The New York Herald Newspaper, April 16, 1860, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BEANETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. eee (QaWROE B. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON Br. ene TERME, cash 41 advance, Money sent by mail wilt be at the Wiak of the vender, Postage shampe not received as subscription Tih DAILY HERALD two cents por copy, $1 per annum. THE WEEKLY HERALD, every , at vin conts popy. oF 83 per annum the Suropean sition ¢ Wadnonl ay, tx cenle $i per annum ord be $6 to any po Continent, ‘both io 4 ; copy, to of the © i the Fe ee Pert on the ck ad SUR of ench oncnth ot le conte ber py cor Bi ty ua THE FAMILY HERALD om Wednesday, at four cents per OY NETH CORRESPONDENCE, containing important OLUNTAR. o news, solicited from any quarter of the world; ¢/ used, will ba oe Jor, BQ” UUR Forsign Oounsaronvents sam eicceaay Buquestgen vo Saas 111 Lerrens amp Pace- _————— << — — RT NEW YORK HERALD MONDAY, APRIL 16, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. account of the inauguration of the Clay atatua at Richmond, Va.,on the 12th instant, with reports of the speeches of Mr. Barbour, ox-President Tyler, Jobn H. Caskie, and other distinguished persons. A large fire ocourred in West Troy on Saturday night, destroying property to the value of about $30,000, which was partially insured, ‘The sales of cotton on Saturday were light, andconfined to about 400 a 500 bales, closing dull om the basis of 113(c. 81140. for middling uplands, Flour continued to rule firm, while the market was less active. The chief demand was from the domestic trade and for export, mostly to the British provinces. Southern flour was firmer and in good demand for shipment to tropical ports. Wheat was some less active, while prices were without change of mo- ment; the sales during the week have been large. Corn was heavy and lower, while the sales wore fair at rates Jove sume Us joacceeadtseme te cties pea return " “ADVERTISEMENTS renevced gvory day: fn sorted in the Waaxiy Hrnoio, Famiy ‘and én the and PRINTLNG, excouted with neatness, cheapness and de- Volume Xxv.. --No. 106 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIC Fourteenth street—Itauan Orsxa—Lucis Dt Lamuenmoon. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broad: .—EQuastnuax Parrogu- oe os ee ee BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—War Honse—Bva.zen ‘Wusorn—Artro. Dopcrs. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street.— Travian Orska—Eanam, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Sonoor rou Scan- Dai—Batuine. NEW BOWERY THEATR! Bowery.—Rosix Hoop— Faageut Tragapy wm tus Ronn Avenvs. MES. BROUGHAM’S THEAT! 444 Broadway.—Tax ‘hast ov tax Pigtaus. = eis BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEOM. Broadway.—! Bveulng—Jeamis Orans—Au Tuat Guttexs & Nor BRYANT’S MINSTRELS. Mechanics’ Hal! 472 Broad- way.—Bunissques, 60x08, Daxces, 40 —Tus RANGER, NIBLO’S SALOON, Brosdway.—Gro. Crristr's Mu- prusis ux Songs, Dances, Boutesques, 40.—Werro. COOPER INSTITUTE.—Exutnrtion or Peare’s Onigman PAINTING OF THE O: maTi—Afternoon and Kveulng. HOPE CHAPEL. 720 Brondway.—Gen. Tom Tuums’s Ex- ‘reuraivuent—Atvernoon and Evening. NATIONAL CONCERT SALOON, National Theatre.— Bones, Daxces, Bua.esques, 40. ATIIEN ZUM, Brooklyn—Woon’s Minsraecs ux Ermioruax Songs, Dancns, &c.—New Yaar Cats. TRIPLE SHEET. — New York, Monday, April 16, 1860. MAILS FOR EUROPE. @he New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunard mail steamship Niagara, Captain Andorson, will leave Bosten on Wednesday for Liverpool. ‘The European mails will close in this city to-morrow af- ternoon, at half-past one o'clock, to go by railroad, and at four o'clock, to go by steamboat. ‘The Evrorzay fpmmon or Tux Heratp will be published ‘fat ten o'clock in the morning. Singie copies, in wrap- pers, six eents. Subsoriptions and advertisements for any edition of the Naw Yorx Henaxp will be received at the following places in Baropo:— Lowvox,,,.Sampson Low, Son & Oo., 47 Ludgate Hill. Lansing, Starr & Co., 74 King William street. Pazm..,,. Lansing, Baldwin & Co., 8 place de lx Bourse, ‘Lansing, Starr & Oo., No. 9 Chapel street. R. Stuart, 10 i Havas. s+ Panning, balawin & +21 rue Corneille. ‘The contents of the Evrorsan Enmmoy or Tm Hera ‘will combine the news received by mail and telegraph at ‘tne office during the previous week and up to the hour of publication. The News. We are enabled to lay before our readers this morning the correspondence between the princi- pals and seconds in the recent Potter and Pryor affair at Washington. It will be seen that Mr, Pryor’s second at once refused to fight on the terms proposed by Col. Lander, and that the latter would agree to no other. The time for the adjournment of the State Legis- latare is not as yet definitely fixed upon. There fare several important measures still undetermined. A final adjournment, however, it is expected, will take place this evening or to-morrow noon. A bill has passed both branches of the State Legislature