The New York Herald Newspaper, March 5, 1860, Page 3

perod by the” Allies tm the rtton of two fe one; notwithsteading which eg vaanten was oaly Ubrough the def ction of the Séxen and Wurtem- ‘ilaries who deserted the standard of France at wet crivcal moment. The success of the Prussian erger ization im 1812 and '14, therefore, must rather be fosked upon ai an exceptional’ case, as the result of a f0r- wnetion of fortuitous circumetagees, than aa aa umebt mm favor of the system. were demorahzed hy repeated disasters, exbansted Dy berg were, ans cager fr peace ant repose; tho Ger fax» were tired with patriots enthusiasm, encouraged oy t defeats ifiicted upon the enemy, and backed | one ea) ot Europe W tao igs is the very reverse of and | reliictantly gh sod the loom, the writing desk and the lecture room, would stand liste chance if Itted against the wie nso Napoleow Il z mar We ele vith the usages of @tviiized Hife, t will be abe weeary to have @ easie of warriors; ail attempis to replace it by a epecies Of citizen soidiersbip MUAL necessarily prove fallacious, and the sooner the Prorsians get rid of thei preseat system, and adopt something approaching more elusciy to the Freuch, the better 16 wil! be for tnem General Wilverbrach dit vot leave town tili Monday, his mission to Italy having been postponed several dags Jooger toan wa8 Orginaily conwemplated. This deiay, I undersiand, i8 Owing Wo Some change in hig sustractions Gooasioued by the despaich of M. de Thouvene: toCoumt Persigny, from which it appears that Louis Nopoleon has no Of arranging the affairs of Waly tit a Wite wb England withous consulting ibe otner Powers, as Sugeest ed by Lord Jobo Ruseell. The Prussian diplomatisis are quite pleased with this discovery. aud for the moment, thereiore, the tecling towards France is rather more fiveudly than of late, while, om the other band, # will be peacily imagined that the proposa. of the Brivis stares. ‘mai bas nut contributed to increase tbe popularity he ea Joye among his continental colleagues, Russia has aguto fome forward with ber old pina for settling the question by conferences of the five great Powers; and as she is seconded by Prussia, and che oracle at the Potteries is not wppropitions, and Austria would do anything in the world to eonciiiate her quondam friend ani her late enemy, { beni pot be greatly surprised if the Gongress, so ong talked of and go often adjourned sine die, were at lengta beeome a fait accompli. THE ITALIAN QUESTION. ce. the House of Commons, on the 16th of February, Sir Pe said, I wieb to ask the Secretary of State for Fo- reign Allaire whether her Majesty ’s government have auy elyechiow to sta the nature of ae communicauous wach have passed between the Sardinian and Brush govern ments with respect lo the cession of a portion of the Sar ii Rian territo y to France, apd aleo whetber her Majesty's overninent haye had occasion to commanicate to the ench government the opinion entertamed by ovber Powers on thia subject; and wheiber, in the event of the Ansexaton of Savoy to France being eflected, hur Majes- ty’s government are prepared to wbandon the neutrality @ Swnveriand, as guarsuteed by Great Britain, ia cow mee with other Furopean Powers Bord J RUs@et sai’, with regard to the nature of the eemmupications which have passed between the Sardinian and British governments. we have inquired of the Sardi wan government whetber there was any engagomeat or any intention to yield Savvy to France, and the auswer has bern veraily that there was Do eugagementon the suo jeet aua that Sardinia had vo intention to cede Savoy wo Fravey. (Cbeers.) That is the general nature of the eeewer which has beew given. (Hear, bear.) We have Bet communicated to the French goverument the opinion enteriaed by other Powers, becaure we have bai no Sewmunication with otber Powers to ascertain what their epwiora may be. With regard to the otber quesiwn, “whether, in the event of the annexation of Savoy w France being effected, ner Majesty's gnvernmsnt are pre pared to ubaodon the neutrality of Switzerland, as gcar aztees by Great Britain, in common with other Earopean Powers,” J should say that the Swrss government have asiced us xhelher, wn case of such amnexation, we were prepared to warntwin the neutrality -f Switz-riand, and to provitte in Such a manner thut the neutrality should um no way be tnjur ud, und we haw always replied that we had. determined to do te. (Cheere ) I appears that the districts of Chaviais uc Favcigoa, more especially, are guaranteed by tbe eaty of Vienna in the same manner as Switzer- Mand; that they are, in fact, part of the general arrange ment for the guarantee of Switzerland, But it ia staid fnd witb great truin, by the Sardinian Government, that It weuid bardly be an equivalent guarantee if chose dis biote were to belong to France instead of belonging w Sarowia, and accordivgiy their view i that in case of an Dexation those districts at least, if uot farther districys, shovlo belong to Switzerland. aud be guaranteed tn the General guarantee of Switzerland. That appears to de « fery fair proposal on the part of Sardinia. I was only Siraid that with the prospect of agg andizement Swuizr jand would favor aanexaticn; at least, Iwas uneasy; bat yesterday or today I recerved assurances from Berar ‘hat the Swiss government wisd things to remaiv as they “we, and Savey to remain part of the territory of Sardinia Cheers.) As far as Switzerland ani Serdinie are con- ¥rbed, there ts no wirh or intention that this annexation ould take place. (Cheers.) Mr. Skymovr Frrzcrravp said that a8 the noble lord had Teplied to the question of the honorable baronet, he would, perbacs, permit hia to ask him @ further question ep the Same important subject, without which the informauon Porsersed by the House would be very incomplete. Tbe noble lord bad informed the House that be was sured from Turip that the cession of Savoy was not sentemplated by the government of Piedmont, and would ‘Des be ussented to. So far the information given by the nobic lord was satisfactory. The furtber question he ‘Wiehed to ask was, whether tbe noble lord bud been in- fermed from Turin that s communication had been ad- Emporor of the French, to the effect that if Centra! aly, was anvoxed to the Sardinian Kingdom, Franoe gould not permit the French slopes of the Alps to remain 40 the poaseesion of a Power whose position in Europe would be so materially allered by such an ¢: of ferritory. (Hear, bear.) Lord J. Ruserti—I bave received no information in the terms stated by the honorable gentleman; but it bas cer twiely, to my knowledge, been communicated to the government of Turin that if the kingdom of Sardinia wore aggrandized to any very considerable extent by the ‘@pnexavon of Central Italy, France would think that her frontier oe secure without the of at least geome part voy In the House of Lords on the 17th ultimo, in answer to ‘@ question from Lora Normanby, Earl Granville said that her Majesty’s government bad réceived » communication from the French government to the effect that, if Central Italy were avnexed to Sardinia, they shouid deem it ne- ectsary to eppex some part of Savoy, but that they should not make such ab aunexation without consulting the otaer great Powers, or without the consent of the inhabitants of Savoy. 