The New York Herald Newspaper, July 4, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, NEW YORK ‘HERALD. | JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. WIBLO'S GARDRE, Brondway.- Poca xo: brag ee BOWER) THEATRE, Ive Gir \—Paer ov Buoop—Pucriy © KING Mar Gurtess i Nor Gorw—Covar Foou om WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway,—Laea Roosu— Youne Actus. Tooadway.—Jessig Brown. WINTER GARDEN No. G24 Broadway.—Tr iasOn CHUSOKs Moret GOoss eRICAN M . Hoadway.—=Day and gn yn « (tres Ot Danse Tate Coca: clay) so CGROSURERS, MINSTRELS, Mechanics” nage Saat, 1 Orcadaen.— Sonas, DANces, 4c. SCENES at Faxxsogovau. zo. Canisty’s Mix- ARES OF A SALOON, Broadway.—@ ix 50NGS, DANCES, Boncmuous, ad 0. — Mist. NATIONAL Se. SALOON, Mational Theatre.— Sorcs, Dances, BURUESQUES, Bc. 'SMPLE_ OF MAGIC, 414 Broadway.—Somers Pantas- tiguss ex Por. Jacoms ax Gosiin Sraigutiy. PALACE GARDEN, Foureeuth street.—Vocan axp In- @rxvMenrat Concsar. T SALOON, 663 Broadway.— CANTERBURY CON Boxas, Dasies, BuRiesgo! CORNER OF THIRTE! REET AND BROAD- WAY.—Caurroasia Menagunin, New York, Wednesday, July 4, 1860. —————————————————— MAILS FOR EUROPE. New ‘York Herald — Edition for Europe. The Cunard mai? steamship Asia, Capt, Lott, will leave jay, for Livérp mails will clogee in this city this ring at Seven o'clock. ‘The Evnorgan Eprron or tim Hxrarn will be published at sx o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, nix couts. The conteuts of tho Evrorran Eprriow or tae Hera will comp ine the news received by mail and telegraph the office during the previous week, and ap to the hour of publication. The The News. The United States steam revenue cutter Harriet Lane, Capt. Faunce, seized on yesterday afternoon, outside ndy Hook, the bark Kate, Capt. Otto, on sus on of being about to engage in the slave The Kate was cleared at the Custom House by “Captain Watts,” bound to Cape Palmas, West Coast of Aftiea, and sailed yesterday. She was brought back to the city and anchored off the Rattery. Her crew are composed principally of Portug and Spaniards, from whom no informa- tion eo ve gained. Her cargo is such as slavers carry. At the time she was seized Capt. vserved some curious movements of a then some distance off, and ran for her, © proved to be the Magnolia, having on board « number of men, of whom no reliable ac count was given. Capt. F., having no dowbt but that they were to be put on board the Kate, as ap- pearances indicated, immediately seized the tug and bror ght her to the city, and detained her pas- examination, Jefferds, the suspected principal in the Walton-Mathews tragedy, surrendered himself to the authorities vesterday morning, and is now con- fined in the mbs. The prisoner says he knows nothing whatever about the assassination, and that he can easily prove an alibi, He admits being in New York on the night of the murders, but says he was down towa, in the neighborhood of Chambers street, when they took place, Elsewhere will be found full particulars of the sarrender of the pri- soner, together with some interesting matters relat- ing to the domestic difficulties of the Walton fa- mily. Two fights between members of engine compa- nies Nos. 21 and 15 occurred last evening, the first at the corner of Broad and Wall streets, and the oth n Chatham street. At the last mention- ed encounter stones and other missiles, and even firearms, were freely used by the combatants, and eleven persons were wounded in the mélée, Ac- counts of the fights and a list of the names of the injured may he found ia another column, A dinner was last evening given to George Wilkes, Fsq., at the Astor House, by his friends, which was also made the occasion of the presenta- tion to him of a suitable testimonial of regard. A full report of the entertainment will be found else- where. The New York National Democratic State Com- mittee met at Syracuse yesterday, and issued a call for a State Convention, to be held at Syracuse on the Tth of Angnst next, for the nomination of Presi- Gential electors pledged to support Breckinridge and Lane. The New Jersey Democratic State Com- mittee recommend the nomination of a half and half electoral ticket, with the view of ensuring the defeat of the republicans in that Stat By the schooner Hiawatha, Cap.. Evans, we have dates from Aux Cayes to June 11. There had been frequent shocks of earthquakes for the past two months, without, however, any serious damage. The Board of Excise Commissioners continue to hold six sessions a week, without so much as one intermission since the commencement of thei labors for the present year. Their meeting yester- Gay was one of the most business like sessions which they have yet held—a large batch of appli- cations for licenses being received, out of which eighteen were granted, at the minimum rate of $30 each, The Police Commissioners, at their meeting yea- terday, accepted the resignation of Sergeant Brady, of the Twentieth ward, and received a special re- port from the Sanitary