The New York Herald Newspaper, August 20, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIRTOR. OFYICe N. W. CORNKB OF NASSAU AND FULTON @s. TERMS, cash tn advance. Ht: mati will be oi the tah of the sender. Pasties ettnae ant’ esuhoed ae ubsoripiion THE DAILY HERALD two conta por copy. $1 per anovum THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at wx Cd Edition Wedn Is annum. he I 0s cans Bor cap, er aa a arta, Grant Blain o © rt the Comtinant, hoth tw éne! tage; the ad fon the BOK and Bh of ach month at sb eont> fornia per copy, or $1 0 per annum. Volwme KEV .cccccccseeeeseeeeeeee ee 234 AMUSEMENTS THIS BVENING NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway.—Favesthian Paxronm- ANCES— CINDERELLA WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.—Pxorgsson Anpznson, Ly, S THEATRE, Broadway. —Teeem Assckance ANT AMEACE foonsrs’ Woiixine tux Onscus. LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, No. 64 Broadway.—Ovx Amanican Coax “ NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Heanew Son—Rar- FAnLLe—HeROULES, BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Day and Fvening—SiNGinG aNd DanoinG—Juaiy Jonzs—Lavina Cy- wiosittEs, Ere. BRYANT®S’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway.— Wuo Stecck Bu. Pattersons! HOOLEY & CAMPBELL'S OPERA HOUSF, 585 Broad- way.—Buscx Stator. NATIONAL, VARIETIES, Chatham street.—Rossen’s Wire—Maawe Piuis—Ikisn ScaooumasteR. PALACE GARDEN, Fourieenth street.—Paouenape Con- oERt. OANTERBURY CONCERT SALOON, No. 663 Brosdway.— Songs, Danoxs, Buatesaues, dc. HOPE CHAPEL, Broadway.—snan Isaacs MexKen’s BUansveEnzan Reavrvor. New York, Monday, August 20, 1860. MAILS FOR EUROPE. @he New York Herald---Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunard mail steamship Europa, Capt. Leitch, will leave Boston, on Wednesday, for Liverpool. ‘The mails for Burope will close in this city to morrow affernoon st a quarter past one o'clock to go by railroad, ‘and at a quarter to four o'clock to go by ateamboat The Evroreay Eprrion oF Tus Heap will be publiahed at cleven o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrap- pers, six cents. The contents of the Erxorsan Enrmos oF TH Hrxaty ‘will combine the news received by mail and telegraph at the office during the previous week, and up to the hour of publication. SAILS FOR THE PACIFIC, Rew York Herald—California Edition. ‘The mat! steamsbip North Star, Capt. Jones, will leave this port to-morrow, at noon, for Aspinwall. : The mails for California and other parts of the Pacific ‘will close at half-past ten o'clock to-morrow morning. The New Yous Wewxtry Heratp—California edition— pontaining tho latest intelligence from all parts of the world, with a large quantity of local and miscellaneous matter, will be published at balf-past nine o’clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, s!x cents, Agents will please send tn their orders as carly as pos- wibdle. The News. We publish elsewhere some very interesting cor- respondence from on board the United States frigate Niagara, detailing the incidents that have occurred since the sailing of the ship with the returning Japanese Embassy. A letter from Tommy to his friends in America will also be read with pleasare, expressive as it is of the simple yet earnest grati- tude of the young Eastern stranger. It will be seen that Tommy aspires to be educated at Anna- polis, and signifies his intention to return to America for that purpose. The chief Ambassadors were applying themselves diligently to the study of our language, under the careful superintendence of the chaplain of the frigate, and the voyage thus far has progressed very satisfactorily. The steamship Etna, from Liverpool on the 7th and Queenstown on the Sth instant, arrived at this port early yesterday morning. Her news, although not so late by one day as that received by the Glasgow and published yesterday, is much more complete than any we have received. A com- plete and literal translation of the two proto- cols of the Conference on Syria, held on the 3d inst., at the Foreign Office in Paris, will be found in our columns. The second one contains the solemn engagement which the contracting Powers have taken upon themselves, to seek neither terri- torial aggrandizement nor exclusive inflaence nor commercial advantages for their subjects by the intervention. The first regulates the details of the intervention itself, which is limited beforehand to a duration of six months. Troops have already sailed from France. The news from Sicily is not important. The steamship Quaker City, Captain Schufeldt, arrived at this port last evening. She left Havana on the Lith. There is no news of any great inte- rest. A contract to pave the city of Havana with Belgian pavement has been made with Mr. Fair- child, of this city. The health of the city continued very good for the season. News from St. Thomas by the same steamer js to the Ist inst. On the day previous a severe shock of earthquake was expe- rienced. No damage to property or loss of life is reported. The weather at the island was very pleasant and the health remarkably good. The Porto Rico correspondent of the Diario de ta Merina, writing