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derod by the Attics in f one; notwithetendiug which the victory was valy @braived through the def ction of the Séxon and Wurtem- berg avrilaries who deserted the standard of France at 1 critical moment. The guecess of the Prussiaa Hon tw 1812 and '14, therefore, must rather be Yooked vpon a# an exceptioval case, as the result of a for- tenate conjonetion of fortattous circametagees, than a& aa argument wm aver of the system. Ab that period the French were demoralized by repeated disasters, exbanated ani eager for peace and repose; tho Ger with putriotie eothusasm, enoonraged by nt defeats mficted apon the enemy, and backed WY A coalition extendwe fromm one eaial Europe w the ether. Tho present ptare ot things is tne very Pr ai thir, and Tar a Felvctahty from th @eek apd the lecinre ted against the victorc pe os war ie sti!) found o nt @tviiized Jife, it will b ease of warriors; ail mitempts to replace it by a epecies Of cizen soldkersbip MDE necessarily prove fallacious, the sooner the Prassians get rit of thelr present system, and adopt someting approaching more cluscly to the Freuch, the better 1s wil! be for tnem. General Wilverbrach dit not leave town tli Mom his miceion to Italy having been postponed several days looger toan WA8 Orginatly contemplated. This delay, I undersiand, is owing w Some chenge in his iastractions Oooasioned hy the despaich of M. de Thouvene: toCoant Persigny, from which it appears that Louis Nopoleon has ny intection of arranging the alfairs of Ualy tte a tte wih Rogiand witbous eapsuiting vb Powers, a8 Suggest: ed by Lord Joby Roseell. The yssian diplomatisis are gene seed with this discovery, amd for the moment, re, the tecling towards France is rather more fondly than of Jate, while, on the other band, # wilt bo weadily imagined that the proposal of toe Brivish states mer, bas nut contributed to increase the popularity he ea joys among bis continental colleagues. Russia has again fome forward with ber old pian for settling the question by conferences of the five great Powers; and as she is. seconded by Prussia, anc the oracle at the Toikorics 18 not ‘wppropitions, and Austria would do anything in the world to eonciiiate her quondam friend ani her late enemy, { sbenli pot be greatly surprised if the Gomgress, so ong talked of and so often adjourned sine dée, were at iongta veoome a fait accompli. THE ITALIAN QUESTION. javoy te room, would stand listle hanes if 2 legions of Napoleon IL As vith the ussges of ‘ary to have a the House of Commons, on the 16th of February, Sir Yuet said, I wieh to ask the Secretary of State for Fo- reign Ailairs whether her Majesty’s government have any elyection to state the bature of We Communications wach Bave passed between the Sardinian and ments with reepect 1 the ceegion of mien Cerrito y to France, aud aleo whetber ber Majesty’s overnment have had occasion to communicate to the rench goverument the opinion entertamed by ovber Powers on this subject; and whether, in the event of the anexuton of Savoy to France being ‘effected, her Majen- ty’s government are prepared to abandon the neutrality © Swhverisad, as guarsutecd by Great Britain, ia com moe with other European Powers semmunications which nave passed between the Sardinian aod Brisch governments we have ioquired of the Sardi wan government whether there was auy engagomeat or any int-nuion to yield Savvy to France, and the answer hat bern generaily that there was no eugegementon the suo jeet ann that Sardinia had vo intention to cede Savoy w rapes. (Cbeers.) That is the general nature of th: aaxwer which bas been given. (Hoar, bear.) We bv Bet communicated to the French government the opinion epiertawed by other ers, becaure we have bai no eeumunication with otber Powers to ascertain what their epwiors may be. With regard to the otber qaesvun, whetber, in the event of the sonezahon of Savoy to Franee being effected, ner Majesty's government are pre pared to udacdon the neutrality of Switzerland, as guar- asteed by Great Britain, in common with other Esropean Powers,” J should say that the Sunss goverrmant have asked us whrilur, in case of such amnezation, we were prepared to maintain the neutrolity (f Swilzrriand, aud to provite in such @ manner thut the neutrality Nivuld om no way be injur ud, ond we have always repleed that ue had. determined to do se. (Cheers) It appears that the districts of Chapiais auc Faveigus, more especially, are guaranteed py the ame = masner a8 Switzer arvof the general arrange ment for the guarantee of Swizerland. But it ia stad, and with great trun, by the Sardinian Government, that it weuid bardly be an equivalent guarantee if chose dis wiote were to belong to France. instead of veionging to Sarowia, apd accordingly their view 16 that in case of an BeXution those districts at least, w not farther districts, shovlo belong to Switzerland. and be guaranteed in the Roneral guarantee of Switzerland. That appears to be « ry fair proposal on the part of Sardinia. I was only e'rand that with the prospect of agg aodizement Swiz'r jand would favor aanexaticn; at least, Iwas uneasy; bat yesterday or today I received assurances from Berne ‘that the Swiss government wisd things to remain as they are, and Savey to remain part of the territory of Sardinia. (Cheers.) As far as Switzerland ani Sardinia ace con- @ rned, there is Do wieb or intention that this annexauion should take place. (Cheers.) Mr. Skymavr Frrzcxratp said that ag the nobdio lord had replied to the qaestion of the honorable baronet, he would, perbacs, permit hic to ask him @ further qa-stion on the fmportant subject, without which the information wed by the House would be very iusompiete. noble jord had informed th House that be was aséured from Turtp that the cession of Savoy was not eonterplated by the government of Piedmont, and would net be usaented to. So far the information given by the noble lord waa satisiactory. The further question he iehed to ask was, whether the noble lord bud been in- formed from Turin that a communication had been a4- @ressed to the government of Medmout on the part of the Emperor of the French, to the effect that if Contra! pen A was anvexed to the Sardinian kingdom, France gould pot permit the French slopes of the Alps to remain fo the possevsion of a Power whose position in Europe ‘wou)d be so materially altered by such an extension of ferritory. (Hear, hear.) Lord J. Rvsee11—I bave received no information in the terms stated by the honorable gentleman; but it bas cer taicly, to my knowledge, been communicated to the government of Turin that if the kingdom of Sardinia wore aggrandized to apy very consideradle extent by the ‘ene xavon of Central Italy, France won!d think that ber Sroxtier was not recure without the annexation of at least wecme part of Savoy In the House of Lords on the 17th ultimo, in answer to ‘& question from Lora Normanby, Earl Granville ssid that ber Majeety’s government had réceived & communication from the French government to the effect that, if Central aly were annexed to Sardinia, they should deem it ne- eessury to ennex some part of Savoy, but that they should Bot make Boch ab acnexarion without cousulting ths other ‘owers, or without the consent of the mhabitants {From the London Times, Feb. 17 @.., Sih, Ce BO NL OO a Tw Ik: fact, Sardinia has not agreed w cede Savoy, and does: mot wich or intendgto doo, but the French Emperor has ‘demapoec Savoy as the price of his consent to the annex stiop of the Itahan Duchies and tne Rotaagna to the do- muniors jof Victor Emanuel. ‘It has,’ esid Lord John uaeell, “to my Knowledge been communicated to the overnwent of Turin, that if the kingdom of Sardinia were erandized to aby considerable extent by t nexation Central Italy, France wouki think that ber frontier was re without the annexation of at least some part of 70} Soh, then, is the latest developement of the Italian the Emperor of tue French, in whose strange aracter Use treo ovposing qualities of vigor and vacillation to mect, 6 DOW, at tho eleventh nour, endeavoring 0 row Githcuities in ihe way of that Italian union to which e bad apparently given his consent. It is plain toat the ‘demand for a part of Savoy is as much invended to dis- gvale the King from extending bis dominions southward as 4o induce him to give France the French siopes of the ‘Alps. The demand is, in fact, a return to the policy upon ‘which the