Police respecting slaughter houses. No other business transpired. Beef cattle yesterday were in more mode- rate supply and rather better demand, at a slight improvement in prices, ranging from 6 to 9 cents, including all kinds. Cows were steady. Veal calves were unchanged. Sheep and lambs were without material alteration from last week's rates, with a fair inquiry for all kinds. Swine were steady. The total receipts at all the yards were as follows:—2,830 beeves, 103 cows, 786 calves, 12,833 sheep and lambs, and 2,800 swine. There have arrived from the South, since Jane 30, 6,740 bbls. vegetables, 505 boxes peaches, 3,659 water melons, and 372 musk melons, by the various steamships plying from Savannah, Charleston and Norfolk to this city. Yesterday baving been the eve of the Fourth of July, Which is observed asa holiday, an! a desire prevailing ‘among dealers in cotton to await the receipt of later foreign pews by the Persia, caused a quiet market. Sales ‘were confined to a few hundred bales, on about thegbasia of 106. for middling uplands, and at 10%c. for Florida ‘and Mobile do., and at Ilo. for New ( rloans and Texas do. Fine cotton was scarce and firmly held. The weather at the South, it is said, was better, as rains had occurred in some districts of the cotton region. 11 is too early to form any Opinion regarding the probable yield of the growing crop. Tl is Viable to too many contingencies to form any reliable fodgment about it. Flour yesterday was without change of moment, while the market was firm, with a good ox port and domestic demand. Wheat was in good export and milling request, while prices were without lange of moment. Gorn was heavy and lower, while ogee bulier, by 1 | were taken to London at 60s.; Ss, Od., by stea The eighty-fourth anniversary of the inde. | pendence of these States dawns upon us under no ordinary circumstances. The infant repub- lic, cradled in adversity and baptised in blood, has asserted ita position in the front rank of the great Powers of Christendom, and is as a beacon light towards which the oppressed of all nations look with hopeful admiration. The cannon which will to-day salute the rising sun speak of material progress beyond any previous experi- ence in the history of the world. The old thir. teen States have been multiplied into thirty- three; the population of the republic Ims been increased from five to thirty-five millions; the scion of Britannia disputes with her mother the supremacy of the seas. In agriculture, in manufactures, in useful inventions, in the exact sciences and the fine arts, we have, in many in- stances, improved upon European models, We are at peace with al! the world. Our territory teems with material wealth. While the Euro- pean farmers are complaining of their crop prospects, ours are fine beyond precedent. The South points to a yield of cotton hitherto unexampled; California pours into the mint its auriferous product at the rate of fifty millions per annum; the West, crippled since 1857 by the financial revulsion, looks forward with hopeful joy to a full grain crop and an eager market. In fine, we notice in the year of grace 1860 the dawning of an era 6f prosperity such as the nation has never before experienced. Politically, the United States presents, on its eighty-fourth birthday, a striking contrast to its social and commercial aspect. If we should take our views as to the actual condition of the country from the writings and speeches ot the extremists, on either side of the issnes, between the factions of the day; if we accepted the fu!- minations of the anti-slavery party on the one hand. or of the fire-eaters on the other, we should be obliged to confess judgment, and ackaow- ledge to our European critics that they are right in declaring the model republic a failure, so fur as the demonstration of governmental science is concerned. But the facts in the case bear quite another interpretation. Accord- ing to the politicians we are on the verge of ruin. They are quick to inform us that, un- less their especial friends succeed to power, the Union of the States will be dissolved, the constitution will be rendered null and void, the bulwark of law will be broken down, and the social fabric will be swept away by the waves of anarchy and civil war. All this is to happen before the beginning of next winter, and yet there is no special excitement upon the subject. The politicians, it is true, are doing their best to arouse the masses to a sense of im- pending danger; but the masses, with a degree | of stolidity as refreshing as it is surprising, ab- solutely refuse to be aroused. The stump ora- tors rave in vain about the dissolution of the Union, and the consequent ruin of the country. The people quietly pursue their avocations. Public securities advance at home and abroad. In the great West new Territories are springing up in the most provokingly peaceful way. The nation buys and sells, cultivates the soil, in- creases its army and strengthens its navy, sends