on the 2d inst., says the yellow fever was raging there with great flerceness, at- tacking not ouly foreigners but natives. The new Governor, Senor Echagae, was expected every day. He had arrived at St. Thomas, and asteamer had been despatched there to take him to Porto Ric A letter from Cienfuegos, dated August 1, says: Accounts from the interior are very satisfactory, and kind natare is supplying us with plenty. The shipment of sugar and molasses continue active to the States and to Earope: but in two weeks a ces- bat ll take place until the new crop sets in, at present very promising. Political af. wh faire are quiet, and with the Cabans much indiffer ence pervades the town, and bearing particularly towards all nations except France, with whose pntatives the able fr dignitaries of this island are in I Ayres isto June 29, and the r | events of the month have been interesting. d mpact of union between the Argentine Con federation and the province of Buenos Ayres was celebrated at Parana on the 6th and ratified by both governments onthe 1th. A decree immedi ately issned for the assembling of a convention ad within thirty days, the result of whose deliber- ations was to be submitted to the next National Con eress, to which Boenos Ayres, after having sworn to the constitution, would send members. Unti Congressional action shall be taken, Buenos Ayres remains as at present, and with entire control o her own army and Custom House. Early next year Buenos Ayres will have surrendered her quasi independence and become once more a member of the confederation. for many months pre eure, to the winter sea Basiness had been slacker than owing, in some mea h was setting in, and to the floctnations in cn y. which, says the Commerct , have almost paralyzed opera: tions in some classes of prod At the very latest dates ounces were at $333}. From Paraquay the news by the last mail from Ascension was satisfactory. Raflroads through the most productive regions were being vigorously carried on, and trade was prosperous. The de mands of the English Consul, He m, in the affair of Canstatt, had given rise to exertions to South American alliance, with bring about a which tion many journals in vari republics, and even in Brazil, were occupied. Files of Rio de Janeiro papers to July 21 have come to hand. There is no news of auy import- ance. The ceremony of tuking the oath of fealty, &c., by the imperial princess Donna Isabel, second daughter of the Emperor, was to take place in the Sevate Chamber, on the 29th ult., her birth day. ‘The latest accounts from Pernambuco represent yellow fever to have been raging there, The African, which arrived at this port from Belize on Friday night last, reports that at the time of sailing (28th ult.) yellow fever had almost en- tirely abated in that place. A letter from a correspondent in Arizona, pub- lished elsewhere in our paper to-day, informs ua that three unoffending Americans had been mur- dered at the San Pedro mines, by Mexicans, while in the peaceable discharge of their duties. The names of the persons massacred were:—Frederick Buncknon, superintendent and mining engineer; James Williams, machinist, and John C. Moss, a3- sayer and melter. Much excitement existed at the mines, and a meeting was to be held to consider ’ the propriety of invading Sonora in pursuit of the murderers,” The reply of the acting Secretary of State of the United States to the letter from Lord John Russell of the 11th of July, 1860, relative to the slave and coolie trade, will be found in our despatch from Washington this morning. The letter is very tart, and bears ear marks of being the President's own” composition. ‘The eales of cotton on Saturday embraced 15,000 bales, ‘the market closing firm. The run was chiefly on middling tpatrict middling; middling fair grades, low middling and under that grade down to ordinary were irregular, while the higher qualities, including fair, were rather scarce and nominal, as there was little offering. The accounts coming to hand from the South represent no decided im- provements in the prospects of the crop at the South, so materially affected by the late drought on high lands, and on which is usually grown the heaviest portion of the ag- gregate yield. Flour opened heavy, and fell off about 6c. per barrel for some grades of State and Western, at which the market became more active. Wheat was heavy, and fell off about Lc. per bushel for many descriptions. Gorn was also Ic. to Lie. per bushel lower, but it was quite active, Pork was easier and ese active; sales of mess were made at $19 31 @ $19 35, and of new prime at $14. Sugars were stealy, and prices closed, on the sales of the week, at an ad- vance of 3c. per pound, especially for refining goods. Coffee was firm but quiet. Freights continued to rule fitm, especially for English porta. Among the engage- ments were wheat to Liverpool, in bulk and bags, at Lid. @ 11344. and flour at 88. 