Emperor entered’in May taat, when Prince Na- pense ‘waa sent to Tuscany to bead the revolution Then was ecarcely concealed, though it has been vehemently denied eince, that the plan was to estiblish a kingdom ip Ceviral Italy under the sceptre of the Prince whose marriage Aad united the houses of France and Sardinia. Events march- 20, however, too quickly for the fortuues of the Prince. Beh war and revolution left him far bebiat. Acstria was driven from Lombardy in a few weeks, and b.fore tue French division, with the new Tuscan levies, could be ‘bronght into the fleld. There was no oppo:tuaity for them to show their valor against the Austrians, for the Austrians were swept away before Priuce Napoleon hat time to reach the Mincio, The Emperor seems then to deave abandoned his earler scheme, and w have made with as little thougbt for his eousin as for his ally Foe the scheme for an invependent kiagdom of Etruria would have perished bad the people been as passive and as eubmissive to the despotism of potentstes as sixty yeare og». But the Tuscaps and their brethren bad tested independence, and were not inclined to give li up even to please the liberator of Lombardy. They deter- mined on annexation 1o Sardinia, aud have been since — to the formation of @ aoparate kingdom as tg Featirstion af the’? Tormer sovarengs ‘The worid had thought within the lest fow moaths that the French Emperor had made up his mind to accept the “mnexation to Sardinia, and that the renewed alliance with eae was B pledge of thia wise policy. But i ts : fs ity apt fo make capricious, The French Emperor has seem imgty Pacrificed everything to the policy which England hee hed the credit of initiating. He. has declared to the ‘Viennese Court that be will not restore the Italian eove- wo propoupd; we French priesthood with a high hand. publication of epiecopal manifestoes and ‘Most notorious organ of tbe clergy. English may be exovsed for believing that all this me @cveptance of Jlallan nationality, for they cannot conceios ‘how a ruler should take so much trouble and sxpme himself 0 50 much obioguy stthont hacing Sally ade Sp hee Now, however, after having de that the people of ‘Cental Italy shali not be interfered with, and baving thus ‘eequiesced in the eunexation of their country to Sardinia, Napoleon comes forward and t-lis Victor Emanael at ‘what a price he must purchase the permission to accept he #overeignty which is tendered to him So the preperiion of two | | tel of France. The Eusperor NE with the character for justice and moderation he has fpr peg vy mb npn Be cannot but see * the eaten mtiers of . recent policy im Italy has fected. LOKD PALMERSTON REGARDS THR QUESTION AS SETTLED. (From the London Post, Feb. 17.) ‘This question Lo longer ad's to We complications of Bu- rope. Itaroge out of circumstances not within the con- f polcon had foreseen and Urged & Confederation in Italy. The course of events Pointed to an Italian kingdom. ‘In such ap event, it was Obvious that great inconvenience would arise from the Freveb slopes of the Aips being @ portion of that kimg- dom, Henee the suggeston for the cession of Savoy. The Freneb government, has pow, however, expressed {ie weitbagpess te ——— spy we that may piping a w the great powers of Europe om the question ; fear & collision” way therefore be consudered as dejinitely ob- lated, The Agitation im Savoy. (Translated for the New York Henatp from the Paris Opiuion Nationale of Feb. 8. While the European press is alreaay busy with Savoy, Savoy is beginning to think of herself. Liberals and clergy, Peparatists apd ant se ‘atists Buccessively indica ther feelings, 80 mucn s0, that this question, the mmportance of whicb the Opintor: Nationale, independent of the religio s press, pointed out some four mouths since, at this mome..t Priveipaily occupies the minds of political men we sara stated what the misunderstanding was tbat caused the attitude of the parties in this question. ‘The clergy to make peace in Piedmont, declared them- selves the partirans of annexation, while the liberals of Savoy, through fear of embarrassiog « government which bag constituted itself the champion of Italy, and aise, it must be said, throwgh @ reaerve on account of France, which explained Dy tbe wadequate degree of Nberty in our institutions, believed they were doing well m gathering round the Kalian fleg, despite the nature which made them Freachmen ‘The position takea some time since by Rowe towards France reems to have caused confusion in the programme of Dattie of tbe parties. To-day the clergy toru against France, while the liberals have mot yet come 1 & more round appreciation of the part which their own opipieva aud Bhi more the interests of their country im pore upon them. If they add to this the natural regret With which the ceding of # province Watwas the cradie of Saromian movarcby will inspire many of the Vied@ontee, Jet them also keep count of the anxiety, the coufusion and tho disorder to which the universaily discarsed question ef the annexation of Nice and Savoy to France will give ree, As for onseelves, we think that in so grave a question We should Leylect political accidents, ephemeral party Mebauvres, and take our decision from # consideration of the permpapent iuteresia of tbe couutres-oncerned—Sar- rps ond France. The toterest of Savoy copnot be disputed. At the outset Savoy Is Frenoh by 1:8 laoguage ana iis geographical po- ob.” Already at this day sbe fipde herself out of place in the Parliament at Torin; bow #ouln it be them shouia ber deputies find themselves asiray and bewildered in a great Atfembly composed pot only OF repreeeuiatives of Pied- Wout, dutalso of those of Lombardy, the Duchies, Tus- any and ‘he Roroaguas? How can th)s French province—separated from italy by the great chu of the Alps, united unreasonably t an Itaban mouxrchy—make her soice beard and her foreign tongne reod in this Italian Parliament? In be- coming French en the contwary, Savoy will find for the eaportauop of her products, for the improvement of ber catural nebes, for the developement of her vatural re- 6 finaity for the tunneling of the Alpe~a work Eady COMIMELCEE—the precious facilities and the km. wense resources of the Freueb appropriations. As tothe votiueal complainte #pich the liberals of Savoy make agamet the present institutions of France, we do not wh to answer them, bow unreasonably \t would De to decwe, ih a question Of this Kind, by circumstantial con- siverations, tat the reuinon of savey to france is a du- radle ana celine thing, and the effeete of whish will re- mien a long sime afver the present legisiation in regard to the prete will Dot exist. But, without appealing w the future, it Appears tv us that, even at this day, the Sevoy ‘berais have wot 60 much to lose as they reckon, im ex- charging their josticu.tons for oars. We do net eee, taking it ail in all, that the journals of Sevoy ere more free and more sasured of their cootinn- ance then those of France. Now, if the Savoyans have nothing to lose upon the paint they have moch to gain ow rcores of cikere The records of the civil state with thew are stiii 1 the hanes of the clergy; civil mar- ‘age dors Dot exist; the public instruction is’ taferior to ‘baton Frapee, Savoy, then, has much to gain by the ADBeXauOR. As w the parties of Pedmont who can believe it an act of patriotigm to oppose the ceasion of Nise aud Savoy, Have tbey reflected vpon the consequences of their posi- wou? Can they believe they are serving tbeir country im persuaciog ber to show berse)f upgrateln! to France? Do they wiab to have it known that Piedmont is two-faced; ‘bet sbe invokes the principle of nationalities whem the Question is being Omcursed Of adsorbing Tuscany, the (ucbice and the Romagnas, but tast ebe doubts the logiti- Macy Of the same priociple when the question of reoog- nignig the services of am ally i considered, and ef giving to Fierce iwo Frevch provinces and her natural fron- ters? Jo tbey find it suttable thet France should shed her blood and yield her treasures merely for the interest of Teaty, without expecting for herself and for the interest of ber tuture security any of those territorial changes which just at this moment are going On npon so grand a tcale initaly to the advantage of Piedmont, under the protection of our bayonets and under the eyes of mighty Austria? That would be to our mind a very sad compre- hension of the interests of Italy