embassies to the far East, makes and ratifies treaties of amity and commerce with nations hitherto closed to Western trade; the metropolis welcomes, at the same point of time, the representatives of the Emperor of Japan, the England of the Orient, and the great ship, the crowning triumph of British inventors and artisans. We, as a nation, display the greatest interest in any matter of practical moment, and have the utmost contempt for political abstrac- tions. To-day the operations of General Gari- baldi in Italy are of more importance to our people than the struggles of the several factions for the Presidency of the United States. Gari- baldi is fighting fora principle; our politicians are having their usual quadrennial squabble over the spoils. There was a time when the American people were hoodwinked by their blind leaders. Du- ting the earlier period of our national existence the politicians governed the country, muzzled the press, and led the people by the nose. But the independent press has changed all that, and has realized the maxim of Jefferson, that “Error is no longer dangerous when truth and reason are left free to combat it.” Through free journalism, the corruption, the trickery, the insincerity and selfishness of the leaders of all parties have been thoroughly ex- posed, and their power has departed, never to return. Within the past few months we have wit- nessed the violent death of the party which, with a few exceptions, has ruled the republic for fifty years—a party which claimed a sort of divine right to power and an exclusive monopoly of the spoils. Instead of sorrowing over the demise of the democratic organization, the masses seemed to have a feeling of relief at the new sensation of freedom from the tyranny of a few leaders, who had managed during so many years to control an impudent and in- solent majority. The country is all the better and all the stronger for the dismemberment of parties and the quarrels of the factions. They have died by their own hands; they have been poisoned by their own corruption and utter rascality. The republic is now prepared to return to the pure and simple platform of the fathers; to realize on this, our national holi- day, the trths enunciated by those patriots who signed the Declaration with halters about their necks; the sacrifices made by that gallant band who risked their lives and fortunes to secure the blessings of civil liberty to their pos- terity, and gave to us, and each of us, a heri- tage beyond price. Compared to him who led our armies in the war of the Revolution, and the men who followed our flag through the iron hail at Trenton, the hunger, and cold, and deso- lation of Valley Forge, up to the glorious triumph of Yorktown, how petty and miserable are the would-be rulers and leaders of the peo- ple at the present day. The heart of the nation, however, is sound. The republic is built upon arock. The storms of faction may rage about it, but they cannot prevail against it. It will still stand, and generation upon generation to come after us will celebrate with swelling hearts and joyful voices each recurring anniver- gaits wore (uit, Pork was firm, but sales wore light at | “TY Of the jadependence of there United His 97 9 FLF Cor GOW mess, Chiefly wt the latter Dgure, States, Douglas Presidential Ticket. The Tammany ratification the other even- | ing of the Presidential ticket of Douglas and Johnson was a very remarkable, if not a very enthusiastic affair, First, from the absence of any recognition of the present democratic administration at Washington, and from the ab- sence of any living evidence of any connection between the sachems of the Wigwam and the great chief of the White House, the comedy was very much like the tragedy of “Hamlet,” with the part of Hamlet left ont by special request. Secondly, in their proceedings, cutting off and denouncing ail associations with the Breckin- ridge democracy, we see the folly of those stu- pid old Tammany Bourbons, who “never leara anything and never forget anything,” Ex-Mayor Tiemann, who presided on the oc- ca8ion, pronounced it as his opinion that “ the only way in which we can perpetuate and in- sure the safety of the Union is for the demo- cratic party to be one and indivisible;” and he thought, too, that “when the November elec- tion comes on we will have but one democratic party throughout the Union.” The prophetic ex-Mayor, however, falled to tell us how this unity and harmony in the camp are to be re- stored. As we make it out, the plan of Tam- many is to ride roughshod over the Breckin- ridge ticket, administration and all, and drive them from the field. Thus one of the Tammany resolutions de- clares “the only rightful and regular national democratic candidate " to be Stephen A. Doug: las, while Mr. Senator Pugh, of Ohio, the prin- cipal speaker on the occasion, protesting against any compromise with the Breckinridge party, said, “T can see no difference in the ultimate re- sult of the destiny of this Union