84, The Higher Law and the Massachusetts School of American Policy—Our Tra’ torous Allies to British Schemes. Mr. Seward has truthfully told us that he has “studied in the school of Massachusetts,” and that from there he has derived the “higher law,” and the brutal and bloody teachings to an “irrepressible conflict” between his coun- trymen, the enlistment in which by Lincoln constitutes his only claim to a seat in the Presi- dential chair of these United States. This is a bold acknowledgment. The “school of Massachusetts’ is well known for its devotion to British interests and British de- signs; and more than once has it gone to the very verge of treason, while it has ever exhibited a persistent opposition to every- thing that has truly tended to the pros- perity and greatness of these States and to the glory of the American name. It was “the Massachusetts school” in 1814, when British cruisers were designing to repeat in every American port the vandal scenes they had perpetrated at Baltimore and Washington, that called together the infamous Hartford Convention, and proposed to hang out blue lights to guide the murderous invaders to the firesides of their brethren, and draped them- selves in mourning when the news came of the glorious victories of Jackson at New Orleans. It was “the Massachusetts school” that for years fostered every scheme tending to create a mo- neyed aristocracy in this country on the British plan; that opposed the acquisition of Texas, the Mexican war, the supplies of blankets and medicines to our victorious troops in Mexico, the acquisition of California, the defence of our northern boundary rights, and every measure that was antagonistic to British interests or conducive to make us a great rival power to Britain. The whole of this policy is now con- centrated in the “bigher law” theory, the aboli- tion movement, and the proclamation of a brutal and bloody “irrepressible conflict” between the Northern and Southern eections of this Union. This conflict, once initiated, would soon satisfy the most destructive hopes of British interests for this country. We propose, therefore, to give a succinct but truthful view of the origin and aims of this British school, its transfer to Massachusetts, and the intimate connection that has since existed between the mother and daughter, When the American colonies achieved their independence, it was supposed by English statesmen that a deadly blow had been struck at the British empire, and that not only must the means be found to parry, but others must be sought to destroy, the young giant in the West which had given it. The victories of Clive had laid the foundation of a new empire in the East, and thither their eyes were turned. It was an empire within an empire, and the East India Company could use its vast wealth and influence without committing itself to a danger- ous degree on any side. To make this Eastern empire overpowering, it must be enabled to monopolize the production and supply to the world of the staple products of tropical and temi-tropical labors —sugar, coffee and cotton. In order to do this the British West India colo- nies must be sacrificed. Every one knows of the alliance between the Fast India House and Wilberforce, Clarkson and the school of British abolitionists, and how ruthlessly the West In- dia colonies were given over by them to bar- barism. Thirty years ago this event was on the eve of consummation, and the time had arrived to make the final blow atthe same interests in the United States. The British designs must be transplanted to America, and a congenial soil was found in Massachusetts. There a “ higher law” than the constitution was first proclaimed. Its earliest apostles were British emissaries, and its earlier organs were openly supported by British gold. From that time the stream of British abolition propagandists, beginning with George Thompson and Mrs, Fry, has continued to flow to our shores, its latest representatives being found in Col. Forbes and Thaddeus Hyatt, of Kansas and Jobn Brown fame. As “ the Massachusetts school” waxed stronger, the de- mands of the British iaterests increased. After a while the British Methodists demanded that the Northern Methodist church here should sepa- tate from the Southern ; then British Preshyte tians required that the same abyss should be NEW YORK HERALD, M ONDAY, AUGUST 20, 1860. created between Northern agg Southern Pres- | The Black Republican Creed—Its Exposi- byterian communions among us, and every effort bas been made to divide the other churches, During ali this time “the Massachusetts school” has shown itself to be the constant and devoted adherent of British interests. Its pro- pagandists have ever sought in England the ap- plause and sympathy which has been denied them st home. We need cite only the conduct observed towards Mrs. Stowe some years since, and the sympathy to-day extended to Dr. Cheever, to prove this. At last the time came to divide political parties in obedience to Bri- tish interests, and “the Massachusetts school” was, a8 ever, the ready instrument. But Mas- tachusetts’ first son stood in the way. The “school,” however, knew no ties of blood or kindred, and Webster was sent to his grave, even bis statue denied a place in Massachusetts halls, because his patedotism would not bend to the behests of British schemers. While these destructive efforts were going on in the Weat, the most strenuous exertions were made to build