that faiied to justice wards France, whose friendship is evidenced by acts ro briiiapt, and who will be for a long time to come Lhe mest powertul obetacle to the ambitious projects and the iesolepee of Austria, We bave heard « vague talk of petitioning the English Parliament against the anvextion of Nice and Savoy. This would be « suggestion doubly unfortubate and doubly injurious, and which would pot stand before reflection. We coubt that the English Parliament would prevent what Piedmonteee patriotism fears, and this appeal to a Power which bas remained neutral and an observer of the war against the ally who took the greatest part in the work, would oe naturally to injure France in public esti- mation, and to cause a coldness towards her on the part of aly, The digressions of patriotism to be excusable are not sometimes the less dangerous for it. ‘We believe wo bave acquired the right of maintaining ibat lecguege amovg @ people whom we love without which they might be mistaken as to the movement which now agitates us. In the first place, in the French press we have aided the war of Italian independence ; but, the war ended, we were equally the frst to reciaim the Ftoration of our southeastern frontier and the annexe- tion of Nice and Savey asa just indemnity for our sacri- fices, 88 @ Decessary compensation for bred im pcrerice of Pawont, as ap equitable application of princi of patiopality so justly aad go eflicaciously evoked on other side of the Alps. We see no motive which can le us to renounce ibis policy, and we have firm confidence that the eminent *tatesmad who at Torin has just taken the direction of latian affairs will understand the propriety and find the rocans, while maneging the susceptibihties of Maly, ef taking up arms for the just claims of France. The Church Temporalities Question. NAYOLEON 8 OFFICIAL REPLY TO THE ENCYCLICAL LETTER OF THE: POPE. The Jowrnal de Fran cfort publishes in full the circular which the French Minister, M. Thouvenel, has addressed to the diplomatic agente of France in reply to the last en- cylical fetter of the Pope. No date is affixed in the above meptoned journal to the document, which runs as fol. lows:— have read the encyclical letter which the Pope has addressed to a!) patriarchs, bi and primates of the Catbolic church, and in which his Holiness, exposing in an exchisive potot of view the ‘and nature of the diffl- culties presented by the existing situation of 7 exborts the pastors aud the faithful of the whole world to employ zealously all their efforts towards the mainte- nance and defence of the rights of the Holy See over that proviree. Not doubting that this document has attracted the seri- ous attention of the governmentof ——,1I consider ft my duty to epabie you to make known how nis Majesty's gov- eri mect appreciates it. 1 wit not for the moment stop to notice the reproaches, more or lees explicit, which are directed by the encycli- ca! letter against the itne of policy followed by the Empe- ror with regard tothe Holy See, in the difficult circum- stances of thee latter times. History, in 'ts impartiality, will one day say whether the responsibility of the events hb have occurred falls on the gover whoee efforts - have deen constantly employed to prevent them, or en ihoge wha, retusing any concession or any reform, and contning themecives in inexplicable inaction, nave al- jewea things to grow worse and worse, until they threaten io reach a point at which the evil becomes go great that it cannot be remedied. What in particular hes attracted the painful attention of hw Majeaty’s government is the forgetfulness of dipio- mastic usages, which, tn so important @ matter, the Court ot Rome olaplayed, oy tri tothe Dela of question which, before all things, be- icBgt 1S " tee wi of atn- t techn bracr, We. ith sentiments cere abd profound Nd Boly EER Be conccience of the clergy, éxclling jour faithful, with respect to an afar the discussion of which can only take place advantageously between government and government. it ie not intended, in fact, to make the slightest en- croach ment on the spiritual power of the Sovereign Pon- ti, nor op the independence required for the exercise of tbat power withia the limits of his rights. Tne question of RKomagua, tow a¢ at other periods, hes arisen from politi- cal circumstances, and it is in its political aspect that we sbould examine it, oy seeking the best means of saisfy- tng nc cesetties in to¢ preseuce of which the Pontifical go- vernment would not Gnd itwelf fatally placed, if, of mmyrudently waiting for the developement of the sttas- tion, it bad listened ) our counsels and seconded our ef- forts. No, whatever a party which does not fear to as- seme the appearance of religious zeal may sey; no, what- ever may be doze to lead tothe belief that the interests of the fatth arc in peril, the question In discussion between the government of bis Holinees and that of the Emperor ia hank God, a purely temporal one. We may therefore oicues It without fatiing it the deference and respect which all France feels ‘Sonored im entertaining for the Farber of the Faithful, and of which his Majesty has al- ways been to be the firet to give the example. T do not hesitate tosay, str, that the Court of Rome has uot been well inapired in endeavoring to establisb, aa the encyclical jetter attempts to do, a sort of indissaiudle conpection between two sorts of interest which cannot be mixed up and confounded without danger. Io the first ages of tbe church, when the tencencies of civilization were soem 1, that confusion was poasible ond ; t was accepted without difficulty by every body. becanse it was in accord with the state of opinion and of men’s consciences, it was thus at the ou'set one of the elements of the powerof the Papacy, an‘ Jt co-ope- rated in the formation and developement of its territorial Fove' Ly. Still, # we interrogate history with atten tion, we shall see clearly that it was not solely by iavox- 1g Motives derives from 1s divine mission, tabg forth, as it were, claims in the ibe Papacy of violence and anarchy, one of the cageniial elements of ir ‘authority. longer on this point of view, from (): That were Ito 4ose Tapeuld to the belief that 1 recon of sncking Ue con Napplcable vo the pre ~ from the pas) ® A om my houghts. am bor: kent times, «| bing is further But I may be eeaited to say that in reqnence of which the Em; sogewred 0 motors Sonn Thas been effoctod acquires moderp separation wn effect: berween the two. domain’ ve ‘ra civil and political one. The xoty See has therefore iteeif ip disaccord not less with the ral spiriiof the \ime than with international rules, by making an appeal to men’s coueeiences in the name of faith, for an interest whieh, when rightly considered, is simply temporal. Tadd that this attempt is far from being supported by {be authority and the precedents of history, Te act, this 8 not the first time that, at periods not far distant from our own, the sitowtion bf Romagna and the posses- scp of that district bave been the subject of political ciseustion., In 1747 the Pope, in consequence of events of which be was obliged as sovereign to accept responsibility, ceded by the treaty of Tolen imo that province to France, end at the game time abandoned the ancient rights of the Holy See to the territory of Avignon; and great as wes the regret be felt at a diminution of bis omams, Pius VI no doubt believed that he might sub sermbe to that convention without failing in his duties as rovereigh Pontiff and a8 guardian of the faith. The two contracting parties were not the only ones who saw in thir aneaction only & temporal act, in no wise encroaching on vligion, The prelimmaries signed at Leoben two months wter between France aud Austria prove that the Court of Vienna oid not think differently from France ou the sub. ect After having maintained during the war close rela ons with the Court of Rome, Austria nevertheless sup ported ap arrangement which awarded to her part of the Stetes of Venetia and indemnified the latter by transfer- rong to them the poesession of the three legations of Ro- wapna, Ferrara and Bologna The treaties of Campo For- mio apd Lonevilie confirmed, iv another form, the separa ben of these provinces, and in the different arrangementa whieh were then entered into it is never soen that the go verpmente which took part in them bad to pa) atten p to the prerogatives of the Holy See as regaros