The New York Herald Newspaper, July 30, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N, W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON 87S. TERMS, cash in advance. Money sent by mail will be at the tisk of the sender. Postage stamps not received as subscription THE DAILY HERALD tiro cents per copy, $1 per annwn THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, al siz cents per ‘copy, or $8 per Frm the pon Edit " Wedneedog, f Hix Cents per co er vany part of Great Britain, or ppart of the Continent tah tcl po tage; the it fat sie cents jo, 201 Volume XXV THIS EVENING. AMUSEMENTS NIBLO’S GARDEN, Browdway.—Equestaian Paurona- ance. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street — wt Deouauenat oRLLe OF MiDKiD~ ficut ROPE Feats, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Domasy AND Son— ‘Lasoon rox Hussans. LAURA KEENF’S THEATRE, 64 Brosdway.—Oun Auunican Cousin NEW BOWERY. Bowery.—Axtizan or Lrons—Taxnese— Guost or tux 1 nx. NUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, paing CermoriaN BoxGs, Dances, Cuniosi rss, Ac. NATIONAL VARIETT@S, Chatham street.—Swiss Cor- = axp Dancinc—Scuoot ix an Urxoak—Lin- rice Bor. Broadway.—Day and RLESQUES, LIVING eS Fourteenth street.—Vooar ann In- PALACE DrRoMENEAL CANTERBUFPY CONCERT SALOON, 663 Broadway.— Gonos, Dances, Bun. sques, &c. No. 444 BROADW AY.—Sones, Dances, BoRiesquas, do. New York, Monday, July 30, 1860. " he New The steamship Quaker City, frdm Havana 25th fnst., arrived at this port yesterday morning. The news by this arriva! is not particularly interesting. ‘The health of Havann’ was pretty good, consider- ng the season of the year, but few cases of yellow fever being reported. The Captain General had just returned to Favana from Pinar del Rio, where he bad been on a visit for a few days. The British steamship Clyde arrived at Havana en the 23dinst., bringing news from Caracas, Vene- wucla, of the 7th inst. The news from that coun- try is not very favorable as to its political and social condition; robberies and assasinations were quite frequent, and the authorities inactive. The trial of the case of General Castro had been fixed fo take place on the 7th iust. before a jury com- posed of the Senate and the Judges of the Supreme Court. The Vene; Legislature or Congress adjourn- ed on the 61 st., having passed salutary laws for the protection and pacification of the country, pro- vided there can be found executive power enough for their enforcement. From the tenor of letters published in the Diario de la Marina of Havana, from its Honduras corres- pondent, it would appear that the treaty recently ratified by the Senate of the United States with that republic is not officially recognized, under the assertion that Senor L. Alvardo was not legally constituted the Minister of that republic near the frovernment of the United States, and that his labor fis a nullity. A correspondent at Bridgetown, Barbadoes, under date of July 11, says:—Our market for breadstuffs was nearly run out, when most oppor- tunely, yesterday morning, the barks Mayflower, Montezuma, Henry Trowbridge, N. H. Gaston, and brig Atlantic, from New York, arrived this morning, bringing 3,115 bbls. flour, 2,828 bbls. meal, 700 bags corn and 450 bbls. pork. From the general dearth of native provisions, and the consequently large consumption of breadstuffs, importers this time will realize large profits. Cod- fish is greatly indemand and supply small, although four cargoes from Newfoundland and two from Bialifax arrived during the week; on house bought four of these cargoes on privateto:ms. Lumber is wanted. Shingles are in large supply. The growing crops look well, but heavy rains are needed. The sugar crop is finished through the island, and the produce is estimated at about 47,000 bhds., nearly shipped, and no demand for tonnage Descriptions of the places of public resort mostly visited by the working population of the metropo- on Sunday, with accounts of the manner in which they, with their wives and children, enjoy themselves, are furnished by our reporters in our paper te-day. The Excise Commissioners—up to five o'clock lay evening—had examined and passed Fe 1,600 licenses, and rejected a large num- ber. They will hold their last meeting in the City Hall, at three o'clock, P. M., to-day, andt close the commission for the year. The ind the licenses passed upon will be opened for inspec- tion this morning, in Mr. Haskett's office, at nine o'clock, and applications will be received there up to the hcur of the final meeting. early all the re- » dealers have obtained lic Bpec rent year. clusive, on the third of August next. The recent visit of the Chicago Zouaves and the Savannah Republican Bloes to New York seems to have infused new spirit into the military organiza. tions all over the country. The original challenge of the Chicago Cadets to any volunteer military company in the Union, and the acceptance of the game by the Columbus Guard, of Georgia, are published in our paper this morning. Richard Bavendam, the keeper of a vile den in Boxter street, was yesterday arrested and commit ted to prison, charged with the Spaniard at his hou about a year ago. Sccused in robbing and beating him. Some of the etatements of the girl are corroborated by the re- Cords in the Coroner's office. The cotton market