up a competing interest in the East. American cotton seed, American cotton gins and American overseers were sent to India, and every porsible encouragement has been given to the cultivation of cotton there, of coffee in Ceylon, and of sugar in Mauritius and other places. These are the great outlines of the Isbors of “the Massachusetts school” and their British masters; and to-day Mr. Seward, fresh from England, and from conference with the de- structive tribe of British abolitionists, comes forward boldly to proclaim the “higher law,” whose behests he bad learned in Massachu- setts, and to urge on the brutal and bloody “irrepressible conflict,” to which he assures us that Lincoln owns his obligation, and ac- knowledges that his only claim to the Presi- dency is, that he “avows himself, for weal or for woe, for life or for death, a soldier” in its ranks. Let the patriotic and conservative im- pulse in every American heart ponder upon the awful import of these confessions, and guard bis hand from giving support, through the traitorous “Massachusetts school,” to the designs of the worst enemies of his country. fax CentraL Parx—Is tux Resvit Proror- fIONATE TO THE Mxans.—We have been con- sistent and undeviating friends of the Central Park. We have appreciated the advantages which such a breathing ground, tastefully laid out and carefully kept, would confer upon our teeming population. We have, therefore, given to the enterprise, from its inception to the pre- sent day, the support of our influence. Three years have elapsed since the work was com- menced, and it is full time to examine whether the results obtained are proportioned to the means employed and the moneys expended. The third annual report of the Commissioners not being very intelligible or satisfactory, we commissioned one of our reporters to visit the Park, examine it carefully, and give a full and impartial account of all that has been done and is being done toward making it an agreeable, pleasant and popular resort for our citizens. The result of his investigations and inquries will be feund in another part of to-day’s He- RALD. We cannot congratulate our readers on the very favorable features presented by this re- port. The Park has ceased to be what it was a year ago, an attraction for equestrians or pro- menadera, and is fast heing given over to that condition of neglect into which one by one all our public grounds, from the Battery up, have fallen. There dre several reasons for this. One of them is the disagreeableness of the approach, through a dusty region where pigs and porter houses are the chief features, This is beyond the power of the Commissioners to cause or: cure. Our city authorities might do something in the matter, but they will not. Time and the rapid growth of the city will be found the only remedies for this. If, however, the un- pleasantness of the approach were compen- eated for by the attractiveness of the Park itself, our citizens would still flock there in fa- yorable weather. But it is not. The interior is not much more attractive than the exterior. Broad avenues there are indeed, but the leafless trees that border them afford no shelter from the scorching rays of the sun; pleasant walks, but no cool and shady resting places. The eye takes in a large expanse of ground within the rude enclosure, and the mind suggests that in future years all the ap- pliances of taste and art will be brought to bear upon it; but its beauties are only in pros- pectu, and it may be that with time as with space— 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view. We must confess that the results obtain- ed are not proportionate to the means em- ployed. Over ten thousand workmea have been at work on the Park for some three years, and about two millions of dollars have been expended. And what has been effected? The drainage of the ground, the opening of three and one-third miles of road and seven miles of walk, and the building of half a dozen bridges. That is all. Tell an English noble- man that to convert 768 acres of wild land— the extent of the Central Park—into a charm- ing demesne, such as stretches before many an ancestral hall in that country, would cost half & million of pounds sterling, and he would laugh with incredulity at the assertion. And yet that is the sum which the Park Commis- sioners are authorized to expend, and have al- most expended, with such mean results. We are afraid there must be some terrible blundering somewhere. It is not easy to point out where the fault Mes. Our reporter, how- ever, very properly remarks that instead of the plan being made to conform to the natural fea- tures of the location, the ground has been made to conform to the architect’s plan; swampy hollows, fitted for artificial lakes, have been filled up, and lakes have been excavated where nature never intended them to be; rocks have been blasted, eminences levelled, and valleys filled up, all of which would have better re- mained untouched; and instead of using the material quarried on the ground for the erec tion of bridges, expensive stone has been im- ported from Nova Scotia for the purpose. On the whole we are a little apprehensive that this great Central