its sp) 1a) power and religious interests If we were to interrogate contemporary history on other points, who would not remember that at the begin- mpg of this century ecclesiastical territories, such ae the tuehopric of Salzburg, the provostsbip of Berchtolegaden , apd the bisboprics of Trent, Brixen and Eichrtadt, served op the demand of Austria to indemnify its Archdukes dis. porsessed ip Italy ¥ With regard to these?Territorities, as ‘or the Legations and for the Electorate of Mentz, no vobidarity was recogulzed between the temporal rights of the possesgor and the interests of religion; the Ecclesias- tical character of the sovereigns was not ‘an obstacle to the combwations which circumstances had rendered no- ceesary. The partcipation of the Court of Vienna in lnese aifferent transactions certainly does not permit re- garding them a8 an application of new principles for the use of France. Nothing can be a better proof of this {ben what occurred some years later. Pope Pius VIL war seturping to Rome, and resuming the exercise of his wwporal power, when, by asecret treaty signed at Naples on 11th January, 1814, the Emperor Francis, ish @ view 10 attaching King Joachim to the cause of Kuropean coalition, epgaged, * in orcer to procure ‘1m @ strong military frontier in accord with the political secessities of the two Powera, to assure to him an addi ner, to the extent of 400,000 ous, to be taken from the man Stares, and to lend bis good offices to obtain the ousent and sanction of the Holy Father to that conces ug, therefore, the principle of partitioning the Lega- “pe Bhd even the Marches between the kingdom of eples and Austria, wos plaiuly lnid down, and its applica. on appeared xo independent of every other circumstance ut im the folowing year we see the King of tne Two cher. when restored to the Neapoljas throne, endeavor- og to maintain tor pw own acvantage the clause which -e Dave just cited. Austria, on her side, was more Buc- cesfe] ip ber pretensions, s# she retained at the expense © Boly See part of the Legation of Ferrara on the left 01 ibe Po, 2 territory which had never belonged to State of Venice. Tne Pope proteste’ in vain against shat arrangement, a8 be protested agaipst the won-restita- ‘on of the county of Avignon and of the territory of ma to the Holy See. His demands, which be Dazed oth On ancient rights and on reasoss of utility to tbe huseh, Were not wdmitted by tbe Powerg, and we shall vot be contradicted by the doouments relating to the nego- avons of 1815, if we acd that Romagos had then very parrow escape from remaining separate om the Pontificia! Sates. More than one com- pation conceived in that sonse was bronght ward in the Congress of Vienna; and tt wel) known that Prassia, for iostauce, proposed to dis. oe of the Legations in favor of the King of Saxoay, who vould heave receivea them as a compensation. Jt was ©! without difficulty that the Pope succeeded in retaning bem and in making the righi he invoked prevail over op pion, 6 Worthy of remark, adopted by the Pleni- riarice, that the Legations were at the dispogal of the \ises by right of conquest. In any cage, the discussion 8 tothe Roman States was constantly maintained even y the Catbohe Powers, in ao order of considerations ex jusively temporal. sir, the sole argument I wish to draw from ihe 1 have cited, ead which prove to what exwnt ihe doctrine advanced in the Ist encyclical letter, if it be at present in conformity with the fdeas of the court of Rome, is in contradiction with the most positive data of politics. I have ao intention of drawing from it ergu Ment against the acknowledged rights of the Ioiy See; but Ihave felt bound t furnish you with the means of rectifying sround you the erroneous impressions which might tend to represent an opinion emitted on a temporal question ag an attack on the imprescriptible and sacred prerogatives ot the Catholic church. THOUVENEL. van AMERICAN INTERESTS IN PARLIAMENT. The American Coasting Trade and British Shipping. In the House of Commons on the 16th ultimo, Mr. Lippe. asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Afaira -hether the opinion of the law officers of the crown had deen taken upon the American law of 1848, which con- erred exclusive privileges upon American vessels en- gaged ip the trage between New York and California, titber by Panema ar by Horn, aud defined such 10 be a coasting voyage; whether the exclusion of British ape foreign ebips from any participation ina coasting trate, 80 defined, was or war not a violation of the treaties in force between this country and America, which stipu- luted for a reciprocal liberty of commerce; and whet bere was any objection to produce copies of all corres- pondence that had taken place between the British and American | ce rnmexts upon the subject. Lord J. Rusgxu. said the opinion of the law officers of the crown was taken generally whether the trae carried on between New York and California could properly be called @ coasting trade, and they considered that it was a coasting trade. With regard to the question whether the xclusion of British ships from that trade was a violation of the treaties between this country and America, the American government suid they were pronibited from ad mitting our ships by the articles of their constitation. They admitted the treaties for equality of trade, but they d that by their constitution, in the way they under- stuod tt, they could not grant the coasting trade to Great Britain. The honorable gentleman would see that it was vardiy possible to dispute with them as to the meaning of (heir own constitution, but her Majeaty’s government had everal times applied to the American government to give Great Britain the same privileges which wore granted to (hem, and especially that trade in which the cargo was unloaded, carried across the Isthmus of Panama aud shipped on board another vessel. It did not appear to the British government that in any sense of the word that could be properly calied a coasting trade. Sear, hear.) Lord Lyons had brought the subject under the notice of General Cass, who replied that he would take the opinion of the Treasury about it. The honorable ventieman would see that, as the correspondence was gomng on, it was imposrible to give it at present. He had ‘arefully considered the question as to whether it was a violation of treaties, and altbough it might not be a vio: ‘ation of treaties, at the same time it was a great disap pointment after what the honorable gentleman would re- collect were the esate of airy ogeidee aap io 1849, when we pro} to rej ie Navigation laws. Mr. ‘Brancroft, who was tben the American Minister in ibis country, stated to Mr. Labouchere, the President of he Board of Trade, “If you are liberal, we shall be liberal; if you give much, we shall give much; if you give all, we sball give all.” (Cheers) Jt was only just to that the American government did give equivalent ac vantages on passing the Navigation act; but, although « 1854 we threw open the coasting trade, what had been Jone by them in thatrespect was still very unsatisfactory. (Bear, hear.) The Northwestern Boundary Question. BRITISH SETTLEMENT ON RED RIVER—OHARTER OF THE HUDBON’S BAY COMPANY. In the House of Lords, on the 13th of February, the Far] of Carnarvon inquired what was the intection of her Majesty's government with regard to the adminisiration 1 the Reo River settlement and those parts of the Sas- *atchewan districia recommended by the commitice of Gouse of Commons be to be withdrawn from the juris aay expired lh ‘and “her Majealy’s government Seca Mit at powered of an Petitions were from them praying for very extensive alterations ‘0 the form of the local government and the general ad- miputration of the country. It appeared the set'lement, saying that though he had no 8! ny for pecs insunauons, he thought that theo oa might avs, from shorr necessity, to give thetr allegianc: Umied Stair, ad that the only ca ban remedy for tue present unsatistactory state was opening a'cow- munication from Fort William to Lake Suj atan carly decision with regard wg the river, which was fit for colonizetion; and shoud, as far as he was eble, adopt measures with the viow of bringing the scattered parte of the colony more jn con- nection with cach r. This was more s question of policy than of expenditure. According to the iast report of Mr. Dawson the cowntry posrorsed great nataral re- sources, which could oaly be rendered fully avatladie by a wite system of colonization. ‘The Duke of Newcasrie said his noble friend inquired ‘first what had been done in consequence of an act passrd \aet scaxion im reference to the government or what bad hitherto been tha licensed territory of the Hutson Bay Company. Their icrcebips would recollect that on the YORK HERALD, MONDAY. MARCH 5, 1860.