whether Breck- inridge or Lincoln be elected. If we are driven to a bargain, let us, in God's name, go to some party that recognizes all the States in the Union alike. (A voice— The Union party.’) But I have faith in the courage of the democrat- ic party; I have faith in the miraculous fortunes of its chosen leader; he has whipped the rail splitter and the administration, and he will whip the rail splitter and the junior partner of the administration again.”, Such was the drift, and such the essence, of this Tammany ratification—a free fight and no quarter to the administration, or to the ticket or party representing the administration. This is an unprecedented proceeding on the part of old Tammany, for it has heretofore been regard- ed as her highest duty to keep close to the fat things of the kitchen. The presumption is that, abandoning all hope of any chance in the fede- ral spoils of the next administration, she is at last resolved upon a desperate revenge. We would, however, commend to the special attention of the belligerent Douglas democracy of this State, including Tammany Hall, the practical and sagacious resolutions adopted in Philadelphia the other day, by the Democratic State Executive Committee of Pennsylvania, in favor of a practical union in the State election, and in the Presidential election there, between the forces of Breckinridge and Douglas. Thus the fight in Pennsylvania between the two fac- tions, as proposed by the State Central Com- mittee, will be to assist each other to the extent of their power, while the contest as chalked out by Tammany Hall for the Douglas democracy in New York will be te hunt down and drive out the Breckinridge party, so that Douglas may rule the roast. But the other side can play at that game. The Pennsylvania committee have been acting like sensible men; the Sachems of Old Tammany, like a set of old fools, have resolved to starve themselves rather than agree to share the loaves and fishes with the other wing of the party. Poor old Tammany. Gal- vanized into a mere show of life now and then, what a mockery is the pretence that she still lives. Opening of Summer Travel—New York the Great Watering Place. We published a day or two ago a list of ar- rivals at the Ocean House, Newport, which seems to be the only watering place that is fairly under way as yet. We give to-day a few more letters, including one from Sachems’ Head, Connecticut, which place, it appears, is to be the headquarters of Senator Douglas during the summer golstice, and therefore a point of par- ticular interest to New York politicians. We hear on all sides the fairest promises from the landlords of the fashionable watering place hotels; but we are not disposed to put mach faith in them. The fact about the matter is, that the whole system is wrong, and until it is swept away there cannot be anything like radical re- form. The number of invalids who resort to the sea shore or the springs is very small, com- pared to that of the mere pleasure ‘seeker. When there is a crush at Saratoga or Newport it is made up almost altogether of people who go either because it is considered the correct thing to do, or to see who is there, or to display fine clothes and splendid equipages. Of late years there bas not been so much of this folly. Our wealthy citizens have built for themselves villas in the vicinity of the city, and have gathered about them coteries wherein elegant social enjoyment may be had, and where vulgar display and ignorant preten- tiousness are ignored. Thus the watering places proper are obliged to depend on the West and South for support—chiedly upon the South—the enstom of which section is growing “small by degrees and beautifully less” with each succeeding year. The political condition of the country may have had some influence in bringing about this consummation, but the ex- tortions of the hotel keepers at the more import- ant watering places must be accepted as the main cause. They were too greedy, and in starving their customers have overreached themselves. The metropolis during the present summer will have of itself certain distinct sensations which will be found especially attractive to pleasure travellers. Chiefest among these we account the monster ship, the Great Eastern, which now lies in the heart of the busy metro- polis, receiving the visite of thousands, As one of the greatest wonders of the world, she will bring crowds of people from all parte of the coun- try. Then we have our magnificent Park, with ite pleasant walks and superb drives; our splen- did Bay, dotted with verdure-crowned islands, and the noble Hudson—the Rhine of America. These, with the theatres, picture galleries, libra- ries, and the ever changing, always interesting, tide of humanity which flows daily through our great avenue, make up a series of attractions which cannot be matched by any other place in the world, save London and Paris. Late in the season we shall have a visit from the Prince of Wales; #0 there will be no