4 ENGLISH OPINION OF NAPOLEON'S ITALIAN POLICY. . {From the London Times, Feb. 17.) ©, Ogg, OF PER) Or Ss * ‘J fact, Sardinia has not agreed to cede Savoy, and does ‘ot wich or intend to dogo, but the French Emperor has mander Savoy as the price of bis consent to the annex. ation of the Italian Duchies and tne Romagna to the do- muniors jof Victor Emanuel. ‘It has,” esid Lord Joba usve!l, “to my Knowledge been communicated to the overnwent of Turin, that if the kingdom of Sardinia were Tandized to aby considersble extent by the annexation ral Iteiy, France would think that her frontier was ré without the annexation of at least some part of vase Suen, then, is the latest developement of the Italian ‘The Emperor of tre French, in whose strange aracter the two opposing qualities of vigor and vacillation to mect, 6 Dow, at tho eleventh hour, endeavoring wo row Githcuities in the way of that Italian union to which e had apparently given his consent. It is plain that the ‘demand for a part of Savoy is us much intended to die- guale the King from extenaing bis dominions soutuward as $0 induce bim to give France the French siopes of the Alps. The demand is, in fact, a return to the policy upon ich the Emperor entered’in May last, when Prince N es waa sent to Tuecany to head the revolution Then was scarcely concealed, though it has been vehemently denied eince, that the plan was to estblish a kingdom in Gentral Italy under the sceptre of the Prince whose marriage had united the houses of France and Sardinia. Events march- 20, however, too quickly for the fortuves of the Prince. Bo h war and revolution left him far bebial. Aastria was ériven from Lombardy in a few weeks, and b fore tae French division, with the new Tuscan levies, could be > bt into the fleld. There was no opportunity for to show their valor sgainst the Austrians, for the Austrians were swept away before Privce Napoleon ha? time to reach the Mincio. The Emperor seems then to ‘have abandoned his earler scheme, and to have made ‘with as little thougbt for bis cousin as tor his ally Thos the scheme for an invependent kingdom of Etraria would have perished had the people been as passive and as eubmizsive to the despotism of potentates as sixty years og». But the Tuscans and their brethren bad tasted independence, and were not inclined to give is up even to picase the liberator of Lombardy. They deter. mined op annexation to Sardinia, aud have been since hostile to the formation of . separate Kingdom as tg omy Featsrstion of thy mer Bova ‘The world had thought witbin the lest fow moaths that the Frepch Emperor had made up his mind to accept the annexation to Sardinia, and that the renewed alliance ‘with England was a pledge of thia wise policy. But i! ts one of the shortcomings of a despotic government that so much & left to a single mind, which the habit of irresponsibility is apt to make capricious. The French Emperor has seem. ingty facrificed everything to the policy which England hee hed the credit of ipilinting. Ho hes declared to the ‘Viernese Court that he will not restore the Italian eove- political doc- ‘wmes which no Protestant statesman has ventured to propoupd; he hae enforced the submission of the French with # high hand, forbidding the publication of episcopal manifestoes and the ‘Most notorious organ of the clergy. may be exousod for believing that all this portended the acceptance of Italian nationality, for they cannot concsivn 4 20 much obloguy without havin; made up Now, homer, after having Sasol teas the ‘Gcnteal Haly abali not de interfere the annexation of thei ‘what a price he must purchase the pei the sovercigaty which is tendered to him. So pr @ pretence as that by the French emnezaium of | ef Burope. France, with a staniing army of 600,008 men with & powerfa! fleet, with a system of railways constructed ly with a view to the carriage of woops, with a compact territory, with a centralized ad- mivigiration, and with every State in Europe {te internal trauquility, aJectsto view with alarm the formation of a too extensive kiugiom in Italy. “I Sar- dinia be aggrandized to any condicerable extent France woula think that her frontier was not secure without the annexation of some part of Savoy.’’ We really wonder that At that period the | | by the great powers of Burope on the | ee, mey therefore be consulered v NEx | with the character for justice and moderation he bas q., clared it bis ambition to obtain. cannot but se *~ the extension of his fromtiers om military grounds will cr+: an alorn: in Burope which threatens to undo all the good his recent policy in Italy has «ffectoa. LORD PALMERSTON REGARDS THR QUESTION 48 SETTLED. [From the Loadon Post, Feb. 17. This question vo lovger adcs to the complications of Bu- rope. It arose ont of circumstances not within the con- trol ot France. The Eusperor Napoleon bad foreseen and Urged ® Confederation in Italy. The course of events Potnted to an Italian kingdom. ‘In such aa event, it was oby that great inconvenience would arise from the Freneb slopes of the Alps being @ portion of that king- om. Hence the snygesven for the ceasion of Savoy. _, The Freneb government, hag bow, however, expressed its willinguers to defer to the deciston that may poe ye at question ; fear as definitely od- The Agitation in Savoy. (Trapelated for the Naw York Heratp from the Paris Opinion Nationale of Feb. 8. While the European press is already busy with Savoy, Savvy is begipning to think of herself. Liberals and clergy, separatists and anti separatists successively indicaie their feelings, 80 mucn 40, that this question, the importance of whieb the (pinto, Nationale, independent of the religio press, pointed out come four mouths since, at this mome..t priveipally occupies the minds of political men. We sooty Stated what the misunderstanding was tbat cauged the attitude of the parties in this queetion The clergy to make peace in Piedmont, declared them. selves the partirans of anvexation, while the liberals of Savoy, through fear of embarrassiog « government which bas constituted itself the champion of Italy, and alsa, Mt must be said, through a reserve on aceount of France, whieh i explained by the twadequate degree of Hberty in Our mstituvons, believed they were doing well w gathering reand the Italian fleg, despite the nature whiecb made them Freachmen ‘The position taken some time since by Rome towards France reems to have caused confusion in the programme of battle of the parties. To-day the clergy turn against France, while the liberals have mot yet come to & more Found appreciation of the part which their owa opinions aud SLi more the interests of their country im pore vpen them. If they add to this the natural regret With which the oading of a provinee Ubat,was the creole of Sardiiap monarchy will inspire many of Lhe Pedmontese, let them aiso keep count of the anxiety, the confusion and the disorder w which the universaily discussed question ef the annexation of Nice and Savoy to France will give Tse. AS for onreelves, we think that m 80 grave a question We should neglect political accidents, ephemeral party Manquvrer, and take our decision from « consideration of the permapent iuteresia of the couutres‘-oncerned—Sar- ene and France. The toterest of Savoy copnot be disputad. At the outset oh by 18 language ana is geograpmicat po- 'y at this day ébe finda herself out of place in the Parliament at Turin; bow wouln it be then shouia her deputies find themselves astray and bewildered in a great abfembly Composed pot Only Of represeutatives of Pied- Wont, Dutalse of those of Lombardy, the Duchies, Tus- any and ‘he Roroaguas? How can this French province—separated from italy by * great chai: of the Alps, united unreasonably to an Ituban mouxrchy—make ber voice beard aud her fereign tepgee Ul ‘ood im this Italian Pariiament? In be- coming French en the conwary, Savoy will find for the exportauon of her products, fer the improvement of ber 1 niches, for the developement of her vatoral re- tingly for the tunneling of tho Alpe—a work already commencecd—tne precious fac 8 and the km- mense resources of the French appropriations. As tothe volivcal complaints ©bicb the liberals of Savoy make ugaimet the present institutions of France, we do not ewer them, bow unreasonable it would pe to seome, Ma queshon of this kind, by circumstantial con- siverations, tbat the reuinon of savey to France ig a du- radie ana cet Ubwg, and the effects of whish will re- Jong sime afer the prewent legisiation in regard to the prete wii) Dot exist. But, without appealing two the future, it appears to us that, even at this day, the Savoy sderais bave not #0 much to lose as they reckon, in ex- charging their iosticu tops for cars. We do net eee, taking it al! ip all, that the journals of Savoy ere more free and more sasured of their cootinu. ance then those of France. Now, if the Savoyans have nothing to loee upon this point they have much to gain «pom vceres of orkers The records of the civil state ‘with thei are still mm the hands of the clergy; crvil mar- ‘oge does DOL exist; the public instruction is interior to ‘bat im France. Savoy, then, has much to gain by the annexauion. As w the ‘ties of Predmont who can believe it an act of patriouam t) oppose the cession of Nise avd Savoy, Have they reflected upon the eousequences of their posi. on? Can they believe they are serving their country in }trauasiog ber to show bersel’ ungratelnt to Fraoce? Do they wiab to have it known that Medmont is two-faced; hat sbe invokes the principle of nationalities when the Question is being omcursed of absorbing Tuscany, the ioebies and the Romagnas, but tast she doubts the iegiti- Of the same privciple when the question of recog- nigng the