The New York Herald Newspaper, March 27, 1860, Page 2

2 THE CONDITION OF EUROPE, Our London, Paris and Berlin Correspondence. THE DIFFICULTIQ’ ON THE CONTI &e., &o. ke, ‘The Cunard steamship Canals, which left Liverpoo! on the 1) Lb inat., touching at Queenstown on the following @ay, arrived in Boston carly on Sunday morning. Her wails reached this city early yesterday morning, but the mews bas for the most part been anticipated by the arrival of the Eina, which left England the same day, Hungary seems to be in a very precarious state. Wo translate the following from the Opinione Nationale of March 10:— A letter from Pesth informs us that the Austrian goy- erament has just ordered the fiscal agenw to imme- diately collect by all possible means sux taxes wn advance. The reguiar taxes have doubled euring we last ten years; they have also doubled during the last war, and haye become so heavy Yat many tax payers Lave preferred to abandon their property rather than pay any longer taxee which exceed the income. Notwithstanding the forced recoveries of the fisc, the levies, the sales at auction, &c., the treasury last year has only been able to close its accounts with an arrer of twenty per cent. The misery has become 80 Inghtful in several parte of Hungary thai the government as been forced to establish Commissioners of Want, and nm many places the unfortunate peasantry were obliged to cevour the grain put aside for sowing. In view of such facts w it not a provocation to open insurrection? @ur London Correspondence, Loxpos, March 9, 1860. English View of Lowis Napoleon's Annexation Project— Garitaldi’s Services in the Ascendant—Protest of the British Government Against the Annezation of Nice and Savoy to Prance—An Talian Gentleman's Opinion of Ralian Affairs—A Favoratle Bye on American Pili. busters—The Halians Ripe for a Big War—Mr. Glad- stone's Budget—Tne Money Market—Rumored Establish- ment of @ French-American Newspaper in Paris—Mr. Lnver's Project of a Mail Service via Panama to Aus- tralia—Reopening of her Mojesty’s Theatre—Theatricals— Literary Matters, de. The panorama of Italian politics has given us a new weene. Louis Napoleon's last move is a bad one. He wants to restore the autonomy of Tuscany, give the Pope the power of a vicariate in the Legations, crib Savoy and Nice, disappoint large sections of the Italian people im their aspirations afier liberty, deprive Victor Emanuel of some of the fairest jewels in his expectant crown, and prevent his Majesty from receiving the proud title of ‘King of Italy.” The Emperor of France has taken that course that is popularly termed “ghilly-shallying.” He says Tuscany must not have, even if it be her choice, Victor Emanuel for ruler; they can clect their chief magistrate, but their eboice is restricted to two, and these, by the way, they ‘will not have. If the King of Sardinia will not be content whh Parma and Modena, with a vicarious or precarious bold on the Romagna, then Louis Napoleon will take away al bis tréope from Italy, and let Austria avd al) the brag ef evil omen drop down on Piedmont like buzzards on @ @ead elephant. King Victor has replied through Count Cavour that the hing can’t be done. Cavour says the King, his royal master, is not disposed to disappoint the Italians, and that be cannot prevent their aspirations if he were @eposed to. He says the people have had thelr ex- pectations encouraged too much, andthe matter had gone altogether too far for them to recede. Uniess the Empe- ‘ror takes the back track, of course there will be war. His manifesto is neither satisfactory to the King of Sardinia, to Austria, the Pope, nor the Italian people. No one is satis- fied. It is like two men quarreling about an oyster, and ‘the umpire steps in, and ecooping out the bivalve, swal- fows it, and then very complaisantly bands balf a shell to each of the contending parties. Garibaldi’s time is now come, the King of Naples will bly “pitch in,” the Anstrians will again have a Este army on the Po, and chaos wi)! come again. There ‘will be another chance for Mr. Jeflerson Brick to get en- in that dreadful Quadrilateral. r Britannic Majesty's government has entered @ solemn protest against the annexation of Nice and Savoy; Dut there that mater will end. Iwas apeahiey with an Italian gentleman about the State of ailairs in Italy, and saying I wished Great in would take a direct stand and protect Italy and the Thalians against all enemies, and let them have the government of their choice.’ No,”’ said he, “ we can- Rot expect that; but we hope the Americans will be with us. Nationally, of course, it cannot be; but there are at Beast 600,000 libustering chaps in America who would Mxe to be in some scrimmage, and they cen never have & Detter chance. Under leaders like Garibaldi, Kossuth and Henningsen, with Neapo and Avstrians for foos, and the fair fields of Italy for a campaign ground, they had better report themselves at Genoa as soon as possible. Austria has no doubt got cocsiderable fight in her yet, Dot the Italians are rife for a big war, and the followers pl Hannibal and Julius Cesar must show the ancient it again. Pr Eladetone’s budget and the treaty have gone rough at a round gailop, the majority growing larger and larger, ll last night ‘there was a mivority of less than a bundred—scarce a corporal’s guard. Count Ca ‘vour’s despatch receives unqualiied approbation here. ‘The Economist says it is the most important and able State paper of the season. ‘The money market is getting rather tight again. The mail is just in from Australia, but the news presents no features of particular interest. The previous accounts of the decrease of gold is confirmed. The figures in round mambers for the last three years—the entire amount ebipp:c—are, ively, eleven, ten and nine millions. ‘An increase is anticipated during this year. One who claims to know, tells me the rumor that “Young America” is going to etart e paper in Paris for the Emperor is not correct. Iam inclined to think it is true, notwithstanding. Mr. Lever is etill engaged in bringing bis project of « verviee via Panama to Australia before the govera- , and with prospects of success. — If it is accoiplis’- ‘od it will be of great interest to the commerce of the threo ountries, Australia, Great Rritain and the United States, ‘The Anglo-Luso-Brazilian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Oompany got out their prospectuses this week, with a call fora F capital than they at first intended, £400,000 im all. ir steamers from Milford Haven to Lisbon, and Brazil, are running with great success. ‘The Packet Contract Committee have resumed their sit- ‘tings, and the Galway Contract is now on-the tapis. The , 8 well as lord Palmerston’s wern- ment arc favorable tothe contract; there is no further mo- tive for throwing obloquy on Lord’ Derby’s government, and a)) will now go smoothly. ‘The indefatigable E. T. Smith has taken her Majesty’a ‘theatre, and opens the middle of April. ‘The most interesting event of the week in thoatrical or TMterary matters has been an amateur performance by members of the ‘Savage Ciub.”’ Do not think unfavora bly of them from their name, for I assure you they are highly civilized gentlemen. They wished to give &bonetit to the widows and families of two'deceased members, aad they got up a bumper, and gave two evenings atthe Ly- eum theatre. They borrowed three or four ladies to take the female characters, ani all the rest were amateurs, principaily literary men. There were four Broughs—Bole, Bill, Jack and Lionel—and Portch, Frank anc Tom Talfourd, H. J. Broo, Albert Smith, Dr. Strauss, Leicester Buckingham, Holliagshead, two Vizetel- lys, T. D. Croker, and other. brothers of the quill. Tacy played the School for Scandal, and a new version of the '* Forty Thieves" —seven literary | reper! taking each @ , re writing, and then acting it. You may as well be- Five it was an irresistible scene of funny buffoonery aod wit, between “ Ali Babs,” ““ Cogia,”” and “ Morgiana’’— f hes by, BH. J. Byron, Frank Telfourd and Robert b. Pianche contributed a prologue to the ‘Forty Thieves,”” ‘which was given in a piquant manner by Mr. Leicester Buckingham. But some of his poems are perfectly aw- Tt is notevery fool that would see the ‘‘unmention- ables”’ meaning in the line—“By you, we trow, sirs."’ Of coarse, all the ladies will come with a (#) hoop. ‘How Jong will it be before you in New York will get up @uch a crowd of litterateurs as wo be able to give a £590 Benefit two nights, to widows and children of men of Jot- tors? I rather mistrust your “ scribbling crew” in New York are so divided and set against one another in politics, that it would be difficult for them to fraternise long enough do ge through with « play. Literary affairs here ave flourishing. Bob Brough has just published s novel—‘‘ Miles Cassidy’s Contract,” and ‘by the review and extracts given from it in the Onitic and ether jourpals, t must be a capital story. Brough’s humor, aa shown in the Life of Falstatf, is certainly nearly up to Irving's. Thackeray's Cornii Magazine goes ahead {n circula- thon, but J believe it does not come up to expectation. fis story of ‘* Lovell, the Widower,” is very unequal acd, 80 far, a rambling unsatisfactory tale. Trolleppe’s novel— “ Then it dullness iteelf. It is now ro wored ‘eray is yoing to resume the History of ‘Bogiand Macaulay left it of, Our Paris Correspondence, Panis, March 8, 1860, ‘Ihe Present European Imbrogtio— What Will be the Solu- tion? —he Political Posttions of France, Sardinia, Aus- tria, Russia and Turkey—Probable Policy of Pope Pius LY. —Annexation of Nice and Savoy to Franze—Cnnexs- sary Fears of British Members of Parliament—The People of Savoy Desire Annenation of the Country to France—A War in Emiryo Between Sardinia and Austria— Warlike Preparations in Venice—Menacing Articies in Austrian Newepapers—Rumored Alliance Between Austria and Bussio— What Will Become of Poor Turkey?—The Finan- cial Collections for the Pope a Failure—Austria Furnish- ing Troops for tte Papal Army—The Chinese War—Baron Gres Appointed a Plenipotentiary to that Country—Bri- tish Troops en route from Bombay to China—Enteriain- sment to the American Minister, @c. Its a bard matter to pronounce as to what will be the polation of the present political imdroglio. England is stirred and agitated by the unreazonadle discussions of some three or four ill advised members of Parliament. Sardinia js uncertain as to the future. Cavour, anxious for NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, MARCH 27, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. the nggrandisement of the kingdom he hopes to rule over | a8 Prime Minister, intrigues for the annexation of the Duchies, He is not willing that Tuscany should remain @ separate Power; while France, unwilling that too formid- able kingdom should be raised so near her frontiers, advises that Tuscany should remain out of the dominion | that Victor Emanuel will reign over. Thus France op- Poves at the present moment Sardinia. Austria has succeeded in drawing nearer to Russia; hence the increased severity of her rule in Venetia, a8 well as the increased pertinacity of her remonstrances against the onward movement of Italian nationality, Ruesia is turning once more a longing eye towards Turkey, and the Sick Man (the Sultan) quakes in his bag- Sy trowsers as the truth forces itself upon him. He must understand that when next the Cossack swarms invade the infidel plains, France and England may be inclined to look twice ere they Jose blood and treasure to keep his crown upon bis head. ‘The Pope has ‘aid aside all semblance of quiet, and in- Btead of the meek follower-of the Lamb, we eee a raging, The Minister of Savoy arrives then at Plombiéres, and | upon the scene, followed by his partisaus. Piorre gives ! he says to Napoleon IIL: ‘Sire, will you assist me to expel the Austrians from Italy’ Fortune bas smiled upow you in many things, but you stil] need military glory. You have vanquished the Ruesiang at Sebaetopo!. Drive the Austrians beyond the Alps, thereby placing yourself at the head of a powerful | army. Free Italy. Everybody will appland you, even your enemies; and the French nation, seeing you Dusy in working out the Wherty of a great people, will forget to ask freedom from you for themselves.” “True,” says Napoleon IIT., ‘my subjes's are infinitely more desirous of military glory than civil liberty. They prefer a flag taken from an enemy on the field of battle to the most liberal institutions in the world. The project is sufficiently tempting. But if Idrive Austria and her archdukes from Italy, what, then, will you give me in ex- exchange?” “Tn the first place,’ answers the Count Cavour, ‘the Princess Clotilde for your cousin, the Prince Napoleon; then Savoy and Nice.’’ srevengeful potentate, enlisting troops, buying muskets and cannons, and ebarpening the sword for » speedy con- flict, The rebellious Romagnas feel that Pius 1X. is de- termined to attack them ere long, and determined to keep the freedom they, ag it were, gnatched from Rome. They ure also preparing with might and main for the impending | struggle. e young King of Naples has promised to aid | the Pope, and he holds himsel? in readiness to carry out this promise. Aurtria isto belp him, and he feels safer bow rom the retaliation that he before dreaded on the part of France. ‘ill Spain is occupied with her Moorish campaign, but st Queen Isabella will aid the Pope. 5 ‘This is a gloomy state of affairs, and one that agitates and troubles all Europe. Were England true to France, the two Powers copld soon calm the agitation, and settle matters so tbat peace aud prosperity would ensue. But Engiand has ever been treacherous to France, and it seems as though she would continue soto be. The Em- peror Napoleon braved the anger of an influential aud powerful