ogcasion for tour- mand | The Tammany HaN Ratification of the | ists to place ie ao treal landlords in order to gaze upon royalty. Our hotel keepers maintain the even tenor of their way and their prices, no matter how great the crowd may be, and until there is some radi- cal reform at the summer resorts, called fash- ionable, New York will be, as it is now, the great watering place of America. The city is now swarming with strangers, and the ery is still they come. The tide of summer travel is setting towards the metropolis, and nothing can divert it from its course. The Complications of the Mexican Question, From present appearances it seems probable that Spain has determined to take active mea- sures in her relations with Mexico, and these may bave a very important effect upon the re- sult of the present contest in that disorganized and crumbling republic. Not that we suppose she will send any of the Dumerous forces, so long talked of, to overrun Mexico and restore it to the Spanish crown, but she may make a naval demonstration at Vera Cruz that will decide the trembling balance of Mexican parties. There has been a similarity in the policy pursued by our government and that of Spain towards Mexico, which has not been sufficiently observed by our statesmen and legislators; and the present result is that while a factious Congress, from party motives, has refused to sustain the efforts of Mr. Bucha- nan to incline the balance of Mexican affairs in our favor, and he is left with an unratified treaty and an impracticable policy upon his hands in the present crisis, the policy of Spain is just beginning to operate with vigor. Coincident with the McLane treaty with the Juarez government, Spain celebrated the Mon-Almonte treaty with the Cabinet of Miramon. The terms of the assistance we were to render the liberal government of Mexico are well known; the conditions of the Mon- Almonte treaty are known only so fur as Spain bas chosen to make them public, but the tenor of the secret articles which are known to exist has yet to be revealed. Our treaty has been rejected by the Senate, and the President is left powerless, while that of Spain has been ratified by the Cortes, and the Spanish Cabinet is fully empowered to act. There is another curious coincidence in these affairs, in the fact that while our Minister, Mr. McLane, is urgent to be permitted to come home, under the conviction that the action of Congress has destroyed his moral power and usefulness in Mexico, Senor Pacheco, the Spa- nish Minister, has just arrived there, convinced that the propitious time for him bas just begun. To add to this complete change in Mexican complications, the Spanish fleet in Havana is ordered to be put on a war footing, and to hold itself in readiness to proceed to Vera Cruz, while our gallant little navy has just received the reproof conveyed in the decision of the United States District Court at New Orleans, liberating the two steamers captured by Capt. Turner at Anton Lizardo. All of these events operate to destroy our moral influence in the neighboring republic, and to leave a fair field for Spain, should she determine to knock the walls of Vera Cruz about the ears of President Juarez and his Cabinet. Meanwhile rumors are afloat of new compli- cations in Mexico itself. It is known that Mira- mon and Zuloaga, leaders of the church party, ate at loggerheads, and that Miramon has put his predecessor in the Presidency under con- finement, and now advices from the Rio Grande state that Miramon himself has been defeated and made a prisoner by Gene- ral Zaragoza, of the liberal army, and that in Nuevo Leon a rising has taken place in behalf of the recall of ex-Presi- dent Comonfort. In addition to all these com- plications, there is the recent split in the Cabi- net of President Juarez at Vera Cruz, which has very much the appearance of a split in the liberal party. The result of all this confusion will be that Mexico will become a waif upon the stream of events, her commerce gone, her merchants bankrupt, her people divided, her rulers powerless, and her territory a prize for some energetic Power or ambitious adventurer that shall tender to her impoverished and dis- heartened inhabitants peace and security in ex- change for anarchical independence. Ayornen Privcery Vistrer.