essentially modifying the death penalty. Executions hereafter are only to be for treason, arson, and murder in the first degree. In cases of death sentences the execution shall not take place until one year after sentence shall have been passed, nor until the issue of the Governor's war- rant. The bill regulating the rates of wharfage on veasels in this city and Brooklyn has been signed by the Governor, and is consequently now a law. The new rates are as follows:—On every vessel of two hundred tons and under, one cent per ton for every twenty-four hours; on all vessels over two hundred tons, one cent per ton for the first two hundred tons, and one quarter of a cent for every ton over that amount. Outside vessels are required to pay half the above rates. The bill contains other provisions which will be found of great utility to the shipping interest. The files of Havana papers received by the Em- pire City contain no news of any local interest; they are for the most part engaged in discussing the affair of the captured steamers, which still con- tinues to be an exciting and all-absorbing topic: The Diario de la Marina of the 7th inst. gives the reasons for abandoning the siege of Vera Cruz in the words of Miramon’s minister, who says it was owing chiefly to the loss of the steam- ers, and then to the want of provisious and am- | munition. The same paper says the last news from its correspondent, as well as the journals | received from Vera Cruz, are silent in regard to the rumored decree against American citizens, which the New Orleans journals attributed to the Miramon government. The correspondence alluded to, which we publish in full in another column, contradicts the statements of the Vera Cruz papers in regard to the advantages gained by the federalists or Juarez party in the interior of the republic. Our correspondent at Mayaguez, P. R., writing on March 31, says:—Business is very active and vessels in request. There is a large quantity of pogar—say 2,000 hogsheads, and 3,500 hogsheads molasses are in store, waiting for vessels to ship to the United States and England. At St. Johns and other ports there are large quantities of sugar and molasses for shipment at paying prices to ship owners. The weather is very favorable, and the grotring cane looks well, with a heavy crop in prospect. Previous to his sermon yesterday morning the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher made a statement in relation to the remarks he had made on the pre- vious Sabbath in reference to the refusal of the trustees of Plymouth church to grant the use of the church to Wendell Phillips to deliver his lec- tare on the “Dissolution of the Union.” The reverend gentleman stated that he had spoken ‘under misconception, and remarked that he desired ‘to “take back” those remarks as far as they re- lated to the trustees. A report of his remarks is given elsewhere in our paper to day. A eries of open air religious exercises, whith are to be continued through the summer months, were commenced yesterday at the corner of Worth street and Cow Bay, by the Rey. Dr. Hoge, of the Brick church. The measure was originated by the Superintendent of the Five Points House of Indus- try, and it is anticipated that much good will result H tian civ’) on given in another place. Pork was dull and prices easier, with sales of new mess at $17 623¢, thin moss at $17, clear at $19 60, and new prime at $14 123; 8 $1425. Su- Gare were steady, with sales of 700.0500 hhds, Coffee ‘was firmly held, but ssies were limited to 275 bags Rio at 18340., amd 60 do Ceylon at 13%c. The cargo of Rio seld yeeterday in Hampton Roads, to be delivered im Balti- more, was, we understand, at 133¢c. Freight engago- ments were moderate and rates steady. The Spirit of the Age—Progress ef the Country—Duties Develvimg om the Daily Press. The unprecedented prosperity of this Western Republic, and the great increase in every branch of commerce, manufacture and trade, have not ailed to exercise & potent and wonderful influence on the newspaper press throughout the wide ex- panse of the American confederation. The intellec- tual growth of the nation has kept such even pace with the increase in its material advance- ment that the literary necessities of the people are among the most important to be supplied. From the throbbing heart of our busy and thickly populated cities, to the distant frontiers of the re” public, there comes—as it were in a single breath—the united cry for more information and extended knowledge. Never before in the history of the human race have the means for supplying and promulgating intelligence been so abundant and so perfect as they are atthisday. But though the lightning traverses the land almost from one extremity to the other, ministering to the wants of modern journalism; and though the steam press, with its rapid evo- lutions, is now made to cast off printed sheets at the rate of twenty thousand an hour, the demands of the public upon the daily journals have increased in a more than corresponding ratio. For several months past we have