party of his subjects, that he might give an overwhe\ming proof of bis devotion to the aliiance; but this does not convince the prejudiced portion of Queen Victoria’s subjects that Nepolcon IIL. really desires peace. They see in all covcessions a hidden matice; and, instigat- ed by those members of Parliament to stupid, too preju- diced, or too selfieh,to meet France hale way, they evince every desire to quarre) with their ally. ‘The Emperor wishes to annex Nice and Savoy, because the people demand the annexation, and because he wish- es to close bis frontiers against any future enmity of the powerful kingdom that is being formed at his doors, aided a8 it has been by hie treasure, and the blood of hissubjects. ‘This parrow etrip of Jand is naturally French, but English members of Parliament cry out against the anuexation. ‘They ask the Queen to concert witn the other Powers to Prevent it, and show a foolish and insane fear of their ally. They prophecy that once Savoy and Nice annexed the plains of the Rhine must be taken in by France. And all this is in @ Manner calculated to insult and discourage any other man than Louis Napoleon. The consequences of ali this doubt, uncertainty and double dealing wilt be to bring about a war that will sadly arrest the progress of European civilization, unless come epeedy and reasonable olution ig arrived at. {t is vexing to see members of the British Parliament wasting their time in fruitiess discus- s1008 as to the annexation of Savoy. All Europeans that have paid any attention to the matter, know that Savoy can but gain by the annexation. The laboring classes of that province are and bave been for years in the habit of resorting to French towns for employment. Besides, why should England, with the precedent of her seizure of Malta, object to France taking Savoy? Tne English wrested Malta from the first Napoleon; but instead of returning it to 18 original) owners, the Koights of Malta, they kept the island. Just so did they at the Cape of Good Hope; and, in fact, so have they ever done, When one reflects upon England's wholesale piracy of India, her objections to the apnexation of Savoy, at the ar- dently expressed desire of the people, becomes a matter for the reproof of the worid. ‘The tollowing telegraphic despatch, published in the English journals, will give your readers come idea of how the people regard the annexation: — “Nice, March 5, 1360, “On the occasion of the anniversary of the promulgation of the Sardinian constitution, manifestations were made by the Piedmontese party in the Italian theacre. Very few pereops were present, and those in the boxes r: mained silent. A demonstration also took place ia the | French theatre, where the popujation of Nice demanded | the “Ode Napoléopienne,” and tbe “Reine Hortense,” | which were performed amidet enthusiastic applause and | shouts of *: Viva Im e!) Viva Annezstone!”” The | situation of the country is very critical.”’ | A tew wecks ago I was in Savoy and took pains toas- | certain the rea) sentiments of the people, aad founa | everywhere a desire for annexation to Franoe. Your readers wiil understand that at present all interest | ceptres in Italy, and that upon the settlement of the | Italian question depende the peace of Farope. Austria is | making mighty efforts to prepare Venetia for the struggie | thet the Italians look upon as imminent. Should the an- bexation of the duchiesto Sardinia take place, there will be war beyond a doubt. For some time past immense quantities of war material { have been landed at Venice. They are at onceforwarded to | Paduaand Verona. Rifled cannons of enormous calibre are replacing the former siege pieces of the Austrian fortresses, | While immense stores of munitions of war are laid up in | be same fortresses. It is evident that all these prepara- ‘ions are for some object, and I can assure you that they | date back to the timo when Austria began to hope that @ | Teaty with Russia was ible. Since that time she has | evidently feit surer of her hold of Venetia, and has per- haps a notion of regaining the fertile plains of Lombardy. | Peschiera, that so completely commande these same plains, | bas received an additional armament of one buacret | heavy rifled cannons Austria has almost ficished the { samons fortified line which is to cover the Quadrilateral | from Peschiera to Trent in the Tyrol. Tnis has cost not lees than five millione of dollars. Where does bankrupt Austria get the money? This is a hard question to answer. Hes Engiand anything to do with it? ‘The Austrian police journal published in Venice has the following remarkable beading to oue of its columae:— | “Men are marching every day to war—e grest and su- reme war—of which Austria conceives the most glorious | Popes. Surely this issignificantenough. Bear in mind that | this great and warlike activity dtes from the time that politicians began to observe the frequent voyages that Were wade between St. Petersburg and Vienna by the | Prince of Hesse. All these things taken into consideration, may we not fear that should a war in [taly break out, Rus. Pin will seize the occasion to attack Turkey? The rumored | lance between her and Austria is becoming each day | Tore and more apparent, and it is to understand | that it could only bave been brought about by ulterior | views on Turkey. Ruri wishes revenge for Sebastopol. | In France, those collecting for the Pope have signaliy | failed—not that the people are less generous than other | nations; far from Ae? are ever ready to aid distress; | but they are not very re and the Pops has some: | what injured himeelf in the esumation of the French by | his too apparent ambition. So the collectors have not | been very fortunate here. Weare told they were more ; so in Ireland; but as faras Ican bear from reliable sources, | this is incorrect. The Pope wiil have to give up taking in small amounts and depend upon his allies—the Emperor of Austria, the King of Naples, and the Queen of Spain—for cash to pay off his numerous hire- | ling soldiery. He pays @ greater sold: thao any over sovereign, and #o he finds quite a number of men to en- Met, Austria had allowed recruiting to go on for his Ho- ness in her dominions, but owing to the cuerg*tic re- | presentations of France she has forbidden this, aad ?ras { | IX. ts told to look eleewhere for troops. Still, while for- | bidding the recruiting, Austria eends troops to the Pope | almost openly. There is scarccly a day that handreds of them do oot arrive in Rome—eome of them stilt wearing Austrian uniforms. Decidedly, the Romagna; must pre- pare for a struggle. A peaceful solution of the China ¢ifficu Row seems probable, or at least hoped for, You are 10 doubt aware that the English government has decided upon senting Lord Eigin on a mission to China. The Froach govera- ment bas adopted the resolution of conflaing a sinilar mission to Baron Gros, who wiil leave with the English