was firmer on Saturday, and some Balce were reported after the receipt of later forcige in tolligence from St. Johns. The trarerctions embraced about 2,800 bales, closing firm on the basis of 10,0. for The demaod for superfine and com- mon grades of State and Wostern four war fair and middling uplands. prices unchanged, while medium grades and commor extras were irregular, Wheat was in fair demand, while Corn was prices exhibited no alteration of moment Comparatively quiet, while prices were steady. Pork ‘was lower; sales of new most were made at $18 00 a $10 129), an! of new prime at $14. Sugars sold to a mo. erate extent, while prices were sustained; the tramac Bions included 3000400 bhds. and 450 boxes. Cole ‘wee firm, while sales were limited, Freights continued firm, while engagements were light. Among the ship: meats to Liverpool were 22,000 bushels of wheat, in Whip’s bags, at 10d. a 104d. Tue Wearnen ann tux Meteor.—For the pas two or three days the weather has become re- markably cool for the season; the thermometer yesterday fell to 75 degrees, while last week it rarely marked below 85 degrees or 88 degrees. During portions of yesterday the air verged wpon the icy. Everybody must have observed that ever since the great meteor visited us the Yat has been greatly diminishing, and that nand thunder storms have been very fre- ej) ontand violent. The atmosphere appears to be surcharged with magnetism and electricity 4o on unusual degree. Can our scientific then snd observers of atmospheric phenomena tell us tore her the meteor has anything to do with this &<cs0rdinary state of the weather? of mses for the cnr- The licenses will be delivered in the fol- lowing alphabetical order:—From letter Ato J inclusive, on the first of Augnst; from K to R inclu- pive, on the second of August; and from 5 to Z in- murder of a The principal witness against him is a girl who enticed the man into the house, and afterwards assisted the BP The Workings of the Political Revelu- tleu-Dousias’ Point of Departure from ‘True Principle, The professional politicians are wonderfully exercised at the rapid changes and complete miscarriage of their plans and calculations, which the political revolution now going on in the popular mind is working. We are not surprised at it. The politician by profession never comprehends the operation of great principles. These overthrow all organi- zations, all bargains for office, all the antici- pated distributions of spoil, by acting through the masses of people who have no part in cor- rupt and selfish arrangements, This is the pro- cess that is now going on, and the people everywhere are seeking the true principles in- volved in the present campaign, instead of obeying the behests of worn out snd selfish political organizations. It is this process which is rapidly ranging the masses under the ban- ners of Breckinridge and of Lincoln, and leav- ing to the Douglas, the Bell, the Houston and the Gerrit Smith party managers and wirework- ers nothing but the empty shell of party existence to be -traded for and sold out for the benefit of the creditors and residuary legatees. Two parties only, in the present contest, have any real prin- ciple underlying their organizations, The black republicans have proclaimed a self-satisfied and seductive theory, that Northern society is more religious, moral and pure than that of the South, and claim that, being more virtuous, it is more happy. On this ground they are urging the country to an “irrepressible conflict” with the South, destructive alike to the great principles of the constitution which establish the equality of the Statee, and to the brotherhood, the social intercourse, and the great material interests flowing from that equality. This the people see; and that fact has ope- rated to diminish the popular majorities of that party in the North, and to make its banners the symbols of an aggressive war on the South. A factitious character has been given to the con- test, by concentrating it for a while on the question of Territorial sovereignty—one of the constitutional questions which has not been tho- roughly ventilated and decided by the people. This question rests upon certain simple, fixed and abstruse principles of government which cannot be departed from without leading to other departures from constitutional prin- ciple, which are full of danger to the government and to the Union. The old and now defunct democratic party had acted in the past without reference to these principles. leaving their discussion and settle- ment upon a permanent basis to the future. That discussion is now going on, and the time has come for its decision. Although the ques- tion has been presented before now, in the shape of Wilmot provisos and similar proposi- tions, and always with a formidable and widely agitating character, it was not until Mr. Douglas brought forward that Pandora’s box, the Kan- sas-Nebraska bill, that the real discussion was opened. When that bill was brought up in 1854, the farseeing and sagacious among the leaders of the democratic party perceived how neces- sary it was that the great principle involved should be formulated and expressed without reference to political partisanship or personal preferences. The policy that then animated parties is thus stated by Senator Benjamin, in his speech in the