Park, to which our citizens have looked forward with such pleasant antici- pations, and for which they have so liberally contributed, will not realize the expectations we had formed of it. To the next generation it may be a delight, bat according to all ap- pearances, the present will derive little benefit or advantage from it. tiom by Chevalier Webb. ‘The signs of the times, the progress of the counter revolution at the North, the reaction which is taking place in the popular mind, the sober second thought prevailing at last over the wild, fanatical and revolutionary ideas which had become rampant and threatened the very existence of the social and political fabric, and, resulting from this, the new combinations of the conservative element against the common danger, have thoroughly alarmed the republi- can leaders, who have no longer any confidence in the irsue they have raised before the coun- try, but are like men treading cautiously and with fear and trembling on treacherous ice which by a genial thaw has grown too thin and too weak to support their weight, and may at any moment give way beneath their feet and engulf them in a cold, watery grave. They are half way across the river, and are sadly puzzled and distracted as to whether they should go on or back. Some advance, “whistling to kmep their courage up; some hesitate and pause, and some retreat when it is too late, and it is safer to go forward than to return. Thus, some of the republican leaders disguise their fears while they press onward ; but others, like leaky Webb, who never could keep his own counsel, much lees the secrets of others, are blurting out their inward distress. The Chevalier perspires from every pore, and his courage cozes out at the tips of his fingers, like that of valiant Bob Acres, as be flouo- ders back and falls on the ice, and scrambles up again, and thinks that every moment will be his last. Ina long leading article in last Saturday’s Courier and Enquirer, under the caption of “ Republican Doctrines,” he betrays his appre- hensions of the approaching doom of the repub- lican party, and exhibits his consciousness that he is no longer safe upon its slippery platform. He recedes into his old whiggery, which he blunderingly calls true republicanism, the genu- ine article, “the Original Jacobs.” Now that the issue has been squarely made before the country, and that the various parties and fac- tions and cliques are ranging themselves un- der two standards—one the black banner of revolutionary republicanism, and the other the flag of the Union—Webb is frightened, for he knows that the result will be the same as it was in 1852, the issue being the same, but now more clearly defined. The hopes of the republicans hitherto were founded on the insane and suicidal divisions of the conservative element, and the belief that they would not unite against the commonfoe. Those hopes are now dissolved into thin air, and the gleam of sunshine has only served to weaken the ice on which the republican leaders tread. Hence the tears of blubbering Webb. The fusion of the Bell and Douglas parties in this State, the com- bination of the Breckinridge and Bell parties in New Jersey, and the union established in Pennsylvania in despite of the sinister efforts of Forney to throw the State into the hands of the republicans as the price of the Clerkship of the House of Representatives, have made him weak in the knees. The conservative element is rising and swelling under the republican plat- form, which it will soon shatter and sweep away asa spring tide in the Hudson breaks up the ice when the return of genial weather has pre- pared it for dissolution. Webb anticipates the coming crash, and he runs away as fast as he can. His feet refuse to stand any longer on the principles of his party, and he falls back on another platform, which is as like to republicanism as day to night, or Hyperion toasatyr. He says this is the Simon Pure re- publican creed, and that nine-tenths of the people of the South believe it. If this be so, then there is no use in a battle, for republican- iem will carry all the Southern States, and the Bell party, the Breckinridge party and the Douglas party may as well strike their colors beforehand, and save the expense of a contest. They ought to come down one by one to General Webb, to save him the trouble of fighting, as the coon came down from the tall tree and surrendered when he saw Captain Scott with his unerring rifle. The Chevalier Webb says the creed of repub- licanism is that “the constitution gives no right to the general government to abolish slavery in any of the States or Territories of the Union, and consequently it cannot confer any such right upon any Territorial Legisfature;” that “it is a paramount duty of the general government, and the ebject of its creation, to protect the States of the confederacy in their right to esta- blish and perpetuate slavery;” that any attempt of Congress “to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia without the sanc- tion of the State of Maryland would be o gross breach of faith; that “the negro is physically, socially and morally in a better condition as a slave in most of the slave