services of aw ally i considered, and ef giving to Fierce two Freuch provinces and her nataral fron- ters? Io they find it suttabie that France should shed her blood and yield her treasures merely for the interest of Teaty, without expecting for berself and for the interest of ber future security any of those territorial changes which just at this moment are going on npon sO grand & tcale initaly to the advantage of Piedmont, under the protection of our bayonets and uncer the eyes of mighty Austria? That would be to our mind avery sad compre- hension of the interests of Italy that failed to justice towards France, whose friepdship is evidenced by acts to briiliapt, and who will be for a long time to come the m+8¢ powerful obstacle to the ambitious projects and ‘he iusclepce of Austria. We have heard « vague talk of petitioning the English Partiament ageinet the annextion of Nice and Savey. This would be # suggestion doubly unfortunate and doubly fujurious, and which would not stand before refisction. We coubt that the English Parliament would prevent what Piedmontege patriotism fears, and this appeal to Power which bas remained neutral and ae observer of the war against the ally who took the greatest part in the work, Would be naturally to injure France in public eati- mation, and to cause a coldness towards her on the part of Italy. The digressions of patriotism to be excusable are not sometimes the less dangerous for it. ‘We believe wo bave acquired the right of maintaining \bat jacguege among a people whom we love without which they might be mistaken as to the movement which now agitates ue. In the first place, in the French press we have aided the war of Italian independence ; but, the war ended, we were equally the first to reciaim the re- Ftoration of our southeastern frontier and the annexa- ‘ice and Savey asa just indemnity for our sacri- |, 88 @ Deceseary compensation for the aggrandisement of Pieamont, as ap equitable application of that principle of beaperrge df 80 justly aad go eflicaciously evoked on the other side of the Alps. We see ro motive which can persuade us to renounce this policy, and we have firm confidence that the eminent statesman who at Turin has just takea the direction of aban affairs will understand the propriety and find the means, while managing the susceptibilities of Kaly, ef taking up arms for the just claime of France. The Church Temporalities Question. NAYOLEON 8 OFFICIAL REPLY TO THE ENCYCLICAL LETTER OF THE: POPE. The Jowrnal de Fravcfort publishes in full the circular which the French Minister, M. Thouvenel, has addressed to the diplomatic agents of France in reply to the last en- ica) Setter of the Pope. No date is affixed in the above mentioned journal to the document, which runs as fol. lows:— B re read the Scotia eae Alen the rope i addressed to all patriar ops and primates Catholic eburch, and in which his Holiness, exposing in an exclusive point of view the origin and nature of the diffi. culties presented by the existing situation of Romagna, exborts the pastors and the faithful of the whole world to employ zealously all their efforts towards the mainte- nance and defence of the rights of the Holy See over that FOVIECE. 7 Not doubting that this document has attracted the seri- ous attention of the governmentof ——, 1 consider it my duty to epabdie you to make known how nis Majesty’s gov- er:ment appreciates it. I will not for the moment stop to notice the reproaches, more or lees explicit, which are directed by the encycli- ca! letter against the line of policy followed by the Empe- ror with regard tothe Holy See, in the difficult circum- stances of thege letter times. History, in its impartiality, will one Gay say whether the responsibility of the eveuts which have occurred falls on the sovereign whose eflorts + nave Deen constantly employed to prevent them, or en those who, retusing apy concession or any reform,and confining themsclves in inexplicable inaction, have al- icwea things to grow worse and worse, until they threaten to reach a point at which the evil becomes so great that it cannot be remedied. eek particular bas hopes Joel ore ron of bie Mejeaty’s government is juiness of diplo- matic wu any wick, tt matter, tho Court oracr. We Ene te Deepens cert apd profound regret ie Holy Poe smpenig Be conscience of the clergy, ahd éxcllivg ié ardour faithful, with respect to an affair the discussion of which can only take place advantageously between government and government. Shenae ete ie eet croach ment on the power \- tif, Lor op the inde} lence required for the exercise of that power withiz the limits of his rights. Tne question of Fomagua, Low as at other periods, hes arisen from politi- cal circumstances; and it is in its political aspect that we sbouid examine it, by seeking the best means of saiisfy- tpg D.ceeeities in toe presence of which the Pont vernment would not Gnd iteelf fatally placed, if, of imyrudently waiting for the developement of the Uon, it had listened t) our counsels and seconded our ef- forts. No, whatever a party which does not fear to as- enme the appearance of religious zeal may say; no, what- ever may be doze to lead tothe belief that the interests of tbe fatth are in peril, the question in discussion between the government of bis Holiness and that ot the Emperor is, thank God, a purely temporal one. We may therefore Giscugs it without fatiing in the deference and respect which all France feels honored in entertaining for the Father of the Faithful, and of which his Majesty has al- ways been happy to be the first to give the example. do not hesitate tossy, Air, that the Court of Rome has uot been well inspired in endeavoring to establish, a3 the encyclical ietter attempts to do,asort of indissoiuble conection between two sorts of interest which cannot be mixed up and confounded without danger. Io the first ages of the church, when the tencencies of civilization theoreratica! possible ie were 1, that confusion was ond ; it was accepted without difficulty by every body. becanse it was in accord with the state of opinion and of men’s consciences, it was thus at the ou'set one of the elements of the powerof the Papacy, and it co-ope- reted in lay 7 tegen nage of tim sovereignty. ,€ we interrogate with atten tion, we shall aoe cleally thas ft tas not solely by iavox- of violence and anarchy, one ef the easenjial elements of their political ir R * longer of view, from ts id.vil pot dwell womer CeuouldYead. to the heli tbat T Py deli ede tp the contrast an allusion, and of from the pas! lesson, jlicable to the pre- sent times, ~hereas nothing is further But I may be ,ermitted to say that in reqnence of a which the Bap preremee cannot consider wise than as @ benefit bly acquired to moderp between the two di civil and politica! one. ty iteeil in divaccord not leas with the ‘ime than with international rules, by making an appeal to men’s coureiences in the name of faith, for an interest which, when rightly considered, is simply temporal. Tadd that this attempt is far from being supported by ibe authority and the precedents of history. 4 fact, this 8 not the first time that, at periods not far distant mm our own, the situation bf Romagna and the posses- sen of that district bave been the subject of political ciseurtion., In 1797 the Pope, in consequence of eventsof which be was obliged as sovereign to accept tie responsibility, ceded by the treaty of Tolen‘mo that province to France, and at the same time abandoned oncient rigbte of the Holy See to the territory of Avignon; and great as wes the regret be felt at a diminution of his otmams, Prus VI no doubt believed that he might sub seribe to that convention without failing in his duties as rovereign Ponti and as guardian of the faith. The two contracting parties were not the only ones who saw in this angaction only & temporal act, in no wise encroaching on cligion, The prelimmaries sigued at Leoben two months wter between France and Austria prove that the Court of Viena did not think aifferently from France on the sub ject’ After having maintained during the war close rela ns with the Court of Rome, Austria nevertheless su ported ap arrangement which awarded to her part of the States of Venetia and indemnified the latter by transfer- rng to them the poeeession of the three legations of Ro- wayna, Ferrera and Bologna. The treaties of Campo For- mio and Lanevilie confirmed, iv another form, the separa ten of these provinces, and in the different arrangements whieh were then entered into it