Senate on the 22d of May last :— The republicans profeseed the principle that the Con ‘ess of the United States bad the power to govern the ‘errivories, and that there was to be found in the consti- vaticn of the United States no prohibition against exer- cisivg that power 80 a# to exclude slavery; and thoy therefore went for excluding slavery from the Territories Uy the power of Congress, ‘which bad an admitted power 0 govern thom, The Southern members of the demo- cratic party, with some of the members from the North, agreed with the eget od ‘that the Congress of the Unite! States had the undoubted power to govern the Territories; but they held that there was a limitation to that power to be found in the constitution of the United States, which | imitation pregented the of the United States from exercising the power to exclude slavery, but, on the contrary, imposed it as a duty upon Congress to protect property in slaves, just as ali other property. The third school held that the sole power of Congres® was to institute an organic act, as termed it; that the sole power was to give, as it were, a constitu ion to Ue Territories by which the le might be Drought together in organized form, and that when the people were thus brought together in an organized form, in a legislative capacity, they inberent Bove: reignty, just as a State, and bad a right to do in reletion to slavery just as they pleased. All of these views were more or less biassed from the true principle by local interests and party aspirations, and in order to save the de- mocratic party from the inevitable dissolution which would follow an adhesion to local aspi- rations, instead of great national interests and constitutional principle, they all agreed to abide by the decision of the Supreme Court, the only passionless and disinterested interpreter of the constitution, To this wire agreement Senator Dotglas was a party. The decision of the Court came in 1857, in the celebrated Dred Scott de- cision. The block republicans undertook to get rid of that decision by denouncing the Court, and Mr. Seward, again and again, in the Senate and out of it, insinuated and charged that there had been a bargain between the Chief Justice and the President of the United States. That utterly groundless charge has recoiled on him everywhere, because it is confidently believed that in his accusations against the highest and purest in the land, be judges them by princi- ples of action which would have guided him ha’ he been in their place. The principle established in the Dred Scott decision is well known. When Mr. Doug- las went into the contest for the Senatorship of the Sta of Tinos, he had not the courage to fight a local battle on great national princi; lcs in opposition to the evanescent prejudices of the day. He shrank from his obligation and duty as a na- tional statesman, and when Mr. Lincoln, in 1858, forced him on the question, he replied as follows:— 1) matters not what way the Supreme Co } after decide as to the abetrast question wectbor taresry MAY OF May NOt go into ® Vermiory ander the oonstith- Lior the people have the Iawful means to introduce or exevade it as tbey please, for the reason that slsvery can hot exist a day or an bour anywhere unless it is «upport ed by local police regalations. Those police rogulations can nly be established by the local Lagisiature, and if fencstives to that Vody who ‘wil, by untried iegbre body who will ‘iondly logisia tion, oMuetually prevent the introduction of it into thet midst. If, on the contrary, they aro for it, their logisia- tion will favor its extension. noe, BO matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract question, still the right of the people to make e Ter: ri or a free Territory is perfect and complete under the Nebraska bill. I hope Mr. Lincola deems my answor sat on that point, Here is where Mr. Douglas departed from the true constitutional principle, abandoned his stand as @ national statesman, and took up the subordinate and inferior position of a locel partisan and political demagogue. This is the secret of his success with mere local politicians, and of his weakness as a candi@ate for national Position. Short sighted party managers and corrupt professional spoilsinen like the Albany Regency and shoulder-hitting Tommany «a Gsews, felt dat NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JULY 30, 1860, were of more importance than the Presidency, and they could not see that a Presiden- tial contest, conducted on great principles, al- ‘ways controls subsequent local elections. They forgot that every man is first of all an Ameri- can, and after that a New Yorker, or a Virgini- an—in a word, that the national feeling under- lies and controls that of State pride. This er- ror has led them and their leader, Mr. Douglas, into the innumerable contradictions of expedi- ency which are rapidly working their destruc- tion as political leaders of the people. The lineaments of the present canvass are just be- ginning to stand out to the view of the people, and as they become bolder in every section of the country, Mr. Douglas and his followers will comprehend that in abandoning great princi- ples for the sbifting grounds of local prejudice, they have lost all hope of obtaining from the people the trust of either national or local power. Tux Privcs or WaLrs anp THE Parsons.