States than he would be in a state of freedom;” and finally, that “every attempt on the part of persons not inhabitants of such State to inter- fere with the institution where it legally and constitutionally exists is a crime against the Union itself, and that it is not only the duty of all good citizens to frown down any such at- tempt, but, if necessary, to bear arms in de- fence of the rights of every State to regulate its internal affairs as to it may seem expe- dient.” To crown all, we are told that this is not only the creed of Webb himself, but of Seward and Lincoln. What more could any Southern slaveholder desire than this? Itis no wonder that Webb says nine-tenths of the people of the South would subscribe to these doctrines; but we fear the Chevalier will be excommunicated from the republican church with bell, book and candle—that even political execution will be done upon him as a deserter from the revo- lutionary army. We shall not here quote the books of Spooner and Helper, the law and the gospel of the republican party; but as Webb admits that Lincoln and Seward are good authority as to what the doctrines of the republican party are, we shall cite both these prophets of the “higher jaw,” and ask the reader to compare what they say with what the Courier and Enquirer now pretends is the real creed of the republicans. We shall quote from Greeley’s “Political Text Book for 1860." From page 127 we take the following extract of the speech of Abraham Lincoln at Springfield, June 17, 1858: Ive could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do, do tt, We are pow far into the Afth year since a policy ‘was initiated with the avowed object ‘and conident pro wire of puting at ‘end to #lavery agitation. Cater te operation of policy, that agitation haa not only not ceased, but bas constantly augmented To my opinion, it will not ceage until » wball have been reached an! parsed. “A house divided against itself cannot stand." { believe thie goverment cannot endure permanent y half elave and half free, 1 do nos expect the Union to be dissolyed—1 do Bot expect the bouse to fe)!—but I do ox pect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one i rtber . the public miod sball reet tn the belief hatte tin the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it eball become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new—North aa well as South, Surely the republican candidate for Presi- dent knows what his own opinions are a little better than General Webb, and he sees that the anti-slavery agitation will never cease till its end is attained, and that “this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free."’ We ask any man of candor to say whe- ther this doctrine, which is the cardinal point ofthe republican creed, the foundation on which Mr, Lincoln carried on his political cam- paign in Ulinois, is not diametrically opposed to the creed set forth by Chevalier Webb. We now come to the speech of Senator Seward, delivered in October of the same year, and we alao quote it from Greeley’s® book, at page 161:— These antagonistic systems are continually coming into closer contact, aud collision results. Shaii I tell you what this collision means? They who think that {tis socidental, unnecessary, the work of interested or fanat: tators, and therefore ephemeral, mistake the case ee It is ap irrepressible conflict between oppusing and enduring forces, and it means that the United States must and will, sooner or later, become either entirely a slavebolding oa tion, or entirely a free iabur nation. Either the cotton and rice fields of South and the sugar plantations ot Louisiana will ultimately bo tilled by free labor, and Charleston aud New Orleans become marts for legitimate mercbandisa alono, or else the rye folds and wheat flelds of Massachoretts and New York must agaig be surrender- od by their farmers to slave culture and to the production of slaves, an! Boston and New York become once more markets for trade in the bodies and soula of men. It is the failure to apprehend this great truth that induces 60 maby upsuccessful attempts at Hoal compromise between the ‘lave and free States, and itis the existence of this great fact that renders all such pretended compromises, when made, vain and ephemeral, Look upon this picture and upon the picture presented by Master Webb. different? One creed is a creed of compromise and peace, and the protection of slavery. The other is a creed of irreconcilable ‘and never ending, uncompromising antagonism—war to the knife against slave labor—an irrepressible, enduring conflict—which means that the “Uni- ted States must, sooner or later, become entire- ly a free labor nation.” Here is the true re- publican creed, and it is rather too late in the day for Chevalier Webb to try to substitute another in its place, when he finds the strong tide of conservatism setting in against his party and threatening to sweep it to perdition. ‘The Armenian Riots at Constantinople— Russian Intrigue Again Busily at Work. By recent advices from Constantinople we learn that there has been an outbreak in the very heart of the capital itself. And the tu- mult on this occasion was not excited by