frequently found it necessary to issue triple sheets of the New York Heraup; and during the last two weeks we were compelled to give them five days in seven. So great has been the pressure upon our columns of advertisements and foreign and domestic intelligence, that we could accommodate the pub- lic inno other way. The Heraup again appears on a triplicated sheet to-day, and in all probability we shall be compelled to issue triple sheets every day this week. It is not improbable, in fact, that our triple sheets will, in a short time, altogether supersede the ordinary double sheet we have heretofore published. The necessity for this enlargement is imperative. In proportion as the prosperity and intelligence of the peo- ple are expanded, the newspaper press must expand with them. The wide and increasing cir- culation of the Heratp has very naturally brought us the lion’s share of the advertisements of com- mercial houses; while all other classes in the com- munity who desire to make their necessities known recognise our paperas the only channel through which they may successfally advertise. But apart from the constantly extending business of advertisers, there are a variety of circumstances which absolutely call for the frequent, and, per- haps, permanent enlargement of our paper. Twen- ty years ago communication with Europe was slow and irregular; now the agency of steam and the great improvements in the science of ocean navigation bring us into weekly and almost daily communication. The submarine telegraphic wires, now connecting nations, and indeed con- tinents, will yet abbreviate this distance, as they have already done, and, annihilating time and space, bring China, Japan and Australia, as well as Europe, to the doors of New York. Steam lines are everywhere being extended, and railway enterprise is being developed with an activity never known before. Already we see the distant slopes of the Pacific and the auriferous regions of California in almost week- ly communion with the cities of the noble Missis- sippi. Energy, skill and determination are labor- ing with universal accord in the cause of human grandeur and civilization; and on each succes- sive triumph which they obtain the pillars of the republic are strengthened, and the brotherhood of man looms up in more glorious cuce. The exclusive nations of the Eastern ore also bending before the spell of Chris- Our pacific diplomacy, more pow- erfa) tha: tie sword, has opened the portals of the Celestial Empire to American commerce and manufactures, and even the jealous Japancse— whore country has been so long locked up from the world—have been so much enlightened and megpii world | instructed by the example which this country has given to nations, that they have broken the enchantment of customs hoary with antiquity, and, to the astonishment of the liberal and absolute governments of the other hemisphere, there is at this moment an embassy of Japanese dignitaries on their way to the capital of the United States. With all these changes in the relations of nations and people, and with the surprising ad yancement which our commercial relations have necessarily obtained, it would be idle to suppose that the New York Hgratp could remain sta tionary. Our business has increased in such an extraordinary degree that the world does not farnish any parallel in the history of the news- paper press. To meet and supply this expansion of our business, we must neces- sarily make new and more extensive arrange- ments. As, in obedience to the impulsive spirit of the age, the standing armies and navies of Europe have been forced to adopt new weapons of war- fare and mutual destruction ; so must we callin the aid of advancing science and mechanical skill to meet the more genial necessities of civilization, intelligence and national aggrandizement. Great improvements in printing must be introduced, and to the inhabitants of that locality. In our paper this morning we give an interesting e new speed must be acquired. We must keep abcad of the progress ef the rge, and epdesyor; ia an far an we can. to he the locomotive and tender to the great ratlway train of the world. Among other imprevements, we must make our. own paper, and that of a better description than is pow ordinarily used. To do this we must have one or more good paper mills, And, in passing, we may say that any persons having mills for sale—first class mills, capable of making from one hundred to one hundred and fifty thousand sheeta of paper of the size of the Hxxatp per day—are requested to send to the proprieter of this journal an ac- count of the capacity of the mills, their terms of sale, and other necessary information. So much for the first improvement, In the next place it will be necessary to stereo- type ourforms. The new system of distribution by carly railroad trains greatly shortens the time hitherto given us for press work, We must dupli- cate our forms and have more presses, There are y modes of stereotyping now in use to effect this, and several have already been offered to us. The London