—We publish in another column 4 curious article from the Churchman, from which it appears that the Prince of Wales, on his arrival in New York, is to be seized upon bodily by the pious old fogies of Trinity church, and set up in that ancient minster as a new idol, to be worshipped conjointly with the god mammon, who has heretofore almost monopolized the devotions of that respectable, wealthy and very devout com- munity. ‘The “daughter church,” as our pious cotem- porary regards the denomination which Trinity represents, is about to exhibit its filial affection by boring the future head of the “mother church.” We are told that “the clergy and vestry of Trinity church, in an especial manner, will show attention and respect to the young Prince.” Perhaps it is intended to instal him as the head of the Episcopal church in America, as his mother is the head of that establishment in Great Britain apd Ireland. We had hoped that the young Prince, travel- ling, as he intends to do in the United States, simply a8 a private gentleman, and having thereby escaped the clutches of our vulgar Common Council, would be saved from bores of every kind; but it seems that, while avoiding the attentions of our not over pious Corpora- tion, he is destined to fall into the embraces of the very pious fogies of the Churchman and old Trinity. Itis evident, from the spirit of the article referred to, that the heir apparent to the throne of England, and therefore the future “Defender of the Faith,” is to be made a show of upon strictly religious principles—that is, provided that his own good sense (for he is re- presented to be a very sensible youth) and the judgment of the noblemen and gentlemen who accompany him do not rebel against the ful- some stuff of the Churchman, and that the Baron Renfrew, under which title only we shall know him, does not refuse to carry out the pro- gramme of the clergy and vestry of Trinity cburch. The Prince of Wales has been very well received in her Majesty's colonies. Every- thing compatible with the most exuberant loyalty, and the most enthusiastic ad- miration of his “brilliant hazel eyes,” “well knit figure,” his graceful condescension and very delightful dancing, on the part of the ladies especially, has been done in St. Johns. He has made himself exceedingly popular by remaining at the ball until two o'clock in the morning, dancing with half a dozen different young ladies in succession—not the best of dan- cers, either, it would appear. He even tuvk upon himself the duty of calling out the figures occa- sionally—“first couple right and left”—*bal- ance to the right”—“ladies to the centre,” and 80 forth—all very charming in a Prince, and very natural in a young man of nineteen, in- tensely devoted to the Terpsichorean art—as what young man of nineteen is not? The Prince has evidently come to this conti- nent to enjoy himself, as well as to study the institutions, colonial and republican; -and we opine that wher he comes to the great metropo- lis of the United States he will hardly enjoy being seized upon by the parsons, exhibited in Trinity church, and saluted with the stupid homage of a set of old fogies who have more piety than brains, On the contrary, we think that the grand nephew «f “the first gentleman in Europe” would be m ch better pleased in tripping it on the light (ontastic toe with some bright fated Yankee gir; to the music of Dodworth’s band. The Princé of Wales reimeinson the frontier of the British possessions—‘)e Baron Renfrew, @ young nobleman traveling privately for his amusement and instruction, enters the domains of the United States, and we trust that he will be permitted to accomplish his purpose, like any other private gentleman whose rank he has decided to assume. He does not come here as the future King of Great Britain, or the future head of the Church of England, the mo- ther of the Episcopal church of America; and while he fortunately escapes the ovation which he would certainly receive in the former charac- ter, itis to be hoped that nothing of the kind will be forced upon him in the latter. Cunnot the Trinity church people find enongh to do in enlightening the benighted heathen in foreign parts, and let the Prince of Wales alone? Incratrrepe or tHe Dor 3 PoLrrictans.— We find the following notice in one of the small- fry provincial papers published out West, and devoted body and soul to the Douglas inter- est:— Our readers will understand the rumors and constant reports unfavorable to the democratic nominees, Douglas and Johneon, which are seat by telegraph all over the ¢ ben they are told that the Associated Press the Naw York Ilenanp, Times, Tribune, Cou rier and Enquirer, and Evening Post. every one of which is opposed to Mr. Donglas, Among their falachoods, cir- culated for the benedlt of Lincoln and Breckinridge, we notice one to the effect that the friends of Mr. Douglas in tend to renominate bim in 1864, and which is greedily cau! by the tory press as Cvitonce of the want of coniidence im the present can vase, What an ungrateful set of fellows these Doug- las men are. Ever since the nominations at Baltimore, the columns of the New York daily press have been filled with telegraphic de- spatches containing favorable reports of Doug- las meetings and Donglas receptions in all quar- ters of