is never seen that the go verpmente which took part in them had to pay any atten tion to the prerogatives of the Holy Seo as regards its spi | power and religious interests If we were to interrogate contemporary history on other points, who would not remember that at the begin- ning of this century ecclesiastical territories, such as the bishopric of Saizburg, the provostship of Berchtelegaden, apd the bishoprics of Trent, Brixen and Eichttadt, served op the demand of Austria to indemnify its Archdukes dis- porsesged in Italy ? With regard to these¥Territorities, as ‘or the Legationg and for the Electorate of Mentz, no solidarity was mized between the temporal rights of the posseeeor and the interests of religion; the Ecclesias- heal character of the sovereigns was not an obstacle to the combwations which circumstances bad rendered ne- ceesary. The parueipation of the Court of Vienna in these aifferent transactions certainly does not permit re- garding them a8 ap application of new principles for the use ot France. Nothivg can be a better proof of this (ben what occurred some years later Pope Pius VII war returping to Rome, spd resuming the exercise of his “mporal power, when, by asecret treaty signed at Naples on Mth’ January, 1814, the Emperor Francis, ‘ha view to attaching King Joachim to the cause of ¢ European coalition, engaged, * in orcer to procure tm @ strong military frontier in uccord with the political secensities Of the two Powers, to assure to him an addi- ter, to the extent of 40¢,000 souls, to be taken from the oman States, and to lena his gooa offices to obtain the speent and sanction of the Holy Father to that conces on.” Thug, therefore, the principle of partitioning the Lega- ope abd even the Marches between the kingdom of eples and Austria, was plainly laid down, and its applica: on appeared so independent of every other circumstance hut in the following year we gee tho King of tne Two ciltes, when restored to the Neapoljtas throne, endeavor- og to Tusintain for bis own acvantage tho clause which -© have justeited. Austria, on her side, was more suc- cestnl in ber pretensions, ss ehe retained at the expense f the Holy See part of the Legation of Ferrara on the left wank ot the Po, 2 territory which had never belonged to he State of Venice. The Pope protested in vain against shat arrangement, a8 he protested against the won-restitu- : of the county of Avignon and of the territory of ma to the Holy See. His demands, which be dazed oun on ancient rights and on reasons of utility to the huieh, were not admitted by tbe Powers, and we shall sot be coutradicted by the doouments relating to the nogo- avon of 1816, if we acd that Romagos had then very parrow escape from remsuing separate the Ponti States. More than one com- conceived in that sense was bronght wad in the Congrese of Vienna; and it + well known that Prussia, for instauce, proposed to dis: ofe of the Legations in favor of the King of Saxoay, who Te was voula heve receivea them as @ compensation. ot without aifficulty that the Po rr bem and ip making the righi he inyol © opinion, 80 worthy of remark, adopted by the Pleni- otenrianier, that the Legations were a the dispoeal of the Alves by right of conquest. In auy cage, the discussion ss tothe Roman States was constantly maintained even oy the Catbohe Powers, in ao order of considerations ex lustvely temporal. Such is, sir, the sole argument I wish to draw from ihe examp} have cited, and which prove to what extent ibe doctrize advanced in the last encyclical letier, if it be at present in conformity with the ideas of the court of Rome, is in contradiction with the most positive data of politics. I have no intention of drawing from it ergu mets against the acknowledged rights of the Holy See; but I bare felt bound to furnish you with the means of rectifying around you the erroneous impressions which might tend to represent an opinion emitted on # temporal question as an attack on the imprescriptible and sacred prerogatives of the Catholic church. THOUVENEL. AMERICAN INTERESTS IN PARLIAMENT. The an Coasting Trade American Coast! British Shipp: & In the House of Commons on the 16th ultimo, Mr. LipprLy asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs “hether the opinion of the iaw officers of the crown had been taken upon the American law of 1848, which con- ‘erred exclusive privileges upon American vessels en- gaged in the trage between New York and California, +ither by Panama ar by Cape Horn, aud defined such to be a coasting voyage; whether the exclusion of British apo foreign sbips from any participation in a coasting trate, 80 defined, was or war not a violation of the treaties in force between this country and America, which stipu- luted for a reciprocal liberty of commerce; and whether bere was any objection to produce copies of all corres- pondence that had taken place between the British and American ernments upon the subject. Lord J. Roenaix said the opinion of the law officers of the crown was taken generally whether the trade carried on between New York and California could properly be called a coasting trade, and they considered that it was ® cousting trade. With regard to the question whether tha xclusion of British ships from that trade was « violation f the treaties between this country and America, the American government said they were prohibited from ad mitting our ships by the articles of their constitution. ‘They admitted the treaties for equality of trade, but they said that by their constitution, in the way they under- atooa it, they could not grant the coasting trade to Great Britain. The honorable gentleman would sce that it was hardly possible to dispute with them as to the meaning of (heir own constitution, but her Majeaty’s government had everal times applied to the American government to give ‘reat Britain the same privileges whioh wore granted to ‘hem, and especially that trade in which the cargo was uploaded, carried across the Isthmus of Panama aud sbipped on board another veseel. It did not sppear to the British government that in any sense of the word that could be properly called a coasting trade. Sear, hear.) Lord Lyons had brought the subject under the notice of General Cass, who replied that he would take the opinion of the Treasury about it. The honorable venteman would see that, as the correspondence was going on, it was imposrible to give it at present. He had arefully considered the question as to whether it was a violation of treaties, and although it might not be a vio. ‘ion of treaties, at the same timo it was a great disap pointment after what the honorable gentleman would re- -ollect were the professions of car Pegg por ogg io 1849, when we proposed to re} e Navigation laws. Mr. Brancroft, who was then the American Minister in ‘bis country, stated to Mr. Labouchere, the President of he Board of Trade, “If you are liberal, we shall be liberal; if you give much, we shall give much; if you give all, we shall give all.” (Cheers) It was only just to ay that the American government did give equivalent a vantages on passing the Navigation act; but, although io 1864 we threw open the coasting trade, what had been Jone by them in that respect was still very unsatisfactory. (Hear, hear.) The Northwestern Boundary Question. BRITISH SETTLEMENT ON RED RIVER—OHARTER OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. In the House of Lords,on the 13th of February, the Farl of Carnarvon inquired what was the intention of her Majesty's government with regard to the adminisiration prevail over House liction of the Hudson Bay Com; “? Pg 2 noble lora , "i Noemse of the Tcuscc Bay Company igh Bs Be ‘and her Majeaty’s government t seasion very wisely took powers under ati Acl of Par- l point magistrates for thor districts ia order test they might baye au effective system of administra- ind taken any ndvantago-ot that act, ‘The’ presont sate ‘ad taken an; prese! { aflairs in that of the world was calculated to suse much y. In the Red Rivor settlement * ttrong feeling of dissatisfaction existed on the part of the colonistz, and during the short time he was at the colonial two petitions were received from them praying for very extensive alterations ‘0 the form of the local government and the general ad- ministration of the country. It appeared that spirits had Leen extenstvely introduced among the Indians, and greatly tended to their demoralization. There bad also becn a great influx of Americans from the United States, who carried on trade in avery