—TRIPLE SHERT. second reading of the bill he (the Doke of Newoastle) maid Pre Gee eet Mao etcntion U6 neat) beseat Me powe « it necessary to do so, He was anxtous te disturb as litle as possible what existed in the territory, am ‘under the act unless there y for them. The noble earl speke as if the Hudson Bay Company was pt away when their license expired in May ast; but Swept away, it practically remaine |, ih notion of the company was primitive and patriarok- jh NOt established in exact legal form, juri al; and thou it was sufflcifit to preserve peace und order among the patives of the district. That power, such as it was, still existed, and jntil there was a greater population in Brita Columbia, the colony was more settled, he thought it would be beser to postpone bringing the act into opera, tion. He adjnitted at onee that if, in consequence of th expiration of the license of the Hudson Bay Company, traders bad {troduced Ci rig among the natives, and thus: ied to a atatgof things which ought to be repressed, her Majesty’s gqverpment might deem it incumbent u. them to inteffere, Many gentlemen had offered bim their rervices to @t as magistrates in that district, but he had not accepted their offers. The noble ear! also asked what steps bad tyen taken with regard (o the administration of the Red Riyer settlement, but he must be mistaken as to the presjpt state of things there, as the Colonial Office in possession of any information of suc vest a8 he had described. vens of the United States had wandered across the bouniarvs of their cow and entered thete Terrviorves there could be no doubt, but he had no knowledge of any pro- ceedings jtencing to create an apprehension of evil comequences. As regards practical mea saree, npting definite had yet been done, but no time Imi yet been lost Until within a very reeent period thry possessed really little information as to the jana avaiable for colonization. twas only tires or four weeks ago when they received the conclading portion of Capt. Harrigon’s report, which bore very importantly on ine subjeet; bus thoy had now also the valuaole report of Mr Dawson, ® Capucian gevtleman, who had devoid much avention to jt. At present the Rel River eettiement was exq@edipgly small, and he apprehensed that when ¥ the crown took on {tseif the responsi lity of govern ig it, it would be desirable to extend the existing boundarie ‘oa tomsiderable degree An important reason why ther shouls be vo burry in dealing with this question was to be ‘ound ja the fact that pians jor opening up communica tious between the offferent rottlements bad to be consi dered He entertained savguine bopes that the schemo of Mr. Dawson might be carried out. It bad already met with great encouragement in Capada, and he belicved it would be worthy tbo approval of the imperial govern ment Ifitsbeuld be carried out it would tend more to the good colonizauion and settlement of toose districts than any other scheme that could be devised, With respect to what was to be cone for the future settlement of those districts, his noble friend must be aware that the first step must be an arrangement with the Hudson Bay Company, watch up Aer its charter, exercisee a power sand jariediction over them. He conid assure the Houre it was bis earnest de sire to arrive at that gettlemeat with the Hudson Bas Company by amicable means, ani be had every hope that such means would prove successicl. Tn the course of the lagt session papers were tai on thotable in which were certalp communications which hed taken place between the Governor of the ai retary and among them was a uavouchere or Wo Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, but be thought the latter, in which the company professed their williogness to give up their juriediction over the country, with a view of pro- moting tis settlement from the Red River tothe Saskatcho Wan on equitable terms. It would be necessary in the Ore! place to ascertain what those equitable terms would be Having now before them as nuch information upon the subject a8 tary wore hkely to obtain, he hoped the resuly of the amicabio arrangement which he was desirous o! conctuding with the Hudgon Bay Company would accom pllsh this very desirable object without litigation. If 80, the next step would be to devise some simple form ot government; and ehould legislation be uccessary for thx purpore, it was of course most desirable that it shou! lake place this seasion. The Failure of the United States Govern- ‘What John Bull Thinks of Le-~ Blsletive Decoram tn England dthe United StatesIs Republicanism Suype- rior to a Monarchy. {From the London Times, Feb. 17.) ‘The Congress of the United Statesfhas for tne last two wontbs presented a epectacle by po means ooifying ww those who are determined to see nothing but what ia ex- celient on the other side of tho Atlantic. It was only on the Ist inst., after a session which commenced on the first Mor in December, that the Honse of Representatives w je to conatitute s majority sufticiently large for the election of a Speaker. It was not that the Speaker ig of any particular consequence when he is sppointed, but that the House is £0 split up by faction that neither side woul make this slight concession to the other. The Speaker i elected for two years only, and is not, as with us,@ candidate for elevation to a postot dignity and honor After tho Congress shal! have expiret, the Speaker will return to the ranks of bis feilow citizens with on}y Such distinction as the manner in which he has dis charged his duty may bave earced for him. Whichever Fige might succeed, nobody doubted that it would have placed in the chair a gentieman fully competent to the dis charge of his and it was therefore inexcusably childish to waste the sersion in disputes the rosuit of which was certain to be utterly trivial. We must not, however, commit the error of comparing the disorganization and disorder of pubiic busincas which this delay will cause in the United Siates, to that which would occur if we were to forbear for two months to name a Speaker for the House of Commons. With us the finasce of the year would be shipwrecked, & number of valuable laws would remain unenacted, ab enormous quantity of private buaincse, involving the Taost important pecubiary intcresis, would remain undone, and the session would be absorbed in the fruitivss attempt to overteke the time so needlessly cast away No such results need be apprebended—at least to anything tike the came extent—from tho abstraction of two movthe from the session Of the American Congress. Instead of baying to traptact the whoie buainess of au empire, the American Congross is limited to certain func tions delegated vo it by the govereign States, whose union it represents, abd these functicns are neither very naine. rous bor very Complicated, J! may be thought that Con gress has ap immense deal to do in reguiating the flnance of # great abd industrious people, and in solving the nu merous probiems of legislation which bajile the timid wiateemen of old communitics trammelied by inveterate ‘traditions and lorded over by monarchies and aristocra cies. No mistake can be more complete. It takes a vas: ceal of oratory to spin out the session and to il! up the requisite period allotted to deliberations by which nothing is decided. The Assembly, at least, which bas no execu. tive duties to perform, leads a telerably easy Jife until io the lest week or two, and, under the stifling heat of a Washington summer, it hurries through, in an almost continuous evesion, the work that shouid pro- perly bave been spread over many months. The fact is, the federal Legislature docs rot enjoy in America any: thing like the importance, nor does it exercise the in- fluence, of the English Parliament. The void which it would create were it to disappear ether is one that it would be by uo means impossible to fll up. Wheace artees tbis remarkable difference?’ Partly, as we have shown, from ibe more restricted jurisaiction of Congress. but partly also from is different reiation towards the head and members of the executive government. In Eogiand the executive springs out of end forms a part of the Par bament, and the legisialive and administrative functions are eo happtiy blended together that cach gives s:rength and consideration to the other. The executive is reapect- ed not only for the functions it performs, but because without possessing the contitence of Variiament it coulit Lot become or continue the executive, and the Legista ture derives additional strength from the fact that it not only makes the jaws, but exercizes a complete con trol over those who are to administer them. Thus each in turn assists the other, and the Executive and Legislature, acting in harmony with each other, and m:tuaily de ven dent, are far stronger tban they would be if they dis. charged their seweral functions without concert and int: mate relation. Battin America the case is entiroiy diff rent There the execntive government dorives its origin from ove direst popular vote, and Congress derives itsorigin from another popular vote.” Neither has any obligation to consult the wishes, because neither depends upon the sup- port, of the other, They are co-ordinate powers, and may, and generally do, exercise their functions each without re- ference w the otber. Hence it happens that, mstead of strengthening each other, they are in tarn causes of weak nees, that the Eacculive is feeble for want of the sanction of the Legislature, and the Legislature inert for want of the di- rectum and stimulus afforded esutive. ‘The superiority of the English form of government i¢ so obvious, and the inconvenience of an executive go- verpment which, as often bappens in America, is iu & minority in the two Houses of Legislature is ro glaring, that our colonies have not hesitated, one and al), to pra- fer the English to the American system. They have adopted responsible goverument by acclamation, and are at present in {ts fo)l enjoyment, Their experience, how ever, suggests the gravest doubts whether they will be able t, retain the principle #0 eagerly canght at of the direct responsibility of the Executive to the Leg'slature. ‘The system has proved not #0 easy to work a8 it appeared at first, and bas given us not a iittle reason to admire the forethought and prudence of the men who framed the American constitution, American statesmen saw that, though the English sysiem might be the best, It was one that could 30, ve cugiafied OD 8 constitution pee détidaratic, Tho Legilaiaze whigh is to be intrdbted with the delicate tack of making aid unoisking the Executive government, while abstaining from the ruin- ous error of usurping executive functions — its own yaa se which ool caarcted a a capable an a 4 the hatrtual ewerctse of moderation for Such land in the highly demoeratic constitution of their Leginia- tures will find themsalves driven to apply the same remedies to the same evils, and forced by the intolerable instability of successive governments to give them a curation, and thus effect a final divorce between legislative and executive powers. In the meaawbile, we have good reason to congrawalate ourselves] that we have not, instead of our present Parliamentary government, a bard of officials unconnected with Parliament, and holding ice, whether popular or unpopular, epctent or inefficient, for @ fied t-1%m Of years. The War in Morocco. PROPOSITIONS FOR PEACE FHOM THR MOORS—WILL SPAIN CONTINUE THE WAR? Marshal O'Donnel! was actively eogaged in forwarding the preparations, apa in reconnoitring the country sur- rounding Tetuan, He bad received eleven delegates, sent by Muley Abbas toa k op what condition peace would be re-establish- ed. Marshal O'Donnell replied that the Qaeen sione bad the right to tx the conditions of peace. He bad, bowever, rent = messenger to Maarid on the subject. ‘The public episitin Spain was warlike, A Madrid de- epatch of the Hith ult. emye that Gen Ubtariz bad left for Fp o hearer of the conditions upon which peace wil) ranted Corrapmd@ens Autegrafa believes the war will con- ue. MAGNIFICENT BALL AT THE WINTER PALACE IN 97 3 AFFAIRS IN RUSSIA, Court Fa: Rassia, PETERSBURG— SPLENDID SCENE OUT OF DJIORS ARRIVAL OF TBE CZAR, THE EMPRESS AND GRAN( DUKES—APFEARANCE OF THE KOYAL BALL ROOM THE DANCES AND DKBSSHS—THE EMPRESS AND Hb: GUESTS AT SUPPBR-NEGRO SERVANTS ON HAN ETC. The following account of the | all which recenily tool: place in the winter palace of the Ozar, at St. Petersburg will deeply interest the geveral pubiic:— Op the Place Alexandrine, which was carpeted with » mantic of snow, Were stationed numerous equipyges Te cold was go intense as to have frozin to death (arisier horses and coacbmen, bat not revere enough for thy Nar Russians to kindle the usual fires under the “Chines Mmoeques near the winter palace. The trees ne or ta miralty, sparkling with boar frost, looked lik» imvoen white feathers bursting out from tbe ground, au tho waake pace of the triumphal pillar was whit sod to bd strikingly resembled a sugar-cone; the men cs @ pure, shed ite cold light on this nocturnal palenes» and gave a blue fantastic tinge to the crowd of quit whose frozen lanverns and polar-looking lights ston and there hike yellow points over the immensy expa Beyond, the coloreal winter palace presented its: if, windows radiant with light, aud having the appearance of AU enormous mountain pierced with holes and illuminate: from within by volcanic fires. Perfect eilepce prevailed. The severity of the climat: prevented the immense crowd which in France would i faliibly have flocked to witness xo great a file; and eve had thousat of spectators been th the space befor: the palace 1s so vast that they would bave been scatiere! and lost ih ite inimensity, A sledge apjcared, traversed diagonally the snowy mantle over the lengthened shatow of the Alexandrio: Column, and then disappeared ta the dark street sepa rating the Winter Palace from the Hermitage, whore werkt bridge gives it tomewhat the appearance of the Cauat Ja Paille at Venice. ‘A few mivnt’s afterwards. an eye—we will imagine | for opce net meorporates with a body—darted along « cornice belonging te a gallery of the palace. The rows of wax ligbts p'apted tp the niches cust so brilliant a oiance as elfvetnally to prevent its fueble glimmer beiay in the slightest degree perceptidle. Light evncealer | better than darkness; it became ost in the diaze of sur rounding brilliancy. The galiery viewed from that point extenied far a: seep, with its polishea columns, its waxed Hoor glittering with the reflection of gold ond ight, tts pictures occupy ine eed tbe pillars, the subjects of which © was IDpossIble to deerD, owing to the immense lengt Splenuid weitorms and flowing vourt cregees were alriss !y 10 be seen there, By degrees Wve Lumbers increased, and, stream, flowed along the ga! lery, alreaoy become too Bmall, notwithstan ting 18 colo# ea) dimensious Every oye was directed towards the door at which th sovereign Was to make his appoarance. Suddenly th are thrown oven, and the Bmperor, Emprees an ane Dukes traverse the gallery, ip the aaitst of tr guests has ily ned in WO OWS, LIB Mejesty address Jog Occasionally & few words to war ivUe persoas a! diatine von, with @ noble and af Phen the impern Aroup dikappeared shrough posite to the Oue ui which they bad entered, folewed ata respectfat distance: by the grand diguitaries of The State, the dislomatic corps, and Various penerals and courts Seareely bad the curtéze enter ose was likewieo wel ¢ ‘The air was a could ahwort have (imagine réle of light ran along the cornices; in the embrasure of the windoss capdelabres 8 thousand arms parned briliantly; numerous chapcelicrs and lastrer sescended from the ceiling in the form of constellations shedding around a phosphorescent hgbt; and the mingling of these various lights formed the most perfect ilu mupation a gino which haa ever cast its rayson ap warthiy tic. i The tiret impression on looking down upon th's im menee gulf of light wes a fevhng of giddinces For the vent, What with the odors, the rays, irradiations, y Hectons, the dazzling ct of the wax candles, mirrors, gold, dlamonss, precious stones, rich dregses, &e., it was impoesibie to disunguish anythiog. The scivtliating ap- pearance prevents your catching any distiuct form, but ihe eye bY Gegreek accustoms itkeif to the blaze of light so thst the dancing specks frolicking bafore its spectrum, ag when looking on the etn, gradvatly