the country, for which the Associated Press paid pretty smartly. Indeed, to judge from the newspapers, one would almost suppose that there was no one else in the field but Doug- las, Like Figaro, it was Douglas here, and Douglas there, and Douglas everywhere; and yet his adherents grumble because one little despatch does not suit them. The fact is that the agents of Douglas have been citpulating all their enthusiastic accounts of demo,“trations themselves. They bave seized upon the news Paper correspondents everywhere and crammed them with all kinds o ties until the poor cor | the,” Will execute the lawa po W them the ivval clevious + respuudeus were bowiidered aud Wid wei koow | piergly” what they were doing. But the newspaper cor- respondents are getting tired of this kind of cramming, and they will probably write nothing but the truth in future. Sunday Recreations—The Parks and Gardens Around New York. Of late years there has been growing up in our community a decided taste for Sunday ex- cursions to the innumerable places of interest in the vicinity of New York; and accordingly as that taste has been developing itself, the means of gratifying it have been also progressing with more or less regularity. The opening of Cen- tral Park, with its wide and sweeping drives, ite pleasant paths for quiet strolls, and its many objects of attraction, gave great encouragement to this popular tendency; and the establishment of the numerous lines of city railroads contri- buted also to the same end. Within the last few months the Harlem Railroad has given evi- dence of the growing liberalism of the age, and of the good sense of its directors, by running half hourly trains to the Central Park, thus competing with the regular city railroad lines for the profitable business of carrying excur- sionists to and from the Park. The Hudson River Railroad has not yet thought proper to run—as it might do—excursion trains from Chambers street to the vicinity of the Park; but we presume that that corporation will also, in good time, imitate the Harlem road in that re- spect. The greater the facilities offered to the public for travelling to and from those beauti- ful grounds, the more will the taste for visiting them be developed and strengthened, until eventually the Central Park will be to New York what the beautiful parks of European capitals are to those cities—the Sunday rendez- vous for a large proportion of the population. In the interest of public morality and public health, there can be nothing more desirable than such a state of things. Fortunately, however, there is no restriction upon the tastes of the community as to the lo- calities where they may seek health and recrea- tion on the Sabbath. On all sides, up the rivers and down the bay, on the shores of New Jersey and Long Island, on Staten Island, and around Harlem and High Bridge, are attractive places, where, at a very moderate expense, people may enjoy themselves according to their various tastes. Jones’ Wood and Conrad’s Park have their charms for some; East New York and the numerous German gardens in the vicinity at- tract others. Swarms of operatives, with their wives and families, pour into Staten Island by the boats that leave the Battery every half hour. The Brooklyn city railroads have barely capacity to carry the thousands who get into the country by the various avenues. The beach from Greenwood to Bath is gay with saunterers and picnic parties; Long Island is boisterous with the merry shouts of those who disport themselves in the surf; dozens of excursion boats carry passengers down the bay and up the rivers; and, in fact, every beautiful suburb of New York is the scene, on fine Sundays, of life and animation; and the strictest Puritan might, on looking at such a panorama, smooth the wrinkles off his face and confess that, after all, there might be something in the philosophy which inculcates happiness as the great object of life. There are, however, some sour visaged phari- stes in our midst who hold up their hands in holy horror at what they, in their narrow, un- christian views, regard as a desecration of the Sabbath; and if these canting hypocrites could have their will, they would have every ferry boat and excursion boat moored at its pier on Sundays—would prevent the running of cars on every city railroad, and would tole- rate no movement in the streets except the solemn walk to and from their own conventi- cles. Happily, however, they have not much influence, and despite of all their efforts, the poor artisan, who bas been toiling at his beach or in the dusty factory from Monday morning till Satu@lay evening, may, on God’s Sabbath day, ramble along the ocean beach or over the green fields, and with his wife and children seek that health which would seem to be denied them in their pent-up apartments in filthy tene- ment houses. Probably not leas than two hun- dred thousand of our artisan class thus leave the city every fine Sunday. Yesterday was a gloomy and unpleasant day; but still a very large number of people congregated in the different ~ suburban .resorts.. Our. reporters. visited several of those places, and furnish sketches ef the scenes which they witnessed. One fact deserves specially to be noted and commended to the attention of our so-called reformers, and that is, that with such a perfect freedom from police restraint as prevails in the suburbs on Sundays, there is rarely an infrac- tion of the peace, or a violation of good order, to be complained of. People learn to be po- lite to one another in these cosmopolitan com- minglings; and in this way we regard them as really conducive to morality. When the Erie and the Long Island and the Hudson River railroads recognise the profit and propriety of inaugurating Sunday excursion trains,as the Harlem and the Staten Island roads have done, aud open up new routes for Sabbath trips, the good results of encouraging such a taste will be still more apparent. In the meantime let our toiling artisans make the most of their present facilities, and laugh at the grimaces of the Sabbatarians. Tue Inrerressipte Coxriict mw Virctst.