Times has for several years used one mode, which exclusively belongs to that establishment—the invention of an Italian. Now, let us see what an American can do in this respect, a3 we will require the most improved and rapid system that can possibly be invented. With stereotyped forms we shall need four ten cylinder presses, instead of two, which we now have, so as to double our capacity and be able to print forty thousand sheets an hour. With these and other essential improvements, we shall be placed in a position to meet the increased demands, of the public. With the revolution that is going on in, the commercial and financial world—with the developement of our national resources and the wide-spreading extent of our commerce—with our agricultural progress and our mineral wealth of untold millions in gold, silver, coal, lead and copper, in California, Arizona and around Lake Superior—with the fact that the city of New York, from her geographical position, will soon become the financial and commercial centre of the world; and with the improvements in mechanical art and science which are crowding upon us with the rapidity of thought—it becomes @ positive necessity that organs of public opinion— the independent press of the metropolis—should advance with the progress of the day. Such are the duties which devolve upon the American press; and in the accomplishment of this design, we shall endeavor to perform our duty. The New Attitude of the English Mints- try—Louis Napoleom and his Relations to Europe. It is evident to the careful observer that all the Powers of Europe are preparing to meet some great coming event, which those within the circle of dynastic intrigues and State secrets foresee, but which is not yet apparent to the public eye. The secrecy with which diplomacy and State affairs are managed in Europe deprives the great mass of the people of any influence in the control of events that directly affect their present and future interests, except when some great uprising of the masses takes place, as in 1793, in 1830 and in 1848. At these times the representatives of the remnants of feudalism flee in terror, and public administration is for a time conducted with a publicity that enables the banded, dynastic and aristocratic classes to plot with advantage, and generally with par- tial success, though they have nevet succeeded in recovering entirely what the popular upris- ings have deprived them of. But in the normal times -of their rule, public affairs are conducted as secretly as possible, and it is only by ‘their acts that their hopes and fears can be partially deduced. These feelings have been very active in Europe since the subsidence of the commer- cial panic of 1857, which for a time subdued all other considerations. They reached a climax when, on New Year’s Day of 1859, Louis Napo- leon saluted the Austrian Ambassador with words of anger. Then the world knew that war between Austria and France was.a thing resolved on. The class interests strove to parry the bolt, and failed. During the rapid progress of Louis Napoleon in the Italian campaign, they hopefully labored for a general war against him, when the peace of Villafranca startled the world with the exhibition of his fears. The next event, which has opened a view of the same feeling to the world, was his sudden commercial treaty with Eogland, and abandonment of the old fiscal policy of France— 8 step evidently intended to create a closer union between the Napoleonic dynasty and the middle classes, who live by industry and trade, in view of coming danger. Closely following this step came the news of Austria pouring cannon and materials of war into the fortresses of the historic quadrangle, the recruiting and arming of the legions of the Pope, the jealousy of Prussia stimulating the protest of Switzerland, the excommunion of Victor Emanuel, the abnegatory and cautious pursuit by Louis Napoleon of his policy in Savoy and Nice, and lastly, the recent speech of Lord John Russell in the British Parliament, evidently indicating the rising up, even in England, of new fears of the French Emperor. Thus we perceive the general prevalence among European dynasties and diplomatists of asense of coming danger. Aglance at the po- sition of affairs there will show that there is reason for this. The course of events has led the people of Europe to the conviction that in their struggle with the feudal aristocracy they need the as- sistance of a powerful and skilful leader to help them to complete their victory. This is the position occupied by Louis Napoleon. He is the executory legatee of the revolution. Modern absolutism is only the transition from aristocracy to democracy. The autocrat Louis Napoleon is the intimate ally of the people; and though his personal object may be merely to eeize on the government for himself and his family, his vocation is to raise the class of the commons, and to maintain the whole State against the active power of the nobles and the hierarchy. It is in this vocation that his labors awaken the fears of the dynasties