Plenipotentiary, for Hong Kong, by the packet boat of the 11tb of this month. ron Grog will receive the ne- cersary powers for concluding a treaty with the Emperor of Annam, who has made propositions of peace that. will put an end to the hostilities with Cochin China, and ineure the rights of France in that country. Itis already known that Spain has sent a plenipotentiary to Touraneé with tie same object. Still oo are being sent to Chipa by both France aad Eng- D hes received from India go to show that trooos have embarked from Bombay for China. The Thirty-tirst Tegiment of foot were to leave Bombay about the midjlo of iast month, as were also the Third regiment of native infantry. Early ta the spring the French troops will have arrived at the seat of war. Colonel Faulkner, the American Miniater, was enter- tained at dinner a day or two ago by Mr. Spencer, our Consul. Over thirty persons were invited to meet the Minister The ladies were en grande tvilette, and the whole affair wae most brilliant. Paris ts very gay, although we are in Lent. Balls bava been given up for the moment, but concerts, private | theatricals apd dinners are numerous and well attended. As a general thing these affairs end by a little impromptu | dancing to the music of the piano. It seems that there is no wrong in this; itis only when the dancing is to the music of a band that harm is done. ‘Surely this isa nics way of getting outofadilemma. There are a great many strangers in Paris at present, among whom many Amori- cans. Panis, March 8, 1990. Buropean Politics—A Curious Diplomatic Comedy—A Few Developments in Regard to Napoleon's Present Policy— Bargain, and How it has teen Fulfilled—~The Secret of the Peace of Villafranca— Napoleonic Ideas’ Once More— “Pierre De Medicis,” dc., dc., dc. We are now taking part in one of the most curious of the diplomatic comedies that have been played during the | century. We are just now at the dénouement. Will the play end with a battle? I cannot tell you yet. The comedy | It The Count of Cavour and Napoleon IIlL—A Diplomatic | “Tt is a bargain,’’ says Napoleon Ill.; ‘the Princess Clotilde is of noble birth, and this alliance will give (clut to my democratic escutcheon.”” ‘The second act opens at Paris on New Year's day, 1859, with the compliments of the occasion, when Napoleon III. says to the Emperor of Austria that he regrets their rela- tions are not as friendly as they might be. The wary people, who have seen France during the last months of 858 engaged in making extraordinary warlike prepara- jong, know what to think of the good wishes of his French. Majesty for bis imperial brother. They are not astonished to see the comedy turned intoatragedy. The principa; neidents of the second act are Montebello, Magenta and Solferino, Everybody imagined that the French army was going to force the famous Quadrilateral of the Mincio; but the Emperor of the French is too ingenious a spirit to Jet the play finish a: the second act. Now we come to the third act, which ig full of incidents as interesting as unexpected. Europe discovers,on awaken- ing one fine morning, that a peace is signed between the Emperor Napoleon and the Emperor Francis Joseph- “ How, is the peace signed?” exclaim the liberals, who believed the promise of Napoleon, when, in his speech on the 7th of February, he proclaimed that Italy should be free from the Alps to the Adriatic. “ Yes,’’ answer the worthy partisans of monarchical right, ‘and Venetia remaing with Austria, aad the Arch- dukes will be restored in Tuscany and Modena, and the Count Cavour gives in his resignation, and ambitious Pied- mont, that dreawe of the couquest of the whole of Central Italy, will bave Lombardy only, aad will have to pay to Austria in good round sums "’ The former will not believe it, but the latter overcome them with the evidence of facts, and point out to them the treaty of Zurich. Another overpowering proof is that Europe is about to assemble in @ Congress upon the invitation of France and Austria, who val bring fore it the stipulations recorded in the traaty of Zurich. At the end of the third act of the comedy they find themselves very far, you see, from the declared object— Italy free from the Alps to the Acriatic!”? When the fourth act commences, Austria is triumphant despite her defeat. The Prince of Metternich—her Am- baseador—is sited by » ron Tif An aitiance between Austria and France ie spoken of. The archdukes pack up their things to return to their Duchies, Still, Central itary ig not disturbed. She votes the fall of legitimate sove- Tigh, ap if, indeed, sbe had two hundred thousand men to Bupport her vote. Whence comes this immense courage? It ariees from tbe fact that if the French government bas sent ber M. de Reiset and Prince Poniatowski to urge her to take back the archdukes, France repeats openly that Bhe is absolotety opposed to all armed intervention. “This being the case,” aay the Italians to themselves, “we ere the masters of the disposition of ourselves, and we would, indeed, be very simple should we place our- selves voluntarily under the yoke of Austria, now that France protects us aganet ali armed intervention.”” The pecs of monarchicat right also begin to reflect: “1° France,” they say to themselves, ‘declares against all armed intervention, what, then, will the archdukes do to replace toemecives upon their theones? The French government assures us that it wishes their restoration, but it rejects the only means by which this is possible. What an astonishing contradiction!’ The Congress, however, was about to meet, and Central Italy would have to yield to the will of monarchical Enrope; but then we suddenly learn that Napoleon IIL, ia bis letter of the Sist of January, 1859, declares to the Pope that the surcat means of putling an end to the revolutions in the Romeguas is to abandon tat province to Piedmont. Great surprise.) “How!” said the legitimista; ‘Napoleon IIT. wants the restoration of the Avetrian archdukes, and he advises an Italian prince to yield to the revolutionists,”’ The liberals are in ecstacies, and they say to their ad- versaries, ‘Ah! you are trapped!” The Count Cavour comes back to power. England makes four propositions, and, according to the fourth, it is the national will which ig to deside pea een the Ttalian question. Moreover, France acknowledges in dcapatch of the 80th of January to Compt Persigny that it is the beat way of afriving at aeolution; and in her dea- patch of the Sistof January to the Marquis De Monatier, at Vienna, the declares that the execution of the treaty of ‘Zurich, ag to the restoration of the Archdukes, presents iu- ecrmountable obstacies; she there officially pronounces herself opposed to ail armed intervention. The legiti- mists, together with the clericalz, would consign Napsleon IIL. to the infernal regions, Austria makes a frightful giimace. But suddenly it is remored that Napoleon III, threatens to withdraw’ his support from Victor Emanuel if the latter {is not satisfied with the annexation of Purma and Modeva, and if he does not Jeave Tuscany to constitute herself as an autonomous State [Vide cespatch of the 24th of Jaouary, and impe- Tiel speech of the let of Marsh} But Piedmont, perfectiy upmoved by these threats, anawers that sbe accopts ab- solutely the vote which Central Italy is calied upon to give npon the 10th of March, by the universal suffrage—the sDuexation or the autonomy of the duchies. [Vide Cespatch of Count Cavour of 292 of January.) France will then probably withdraw her 60,000 men which ebe keeps in Lombardy, tf the vote ia in favor of pexation But what will be the resuit? First, Central will be aunexed to Piedmont; second, Austria will bot interfere with arms, for France would prevent her, and the war would begin anew. Now, Russia and Prussia would pot help Austria, and ag to Engiand, the Italians would punctual)y execute her fourta proposition, and thus ime mepner, the absoluze legality of which Franca re- cogniges in ber cespateh cf the {24th of February to the Count Persigny at London, viz:—the universal suffrage. ‘Third, France will annex Savoy and Nice, which Napoleon Ceclaree in his speech of the Ist of March indispensable to the safety of his frontiers. This later incident may Dring abuut & tragical dénowement to this admirable dipio- matic comedy in five acta. Let ua await theend, which Promisee to perfectiy conform to the beginning of the Piece. The fifih act promises to be not less interesting than the four others. In a (uw days the Grand Opera is to prodwee a great lyric drama, ‘Pierre de Medicis,” an opera by the Prince Ponl- atowsk), the same whoee diplomatic migsion met with so Hitrle snecess at Florence jast year. A grand opera is a colossal machine, a kind of Leviathan, whose difficult launch is an event indeed. I was present leet evening at ‘one of the last geveral rehearsais, and 1 can give you the imetr of an account of this work. The eidjsct is bor- rowed from the history of the dukes of Florence. Pierre ée™M cis is reigning im that city; his dissolnte habits, his excessjve Jove of Inxory and of pleasure, have aroused oguinst him the hatred of the people. Julien de Medicis, his brother, whose habits form a contrast with those of the fovereign, resists tor a long time the wishes of the nation which call bim to the throne. A rivalry ina love matter between the two brothers changes the dinposition of Julien. Pierre de Medicis faile desperately in love with the young countess, Laura Salviati, who is secretiy afflanced to his brother Julien. In tho first act Pierre de Medicis bas left Fiorence to sack at Pisa the lady whom he adores. Tbe Countess Laura is the niece of the Grand Inquisitor, Fra Antonio, chief of the Order of Dominicans. Pierre, believing himself sure of succeeding with her whom he loves, is nevertheless desirous of making an ally of the Grand inquisitor,and be asks of him the hand of bis niece. Fra Antonio, who sees in this alllance # high road to honors and ‘power, gives his consent; and pro- miger to ntake known to the Countess the wishes of the cba ge Julien de Medicis learns the project of his rother. In the eecond secne of the first act we are in the qpart- mente of the Countess. She is expecting Jalen He comes, ® prey to the most poignant anxiety: He proposes to Laura to fly with him to eacape the persecutions of his brother, Laura refuses, but promises to to no one save himeelf. Fra Antonio comes to his niece and in- forms ber of the love of the Duke. She refuses to become his wife, and avows her love for Julien. ‘The second act represents the gardens of the Palace of Pisa. Jt is the anniversary of the ‘ Péte des Luminatres.” | The eoldiers, while waiting for this great national solem- nity tocommence, are amusing themselves playing at the game of ‘‘morra.”’ A flourish of trumpets announces the presence of the Duke, followed by his court, @ho came to arsiet at the fi given in honor of the beautiful Countess. During the soirée Pierre determines to propose to the Countess. The Court take places to assist in & representa- tion of a mythological ballet, “Zhe Loves of Diana,” which is executed in the gardens. At the conclusion of this interlude, Pierre, who is upon the point of speaking to Laura, is accosted by Fra Antonio, He tells him that Laura refuses the alliance. The Duke wishes to kuow the cause of this refusal, which is revealed to him by the Grand Inquisitor in the presence of Julien and the Coun- tess. Pierre, furions, demands that Laura be sent to convent and compelled to take the veil if she persists in her refusal. The enemies of the Duke gather around Julien. They wish Julien to put himself at their head and assume the ducal power. They agree upon a rendezvous A Clue to Buropean Complications—The New Opera of | for the following night on the putskiris of the Campo Santo. In the third act Laura is seeking ine "8 hut, conducted by a person whom she Delieves d to Jalien, but who is in the interest of Pierre. It is in this lace that Laura is again to see herlover. But Plerreand ‘a Antonio are abead of him. Both come to make a last is in five acts, and we are now at the end of the fourth. ‘The first act opens at Plombiéres, in the summor of | 1858, where the Emperor Napoleon Il. is sojourning. The | Count of Cavour, President of the Serdioian Cabinet, ar- rives, who is dreaming of an Italian Union under the sceptre of Victor Emanuel, chief of the House of Savay. Already, at the Congress of 1856, the Count of Cavour has | declared the absolute necessity of Austria's withdrawal from Italy, otherwise the Italians would compel her, and also that Piedmont personally did not wish to keep upaay longer @ neighborhood as dangerous as disagreeable. In { 1848 the Italian republicans were desirous of expelling | | Austria, but they did not succeed in doing so. The Count | of Cavour was ambitious, besides, of making Piedmont j fulfil that mision, But to do that it was peceesary to have | } @great army. effort upon the mind of Laura. This time the alternative jg tomarry Pierre or be consigned to a convent. The Duke con: ber to yield to his wishes, but she is orable, 10 thie situation the voio» of Julien is heard. He bastens to his beloved, but the Countess, yielding to force, Ddide farewell to Julicn and departs for tha convent, in the midst of the imprecations of Fra Antonio and the angry | outbursts of the uke. The second scene represents the | Campo Santo. The conspirators are ‘aseemnbi ling. They flock to Julien and swear upon the tomb of the mother of the Medicis, to deliver from the tyr&n- | ny of Pierre. The revolt is becoming full of excitement, and leaves the Campo Santo to burst forth in the city. ‘The fourth act represents the environs of Pisa. Some | pecenig cept Delyraben Soir pe gona coming tipsy w! combatants are 7 sneer at the civil war, jing whioh they have no care. Pierre de