— In yesterday's Henatv we published an inte- resting account of the cutting down of the republican liberty pole in the vicinity of Occo- quan, in Virginia. Notwithstanding the “blow- ing” and gasconade of the republicans, who were armed, they permitted the pole to be taken down and chopped to pieces by a milita- ry company, without making the slightest effort to defend it. There can be no doubt that the erection of this pole is part of avplan to drive the people of the South into some act of yio- lence which will injure their cause at the North, unite the republican party, and induce all the moderate and conservative men to vote with them in the Presidential struggle: for no one pretends that the republicans have any party in Virginia, or that their ticket can get a handred votes in that State. The object of erecting the pole, therefore, ix like the incendiarism in Texas, intended to ex- asperate Southern men into the commission of deeds which will serve the republican cause But we have every confidence in the good sense of the Southern people, that they will not be provoked into any course calculated te pla) into the hands of the conspirators, but that if they find any rascals engeged in treason them withe ut gt mee ree “ Tows axn Counrar,—{a x. ese sultry days of } trade in existence. The British find that thelr July, thove who reside and rem.™i2 in & great, | colonies of Trinidad and Guiana would go to bustling, crowded city like New York, pro- Iific in novelties and excitements, ha’ their pleaeures and compensations. The mind will, of course, long for the seaside, the mountain retreats, the watering places, where health and fashion meet each other, the quiet cottages by the lakes, or the majestic scenes of nature. It must long for something. But instead of these, we have had the Zouaves, the Japanese, and the Great Eastern, and are to have the Prince of Wales. It is true many of the residences of our up town aristo- cracy are deserted for the summer; the fashion- able churches are closed, flocks and pastors have scattered themselves throughout the country. Quiet reigns in Fifth avenue, and it is con- sidered humiliating for a member of the elegant world to be seen in town. But time and the Central Park will change all that. Meanwhile we find ourselves overrun with correspondence from the watering places—now highly eulogis- tic of the beauties and advantages and delights of this or that retreat; of the urbanity of the host, and the gentlemanly bearing of the clerk; and again devoting to the infernal regions the avarice that condemns poor victims to suffoca- ting little holes, dignified with the title of bed- rooms, and to the dangers of starvation in sight of plenty. The correspondence which we publish else- where in our columns »to-day belongs princi- pally to the former category. It comes from Old Point Comfort, Cape Island, Rockaway, Piermont, Whitestone, Long Island, Niagara Falls, Newport, Stratford, Fairfield and the Lehigh Valley. As a well painted land- scape affords pleasure to the observer, and sometimes leads him to fancy him- self reclining in the cool and pleasant shades represented on the canvass, so the perusal of these tattling letters may delude those who remain here into a momentary imagining “that they, too, participate in the enjoy- ment of the hoarse surf st Rockaway, or of the elegant society at Old Point Comfort. If it was not for the extortions and discomforts to which people are subjected at watering place hotels, there would be a much larger summer exodus from our city than there is; but all the attractions of the country are, to most people, inadequate to compensate for the surrender of the comforts of their city home. We have been long trying to awaken the keepers of country hotels to a sense of their own interest in that regard, and hope that our efforts have not been entirely without good results. Muurary Exviatioy.