and the aristocracy of Europe. It will be difficult, however, to find ip this great fact a logical reason for the evident suspicions of Lord John Russell, although it satisfactorily accounts for the hatred of the British tories. The reasons for the suspicions of the English liberals must be sought elsewhere, and we think they will be found in the short chain of recent events, The erection of Sardinia inte a powerful kingdom, asthe ally and under the influence of France, had many ex- cuses, al! revolving around the ides of Italian liberty, and the English liberals were content to overlook its possible connection with other and purely French schemes. But the annexa- tion of Savoy and Nice has no such excuses, and the natural result is to awaken suspicions of the existence with Louis Napoleon of de- signs of national aggrandisement for France, or of the pursuit of apolicy of universal empire for his family by the creation of minor and de- peadent kingdoms, allied te his dynasty by marriage, or other eontrolling influences. It is these events that are to-day awakening the mutual fears of all Europe, impelling Ans- tria and the Pope to arm, Prussia to exhibit a lively sensitiveness, Lord John Russell to give expression to his suspicions of Louis Napoleon, and forcing the latter back into the true path of historic developement, in a closer al- liance with the commercial and industrial classes. His practical suppression of the na- tional liberty of Sardinia, and his practice of the policy of dismembering nations—both of which are put in evidence in the proceedings in regard to Savoy and Nice—have awakened the fears of the people and given life to the hopes of the feudal aristocracy of Europe. If Louis Napoleon endeavors, as did his uncle, to divert the course of political developement, and merely to found a dynasty, or perhaps create a universal empire, the irresistible ten- dencies of the age will overwhelm and crush him, as they did the First Napoleon. Even to- day the common sense of men is restive under he idea that peace or war--the weal or wo of Christendom, with its three hundred millions of souls—hangs upon a breath from his lips; and from the moment that the conviction be- gina to prevail that he is false to his trust as executory legatee of the Revolution, and thathe has abandoned the path of political develope- ment, there will be initiated a conflict of na- tions in Europe that will be far more bloody and terrible than the struggle with the ambi- tion of the First Napoleon. It may be that we are already on the eve of that conflict. The Levejoy Speech. We have printed, in our impression of to- day, a full report ef the harangue delivered in the House on last Thursday week by Lovejoy, of Illinois, one of the recognized leaders of the republican party, and considered as one of the most prominent men on that side in Congress. The speech, which ehould be carefully studied by every citizen who wishes to make himself acquainted with the doctrines of the republi- can party, plainly and clearly stated—without the sophistical turnings and twistings of Sher- man, or the subtle involvements of Seward— gave rise to avery acrimonious debate; and at one time during its delivery, the House was on the brink of a terrible row, which could have ended only by an appeal to arms, which are so loosely worn by members that occa- sionally a revolver falls upon the floor of the House. During the ten days that have elapsed since the debate, the attention of the country has been drawn to a very ludicrous passage at arms between two members who participated in the disturbance; but as the bully from Vir- ginia found more than his match in the san- guinary member from Wisconsin, and as the for- mer hag had his feathers handsomely clipped, the public will now be ina mood to consider the main question from which the whole diffi culty has sprung, and that is contained in the Lovejoy speech, which is important as an em- bodiment of the creed of the important party to which the orator belongs. Mr. Lovejoy places the republicans exactly where they belong, and exactly where the Gar- risonians were ten years ago. He opens with a denunciation of slavery, compared to which the outpourings of Wendell Phillips are mild. There is no term of reproach, no expression of obloquy, which the speaker finds too strong for the slaveholder—he is a robber, a pirate, a ra- visher, a fiend incarnate, a devil in hell, a cri- minal who is to be dealt with according to the Mosaic law. If the slaveholder could carry out his theories, he would (according to Lovejoy) convert the Supreme Being “into an infinite Juggernaut, rolling the huge wheels of his omnipotence ankle deep amid the crushed and mangled and bleeding bodies of human be- ings.” They Christianize Africans through the whip, the stake and the torture, and deserve no better fate themselves than that which they deal out to their slaves. After paying these compliments to the South, Mr. Lovejoy proceed- ed to endorse the Helper Book. He was in favor of its theory to organize a party in the