—We learn that the Prince of Wales will make his intended visit to America in the course of this month, leaving England on the 15th for Halifax, where he will re-embark for Quebec, and after seeing Cana@a and his future Canadian subjects, will perhaps visit the United States. The Mayor of Halifax bas invited a number of Mayors along the seaboard to meet the royal guest, and we tinderstand Mayor Wood has invited the young Prince to New York, through Mr. Dallas, our Minister at the Court of St. James, who delivered the invitation to the British Mi- nister for Foreign Affairs, but as yet has re- ceived no answer. Whether his Royal High- ness will come to New York is not yet certain. Tle does not visit anywhere in his public capa- city of Prince of Wales, but as a private gentle- man. If he should come among us we cannot do less than give the heir to the British throne a grand reception. If he comes he will come to us in peace, and we must not be, wanting in courtesy to the lineal descendant of the Third George, whose troops we whipped ont of the country. We have lately given a costly recep- tion to the Japanese princes—why not give a reception to a greater prince, hailing from a more powerful and civilized nation, one of our own kindred and race? The city treasury can stand another bill for receptions, Let us be mag- nanimous. Lonis Napoleon goes to Germany to make a friend of the Prince of Prussia; the Prince of Wales comes to us, and to make him our friend by sumptuous entertainments may be a very wise stroke of policy, only let it be done with digni- ty and in a manner worthy of the imperial city of the United States. A good understanding with the young gentleman, purchased on such easy terms, may save the country hereafter oceans of treasure and blood. If he inherits the obstinacy of his great grandfather it will be well to conciliate him in time. Ifhe does not, ci- vility on our part can do no harm. If he is en- dowed with a fair share of good sense, and be atall given to reflection on affairs of state, he cannot but feel, when he puts his foot on our shores, what a vast empire he has lost through the obdurate blindness of his foolish ancestor, It may serve asa lesson to him to beware lest one day, by a similar course of conduct, he may lose the balance of his heritage. But we have a better opinion of the youthful Prince, who is indebted to his sensible mother for many good JULY 4, 1860. qualities, which will prevent hfs falling into the grave errors of the past. The times, too, are changed, and princes, as well as others, are changed with them. Imrortant Decision—Riewts or AMERICAN Cirzexs or ForeiGy Birra is Taem Native Lanp,—A case of great importance to Ameri- can citizens of foreign birth from the continent of Europe, and particularly France, has just been decided by the Freneh tribunals. A na- tive of the department of the Lower Rhine, named Michael Zeiter, emigrated, while yet a boy, to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen at the proper time and in due form of law. In France his name had been enrolled for conscription on the register, and when he reached the age of military service the lot fell upon him to serve. Being absent, the police were directed to seize him whenever they might find him. An opportunity at length pre- sented itself. Zeiter, little dreaming what was in store for him, returned to see the spot where he first drew breath. It was at Weissenberg. He was arrested asa deserter from the army. Mr. Faulkner, our Minister at Paris, demanded his release as a right, on the ground that there was no service due from him at the time of his emigration, and that, having renounced his alle- giance to France and sworn allegiance to the United States, France has now no claim upon him. and his undivided allegiance is due to the land of his adoption. The French Tribu- nal, under the direction perhaps of the Empe- ror, has pronounced in favor of the claim of our Minister, and Zeiter has been discharged. This case is highly important, as the release of the prisoner was claimed as a right, and it will therefore serve as a precedent, not only, in France, but on the continent of Europe gene- rally, and may save this country from much trouble, if not actual war, hereafter; for never could the American government permit its na- turalized citizens to be carried off in the manner in which Zeiter was abducted, no matter what consequences should ensue. In 1812 this cona- try went to war with England for forcing Ame- rican citizens of English birth into the British navy, and it cannot permit any other nation to trample on the rights of our naturalized citizens after the same fashion. Some spurious cases have been presented for the consideration of our government, which dif- fered materially from the present, and which did not warrant the interposition of diplomacy—cases in which persons ac- tually owed military service at the time of emigration, and escaped to avoid the payment of the debt, which, however, like any other debt, still hung over them, notwithstanding their renunciation of al- legiance to the government under which they were born. On the return of such persons to their native land they have been arrested, aud our government could not interfere. Mr. Buchanan’s administration has done much more than any previous government to uphold the rights of American citizens of foreign birth in their native land. The trouble has chiefly arisen in the matter of conscription, of the com- pulsory service of the citizens of European countries in the army and navy. Sometimes it has occurred in Germany, and sometimes in France. In England it cannot occur, because there is no conscription or impressment there