irregular manner, and without any licepees, and under no control whatever. He had no jealousy of this colonization, but ho thought it would be a great omission on the part of the government if they allowed grievances to extst which were calculated to draw the sympathy of the inhabitants from the Crown to the F once ne te eg she keg a resident of e ct lement, saying thou; no sympathy mi hav, from 7 Necessity, ir allegiance to Tonted Staia, and that the oui present unsatistactory state was munication from Fort William to Lake Su Rea River settiement. It was very desirap! Jonial Minister should carefully cousider this subject, asthe future of the settlement depended upen his conduct during the next few years. He was very anxious that the noble duke opposite (the Duke of Newcastle) should arrive atan carly decision with regard to the land adjoin- ing the river, which was fit for colonization; and should, as far as he was able, adopt measures with the view of bringing the ecattered parts of the colony more in con- nection with cach This was more a question of poicy than of expenditure. According to the jast report of Mr. Dawson ihe country poseonsed great nataral re- sources, which could oaly be rendered faily available by a wite #y stem of colonization. The Duke of Nawcastis said his noble friend inquired first what had been done in consequence of an act passnd saat soasion in reference to the goverment of what had hitherto been the licensed Urritory of the Horson Bay Company. Their jorcebips would recollect that on the YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1860.—TRIPLE SHERT. second reading of the bill be (the Duke of Neweastic) anid that 1% was not hie intention to avail himself of te powe « unless he found it necessary to do so. He was anxtous te disturb as little as possible what existed in the territory, and not te ‘magistrates under the act unless there was some BD. forthem. The noble carl spoke as if the Company was entirely power pi the Hudson Bay swept away when their license expired in May last; bh legally swept away, it remaine|, | jurisdiction of the company was primitive and patriarok- al; and though not established in exact legal form, it was svfficifit to preserve peace and order among the natives of the district. That power, such as it was, still existed, and pptil there was a greater population in Britise Columbia, the colony was more settled, he thought it would be be¥er to postpone bringing the act into opera tion. He admitted at onee that if, in consequence of ih expiration of the license of the Hudson Bay Company, traders bad jtroduced spirits among the natives, and thus led to @ etatdof things which ought to be rvpressed, her Majesty’s g@erpment might deem it incumbent us them to inteffere, Many gentlemen had offered bim their Fervices to @t as Magistrates in that district, but he had not their offers, The noble ear! also asked what steps bad tyen taken with regard (o the administration of the Red Riyer settlement, but he must be mistaken as to the presipt state of things there, as the Colonial Office ‘was not in possession of any information of suc he had described. That v.zens of had wandered across the boundarvs of and entered these Territories there could be ut he had no knowledge of any create au spprehension of evil comequences. As regards practical mea sures, npting definite had yet been done, but po ume Imi yet been lost Until within a very recent period thry possessed really little information as to the lana avaiable for colonization. twas only tree or four weeks ago when they received the concluding portion of Capt. Herrigon’e report, which bore very {mportantly on the subject; but they had now also the valuavle report of Mr Dawson, a Canadian gentleman, who had devoied much avention to it. At presentthe Red River eettiement was exq@edipgly email, and he apprehensed that when ever the crown took on Mself the responsib'lity of govern wg it, It would be desizable to extend the existing boundarie 0 a considerable An important reason why ther should be uo hurry in dealing with this question was to be ‘ound im the fact that pians jor opening uo communica tious between the offferent eettiements bad to be consi dered He entertained saoguine hopes that the scheme of Mr. Dawson might be carried out. It bad alreaty met with great encouragement ip Canada, and he believed it would be wortby the approval of the imperial govern ment Ifitsbould be carried out it would tend more to the good colonization and seUtement of toose districts than any other scheme Wat could be devised. With respect to what was to be cone for the future settlement of but ‘b no doute, ceedings |tencing to those districts, his noble friend must be aware (hat the first step must be an arrangement with the Hudson Bay © ster its charter, exercise tbem. He cor sire to arrive a@t that settlemeot with the Hudson Bay Company by amicable means, and he had every hope that such means would prove success‘cl. In the course of the last session papers were taié on the table in which were certain communi the Governor of the district and the Colouiai and among them was a lotter either to Mr. Lau w Sir Fawaro Bulwer Lytton, out be thought the latter, in which the company professed their wi! up their juridiction over the country, with a view of pro- moting its settlement from the Red River to the Saskatcho Wan on equitable terms. It would be necessary in the Oret place to ascertain what those equitable terms would be Having now before them as much information upon the subject as they were hkely to obtam, he hoped the reault of the amicable arrengement which he wus desirous o! concluding with the Hudson Bay Compauy would accom piish this very desirable object without hitigation. If so, the next step would be to devise some simple form ot government; and should legislation be necessary for thx purpore, it was of course most desirable that it shou)? take place this seasion. The Failure of the United States Govern- ment—What John Bull Thinks of Le-~ gtsletive Decoram tn England aad thre United States—Is Republicanism Supe- rior to a Monarchy. {From the Loudon Times, Feb. 17.) ‘The Congress of the United Statesfhas for the last two mouths presented agpectacle by Do means caifying io those who are determined to see nothing but what i ex- cellent on the other side of the Atiantic. It was only on the Ist inst., after a session which commenced on the first Monday in December, that the Honse of Representatives was able to constitute @ majority sufficiently large for the election of a Speaker. It was not that the Speaker ia of any particular consequence when he ig eppointed, but that the House is £0 split up by faction that neither side woul make this slight concession to the other. The Speaker je elected for two years only, and is not, as with andidute for clevation to a postot dignity and honor tbe Congress shal! have expiret, the Speaker will return to the ranks of bis feilow citizens with on}y svcb distinction as the manner in which he has dis charged his duty may bave earced for him. Whichever rige might succeed, nobody doubied that it would have placed in the chair a gentieman fully competent to the dis. charge of his duty, and it was therefore inexcusably childish to waste the seesion in disputes the resuit of which was certain to be utterly trivial. ‘We must not, nowever, commit the error of comparing the disorganization and disorder of public business which pecopiary interests, would remain undone, to overtake No such tho time 0 needlessly cast away two months from the scesion of the American Congress. empire, the american Congross is limited to certain func tions delegated to it by the sovereign States, whose union it represents, aud these functions are neither very nace. roné nor very Compiicated. may be thought that Con gress has an immense deal to do in regulating the finance of a great and industrious people, ana in golving the nu merous probiems of legislation which bailie the timid stateemen of old communities trammelied by inveterate tratitions and lorded over by mouarchies and aristocra cies. No mistake can be more complete. It takes a vas" ceal of oratory to spin out the session and to fill up the requisite period allotted to deliberations by which nothing is decided. The Assembly, at least, which has no execu tive duties to perform, leads a tolersbly easy life until io the last weck or two, and, under the stifling heat of Washington summer, it hurrks through, in ‘an almost continuous session, the work that shouid