slave States to over- throw slavery. He believes in the abolition of the peculiar institution, by any means, fair or foul. He believes in nigger stealing in all its branches. His theory is war—eternal war— upon slavery, wherever it exists. Now, we all know what this theory means : ifit is carried out, it means insurrection, revo- lution, civil war. It means that the prosperity, the progress and the material interests of the white man, North and South, are to besacri- ficed in making an experiment, more or less hazardous, for the ostensible purpose of ame- liorating the condition of the black man held to service in the South. That is the doctrine expreesed in the Helper Book, endorsed by John Sherman and sixty other republican mem- bers of Congress; that is the religion of Wendell Phillips; that is the political creed of William H. Seward, Abraham Lincoln, Cassius M. Clay, Frank P. Blair, and other leaders of the republican party. The principles evolved by these republican high priests are the same as those put forward by Lovejoy. The latter may bé a little more vehement in his language, and highly colored in his style; but the theories upon which his” speech is founded are unquestionably those upon which the republican party must go to the country next November.. Seward, -Lovejoy and Helper have furnished the shibboleth for the party, and that is the abolition of slavery by poor whites of the South. Gerrit Smith follows with his negro insurrections. More John Browns spring up on the border, and the land is deluged in blood. These are the irresistible logical deduc- tions from the views advanced by the republican orators, of whom Lovejoy is the type. That his speech represents the principles of his party therecan be no doubt. The Tribune has fully endorsed it, and it is sug- gested in that journal that two millions ‘of copies of it should be printed for free citoula- tion during the campaign. Our comment upon this speech is very brief. We spread it before the people, We show them that {t is the accepted black repubfieae creéd.' We warn them that unless such bloody |. and revolutionary sentiments are properly re- biked at the polis, the republic is not worth the paper upon which the constitution and laws are writtex. ‘Dhat’s all. Arrival of the Japamese Embassy. About a week ago we published an account of the arrival of the Japanese steam corvette Candinmarruh at San Francisco—an avant courrier announcing the advent of the embassy from the empire of Japan to Washington. Yes- terday we published the interesting intelli- gence of the arrival, on the 27th of March, of the embassy iteelf, in the United States steam frigate Powhatan, at the city of the “Golden Gate.” The date of the news—the first brought by the Pony Express—is the 3d of April, and it was only ten days in reaching St. Joseph, Mo. The embassy and suite had been entertained magnificently at Honolulu by the King and Queen of the Sandwich Islands, owing, no | doubt, to the influence of the American officers, who reciprocated the compliment by giving a ball on board the Powhatan. At San Francis- co the reception was grand, $20,000 having been appropriated for the purpose from the city treasury. The Corporation, the members of the Legislature, the Governor, and citizens generally, paid their respects in person, and re- ceived the guests publicly on the 2d inst., atthe largest hall in the city; and while the express was leaving on the 3d, there was a splendid procession through thestreets, in honor of these strangers from the other side of the Pacific. As may be easily conceived, the Ja- panese, who were never before out of their own country, were delighted beyond measure with the attentions and honors they received. Indeed, everything they see and hear must astonish them. They are in an entirely new world, and must carry back to Japan an extraordinary account of their visit. Could a reporter who understood their language be present at their conversations after the various receptions given them, and the different objects of interest which they have met, whata curious picture his report would present to the readers of the Heratp! ; The Powhatan was to have sailed for Pa- nama with the Japanese on the 5th inst., and the Roanoke was to have been in waiting at this side of the Isthmus to receive the embasey, after crossing by, railroad to Aspinwall, in order to convey it direct to Washington. So pleased were the Japanese officials with their treatment on board the Powhatan that they expressed a desire to have that ship wait for them at Panama to take them back to their native islands. They intend to stay a month on the Atlantic side of the republic, and will, of course, visit New York. Their visit will probably be extended much longer, when they find us so civil to them. Had they arrived a little sooner they might have been taken to the Charleston Convention; but if they are too late for that, they will be in good time for the Baltimore and Chicago Conventions, where they will see how American kings are made, in a manner 80 different from their