in time of peace, or even in small wars. Ireland and Scotland hitherto have proved sufficiently fertile recruiting grounds for voluntary enlist- ment to fight the battles of Old England at a shilling a day. How it will be hereafter, in consequence of the depopulation of those coun- tries by emigration, is another question. Mean- time compulsory military service, not merely in the militia, but in the regular army, prevails throughout the continent of Europe; and the decision, therefore, of the French Tribunal is one of great interest, not only to naturalized citizens, but to the country at large, and to the government, which might at any time find itself involved in a war with one or more of the powers of Europe, had a different principle of international law been insisted upon by the French government. Tar New Sreamers or tax Gatway Live.— We learn that the first of the four new steamers of the Galway line which has been launched— the Connaught—was not quite ready for sea on the appointed day—June 26—and that the Pa- rana, one of the Brazilian mail line, and a very swift vessel, was to be despatched in her place. Our readers are aware that the Galway Compa- ny have contracted with the British government to carry the mails from Galway to St. Johns in six days on their new steamers, the contract to commence on the 26th of June. We presume some arrangement has been come to with the Postal Department whereby the company will not be held liable in consequence of the failure to start the Connaught on her regular day. The Parana is not yet announced at St. Johns, and if she left at her right time she should have reached there before yesterday in order to come within the six daya agreement. The company, however, have purchased the Pacific to follow the Parana on the 10th inst.,and as this fine ship bas frequently made the passage from St. Jobns to Galway within six days, there need not be much doubt about her performing the contract strictly. It is announced that the Connaught will be the third boat, and by the time she is ready to sail the other three new boats—the Leinster, Munster and Ulster—will be launched and put upon the line at once. Ivervasep Vaier or Rea Estate is rae Ciry.—We perceive, by the return of the Tax Commissioners, that the value of real estate in the city, as assessed for taxation, has increased this year over last to the amount of nearly twenty millions of dollars. The total ralue of the real estate in the metropolis is now $398,- 533,619, and the total value of real and person- al property together is $577,230,656-—showing an increase upon the valuation of 1859 of twen- ty-five millions and a quarter. At this rate of increase the value of property in the city in ten years from now will not be far from a thousand millions of dollars. The assessments of real estate in the lower wards bear out what we have repeatedly no- ticed in these columns, that property was ra- pidly declining down town. The decrease in the value of property since last year in the Virst and Second wards alone, from the Park to the Battery, amounts to over three-quarters of a million, while property in every other ward, except the Seventh—running from Catharine to Grand street, and from East Broadway to the Fast river—shows a more than proportionate in- crease, amounting to over twenty millions in all. rae Cuiness Treaty—Ovur '.—Searcely have the Am- Rarievcation’ ¢ Pour iN Tue Nast bussadors from th government of Japan left this country, after an’ interchange of the com- mercial treaty which o,nens to us the trade of that exclusive nation, wh en the Secretary of our Legation in China arrives a¢ Washington bear- ing the ratified treaty between our government | | ' and that of the Celestial Empire, éogether with an autograph letter from the Em\veror to the President of the United States, ax @nnounced in our special despatch from Washin,tton yes- terday. ‘Thus, almost at the same moment, have Deen consummated our negotiations with the #0 most ancient and most powerful countries «2 Asia, a fattering commentary upon the cour of policy pursued by our government toward? these nations. While England and France— and the former country more especially—have been striving by force of arms to establish o trade with China, we have succeeded by pru- dence, fair play, and the exercise of a pacific diplomacy, in securing the opportunity to ex- tend our trade there—an opportunity which, we doubt not, we shall improve to the ultimate profit of our own country aud of China, And 80, also, with Japan, towards which England has pursued s more politic course than that which she adopted towards her neighbor on the Asiatic continent. Through the good offices of the American Minister, Mr. Harris, and by virtue of our good name with the Japanese, England has been enabled to secure certain commercial advantages with that country con- jointly—though she has not been honored with an Embassy yet—with ourselves, a benefit which Queen Victoria has not failed to ac- knowledge by presenting a splendid gold box to Mr. Harris, It is a matter of some congratulation for us to reflect upon, that while England and France are fitting out hostile armies against the Chi- nese, our administration is receiving assurance of the most peaceful and friendly relations with that people, and the ratification of a bighly aa- vantageous treaty from the hands of the Em- peror of China. Tae Poutica Revowwrion is New Esa- Lanp.