Medici#, dangerously wounded, rushes into the midst of them. wishes before dying to He speaks: thanks to Heaven tor this meeting. He embraces. ther, and telis-bim thas the Countegs is. upon taking the veil; that there is no time to oe jostif wishes to save her from that extremity. He desires to accompany Julien to the convent. The second scene of the fourth act represents the cha- pelof the convent prepared for the cerem@ny of taking the veil. ¥ra Antonio i# not yet informed of the result of the revolt. He conjures bis piece to reflect upon the step ehe is about to take. He urges ber to take Pierre de dicis for a husband. She prefers w renounce the world. . Fra Antonio paints a terrible picture of the sin ehe com- mits ip giving herself to God when her heart is furl of an- other love. Laura persists, and prefers the veil to perjury; she loves Julien avd wishes to belong only to him. Ia the meantime the crowd arrive atthe gates of the cou- ‘vent, and they break them down to effect an entrance, Pierre de Medicis and Julien, who {s supporting his brother, arrive. Julien sat the head of the soldiers. They come to demand Laura of the Grand Inquisitor, but wo late, ber hair bas fallen, her vows are pronounced, aud alreasy she belongs to God only. Such is ap outline of this opera, in which there are very many lyrical situations, distributed with that know. ledge of the stage which constitutes ove of the salient quali- ties of Mr. De St. Geo's talent. Among the morccaur which merit the approbation of the critics, we must cite the following:— In the firtt act, the duet sung by Gueymard and Obin, ® warlike march with a charming rythm, which cannot fail to become a delightful quadrille air. In the second scene of the first act en aria of Mme. Gueymard—/l va wnir mon bien amée.”” The duet sung by Gueymard and Bounnehie in the se- cond act, avery original featare; the troop of soldiers play- ing at morra, in which the voices in Produce @ de} seine effect and possess an exquisite freshness and novelty. The introductcur du ballet is of inimitable grace. The duet between Gueymard and Bounnehie is one of the most dclightfut of the author’s inspirations. Finally, te fourth act, in the whole, crowned by the grand scene of the taking of the veil, the musical magnifi- cence of which appears 0 us to be unsurpassed by any other master, The decorations are of an comparable beauty, and the ‘mise en scene ia rich and full of charming details, which form a series of enchantments for the eye. Paws, March 8, 1860. The Emperor's Speech—Austriam Agents Attempt to Bring dt Into Contempt—The Austrian Emperor's Stolidity in Nalian Affairs—The French Priestoraft: Attempting to Oreate Sympathy for the Pope—The Anglo-French Commercial Treaty—The New Postal Arrangement with England—the Note of Cownt Cavour to the Sardian GMinister—War Feeling Predominant—The Hospice de St. Jeam—The Duchess of Malakoff Gives Birth to a Daughter—She is Visited By the French Empress— Entombment of the Remains of an Old Marshal of France, dc. Sufficient time has now elapsed to enable one to form something like a fair judgment of the effect of the Empe- ror’s speech at the opening of his Legislative Seasion. stated in my last that it was regarded as @ simple con- firmation of information that was already patent; but as the confirmation of forboded evil is not the less depressive that it has in some measure been anticipated, #0 the cor- roboration of what all knew or expected has+in this parti- cular inatance been the cause of@mdditional anxiety. To say nothing of the commercial question be. tween England and France—which the French mind is slow to estimate—the advantages of the Italian difficulty, ‘with its Papal appendix, and above all the Savoy and Nice annexation, there is, besides, a certain consciousness of “breakers ahead” in the Emperor’s language, which all fancy they perceive to be shadowed forth. “We are in for a great struggle some day or other, and perhaps soon,” is & very common expression, ‘‘with one or all the great Powers of Europe.” We fee) that wo are runming on the edge of a razor, and that our wheels must elip some day. The Emperor means well for France, and if left alone will doubtless revendiquer—indemnify the Second Em- pire for the loeees of the First. But will he be left alone? ‘Will he not provoke an armed coalition once more against France, and bring on all of us the miseries our fathers experienced under like circumstances? It is a fact that every foreign Power is more or less dis- contented with the speech, except one, which is Austria, who cannot conceal her delight at the susceptibility of England on the subjest of treaties, which, but a few months ago, when Austria herself was concerned, she held so cheap. The Austrian attachés are running about everywhere, rubbing their bands, and declaring that the Emperor’s speech, in the annexation particular, is a piece of luminous logic; and now that the point of the sword of Brennus has pierced the treaties of 1815, to expect any- thing else than a clean demolition is ag illogical as it is foolish. Quiet citizens, anxious to ply their industrial oc- cupations, to make money and taste the sweets of luxu- rious reurement, in fact don’t know what to think or ch re is Count de Rechberg’s reply, which all the gov- ‘ernment journals were go busy in jcting could not be other wise than favorable to views, come at last; ‘and what does he say?—‘‘The Emperor (of Austria) has not chapged his opinion on the subject of Italy. In fact, he does but recapitulate all the old arguments, aud remain doggedly of the same opinion still, To oppose a varrier to the more and more encroachiog progress of revolution by the restoration of the dethroned sovereigns, and to assist the efforts of the Enoperor of the French, who bad a project of satisfying the aspirations of national feelings by @ close union of the governments of the Italian Rerinsula by means of @ federative alliance—such was the twofold object of the acts of Villafranca and of Zu- rich.” And to this and nothing else, it is plain, from Count de Rechberg’s ehowing, will Austria consent, and nothing |; beyona. The Pope, too, if many of the hierarchy who affect to #peak in his name are to be credited, will not so much as hear of a brother near bis papal throne, of any vicarious government of the Legations of the , Ferrara, and Bologna; no, sooner than do so he will descend from ‘bis eacrea chair, and, with scrip and sta(f aud sandal, be beholden for bis bread to the pitiful compassion of the faithful. ‘There isa spirit evoked in the priesthood of France which, it is clear, the Emperor, after all be had done for them, did not calculate upon, Already the pre- inex- | Remorse is in his hoart; he | lates who have seats in the Senate have with one voice offered their remonatrances on the liberties taken with bis Holiness, aud in the provinces the country pastors are stirring Leaven and earth to stimulate