pro- perly bave been spread over many months. The fact is, the federal Legislature docs not evjoy in America any thing like tue importance, nor does it exercise the in- fluence, of the Exgleh Parliament. The void which it would create were it to disappear altogether is one that it would be by no means impossible to il up. Wheace ares this remarkable difference’ Partly, as we have shown, from ibe more restricted jurisdiction of Congress but partly also from its different reiation towards the hoad and members of the executive government. In Eogiand the executive springs out of and forme a part of the Par Lament, and the legislative and administrative functions are £0 happily blended together that each gives strength and consideration to the other. The executive is reapect- ed not only for the functions it performs, but because without possessing the confidence of Pariiament {t could bot become or contipue the executive, and the Legisla- ture derives additional strength from the fact that it not only makes the jaws, but exercises @ complete con trol over those who are to administer them. Thus each in turn assists the other, and the Executive and Legisiature, acting in harmony with cach other, and m tually de ven dent, are far stronger than they would be if they dia charged their several functions without concert and iat: mute relation. Butin America the case is entiroiy diffe- rept, There the executive government derives its origin from one direst popular vote, and Congress derives itsorigin from another popular vote. Neither has any obligation to cousuit the wishes, because neither depends upon the sup- port, of the other. They are co-ordinate powers, and may, und generaliy do, exercise their fanctions each without re: ference to the otber. Hence it happens that, instead of strengthening each other, they are in tern causes of weak. nees, that the ive is feeble for want of the sanction of the Legislature, and the Legislature inert for want of the di- rectson and stimulus afforded by the Eze sutive. ‘The superiority of the Eogiish form of government is #0 obvious, aud the inconvenience of an executive go- verpment which, as often bappons in America, is iu @ minority in the two Houses of Legislature is 2o glaring, that our colonies have not hesitated, one and ali, to pre- fer the English to the American system. They have sdopted responsible government by , and are at present in its fall enjoyment. ‘Their experience, how. ever, suggests the gravest doubts whethcr they will be able t retain the principle so eagerly caught at of the direct reeponsibility of the Executive to the Leg'slature. ‘The system has proved not so easy to work as it appeared at first, apd bas given vs not a iittie reasow to admire the forethought and prudence of the men who framed the Americun constitution. American statesmen saw that, though the Engleh system might be the best, It was one that could rested on a constitution horetgay dati Sc” The Lapslayare which is to be intr 4 with the delicate tack of making aid unmiaking the Executive government, while abstaining from tho ruia- ons error of usurping executive functions into ita own influences which sway un unbridled democracy, and Of the hatttual exercise of moderation and fo & body cannot spring from equal electoral districts and universal suffrage, where the voice of the uninstructed many {overpower the opinion of the educated few. There was, therefore, no choice for America but to invest the adcministration by positive law with that durability which it was vain to hope from the prudence apd moderation of a Legisiature so con- stituted, and if America has thus lost the advantage of an Executive in harmony with the feelings of the Legisiature, sbe bas, at avy rate, avoided the evils of per et It is, we fear, but too probable that our colonies which bave chogen to imitate America rather than Eng- land in the highly demoeratic constitution of their Legisia- tures will find themselves driven to apply the same remedies to the game evils, and forced by the intolerable instability of successive nments to give them duration, and thus effect a final divorce between bave good rpason to late oureel Sead ans pete ements tard ff officials unconnected with Parliament, and holding ; popular or unpopular, egictent or inefficient, fos fad tam Ff td ‘A. xd The War in Morocco. PROPOSITIONS FOR PEACE FROM THE MOORS—WILL SPAIN CONTINUE THE WAR? Marshal O'Donnell was actively cogaged in forwarding the preparations, ana in reconnoitring the country sur- bh Tetuan. " by Muley Je bad received cleven delegates, sent by Muley Abbas toa-k on what condition peace would be re-establish- ed. Marshal O'Donnell replied that the Queen alone bad the right to Ox the conditions of peace. He had, bowever, cent » messenger to Maurid on the sudject. ‘The public © ia Spain waa warlike. A Madrid de- patch of the 1iith ult. eaye that Gen Ubtariz had left for og ‘b, 98 Learer of the cunditions upon which peace wil! granted Prov Correspondens Autografa believes the war will con- e.g \nis detay will cause in the United Siates, to that which would occur if we were to forbear for two months to name a Speaker for the House of Commons. With us the finasce of the year would be shipwrecked, » number of valuable Jaws would remain unenacted, ap enormous quantity of private business, involving the maost important and the session would be absorbed in the fruitless attempt results need be apprebended—at least to anything like the same extert—from the abstraction of Instead of baving to transact the whoie business of au AFFAIRS IN RUSSIA, Court Fashions tm Ra je MAGNIFICENT BALL AT THE WINTER PALACE IN ST PETERSBURG— SPLENDID SCENE OUT OF DJORS AKRIVAL OF TBE CZAR, THE EMPRESS AND GRAN’ DUKES—APFEARANCE OF THE KOYAL BALL ROOM THE DANCES AND DRESSHS—THE EMPRESS AND Hike GUESTS AT SUPPER—NEGRO SERVANTS ON HAND Bre. ‘The following account of the |all whic recen ly tool place in the winter palace of the Ozar, at St. Petersburg ‘will deeply interest the genera! pubiic:— On the Place Alexandrine, which was carpeted wit) © mantle of snow, were stationed numerous equipsges. Ti cold go intense as to have frozen to death (’arisiay horses avd coacbmen, bat not severe enough for th har Russians to kindle the usual fires under the “Chines moaques near the winter palace. The trees ne miralty, sparkling with boar frost, looked lik» inv: white feathers bursting out from tbe ground, vb granite point of the triumphal pillar was whit food avd strikingly resembled a sugsr-cone; the moon, cles @ pure, shed je cold light on this nocturnal palenes- and gave'a blue fantastic tings to the crowd of qn} whoce frozen Ianwrns and polar-looking lights shone and there hike yellow points over the tmmeng® expaor Beyond, the colorea! winter palace presented itself. | windows radiant with light, aud having the appearance of au enormous mountain pierced with holes and iluminatec from within by volcanic fires, Perfect cilence prevailed. The severity of the climat prevented the immense crowd which in France would i tallibly have flocked to witness so great a féle; and eve had thousands of spectators been there, the space befor: the palace 18 go vast that they wogld have been scatiere! and lost in its immensity. ‘A sledge appeared, traversed diagonally the snowy mantle over the lengthened sbatow of the Alexandrio Colunin, and then disappeared in the dark street sepa rating the Winter Paiace trom the Hermitage, whose aera bridge gives it tomewhbat the appearance of’ the Caual Ja Pailie at Venice ‘A few minntes afterwards. an eye—we will imagive for once net incorporates with a pody—darted aion cornice belonging to a gailery of the palace. The rows « wax lights p'anted tu the niches cast so brilliant a ra diance as etfvetnally wo prevent its feeble glimmer bets in the slightest degree perceptible. Light concealed + better than darkness; it became Jost in the blaze of sur rounding brilliancy. The galicry viewed from that point extensed far ai deep, with its pol columns, its waxed floor glittering with the reflection o! gold end light, ite pictures occupyin the space between the pillars, the snojecta of which Was Impossible to discern, owing to the Immense lengt iery, already become too small, notwithstan ting 18 colos- ea) OlmensloLs. Every eye was directed towards the door at which th sovereign Was to Make his appearance. Suddenly th portais are thrown open, and the Emperor, Emprees an the Grand Dukes tray ery, in the widest of ty guests hae ily formed m two rows, bia Majesty address