—The signs in the political heavens show that the break up and revolution in parties is spreading everywhere, and the politicians are completely nonplussed and know “not which way to turn. It has already been shown how completely the Southern fire-eaters and dis- unionists are broken up, with Yancey and his pack clinging to Breckinridge, while Johnson, of Georgia, Soule, of Louisiana, and the small potatoes of secession in Alabama, cotton to Douglas. A similar result is beginning to show itself in New England. The Northern slant of one of the fractions of the democratic party is already producing a disintegrating effect upon the mo- derate black republicans, who hate the nigger- driving democracy of the South and the ramrod temperance men of the East with equal intensi- ty, and have too keen an eye to the main chance to follow Lincoln and Sumner in their revolu- tionary and destructive abolitionism. The peo- ple in NewwEngland are already to talk about the corruption of their local rulers, the defrauded treasury in Maine, the adulterat- ed liquor agency in Massachusetts, and the great lobby operations in both of those States in get- ting through their claims against the federal Treasury. As matters now look we are going to have one of the prettiest triangular fights in New England that has ever been seen. “The federal office holders will organize for Breckin- ridge, and hammer at the Douglas men for be- ing free soil abolitionists; the Douglas men will pitch into the black republicans on Elder Peck’s embezzlement, Burnham's, bad liquor, and Sumner’s violent John Brown attack on the Southern trade; while the black republicans can only harp on “Old Abe's” ability to maul rails and the corruption of the federal office holders, Esch party will be able to prove its accusations against the other, and we shall not be surprised to see the people go in for a new deal in both local and federal offices. The revo- lution is spreading; so look out for the first gun from Elder Peck's State of Maine on the 10th of September next. ph ae Tur Law axp rar Covrrs.—The Principal courts are about to close for the summer vaca- tion, and such of the judges and lawyers as are fortunate enough to be able to make the arrangement will soon be scampering off with the herds of tourists, bent on obtaining change of scene and air. Many of the judiciary must remain, however, to transact chamber business, and of the lawyers two classes will not leave, viz: those who are too poor to travel, and those who are too mean to doso. Of the latter are the patient, mercenary and tricky individuals who, with the assiduity of kingfishers, perch themselves over the stream of litigation in which prey may be obtained, and then gorge themselves with the skill and voracity of cor- morants. It is lucky for all of the profession that they can escape from the pestiferons dens which are called court rooms, where the raiasma of the atmosphere is not inferior to the odor of many transactions there investigated. It is per- fectly obvious that not alone must the phy- sical atmosphere of our courts be ameliorated, but the moral also. The election of judges by the people for short terms has neither improved the quality of judges in the orf- ginal selection, nor their usefulness when chosen. ‘They cannot be insensible to the popular influ- ences all the while surrounding them, and the careful observance of which is sometimes the condition on which their continuance in office The code, which in many of its prominent regulations has proved valuable, is in numerous details an acknowledged failure. It has not simplified pleading, nor diminished the amount or influence of sharp technicalities. Unforta- nately it is an imperfect system of procedure, which requires for its operation frequent refer- ence to and use of the old forms, especially in cases of equity jurisprudence, where the two systems are constantly colliding with or made | dependent on each other. Nor is the expedition | of judicial proceedings by any means increased. iS “law's delay” still asserts its habitual power, and it is wonderful how few cases are brought to a final determination until after the lapse of ten times the period that would be required under a more enlightened | and effective administration. The right of ap- peals is altogether too general, and experience shows that it must be limited, or the court of | fast reeort in this S:ate will aever see the end of its calendar. Add to this that of late years the fashion has prevailed in Albany of passing special lows to meet particular litigations,