Mus- sulmen, but by the Christians themselves against Christians, and originated in an at- tempt to bury a Protestant Armenian in the consecrated ground of the old Armenian church, from which the Protestants are seceders. Seemingly, this was a mere ebullition of Eastern fanaticism, but it was, in reality, of deeper sig- nificance and origin. The Armenians are very tenacious of their religion, and being, as it were, a community isolated from the government, have made their faith a bond of nationality and union, and until now have thereby: maintained their homo- geneity aaa people. The Armenian church re- sembles the Greek and the Roman in many respects, but has no spiritual head like the Pope. The form of government is episcopal, and includes in its ranks archbishops, bishops, priests and deacons. True, it has a higher functionary, designated the Catholicos, but his powers have no analogy with those of the head of the Romish church, for there are three who hold this dignity—one ut Etchmiadzin, the other at Sis, and the third at Akhtamar. Their duties are to regulate spiritual affairs only. The civil head of the nation is the patriarch, who is elected by the people from the bishops— and of these patriarchs there are several in va- rious sections of the country—so that they are not under the absolute control of the priest- hood. But the mass of the people, being unedu- cated, are swayed by superstitious and tradi- tional influences. Up to the last century and a half they lived in unity and peace, until Catholi- cism wae introduced among them. This not only aroused the jealousy of the priesthood, but touched the patriotism of the people, who dreaded the dismemberment of their nation ; for Catholicism had a denationalizing tendency, Latinizing even the church ritual, to which in- novation some of the Catholic Armenians would not submit, so that even at this time there are two sects—the radicals, who prefer the Latin service and disdain even to use their own Jan- guage in their domestic converse, and the libe- rals, who retain all that is national, and only acknowledge the Pope os the head of the eburch, Within the last thirty years Protestantism has also been introduced through the efforts of the American missionaries. In the beginning there was little or no opposition, the missionaries being well received by the Armenians as friends of the people, having at heart no object but their real welfare and moral advancement. But in time their influence increased to such an extent that they began to insinuate their sec- tarianiem and entice the lower classes from the church fellowship. The schools which they established proved mere establishments for manufacturing proselytes. Sectarian books were disseminated, and conventicles set up, where the discussion of abstruse doctrines, and Puritan psalm-singing, te the tune of Old Hundred, took the place of the time-honored church ritual. The Armenians displayed bit- ter animosity and opposition to these efforts, and persecutions followed. But through the intervention of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe an amicable settlement was effected, and the little body of Protestants were recognized as a se- parate community, with patriarch of their own. ¢ This peaceable state of things has been sud- denly interrupted by a fresh outbreak between these two classes of Armenians—those of the old church, and those known as the Protest- ants. The point in question was whether the newly formed tect of Protestant seceders from the mother church had the right to use the baria ground of the latter. The persistence of both perties was unprecedented, and defied the pre sence of the civil anthorities and the large body of soldiery. , The excuse which the government offers for ite passiveness on this occasion is that this mob really had nothing to do with Protestantism, but was got up under Russian infnences, for the purpose of bringing abou! \ collision between the Turkish scidiers be Obristiaa popula tion of the eity. 16 at it the soldiers had been allowed t his mob an im- outall » oredit cold known that Rugsia iste Wnsnrre What can be more | is determined to undermine the Turkish govern- at any and every means that may present ‘The Armenians are the real life and soul of Turkey; hence the policy of Russia has of late been to gain them over to her interest. One step to which she resorted for this purpose waa to get the See of Etchmiadzin within her ows jurisdiction, and thus influence the Armenians through their religious sympathies, Recently, through Russian intrigues, the See of Etchmiad- in, which had been vacated, was given to Mat- teos, the former patriarch at " who took an active part in the persecution of the Protestants. Further, Russia has just sent q commissioner to Constantinople—an Armenian general in the Russian service, Melickoff by name—to persuade the Armenians to combine their three Sees into one; the one of course te be that of Etchmiadzin, It is plain that this peaceable people would not have thus compromised themselves had they not been instigated and sustained by Russia on the one hand, and by the representatives of Pro- testantism on the other. Means are nothing in the