own. The Emperors of the Japanese—for they have two at the same time—are hereditary; one aspiritual ruler, residing at Nigko, and the other a temporal sovereign, reigning at Jeddo, The original Emperor was the spiritual, believ- ed to be descended from the gods—a sort of Pope, combining all spiritual and temporal power in his own person. But a mili lead- er arose, who, like Victor Emanuel in "Italy, took in hand the temporal power, and is known as the Siogun. Ever since, the Micado or spir- itual, Emperor is only sovereign de jure, while the temporal ruler is sovereign de facto, and only consults the Micado regarding relations with foreign Powers. The dif- ficulty of the position, both of the Emperor de facto and his administration, with respect to American intercourse, and the send- ing of an embassy to the United States, contra- ry to their ancient laws and usages, may be estimated from the fact that when the adminis- tration proposes any important measure, and the Emperor vetoes it, the matter is referred to three princes of the blood, his nearest kinsmen. If they agree with the Emperor, the’ members of the administration are compelled to die by ripping up their own bowels ; but if they do not agree withthe Emperor, then he is com- pelled to abdicate the throne in favor of his next heir, fora Japanese Emperor never re- tracts his opinion. The triumph of American diplomacy in Ja- pan, therefore, muat be regarded as one of the greatest on record. The English would have been delighted if they could have induced the Japanese, government to send an em- bassy to London. The powerful Russian go- vernment, though bordering the empire of Japan, could never succeed in obtaining com” mercial intercourse with it; and with the excep- tion of the Chinese, whom the Japanese despise, and the Dutch, of whom they have no very ex- alted opinion, they do not trade with any other nation. The coming of the Japanese embassy to exchange a treaty of commerce is a great event in modern history—a new era opened by American enterprise. There is no denying the fact that in the East, including both China and Japan, the American government has got the inside track of all other Powers. The Japa- nese trade is a prize to the United States eagerly coveted by other nations—a prize whore importance can hardly be overrated, when viewed in connection with our acquisi- tion of California, directly opposite the islands of Japan, the railroad across the Isthmus of Panama, and the rapid communication now es- tablished between the Pacific and Atlantic sea- boards.- Then Japan is the stepping stone to all Asia. On one side San Francisco will be the entrepot of the new commerce, and on the other New York, connecting the distant East with the nations of Europe. The superior intelligence and courage of the Japanese, being, with few exceptions, the bravest of Asiatic nations; their population, which is about forty millions; their insular posi- tion and the difficult navigation of their seas; the extent of their fslands,'measuring more than double those of Great Britain and Ireland, all combine to make them the British empire of the East; and the day is not far distant when, by their knowledge of arts and arms, acquired by their communication with the United States, they will vindicate that relative position to the tinent of Asia, and become its great mari- time Power. They will adopt and extend our civilization, and all European nations will derive extensive benefit from this revolution. So much will the world become indebted to the energy of the greatest republic of gricient or modern times. The Bewie Knife Contreversy—Pryve Vorsus Potter. As might naturally be expected, the mewa-, Pepers generally allude to the ridiculous and cowardly way in which Pryor sneaked oyt of his diffculty with Potter in suel terms as the conduct of the Virginian Bobadii deserves. Qne or two of the lesser democratic organs, however, attempt to manufacture some weak apologies for him, but they only make the mat- ter worre. i One of these journals has an article—of the incomprehensible schou}—ia which we fiad the wonderful statement thas “the principal reasoa why Potter wants to kill Pryor, or Pryor Pot- ter, is that one has been elected by black re: publicans and the other not,’ and that the black republicans are responsible for the fact that Pryor bebaves like @ blackguerd. Fur- ther on, that Mr. Potter’s proposition to fight with knives was atrocious and savage; and “shows that he has no taste.” Potter, “instead of taking a quiet, gentlemanly pop with a pistol, insists on murderous and unusual weapons,” and he therefore brings ‘the duello into bad repute.” Now, the fact about the matter is that Pryor bullied Potter on the floor of the House, expect- ing that he would recede from a position pre- viously taken; that Potter did not recede; that Pryor sent him a peremptory chaNenge; that” Potter accepted it, and chose a weapon very common in Pryor’s section of the country; that Pryor backed out and showed a feather whiter than snow, and larger than any over known in