disappear. In a short time you are able to take in the idea of the hail to ts immense grandeur, epiendia in marble aud white #lucco, in jasper, porphyry, and Babylonian architecture ‘The kaleidoscope, with fs compartments of variegated colors, ever changing and forming themselves ia new oegigpe—the chromatrope, with its ilations and contrac hops, when # star becomes a flower, Wen transforms its yetalb into the points of a crown, and ende by whirhng oupd a8 ® Son, passing from tae ruby tw the emerald, from the emerald to the amethyst around a centre of osamonds—these alone, exaggerates & thousand times, are capable of giving even a faint idea of this moving parterre of gold, jewels and flowers, ever changing, and its ara- besque Bgures rendered ali the more brilliant by tho inceseant agitation. Ou the eutruncs of the imperial family the sparkling masse stood still, aud then it became possible to distinguish the various pertonages aud countenanees, notwithstanding the surrouncing britiancy. In Russia court balls are opened by a polonaise. This can scarcely be styled a dance, but is a kind of prome- nade, a procession, a marche cuz flambeauz, graceful and characteristic. The arsembled guests divide, so as to leave free, in the midst of the bull room, @ lovg space, of which they form the two sides. When all are ready the orchestra strikes up a slow majestic, rhythmical, measure, and the promenade commences, Tne Emperor leads off, por sons by the hand a princess, or any other lady on whom he wishes to confor especial distinction. The Emperor Alexander II was dressed in an elegant wiiitary costame, admirably adapted to show off to the best advantage his noble, full, well proportioned Ggure. It conzisted of a kind of tunic, or white jacket, descend- ing d mi cuisse, d brandenbourgs d'or, the coilar aud wrists bordered with Siberian biue, and decorated with stars of the Lighert orders; sky blue pantaloons, fitting close, and the feet cased in thia boots. The Emperor wore his hair cut short, exposing to view bis smooth, high and majeetc furebead, His features, regularly perfect, appear modeled as if on purpose to be transferred to (he bronze figure or the medal; the blue color ot his eyes is seea to advantage ngaizet the brown tinge of the countensuco—a beaithy hue he bes acquired by frequent jourueyings and exercige in the open air. The form of his mouth is beau tifol as a Grecian sculpture, and his countenance ts cha racterised by a nobleness of expression, relic ved occasion- ally by 2 amile affable and full of grace ‘the Roya) family are succeeded by the high officers of the army and palace, each gran’ dignitary conducting a Jady by the hand. And now follow no end of uaifurms covered with gold, epauviettes starred with diamonds, decorations and precious stoner causing the breasts their owners to glitter with ight Some, the most ele. vated in favor ana rank, wear an orcor still more friendly and Gistoguished—viz , the portrait of the Emperor set in briillanis; but these favored oes ure rare and can be counted, The cortege continuce its march, and swells its numbers emroute. A gentleman steps from the ranks on either ace, and presents bis hand to a Indy; the new couple take their places in tho ceitle, acjust their step to the rhythm, now accelerating, now slackening thelr pace. it is uct’ easy to promenace thus, holding each other by the Ups of the fingers, aod standing the fire of a thousand coony ironical spectatore; the shybtest embarrassment of countenavee, the most frifiing até wardness with the feet, the most imperceptible departure from strict timo, all 18 woticed and remarked by the lokers on. Military man- vers gave Dany men; but bow difficult it is for the women! And yet tho greater part acquit themselves admirably, and of many it might be sad, Bt vera incessu patuit dea. They #wim lightly aiong under their feathers, flowers, and diationda, either modestly casting down their eyes, oy gazing round with an air of perfect innocence; ma nauvring, by gentle ixtlexious ot the body or turn of the foot, so as to be unimpeded by their trains of silk or ince; refreabing themacives by an occasional use of the fan, and feeling as much at their ease as if walking alone ip 80me Boiltary alley of aseciuded park. To waik with a noble, graceful, simple air when all «yes are di rectoc towarcs you i# nO easy matter; many great ac- even, have never accomplished it pearance of orig nality percepub'e in the Russian Court is greaiy inéreaced by the circumstance that yourg Ou cassian prince, with his siender figure and costly oriental cree, cocasionaliy joins the cortége, or elge a chief of the Levghicos or a Mougrelian officer, whoec soldiers stil retain for their arms cf offence and defence the bow apd quiver ani shield. Concesed under the white kid glove of civilization, the smuli Asiatic hand, accustomed to the use of foreign weapons, etroiches fteelf out to grasp that of the Europena priccess Gr countess. Tals appears to sstonieh no one; in short, what 13 more patural than Vout a Mungrelian or Mahotnedae priace should walk the polonatee wrth @ noble lady of Bt. Votereburg belonging to the orthodox Greek Ghurelie Are they not both subjests af the same Emperor? The utiforme anc gala dreeses of the men are 60 bril- Hart, rich and varied, #o ioad:d with gold embroidery and decorationg, that the women, consiawntly with mo. cern clegance and present fashions, flod it difficult wo compete with such magsive splendor. Not being able to surpass them in richness, they strive to do eo by beauty their expoged necks and shoulders are worth all the plates of gold. To vie with the splendor of the male sex they must, like Byzantine Madonnas, bo dressed in robes of elamped gold and silver, breast plates of jewels, and or- paments raidiant with diamonds, But hay would it be possible to dance with the contents of a goldsmith’s shop upon the ee But do not imagine a too primitive simplicity. Those timple robes are of aa , and the two or three ekirts are more costly than 4 tunic of goid or silver. Those bouquets on the tarletan or gauze dress are fast ened with ee ree hth wes of Ge volvet rikbon is composed aetone which you migut imagine to bave been detached from the Czar’s crown. What can be conceved more bere peed ae dresa of tatle or moire antique with rows of pearls and & correspon: bead dress! Sore pours ore worth tas Nawarea Gave eand roubles; for pever have specimevs of finer shape or depths of the ocean the Dall room than the this tame with @ gonc 9 of light ant heat the place on fire A etic; they are quadrilios, walte 8, Tedowas—'he same Cd Lome erie Vien fact, everywhere grand mo: le; if wee: a at ast, the masurka, which ia danced at Se. Potersbarg. a markabie, viz: tho Firat Secretary of the Austrian Em- barsy, iv Dis splendid dress ae Hungarian and ube Ambaseador of Greece, attired a ‘Grecian turban and costume. After ap bour or two spent in gazing, the eye trans- ported dwelf into another apartment, whence to ‘sounds of the orchestra and th» vague murmurs of the srtemblygwere but faintly distinguishable. becurity reigned jn this bal) of gigantic di i which the guests were to assemble for supper. cathedrals are of less extent. At the further end were © be geen, through the dimpess, long white rows CM mes ‘wt the corners of wbich gigantic masses of silver ob uncertain light. In silent activity the footmen and “uilers, ip ful) Livery, moved htber and thither; the ma- jor domos and head cooks were giving the last toveh to \beir gastronomical prowuctions. A few lights glimwered © Ibis vast expense here and Were, hike solllary stars; but Wnumerable wax lignts lowed the chandeliers an ‘ued tbe irises and niches of the arcales Contrasting, in their whiteness, with the brancbes that bore thom, ey looked hke pistils bureting fort from the calyx of @ flower, or stalactites trozen in cave; but as yet BO ap- pearance of flame glimmered at their points. A mur MUFIbE DOIso a8 Of OVerfowing waters, was heard; it was ‘he aseembied guests approaching the banquet room, The Emperor sppeared on We threshold, sud we change was ustantaneods It was ag if ® magica! command bad gone lorte—siat luz. A sudtie flame spresa from taper to ta jer With the rapidity of Lightning; light burst forth in an Grtabt, aud the immense halt was driiiuntly iltumowwd, 8 with @ noopeay gun, This suddem traverion from jeDUmOre to ihe moet dazzling brillavce revembies what Wo read of as occurring