estimation of rulers, provided the end seems attainable. The outpouring of innocent blood and the sacrifice of valuable lives are of but lit- tle import if their ambitious designs can be ac- complished. What is it to them that Christians and Moslems decimate each other, provided the door for intervention be opened? For if France is to protect the Catholics of Syria and fill that ‘country with her soldiers, it follows that Russia will be justified in extending the same protec- tion to the Greeks and Armenians of Constanti- nople. Such is the game now being played out. Verily, the “Eastern Question” is becoming more and more difficult of solution, for, between grasping Christianity and fanatical Islamism, the sick man seems to have but little chance of dying a natural death. Ovr FrvancraL anp CommerciaL Prospecrs— Breaxers Anesp!—In another part of to day’s Hera. will be found a carefully prepared and well digested review of the past and present financial and commercial condition of the coun- try. In it the various financial revulsions that have swept over the United States at regular in- tervals, from 1814 to 1857, are traced to their causes, and we are enabled to draw a parallel between the condition of things that preceded and brought about those revulsions, and that which we eee now existing in our centres of commerce and finance. If like causes produce like effects, then it appears almost inevitable ‘hat we are fast drifting down into the whirlpool of another financial crisis. At all events, we present to our readers the facts as they stand, and leave them to draw their inferences there- from. As all our commercial revulsions have been preceded by a period of wild speculation, so we find that within the last couple of months the Stock Exchange has been marked by a ra- pid rise of all classes of railroad securities. Railroad stocks that are absolutely valueless as investments have, without any appreciable cause, run up from ten to twenty per cent above the figures at which they ruled in the beginning of the summer. The sole basis for this rapid rise in railroad securities was the very unsubstantial one of estimated short crops in England and a prosperous har- vest at the West. It was calculated that this would give rise to a very large freight traffic, and there is no doubt that such is and will be the case. But of what real advantage to the stockbolders is an increase of traffic, when we all know that the railroads are irredeemably encumbered, and that all the profits are hardly adequate to pay up the interest on their bonds, much Jess diminish the amount of their indebt- edness? And yet we see speculators dealing in these valueless railroad stocks, and rushing them up to figures which they will never be worth, As to the operations of the banks and of im- Porters, they are of a character to arouse ap- prehension. The banks of this city have ac- tually at the present time a larger amount of loans out tban they had in the inflated period immediately preceding the crash of 1857. On the 4th of August of that year the loans were $120,597,060, and on the 13th of the present month the loans were $129,855,179—an increase of nearly ten millions of dollars .This accounts to some extent for the wild speculation on the Stock Exchange, as it does also for the large foreign importations into this port. In view of these indications, prudent men will trim their sails and look out for breakers, Tur Canat, Tor1s—Great Ixcrsase.—The fncrease in the canal tolls during the present year, as compared with the past, is quite large. The figures are as follows :— Increase in 1860..,.... eeeees ee tasese cece $88,061 27 Whole amount of tolls received from the opening of pavigation to and the second cus lower than they ever were before; and in the present year they are still below an average. The cause of the increase is twofold—first, the canals, which were sadly out of order, have been repaired; and, secondly, there waa not much produce to send lost year, and it was forwarded chiefly by railroad, that it might bring a return of cash as soon as possi- ble; whereas this year the produce on hand is abundant, and though the new bar not yet found its way to market, it has pushed forward the old to make room for it. In 1852 the canal tolla amounted to some $3,700,000. Bat the canals and the public interests have been im- molated to the railroad interest. In 1842 the leaders of the party who tried to break down the canals for the benefit of the railroads declared that the canals conld not convey another tom ef produce more than they did. Tha tolls were then reduced twenty per cent, and yet the increase of receipts was half « million of dollars. A farther reduction of twenty per cent took place, and there was. stil) an increase of receip's, proving that the ca- pacity had been entirely misrepresented. Frem the beginning the canala have been mismanaged, aud rendered a songue of pri 'o plunder. The money voted for theie onlange- tment was appropriated to other purposes, The cost of the oanals hag been forty miltioas. There ie a heavy debt on them, whicb wonld havo huweu extinguished by this time, tnd the enlarges ment complered, with seven {et of water in the