any ornithological museum eince the deluge. The objection to the chosen weapon made by Pryor’s side is untenable for various reasons. Pryor, having peremptorily challenged Potter, laid himself open to any terms he might dic-, tate. Under the old code—the gentieman’s code, we mean—the challenged party had always the right to magnify the danger of the encounter, and the. challenger waa bound to accept the terms dictated by his adversary, or bear -the reproach of cowardice. The code presumes that when a man calls bis enemy out he means mischief; that he is prepared to meet the challenged party with any weapons used in ancient or modern warfare. The first weapon of attack and defence we have any account of ts the human fist, and that still shares with the knife and pistol the affections of the governing classes in this country. Then came the Roman sword; afterwards the long broadsword of the Crusaders; and, as the world became more elegant and effeminate, the rapier, which came in under Henri Quatre, and is to this day the rgcognized duelling weapon in France. The rapier is a sort of Elzivir edition of the Roman sword, and the bowie knife is not unlike the weapon used by the armies of Cesar and Marc Antony. The Roman sword was twenty inches long, the broadsword sometimes thirty-two to thirty-six, and Colonel Bowie made his elegant article between a hunting knife and a sword, with’ a wide blade ten inches in length. Colenel Lander, it appears, had an af- fection for five pound bowies, the blades of which might be fourteen or sixteen inches in length. So the bowie knife is not a vulgar in- strument. On the cnptrary, it is classic. The only objection to iti that it is very much pa- tronized by border ruffians and members of Congress. In this country, at any rate, there is no rea- son*why the invention of Colonel Bowie should be ruled out of the list of duelling weapons, because there is no fixed weapon used excle- sively in such encounters. The Colonel him- self fought a duel stipulating for the use of his own knife. Some years ago two persons whe held a much higher position in Virginian soci- etf than Mr. Pryor can ever hope for, namely, Mesars. Ritchie and Pleasants, fought with bowie knives, and no one said it was vulgar. In Mississippi, Louisiana, California, and other "States where the code is recognized, such ea- counters are common. This view of the matter must be taken by the South. The South sustained Mr. Breckinridge when he accepted the challenge of Mr. Cutting and chose rifles. Mr. Cutting declared that the rifle was nota gentleman’s weapon, and that he never discharged one in his life. Breckin- ridge adhered, however, and there was no fight. The South is, of course, as much opposed as the North to the way in which some members, like Ashmore and Pryor, talk fight, and ther manage to wriggle out when there is any danger to their precious skins, Thus in Pryor’s case every chance was given to the challenger. Lander, upon the principle held in the Graves and Cilley affair—(Graves was the second of Webb when Cilley refused to fight)—was quite ready to meet Pryor, or his second, with any weapons they might select; but they had been quitenear enough to a fight with a plucky man, and Pryor slunk out of the affair in the most pitiable way. There is nothing in this world so mean, 80 contemptible, and at the same time so much an object of compassion, as a crest-fallen, detected, exposed, snubbed bully. No hole ought to be too small for such a fellow as Pryor to crawl into, and hide his head from the sight of all decent men. His apologists might as well go along with him. ExrraorpinaRy DIscovERIES BY THE CovopE Ixvesticatine ComtTer.—We directed atten- tion a week ago to the ridiculous and absurd questions of the Forney-Haskin-Covode com” mittees, which were gotten up to manufacture a little political capital for the black republi- cans and to divert attention from the stigma placed on the party by the John Brown raid and the Helper book. Both committees are working to discover some corruption in the federal government, executive branch, and summoned as witnesses a number of public employés, and persons who have held office under the administration. The duties of the Covode committee are confined to the investi- gation of the facts as to the use of money in elections ; the other committee is at work upon the alleged frands and rascalities inthe depart- menta, in which they seek to implicate the Pre- sident and the Cabinet. This latter committee has found out very little, considering the unlimited power which it claims and immense fuss which it has made. Mr. Covode’s party is in a still worse plight. They have ascertained that money was used im the Pennsylvania election; that it was raised in New York, and paid out under the orders of the Chevalier Forney, who is now the right hand man end cashier of the repub- licans. Forney is another St. Matthew, sitting at the receipt of political customs, and making, 20 doubt, # very geod thing out of it. According to one witnos:—Plitt, of Philadelphia ggForney \