—The recent visit of the Chicago Zouaves to this city, Albany, Boston and Philadelphia has put all our military ama- teurs on their mettle, and many of our volun- teer companies are about to introduce the style of drill, the gymnastic exercises, and even the rules as regards temperance, the effect of which has been 80 brilliantly exemplified in the Zou- aves. But still, this company, with its univer- sally acknowledged superiority in drill and dis- cipline, is not to be allowed to carry off the palm without a contest. The challenge which they gave to all the volunteer companies of the United States has been accepted by the Colum- bus Guard, of Georgia, who offer to compete with them at Memphis, Tennessee, in May next. Ve publish this unique challenge and its ac- ceptance in the Hera.p to-day, and we expect that the matter will create an immense sensa- tion in military circles. Should the terms of the Columbus Guard prove satisfactory to the Zouaves, the scene of this modern tournament will attract an immense concourse of people from all parts of the coun- try, and will rival in celebrity the famous Field of the Cloth of Gold. We know of no reason why Col. Ellsworth should reject the terms, ex- cept on the ground of the remoteness of the period fixed; because the ten intervening months would suffice to enable his competitors to attain the highest point of proficiency; and his challenge was to companies now trained, not to those that might hereafter be trained. Still, he will hardly stand upon that formality, and will probably accede to the proposition. A spirited rivalry among our volunteer troops all over the country has been growing up of late. Our own Seventh regiment did more than any other organization to promote it, and now the Chicago Zouaves have come to show “the Seventh that they have still n “higher stan- dard to attain, The plan which Captain Mans- field Lovell, of the City Guard, has recently in- troduced, of drilling his men to the use of the large guns on the forts imthe harbor, is an emanation from that esprit du corps which {s being developed. The system Will, we may be sure, be followed by other companies. With such laudable emulation manifesting itself among military men, we may safely calculate that, in the course of a few years, ‘his country will possess an army of over a million and a half of volunteers, which, in point of discipline, will compare favorably with the standing army of any European nation. Gestruetion, like Jamaica, if they did not supply Place of the negro slaves with white mea, Whom they make slaves to all intents and pur- poses. Itis well known that the coolies are coniinually committing suicide to escape from the horrible sufferings they endure, and on board of the slave ships these ped men, called free, often rise in revolt againat the cap- tain and crew, and the most frightful scenes take place. Yet British statesmen and the British press lecture the United States upon their mild institution of domestic slavery. Cam the force ef hypocrisy further ge? Prorrr axp Loss Account or THE Great Easrery.—The Great Eastern starts at two o'clock to-day on her excursion trip to Cape May, with probably between a thousand and fifteen hundred passengers on board, and quite 8 fleet of little excursion steamers in her wake, which will sport around the great Triton Hke 80 many minnows, as as can with her. saint Sacsadpaiiad ‘The exhibition season of the Great Easterm closed on Saturday, and was undoubtedly « very profitable one. Indeed, we think it can be demonstrated that her Atlantic trip paid pretty well, considering that it was after all little more than 8 trial voyage, and in England was evidently looked upon as an experiment to test her capacity and safety upon the ocean. Tt is true that the directors expected some profit to accrue from it, but the voyage was more of an experi- mental than a commercial character. When the news reached England of her safe arrival here, and her prospérous and rather speedy passage—considering the great care exercised in running her, and the disadvantage she had to contend with, owing to her foul bottom—the stock went up at once, and confidence was restored. Let us see now how the profit and loss account of the voyage stands. The ship left Southampton on the 16th of June, and she will leave this coun- try for England on the 16th of “August, which, allowing ten days for her return trip, would make the period of the whole voyage just seventy days. Her expenses average about $1,200 a day, or probably not quite so much, at which rate the expense of the vayage would be $84,000, or we will say, in round numbers, $80,000. She will have received before the voyage is completed about the following sums from various sources:—From 150,000 visiters in New York, $75,000; from her trip to Cape May, including tickets and profits from the restau- rant, about $15,000; from visiters at that point, say $5,000 more; from her visit to Annapolis, $15,000 in coal; from visiters at Annapolis, Baltimore, Norfolk, &c., $15,000; her freight home to England will probably pay $15,000, and her passengers and other sources about $10,000—making her total receipts $150,000. Thus she will have made a clear profit of $70,000 by her first Atlantic voyage. So far the Great Eastern has not done badly; but the question now is what is to be done with her when she gets back to England? She is too large for the commerce of the present day, and will hardly pay as a passenger and freight carrier. As a troop ship, calculated to throw ten thousand men into any given point in an emergency, she is invaluable, and to this ser- vice she will probably be devoted ultimately. However, it is satisfactory to think that she did not lose either in money or reputation by her visit to America; and she§J has demonstrated hat vessels of the largest size can cross the bar at New York and lay alongside of our wharves. Yt News from the National Capital. OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. Wasarroton, July 