jouully & few words to war ivue perkoas 0° dlatinc Die Then the imperm oppurite to the one eB by the grend diguil and various penerale Scarcely bad the cor oye was likewizo tm opers glass. The air was a fi you could shoort have imagines t wirdle of light ran along the cornices of the windows candetabras with parned brilliantly; pumerous cuapccliers and lastrer cescended from the ceiling in the form of constellations shedding around a phosphorescent hgtt; and the mingling of these various lights formed the most perfect iu mination a gioimo which has ever cast its rays on ap carthiy ti The treat tmprersion on looking down upon ths im meure gull of light was a fechng of giddiness For the moment, what with the odors. the rays. irradiations, wet 8, the dazzling eflect of the wax candles, mirrors, gold, diamoncs, precious stones, rich dreeses, &c., it was impossible to distinguish avythiug. The scivtiliating ap- pearance prevents your catching any distinct form, but ibe eye by Gegrees accustom iteeif to the blaze of light co that the dancing specks frolicking before its spectrum, as when looking op the sun, gradvatly disappear. Ina short time you ure able to take in the idea of the hail in ts immense grandeur, spiendid in marble and white stucco, in Jasper, porphyry, and Babylonian architecture 7 Jeidoscepe, with fis compartments of variegated ing und forming themselves inw o gue—the chromatrope, with its dilations and contrac Hons, when & star becomes a flower, thon transforms its yetals into the points of a crown, and ende by whirhng ound @8 @ son, passing from tac ruby tw the emerald, {rom the emerald to the amethyst around a centre of aiamonds—these alone, exaggerates @ thousand times, are capable of giving even a faint idea of this moving parterre of gold, jewels ard flowers, ever changing, and its ara- besque figures rendered ali the more brilliant by the incessant agitation. On the entrance of the imperial family the sparkling masse stood still, and then it became possible to distinguish the various pertonages and countenances, notwithstanding the eurrounding briliancy. In Rursia court balls are opened by a polonaige. This can scarcely be styled a dance, but is a kind of prome- nade, a procession, a marche aux flambeauz, graceful and characteristic. The assembled guests divide, so as to leave free, in the midst of the bull room, @ lopg space, of which they form the two sides. When all are ready the orchestra strikes up a slow majestic, rhythmical, measure, and the promenade commences, Tne Emperor leads off, holding by the hand a princess, or any other lady on whom be wishes to confor especial distinction. The Emperor Alexander II was dressed in an elegant military costume, eel adapted to show off to the best advantage his noble, ful!, well proportioned Ogure. It consisted of a kind of tunic, or white lescend- ing d mi cutsse, a brandenbourgs d’or, the collar aud wrists bordered with Siberian biue, and decorated with stars of the bighest orders; sky blue pantaloons, fitting close, and the feet cased in thin boots. Tho Emperor wore his hair cut short, exposing to view his smooth, high and majestic forehead, features, regularly perfect, appear modelled as if on purpose to be transferred to the bronze figure or the medal; the blue color of his eyes is seen to advantage against the brown tinge of the countenanco—a heaithy hue he hes acquired by frequent journeyings and exercise in the open air. The form of his mouth is beau tifol as a Grecian sculpture, ana his countenance is cha. Tacterised by a nobleness of expression, relieved oocasion- ally by 2 smile affable and full of grace ‘the Royal family are rucceedea by the high officers of the army and pelace, each grant dignitary conducting a lady by the hand. And now follow no end of uniforms covered with gold, epaulettes starred with diamonds, Gecorations and precious etones causing the breasts of their owners to glitter with light Some, the most ele vated in favor and rank, wear au orcor still more friendly and distnguished—viz , the portrait of the Emperor get in briiliants; but these favored ones are rare and can be counted. The cortege continues its march, and swells its numbers route. Agentieman steps from the ranks on either 2i¢e, and presents bis hand to a ledy; the new couple take their places in the celtle, acjust their step to the rhythm, now accelerating, now slackening their pace. It is not’ eary to promenade thus, holding each other by the tps of tie fipgors, and standing the fire of a thousand coolly ironical spectators; the shynteet embarrasament of countenance, the most frifiing avs wardneas with the feet, the most imperceptibie departure from strict timo, all is uoticed and remarked by the luoMers on. Military man- cers Save Many men; but bow difficult itis for the women! And yet tho greater part acquit themselves adinirably, and of many {t might be said, At vera tncessu patuit dea. They rwim lightly aiong under their feathers, flowers, and diazsonds, erher modestly castiug down their eyes, or gazibg round with av air of perfect innocence; ma nouvring, by gentle inflexiovs of the body or turn of the foot, so as to be unimpeded by their trains of silk or lace; refresbing themacives by an occasional use of the fan, and feeling as much at their ease as if walking alone ip some Bolitary alley of aseciuded park. To waik with a noble, graceful, simple air when all «yes are di rected towarcs you is no easy matter; many great ac- tresses, even, Lave never accomplished it The eppearance of orig nality porceptible in the Russian Court is greaily inereated by tbe circumstance that yourg Cucassian prince, with bis siender figure and costly oriental rere, oocastonaliy joins the cortége, or elge a chief { the Lesgbicns ora Mougrelisn officer, whoee soldiors still retain for their arms cf offence and defence the bow aud quiver ans shield. Concealed under the white kid giove of civilization, thy smuii Asiatic hand, accustomed to the use of foreign weapons, etrotches itself out to grasp ‘bat of the Europea princess or countess. This appears to astonizh no ono; in short, woat 13 more patural than ‘oat a Mongreliau or Mahomrdae priace should walk the potonaire with a noble lady of St. {'otersburg belonging to the erthodex Greek Church? Are they not both subjects of the same Emperor ‘The uriforme and gala dreeees of the men are go bril- Hart, rich and varied, so Ioad:d with gold embroidery and decorationg, that the wom-n. consigiently with mo rn clegance and present fashions, find it difficult to vompete with euch massive splendor. Not being able to surpass them in richness, they strive to do e0 by beauty their expoged necks and shoulders are worth all the plates of gold To vie with the splendor of the male sex they most, like Byzantine Madonnas, be dressed in robes of stamped gold and silver, breast plates of jewels, aud or- pements raidiant with diamonds, But hi would it be possible to dance with the contents of a gol smith’s shop upon the body? But do not Tinagine & too primitive simplicity. Those simple robes are of point a’4 erre, and tho two or three ekirts are more costly than a tunic of gold or silver. ‘Those bouquets on the tarietan or gauze dress are fast ened with diamond brooches; Le Biom ca = volvet ribon is composed of a stone which you imagine to bave been detached from the Czar’s crown. What can be con more ee tea a — dresa of tulle or moire antique with rows of pearls and a correspon? bead dress! But the pearls are worth ono hundred thou eand roubles; for never bave specimevs of finer shape or ‘ater been brought t> light from the depthe of the ocean. simplicity of 4reee the laqies pay court to the Empresa, oh to eplendor; but rest assured that he ball room, than the a this tama with @ goo © of light ani heat; place on fire A jn the embrasure thousand arms r. 3 markable, viz: tho First Secretary of the Austrian Em- barsy, iu Dis eplendid dress ag and ube ambaseador of Greece, attired s Grecian turban and coetume. After an hour or two spent in , the eye trans- ported ieelf into another apartment, whence tne sounds of the orchestra and the vegue marmure of te orsembly§were but faintly distinguishable. Com} becurity reigned in this hall of gigantic dit ia which the guests were to assemble for supper. cathedrals are of less extent, At the further end were tO be seen, through the dimpess, long white rows of ab the corners of wbich gigantic masses of silver re! oR uncertain light. In silent sctivity the footmen and waiters, ip full bvery, moved baher