public sentiment in Bis f I bsve reason to believe that they are by no meens unsucc: esful, for, as a body, they are much re- epected by their flocks, with whom their poverty and Simple wants‘cause them thoroughly to idenuty them- selves. What is the quiet citizen to think of all this? He sees public securities agitated aad depressed, the cry of alarm, of terror or defiance, floating over the waves of the Bri- uth Chanue! ange rumor of troope being ordered to rejoin their regiments, warlike preparations, incessant movement and r.dwonted excitement everywhere; and 80 2) sits down, anything but content with ‘tne powers that On the whole, I do not think the monopolits are 80 much frightened as they anticipated. Now that they have come to look on the commercial as un fait accomplt, it is wonderful bow rational the; ve grown. They think, and with reagom, that an ad velorem juty of thirty per ceut is etill a very pretty protection, and that in cotton goods, with their knowledge of what is wanted and their general ingenuity, they have perhaps been too ready to ery out berore they were burt. The wine trade, in spite of all they have heard of the British love of malt, are etili sanguine enough to believe bd have s roaring trade before them; and the public generally does, I think, look favorably on that portion of the Emperor’s speech which alludes to free trade. Ip fact, the price of the ne- cessaries of life has increased go extraordinarily of recent years, that it is no wonder the foray ngt hed with joy any hope of lower charges. Wi every Fear becoming more and more the substitute for wood as fuel, and sugar, are commodities which already, in the distance, fascinate the eye of the million. The new postal arrangement with Eogiand, by which a double service is to be secured, gives general satisfaction. Eleven hours are allowed for the transit between the two capitals, via Dover apd Calais; and, weather permitiing, the arrangement will stand thus:— Day Service. Arrival at London... .5:60 P. M. Departure from Lond TAM Arrival at Paris..... 6 PM Departure from Paris, , Arrival in London... . Departure trom London. wee in Paris. t is expectet plete working order by the lst of Ma: Fok Zot being lgs took tert ce fhreday ab) politi. 1 o instead of Lang, obliged to for the mail leaving Liverpool by weer '» Tshall be to poet a day later. Welive wo completely from hand extraordinary mouth, so to speak, i> these days rest, tbat a boon of an additional twelve and maintenance The | Sardinian government has deciared King Pope s gead | i i | if ing alt 58s, ie iid Ttaly, the honor ana interests of Sue, Seat ey See. encounter the most! perilous ce. | find but one predominant, whether I consult | With informed men or judge from the tone of diplomatic circles, that another war is inevitable ere the Italian diff. culty can be solved. ‘To turn from political clouds and war alarms. , under what cireumstances. sixteen fréres, who, while habited in the simple garb of the Church, are not ecclesiastics. ‘They have a spacious house, large enougn to accommo: date thirty patients, a magnificent ‘den, a small farm sufficient to supply the establishment with batter, milk, eggs,.and poultry. The house {g divided into separate chambers, and the terms of admis. sion are five france per diem. For this remuneration each t has an excellent room, dre and candle, the attend- ence of an able physician, nursing day and night, and food in abundance of the best quality, and cooked in the mostartistic manaer. In the morning there is chocolate, tea or coffee; ateleven o'clock an excellent dgjeuner Fourchette; ar ala & good dinner, with winefof potage, two later of meat, pastry and dessert, all served to ence ia is room. The cook of the establishment ig not allowed to purvey—hence one gecret of the excellence of the cui- sine. This is a duty performed by the brethen. All night long a certain number watch the night through, to auswer the bell of any patient, and there are lay brethren to per- form the menial offices. The cleanliness, ventilation and perfect organization of ‘the Hoepice is beyond all praise. The gentleman whom I visited was a man of great literary attainments, who in his old age was alilicted with cataracts forming on his eyes. Hig means were limited, and rather than be at the mercy of the uncertain attention of hirelings, he was re- commended to thie establishment, where it is impossibie to conceive a man can be happier under such circumstances. 1 am thus particular in inviting attention to it, as to per- sons traveiling and liable to be overtaken by disease, the knowledge of such an institution, where the most admira- ble nursing, the beet of food, excellent medical attend- ance, a pure air, and, in fact,every want an ailing boay is in of need, is supplied at #0 moderate a charge, is most important. ‘The institution bar still three or four. branch establish- ‘ments in different parts of France—at and Marseilles for instance, and in some parts of Italy.” It is self-paying, and whatever surplus is amassed is applied to the in- creaced comforts of the patients, The Duchess of Malakoff has just given birth to a davgbter. The Em; heard of the’ happy event, as Prince Napoleon snd the Princess Clotilde also called Be Seah Se Legion of Honor, the residence of the 2. Count de Nieuwerkerke now entertains the most dis- tinguished persons in the arts, literature and fashion, every Friday at the Louvre. This day the Uburch of the Invalides receives the re- mains of one of the old braves of an era of giants. a shal Count Reille—whose death, by the way, renders Prince Jerome Bonaparte the senior Marshal of France— was born in 1775. He joined the army in 1792, and became aid-de-camp to Marshal Massena. He was made Captain on the battle field of Tarvis. After Campo Formio be went with Massena to Switzerland. He returned to Italy. with Murat, received the command of Florence, and wag named sub-chief of the French armies in Italy. In 1803 he was made General of Brigade, and second in the camp of Bou! He was at Austeriitz, and greatly distin- guished himeeif at Salfeld and Jena. At battle of Paltusk bis bri broke the centre of the and at the battle of Ostrolenska his gallant conduct proqured him the appointment of aid-de-camp to the Emperor. was at Wagram. In Spain he commanded the right wing of the French army against the Eoglieh, Spanish and Por- tuguese forces. He was at Quatre! and Waterloo, had two horees shot under him. After the hundred days ‘what a lame and im Neman of the bedcl France. Ey 3 nt conclusion’) he became gen- ber to the , and Peer of ‘He married Marsha) Massena’s . Our Berlim Correspondence. Barun, March 6, 1860. The Policy of Louis Napolom—The Russo-Austrian Al- sian Chambers to Adpocate a Solution to the Ralian Ques- tiom to the Interests of Constitutional Liberty and the Popular Voice of the People of Italy—4 Committee Ap- Pointed to Consider the Petition—Debate on