in (wiry laud. In our matter-of- leet Bee Cvery Proc gy, however, must be expimmed. fhreacs ot cotton steeped in ao inflammable liquid ran from jet W jet, aod these, ignited at various places, caused ne tame to spread antaeously The same method is cmpluyed in kKinoiog the lustres Of the churoh of Bt. Irmec, where the oo) tog thieals wave over the beads of the faitoful hike aepider’s wb Gus, 8O common iD Parise and London, }s vet used in ilvmustng the Winter Paiace—there, pure Wax tapers wioue are tolerawd. [bis only Russia where the bees coutrivule go largely to the production of light Tne Ewprees, with several pers nages of high distine- Hon, took ber seat at thé prine.pal tabic erected on @ dais. Behind ber giliee chair buret forth, nke & gigantic floral Drework, av immense bouquet of wnive camellias and Hee, tbe color of the Jattor subdued by reilccting ayaipst tbe surrounding white marble. Twelve uegroes ol Imposing Stature, chosen from the Doeet Afeican racer, apd dressed dla Mameluke, axcended aad desended the AwPS of the Has, returuiog or receiving plates tram tne servants, and moving about with au agiity and grace pecudar to the Orievials, even when eogaged in servile oflices, Othello, baving forgotten bis Desdemona, played bis part majestically at tes Ruropean jeast, and leat WO it & peculiay glamp of pure Asiaie character ‘Ibe guekis, ib the meanime, seated themselves pro- migouously at the tube Roe gold and silver “ery represent nological # ur taotesueal groups Of flosers, Oranmentet the can eladras aiterbaling With pyramids of fruu8 and superh épergnes. Viewed from above ihe guarkilog pase of cryslals, poree , Hlver, flowers, &e , Bnona te dev thao i even m Dlow. A double ro Quats, spar with diamonds aod exvelo, fhe tapiee which graze bolo sid v invisible eye ential heate. jeathere acd Emperor went sino, then a few words WeUDghieh, occasion itt & wines tinevons elsewhere jog wis Wps vebow@ the same dis- a few moments are whys regarded Alter suppor dea he mght was alreasy tar advan the dancing Abe merely are for & mere Bye! edge, which bat oor ip the gtrcet 45 id, be Hermitage, reayy pouree then to the Church of St. Insaco, a isso aud fur € iB O*uer as to reader the heavens wore: arth, an RN! Orm cap, $0 compiotel eountenaice Ux ped lighted the eky w in tha. fitful coruscatons extingnished even ery stare with ite phoeporescent raviatone The Pair of Novogored, ONE HUNDRED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF OS EXBIBIT D, aesager du Midé cou A letter from 8%. Peterburg im the tas the following details of the las wi Nyjol Novo~ yorod:— ‘The total amount of me estimmied at 105 mi tal representing the to 200 mikions. To w country ha sia, Arme brovght go The total v to the fair is ); the capi- nig anouned anciive brow, oubles (4 fr those from the colonies was 10,904 800 roxbles, of winch salva were ef- fected tor the sum of 9,366,000 roo bie. ‘be amoant of Rostian merchandise was 76,714,000 roubies, the sales only being for 4,541,060. Tne value of the tea brought to the fair wee 8,976,000 roubles, but the gales only umounted to 136,000, neil Prospects of the Russian Em- pire. St. Petersburg accounts state that the flasactal position of Rutesia coutipues to be a sab} ct of much anxiety, and thet the question is whether the means of relief are to be found in @ loan or by some othergmethiod. Toe result of the eon- version of bank bills mio five per cent sick bas been the withdrawal of about £42,000,000 of there bilia from Circulation, an the run for moncy consequent upon the Teduction of interest from three per cent to two, bas obliged the Bank to pay off an aiditional £22,000,000, making a to:al of about £64,000,000 converted of can- celled out of the £125,000,000 originaliy in the bands of the public. Of the balance now ouletanting it te estimated that a large proportion belongs to the agricultural clases, and others who are not likely to ask fur paymeut; but, Jooking at the quantity for which provision may still haye to be made, and the existing excess of the ordiuary note Circulation, the fact is admitted that a heavy amount will be required to restore the currency from the serious dis~ count at which it has 80 long stoo’. Tost loan will be raised if the money markets of London ant Paris are found to aamit of such an operation is not doubted. bat the recent depression that has prevailed here from the Crain of bullion to India, has tended, among the commer- cial classes at St. Petersburg, to chock apy sanguine feel- ingon that point. The Bankruptcy of Austria. Pesth (Feb. 3.) correspondence of London News.] e Btate of the Austrian empire aad the degree of con- fidence in its stability cannot be more graphically de scribed than by the following offigialjetatement, which shows the amount of the bullion in ine Anstnan bank, ofthe bank notes in circulation, and of the discount of the notes, at the periods specified in the statemept:— Bullion, Bank Noles. Discount, Jan. 1,1869, (before New Year’sspeech)£10,500,000 £38,700,000 1 percent. Feb. 1, 1869. + 10,500,000 2 per cent. March’, 1859. 10,500,000 3 por cent. ‘Aprii 1, 1859, 10,500,000 5 per cont. May 1,'1859, (decia Tation of war).... 10,100,000 81 per cent. June 1, 1869. 9,000,000 BO0,000) 4 duly 1, 1869..., 7,908 000 45,800,000 August i, 1869, (after Viliafrans 7,800,000 46,660,960 7,700,000 47'800,000 7,900,000 47,290,990 19 per cunt. 7,900,000 47,600,000 20 per cent. 47,400,000 24 per cent. Jan. 1, K 46,600,060 23 per cent. Jan. 26, 1840, 008 48,500,060 85 per cant. Feb. 1, 1860. 8,000,600 48'680,000 33 per cent. Since the bank notes are the only circulating mediam, and the hank ig net bound and does not redeem the nowe, whilst rents and iutcres'#, annuities, ant any sort of pay. ment muat be accepted in bank notes, which are the legal tender, you fee that the depreciation of the notes roba the capitalist, annuitant, public officer aud landowner just of one ful) third of their income. Again, we see that in spite of the pacific declarations of the Emperors both of France and Austria, the divtruat is #0 great a3 to keep the discount at thirty three per ceut, tough 9% the bith in- stant the first instalment of the Lombard indemnity” money Salis due at Varia with £300,000, ts be followed by further ten bi-monthly inatalmeats of £320,000 more. ‘This ought to be an inducement for Austria to keep the peace for noarly two years. Still we see everywhere such preparations a8 autborize us to believe that the Em- peror of Austria believes im war, and wishes it. Am re- §8rCs taxation, sat and tobacco sre goverpmeut monopo- es; there is a heavy excise on wine, thougn the land is already taxed on which it grews; o2 on Deer, and on butchers’ meat Coffee oy and suger pay heavy import duties, and the land tax fe ingupportabie. ‘From tp pal taxer, the tilegal exactions of the government officials, the blackmail which we are obliged to pay to the gend- armes that they sbould not intrude on our privacy ant not denounce us a8 ‘politically dangerous persons, and the periodical extortions under the name of voluntary loans, patriotic subscriptions for raising volunteers, for the wounded soldiers of Solferino and Magenta, or, aa was the case in 1856, contributions for loyal demonstrations ji honor of bis Majesty’s visit to Hungary, which, fully dectined by the gentry, have seta been the county of Al under the name of of = tax Jolcing (fr ‘). Tho result of such ministration 1 the genera! ruin of midd! sufficient for explaining the universal trian role, and the unanimity of all classes of tbe i ft. But instead of compensating ‘oppreerion by political liberty, i A bil troys every veatige of it, and even under their present or deal clrcamstances they adhere to their repressive system. THE VERY LATEST. Lospon, Feb. 18—A. M. ‘THE CHINESE DIFFICULTY ‘Tho London Star says it has reason to believe that the government are in possession of recent intelligence from Pexin, by way of St. Petersburg, to the effect that the Emperor of China is disposed to make every reasonable concession for the purpose of averting further hostilities, and that if these pacific dispositions are met in an honora- bie spirit by England, afl further contest may be avoided. THE BUDGET AND THES CABINET, A leader inthe London Herald indicates the line of argument that wil} probably be taken by the conservative party in support of Mr. Ducane’s amendment. ‘The London Herald complains that we are going out of