and thither; the ma- Jor domos and head cooks were givimg the last touch to Aber gustronomical provuctions. A few lights glimmored 6 ibis vart expense here and tere, like 'y stars; bot npumerable wax lights loaded the chandeliers ani od the irises and niches of the arcaies. Contrasting, in their whiteness, with the branches that bore thom hey looked ting forty from the calyx of dower, or staine' rowen ih & cave; but as yet DO ap- pearance of fiame glimmered st their points. A mur- MUribg DOike a8 Of OVerfowing waters, was heard; it Was ihe asée bied guests approaching the banquet room. The bmperor sppeared on tbe threshold, aud the change was ustantaneous. It was ag if & magica! command had gone lorlo—Jfiat luz A subte flame spread from taper to ta- jer witb tne rapidity of lightning; bght burst forth in ap urtant, avd the immenge halt was brittiantly iluminaud, 8 with @ poonea, Dp. This suddem travevion from peDumbre to the moet dazzling brilliance resembies what ceurrmg in fairy laod. In our matter-of- y prov'gy, however, must be expiamed. (breaos ot cotton sweped im an inflammable liquid ran from jet to jet, aod these, ignited et various places, be lume t sprees nslanvaeously. Lhe same method is mployed 1b kivoiiog the lustres Of the churoh of Bt. Istec, Where the connectiog threads wave over the beads of the faitoful bke aepder’s wb Gas, 80 common in Varig and London, js vet used in illumiusting the Winter ace— there, pure Was tapers wlove are tolerated. [tis only tm Russia #bere the devs contribute go largely to the production of ligt The Empress, with several pers nay lon, took ber seat at dé prinespal taty Bebind ber giliec cbatr buret forth, firework, av immense Douquet of wnice cameliias and Ker, the color of the latter subdued by reilecting against the surronading white marble. Twelve negroes of impos» elature, chosen from the toeet Afcican racer, und drersed ¢ la Mameluke, ascended «ad desended the AwPS Of the dais, returutog oF receiving plates from the servants, and movieg about with au agility aod grace pecuhar to the Orieotals, even when cegaged io servile oMtices, Othello, baving forgotten bis Desdemona, played bis part majestically at 18 European feast, amd lout it & peculiar gainp of pure Asiatic character Ibe guetis, ib the meantime, seated themselves pro- ‘ gold and silver or taotesvieal © of high distine- erected on a dais. 1k & gigantic floral groups of fla se: can eladras aiterpating with py por épergaes: Viewed from ab: yalals, poree tiiver, flowers m blew. A de with diamonds wad exvel (he tablek viscOverme thelr invisible eye which gezoc undiet : auvtat heats © brianty acorbed ere aad. easing now and : ly Choe to. Aud sweplag wis lips how the same dis- & lew moments are Alter suppor dun uveasy tar advan dapeang fore, aud tois lighted the sky w fitful coruscations exting’ ite phorporeecent rac iations The Fatr of Novogored. ONE HUNDRED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OP ool SHIBITED. A letter from St. Peter’ stesager du Midi cou- tains the following details cf the last tair ab Niyjai Novo~ Korod -— The tot! swount of merebandive b t to the fair ie estimation at a); ths eapi- Wal rey to £00 milions country in Burope, there sia, Armenia, Georgia, Drought gooos for sale | The total valve of Burepean goous and those from the colonies was 10,904 800 rocbles, of winch salve were ef- fected for the sum of 9,366,000 rovbies. The amoant of Rostian merchandise was 76,714,000 roubies, ihe sales only being for 4,541,060. Tae vale of the tea brought to the fair wee 8,976,000 roubles, but the eales only amounted to 136,000. Financiel Prospects of the Russian Em- pire. St. Petersburg accounts state that the Gasactal position of Rugsia continues to be a subjict of much anxiety, and that the question ie whether the means of relief are to be found in @ loan or by some othergmethod. Toe result of the eon- version of bank bills mio tive per cent swok bas been the withérawal of about £42,000,000 of these bdilix from Circulation, an-i the run for money consequent upon we Teduction of interest from three per obliged the Bank to pay off an aidivonal £22,000,000, making a to:al of about £64,000,000 converted of can- celled out of the £125,000,000 criginaliy in the hands of the public. Of the balacce now ouetanivg it is estimated that a large proportion belongs to the agricultural ciasees, and others who are not likely to ask for paymeut; but, looking at the quantity for which provision may still have to be made, and the existing excess of the ordisary note circulation, the fact is admitted that a heavy amount will be required to restore the currency from the serious dis count at which it has go jong stoo’. That aloan will be raised if the money markets of Loncon ani Paria are found to admit of such an operation is not doubted. bat the recent depression that has prevailed bero from the ¢rain of bullion to India, has tended, among the commer- cial clanses at St. Petersburg, to check any sanguine feel- ing on that point. trom every sirom Per- Kniva, &9, who tof four aiiions. The Bankruptcy of Austria. Pesth (Feb. 3.) correspondence of London News.] e Btate of the Austrian empire aad the degree of con. fidence in its stability cantot be more graphically de scribed than by the following offiqialetatement, which shows the amount of the bullion in the Anstrian bank, ofthe bank notes in circulation, and of the discount of the notes, at the periods specified in the statement:— Bullion. bank Notes. Discount. Jan. 1,1889, (before New Year’s#} l percent. Feb. 1, 1869. 2 per cote. March 1, 1859. 8 por cant. Apri, 1859 5 per cont. May 1,'1859, (decla ration of war) 10,160,000 87,000,000 31 per cent. June 1, 1859. 9,000,000 42,900,000 July 1, 1859 7,008,000 45,800,000 August i, 1859, (after Villafranca) 7,800,000 48,600,960 16 per cent. Sept_1, 1569. 7,700,000 47'800,000 16 per cent. Oct. 1, 185! 7,900,000 47,210,990 19 per cont. Nov.t, 1869. 7,900,000 47,600,000 20 per cent. c. 1, 47,409,000 24 per cent. 46,600,060 23 per cent. 45,600,000 85 per cant. 46,060,000 33 per cent. Since sironlating mecfam, and the hank ig net bound and dues not redeem the note whilst rents and interests, annuities, and any wort of pay ment must be accepted in bank notes, which are the legal tender, you eee that the depreciation of the notes roba the capitalist, annuitant, public officer aud landowner just of one full third of their income. Again, we see that in apite of the pacific declarations of the Emperors both of France and Austria, the divtrust is #0 great as to keep the discount at thirty-three per ceut, thougn om the lth in- stant the first instalment of the Lombard indemoity money felis due at Paria with £300,000, t» be followed by farther ten bi-monthly instalments of £320,000 moro. ‘This ought to be an inducement for Austria to keep the Peace for noarly two years. Still we see everywhere Such preparations as authorize us to believe that the Em- peror of Austria believes in war,and wishes it. As re- arcs taxation, sa't and tobacco ere government monopo- sods there is a heavy = bi if thougn the land is alreaty taxed on which i ws; o2 spirits, on beer, and on butchers’ mei ote and” tos and euger pay heavy import dvties, and the land tax fs ingupportabie. From fn ¢state which 1 know but too weil, which is leased at £3,000 a year the leasee has tv pay to the government £1,200 as lan tex—that is to say, 3154 per cent of the net revenne, not tucluding the in¢irect taxation, the communal and munici- pal taxes, the itlegal exactions of the government officials, the blackmail witch we are obliged to pay to the gend- armes tbat they sbould not intrude on oar privacy ani not denounce us as ‘politically persons, and the Periodical extortions under the name of voluntary loans, patriotic subscriptions for raising volunteers, for the wounded soldiers of Solferino and Magenta, or, a8 was the case in 1856, contributions for loyal demonstrations oppreesion by political liberty, troys every vemtige of it, ana’ under their or tical circumstances they adhere to system. THE VERY LATEST. Lospon, Feb. 18—A. M. ‘THE CHINESE DIFFICULTY. ‘Tho London Star says it bas reason to believe that the and that if these pacific dispositions are met in an honora- ble spirit by England, all farther contest may be avoided. THE BUDGET AND THE CABINET. A leader in the London Herald indicates the line of argument that will probably be taken by the conservative party in support of Mr. Ducane’s amendment. ‘The London Herald complains that we are going out of