the Same— Publication of Some of the Correspondence of the Late Alexander Humboldt—His Opinion of the Orowned Heads @&f Europe—Starlling Disclosures— Governmental Orders to Confiscate the Book, dic., dc. The policy of Louis Napoleon grows more and more mysterious. There may be a deep laid plan at the bot- tom of it, but to judge from appearances one would ima- gine that instead of conciliating the various parties he has to deal with, he took a perveree pleasure in mortifying and affronting every one of them. By making over Parma and Modena to Piedmont, he breaks the engagements en- tered into with Austria at Villafranca; by secularizing the Romagna he excites the ire of the Pope; by refusing his consent to the annexation of Tuscany he disappoints Victor Emanvel and destroys his popularity with the Italians; and by persisting in his views upon Savoy he reawakens the jealousy of England and endangers the entente cordiale to obtain which he is just revolutionizing the entire com- mercial system of his empire, Can it be possible that he feels uneasy at the dubious attitude of the Eastern Powers, and is afraid that the negotiations goingon between them may reeult in a coalition against him. The Russo-Austrian alliance, with which the London Chronicle bas been startling the London Stock Exchange from its propriety,|is certainly a mere myth; but it is no Jess certain that the friendly relations between Russia and France have been greatly weakened of Iste, and that the hostile feeling cntertained at St. Petersburg towards Austria has decreased in the same proportion. The new Prussian Gasette—not a bad authority when royalty is concerned—asserts {positively that the Czar takes a par- ticular interest in the young Grand Duke of Tuscany, and has written a letter to him assuring him of his support, and adding, ‘‘ Votre cause est la mienne.”” If this be cor. rect, we might infer that by reinstating the Grand Duke in his possession, Louls Napoleon ‘expects to regain the friendship of Russia, and to induce that Power to acquiesce in the annexation of Savoy, which he evi- dently has more at heart than anything else. The con- sent of Russia would probably insure the success of his scheme, for Prussia would not venture to offer active re- gistance to it unless asgured of the co-operation of her Eastern neighbors. Austria is too thoroughly cowed to show fight again in a burry, and in the humiliating situa tion to which she has been reduced, the restoration of one of her Archdukes would at least afford her a partial satis- faction; and though England might continue to protest, ‘not on)y the Manchester men, but even the London Times declare that the question of Savoy is not important enough to go towar about. Time must show whether ‘this’ conjecture has any foundation, or whether the last move of the French bere ghe grainy political chess- board i only a feint, played off upon the diplomacy of for some purposes yet unknown. In the Prussian Chambers foreign affairs have hitherto been carefully eschewed, the conservatives maintaining that their arrangement is a prerogative of the Crown, with hich the Legielauare bave pothlag to do, and the Iiberats not W] 1g to embarrass the ', Who are already Bu iy hampered in their political’ action the per- sonal ies andjantipathies of an illustrious person- Je. ¢ House of Deputies, signed by three eighty-three citizens of Baden, in requested to induce government ‘‘to advocate a solution of the Italian question conformable to the interests of con- stitutional liberty and to the ‘nan imouaty wishes of the whole population of Italy,” which led to ‘an animated discussion. The committee appointed to report on this petition had proposed, ‘‘conside: that the. views "of government os the cute ee mapori ed the tresamee tose ”? to pass to the be the e le, order of he day which yropra vas aproved by tha Minister }, though without giving an opinion as to for it, M. Relchens; , of Co- Catholic party, denied ted the feelings of the Prus- Prusea to uphold legi- which endangered the of eiaerene tas wutare of inces . The Italien Detion were terrorieed by a henatal ot incendiaries, who received their parole from Turin, and ‘were subsidized with Englisb guineas. The committee ded non Intervention; Fel 5 i § Hi ut Hf! iy i] é $f ag a] i i you engage Prussia in a crusade to restore the and the Bourbons? If not, then for God’s sake, gentlemen, don't bore us any more with your laughter.) The hg ate from Germanism of the double headed eagle: cannot find a single German Austria bas lions? I look i) mg) dinia ase it against Frei must retain the pel bad done n Publis attentinr subject of such vital interest, I should welcome tition with gratitude.’”’ There can be no doubt that the sentiments ex) by M. de Vincke are shared by the great mass Prussian nation,on whom some passages f from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Ambacz | in London, savoring rather stropgly of legitimist — Pensities, and containing an extremely quaitied the principle of noninterv: » WS laid « by Lord Jobn had made « very unfavorable. Pression. It was probably to dissipate the apprehen excited by this despatch that M. de Schietnitz tho, re succees. It was for the interest of Europe, howe\er, italy, an important member of the European so of nations, should not only be outwardiy pacitied laced in the possession of legal and well regu titutions, and Prussia would never refuse her « co-operation for the attainment of this great ob, would be her special task to prevent new complica from arising the Powers of Europe, and to. a from the horrors of a new war. 2 iepring of ‘an illicit connet. and the Datch Admiral Of the King of Prussia a number of simu 9 aneccotes are related. It seems he was firmly conv: Henry V. would soon be restored to, the thron im constant exper wit the French, of whom are THE DIFFICULTIES ON THE GONTINEN) The Shadows of miei | Events. ‘From the London Chronicle, March 10.) Never since the termination of the great war in 181/ a pooner om ee 80 oe During our years peace clouds have, no doubt, s times lowered; but they never quite obscured the shine, The danger always seemed localized, and 1 Pporten general disturbance. A fatuous obsti and 8 wild ambition bave unbappily conspired to ck all this. Distrust reigns everywhere. From the chant’s counting house to the Minister’s cabinet it § the same. The stocksmarkets sure indicators of the public feeling, the anxiety—not to say the alarm—of the commercial We must confess that we are not justified in -) unhappy state of things to any unfounded panic ‘1 neyed classes are too intelligent to be duged by the, Bouyres with which mobs are somstimes > fe. we Patek Aes the doubtere—the men Of little fi last di 5 5S rs g § 2 iH i Emilia. To me Porviations or mre Exata:— The King has convoked the colleges for the electic It is incumbent upon us that, if the national will st be manifested to be firm in the deliberations