29, 1860. ‘THE CASS-IMERRAN TREATY. ‘The Cass-Herran treaty is at lasta fixed fact. It hagrun the gauntlet of the elements and the politicians, the Pa- tama railway men and the steamship Commodores during the last two years, till it has been twice drowned, and many more times stabbed with intent to kill, But it has escaped all these perils, and has finally reached the pigeon boles of the Circumlocution Office through the Protection and politeness of our Minister to New Grana- da, “x Senator Jones. When an exchange of this treaty. was first attempted, it was lost bya wreck on the Magdalena river. Afterwards an approved certified aud sealed copy having been sent from Bogota to Washington by mail, the Postmaster at Carthagena forwarded it by a sailing vessel, advising his government At Bogota of the fact, but neglecting to write to Senor Pombo, Charge de Affiites at Waehington. The vessé! was wrecked in February last, but the Grst intelligence of the Joes of the treaty was received in this city from Bogota, No wonder Geveral Jones chose to enact the character of escort to ‘this preeiont doeument after all this ill luck. Now, however, the spe) broken, and only an appropria- tion by Congress is requiret to pay the expenses of the jon to settle the claims under it, to full effect and force to this celebrated treaty. General Jones is greatly pleased with the people and the country and contemplates an carly return thither, His attention is required for the arrangement of private business affairs, vhich are ecmewhat deranged by the death ofa relative. He is said to be very popular with the New Granadiags, and his efforts have beer be- spoken with reference to the establishment of a more liberal commercial policy towards the United States by the South American republics. Frequent steam commu- nication between all the ports on the west coast of South America and the United States ports, via the Isthmas, is & matter of the utmost importance to New Granada, as the owners Of the Isthmus, which must shortly become tht seat of onc of the greatest commercial depota th the world. It is tobe hoped thet Gen, Jones will ap- Preciate the vast importance to ovr own country of free fnccess to the South American markeis for our products. Gen. Herran is now in Bogota, and the legation is in charge of bis secretary, Senor Pombo, who, with te family of Gen. Herraa, ie now in Now York. Gen. Jonce Veft here to-day for bir home in Iowa. e APPOLWTMENT OF A POSTMASTER, John Dawson, connected with the Breckinridge orrin zation is Obio, has been appointed Postmaster of Colum. bas, in place of Thomas Miller, removed. Paymaster Robt. W, Chilton will proceed to pay the \roops at Fort Mackinac. Tur Gatway Liye ayp tue Goverywent Svsstpy.—There seems to be some dyubt and a good deal of mystery about the government subsidy to the Galway steamship line. It was pretty confidently stated, some time ago, that the contract was transferred to a Canadian company, and that we shotild see the vessels of the originai Galway line 1a New York no more. The London Times of the 1)(d inst, tells us that the Galway company is in extremis, whateyer it means by that, for other indications certainly point to a different condition of health. For instance, the Liverpool Post of the 18th, a week later than the Times, says, positively, that the government disallow in folo the proposed trans- fer of the Galway line mail contract to the Montreal company. Moreover, the ships of the Galway line are running still. Tie Pacific is advertised to sail from New York on the Lith of August, and the Prince Albert on the 16th, while the new ship Connaught, which cost half © million of dollars to build, is now in Boston, after making her first voyage. We trast that the Galway [ine will not be Non-Arrival of the ohemian, Moytrrat, July 20—Evenmg ‘Tore were no signs of the Bobenaian at Farther Point this morning. b ‘The Nova Scotian, from Quebec, passed Farther Point at midnight of Saturday, bound to Liverpool. ‘The line is interrupted thie evening between this c y and Quebec. Markets. New Onieane, July 28, 1860 Cotton quiet: sales to day 1, . broken up at the height of its svocess. dling; mile of the week 6, Selon re at oun vebriray , Sgninet 990 bales the Some last y et ee 250 bales: total exports, 2,109,600 bales; Tur Bieri Govenxwenr axp Tue Cooise Trave.—The English Emigration Commission- ers have given notice of their intention to re- ceive tenders for three veseels for the convey- ance of coolies from Calcutta @British Guiana. and two vessels for the conveyance of Chinese emigrants from Hong Koug or Whampoa to the same colony. All recoilect what « fuss was made in England when the Emperor of the French proposed to take free negroes to hie colony in the West Indices. But bere ty slave trade in * prbite wen Wack ey Wolse Wad wey wack slave eck: Tae Coffee firm at 15c. a 1 +} the week, age: stock im port 4,000 , agar 18,250 bags the same time last Fat, b age on Lon- don 94 8% per cont premium, and with bills of lady Percent premium Sight exchange on New Ye re cent premivm. Freights of cotton to Liver- Cunctewatt, July 28, 1960 a ovorate: holders ask #440 2 #4 60 for y eteady at 16%. Money market va Cmca00, July 2, 1960 r Wheat fem at Ooie. a G1e for Ne 2 anring “eh fer te. § ced, Gorm Grm: sales 29 OW bushels,