000, insnred for $50,000 in the following compan 000 cach —Mecban'c and Traders , Beekmar way, Stoyvesnnt, Mamilton and Harmony. Th je damaged about $590; insured for $4,990 © the x Insuranes Company. The fe 4 tn tage boon the SoPult of carelessness