The New York Herald Newspaper, February 6, 1860, Page 2

LITION (% THE WEST INDIES. Practieal Results of Negro, Emancipation. TESTIMONY OF AN ENGLISH WRITER. Mow the British Colonies Have Been Ruined. ‘Toe Evil Day Staved Wtf for a Time by Imported Coolies. Tho Final and Utter Destruction of ‘the Islands Inevitable, ae, eo, a. ‘om the London Times, Jan. 6, 1860.) gen West ens oxp THN SPANISH MAIN. “By Anthony Prelinpe. London. We jooked for amusement only from Mr. Trotlops, aa we are wveigied to instruction, Ia the introcustion u Bix book we fod ourselves in the company of a man wh Jeoks only a! surfaces, who makes fun out of everythio, Be seee, and who threatens us with a large volam pleasant popsense, We are astonished at bis determ hop to amure us with the account of his miseries in email brig that smelt woefully of salt fish; we begin to ¢ tized when he spends sentence after sentence in descrily ing bow he spent two hours in a Jamaica sun, doing oo thing beyond roasting himself ative; and when he des ante on bitters—a first bittere, a second bitters, a thir Diters, telling us that “a long bitter duly swiggled is you froe West Indian siren,” we at once see that we are in for B— good business like amusement. Mr. Trollope, how ever, i better than he seems. He manages to do plea actly whatever be attempta, but his real object ir ‘writing the present work is a serious one, and we have t @@ank bim for a most valuable contribution to our book of travel. ‘Affairs of State,” as he describes them—which ‘we euppore to mean the affairs of the Post Office—com him to visit the West Indies and the Spanish Main, ‘nd be made the most of bis opportunities. He laughe ‘af the negroes, be made merry with the planters, but b: alee took av interest ip the politics of these regidps an Beadied the questions that are involved in them with much shrewdness. Necessarily the questions relating to the production of engar, and the several conditions of the ne gre, the coole and the planter received the larges: amount of bis attention, When he crossed over to the Spanish Main be was chiefly interested in questions of twaffic and the merits of canals and railways across the fhmus, Returning bome by way of the Bermudas, he Upearthed certain prison abuses for our delight. What witb negroes and convicts, sugar plantations and railway mdvances, we have evongh to think of without troubling enrseives with the lighter portions of Mr. Trollope’s vo- fume. In the present article we confine our attention to (we Wert lodies, and we propose to devote another paper to Central America and the Bermudas. se Negroes, coolies and planters: what is the position of each, apd what are the righta of each? In England it is much the custom to regard only the first of these. Bloods of pathetic eloquence ard long years of parliamen- tary struggling have taught us to imagine that the world was made for Sambo, and that the sole use of sugar is to sweeten Bewnto’s existence. The negro ts, no doubt, @ very amusing ead a very amiable fellow, and we ought to wish him well. Bat Ae is also @ lazy animal, without any foresight, ani Perc fore requiring to be ed and compelled. We must not Sucige him by ourselves. That he is capable of improvement ‘corrybody adm:ts, Lut in the meantime he is , tafe wiow—he ts but very little raised above @ mere anti e gegroes know this themselves. ‘They have no idea of country end no pride of race. They de: themselves. They know mothwg of Africa, except that It is a term of reproach, and (he pame which offends them most is that of a nigger. So Matle confidence have they ip apy being who hasan ad muxtore of the r blood thatpo negro will serve a mulatto when be cap serve a European or a white creole. In his won he calls the mulatto a nigger , and protests that he Brot, never will be like buckra man. These colored peo ple, too, despise themseloes, and in every le wry try to @eny thar Afruan parentage. They talk contemptuously @f the pure Diacks, whom they describe as dirty niggers, end nasty niggers, aud mere niggers. Mr. Trollope heard his sort of language in the mouth of one whom he bad absolutely taken for g negro, and who was not speaking abusively, but quietly giving the ordinary appellation of an iwlerior class, To compensate for this absence of price there is in the negro composition an excess of vant ‘Whoever would win the heart of a negro for an hour mast ca/l bim a gentieman. Whoever would reduc him % ceepair muet teil bim that be isa filthy nigger, that his father and mother had tails like monkeys, aad that he annot bave a Foul hke the white man. -Mr. Trollope @ es feme Very amusing wetances of the working of this Waukky, and perhaps the best of these is the story of the egro lady in white. One Sunday evening, as our autbor was rising with a planter over his estats, a young girl ‘was seen Walking bome from church, and’ arrayed from head to foot in virgio white. Her gloves wore on, and her parasol wax up, Her bat was white, so also was the lace, snd Fo were the bugles which adorned it She walket wih great diguity, and bebind her was an attendant vir gin who carried the lady's prayer book, as everything is @arried by negroes, on the head. As tbe fine lady passed the rivers she recoguized ber ‘Massa’ and courtesies Who on earth is that priocess?’’ said Mr. Trollope. ©They are two sisters who both work at my mill,” was fe reply. “Next Sunday they will change places; Polly wu have the parasol and the bat,and Jenny will’ carry the prayer book on ber bead bebind her’? This little in ident is very characteristic of the negro, who is void of elf rehance and w the creature of circwmstances. He is a ‘very funny sort of animal, and there is something iote- vesting in a being £0 dependent as he is on the sympathy @f others; but tt ts evident that he is scarcely jitted to take are of himsdf. He has no care for to morrow, and it is enough if he can strut for a little hour in his finery. His ‘Wirtues anc hie vices are mike those of momentary im pulse. Althoufin he is desperately fond of life, yet of he eam bie in the sun for an hour without pain he wild not drag Ddmsel! to the hospital to be cured of @ mortal disease. Ai though he loves his children, he will in bis rage ill uso them fearfully. Although he delights to hear them praised, Re will sell hts daughier’s virtue for a dollar. A little makes him happy, aud he ts so entirely a creature of the erent that nothing can make him permanently . Trollope comparcs him to a dog im his attachments. The dog is faithful to us, and so ts the negro. In return for eer protection the dogs give us all their hearts, but it is tot given in gratitude; and they abstain with all their pover from injury, but they do not abstain from judg ment. The master may use either his dog or his negro ever #0 cruelly—yet neither has any anger against him ‘when the pain is over. ifastranger should save either from such {ll usage, there would be no thankfulness after He moment Affection and faelty are things of custom swith him. As for the negro’s religion, our author 4 z=. to belong body, Brcanse there an eolement is allowed to them. which ts de ied én the Church of England. | They sing, they halloo, they scream, they have their revivals, they talk of their ‘dear Broders’’ and ‘‘dear sisters,” — yoo oa howlings some fun for their moncy."’ They have little er no per- Sea aeaten of their relation to the spiritual world, fad the extremely practical view of religion which they ‘tase is summed up in the verge of a hymn whi-h we pre- gent to Mr. Trollope for his next addition, as ii \strating the ecclesiastical convictions of the ‘dear broders’” in tho ‘United Ktates:— De Lord, be lub de niggar well; He know him niggar by de emell; And, when de niggar children cry, De Lord, he gib cem "possum pie.” ‘da these illustrations of character the chief thing to be wmotieed is that there is little self sustaining power and no gene of the futare in the negro—facts that are al! impor- ‘tant in determining the question of labor in the West In dies. A servile race, peculiarly fitted by nature for the Rardest physical work in a burning climate, the meyro jas mo desire for property stroma h to induce’ him to labor eth sustained power. He lives. hand to mouth. In order that he may have ‘weil work a little, but after ‘This in Jamaica he can (Sree trade have combined to throw "@f cultivation, and on these the megro squats, getting all Be wants with very little trouble, a: ! iH i starvation. masta; no starve now; God send plenty yam.’’ , be it observed,on which Sambo relies, and the strength i & ‘will finish for the week.” “But ‘where for other work?’’ it was . ‘will, and occupy a whole day in looking for it. bat others ae ee I do, and the end will be as I you.”” ‘The evil which thus te In Bardadovs i wus never felt at all, no Quashee squatting grownd in cultevated island; he bad to work quite as hard jom as when he was a slave. If he refused php te tbe eon ne, Rashes nen labor deen abundant in Barbados, which, all the West Eee een i hand chene sealer, Gn managat well. Guiana and Trinidad arejalso well to do, for, , they were circumstance’ very much as Jamaica ®, they took the bull by the horns in time, and overcame their by the expedient of Coolie immigration, edout which is only now alking, During ibe last NBW » oy P y » " or 12,000 immigrants, eight or ten year® some 10,000 res and Calcutta, have been chiefty Coolies from Madi | brought wto Prinidad, forming now above an eighth part of it entire population; and Guiana bas been equally blessed with labor, derived from China as we!) as Hindos- tan The women also are coming now as weil as the men, and they have learned to be prudent avd put money to- gether. These Coolies and the Chinamen returning to their own country with all the signs o1 prosperity, create @ desire in their friends to do as they have doue. The re- sult of this immigration, as regards Guiana, at least, is, that before long negro labor will, W not entirely displaced, be made at all events of recoudary importance in the colony. But here stepe in the Anti Siavery Soowty. and tries to pt & Blop to the system. The negro imagined that bis eman- cipation was to be an emancipaiou pot merely fro slavery, but from work, and Briush philanthropy pr pores to protect bim in bis | ziness from the competition of the Coolies. Not only so, but British philanthropy thinks of doing a service to the Coolie, who starves ia bis own country on two pence a day, by preventing him from earn- ing two shilling @ day in a different country. The idea o protectypg the negro ip this matter is of course absurd. If freedom is good tor the negro, it 18 good for the planter also, If the sugar of the plaoters jg not to be protected with differential duties, why is the labor of the negro to be proieetea by prohibitive enactments? The only ques- tien which is worth a moment’s consideration, reiates, not tothe negro, but to the Coolie. Is. there auy’ wrong done to the Coolie? Does be derive any real benefit from the -ystem? Can the system of Coolie immigration be in avy sense regarded as @ modern refinement of the old slave trade titat bas deen long abolisbed, as far as this country * concernes? Mr. Trollope says that no laborers in avy couvtry are so cared for, 80 cloeely provected, ao certainly saved from the usual wants and sorrows incident to the laboring classes, Taeir clothing, their food, their house accommodation, their amount of work and obiigatory pe riod of working with ove master—all these matters are inder government surveillance, and the planter who makes use of such labor ié nearly ag much under govern- ment inspection a8 if his estate were government pro. perty. If, us the British philanthropist woald have us, we were to regard as slavery the lease of bimself for a in detinea period to which the Coolie agrees, then all a prentices are slaves, indentured clerks are slaves, ervants bired for ® year or more are slaves, soltiers and sailors are slaves hen the Anti-Slavery Society declare biack or colored laborers brought from other laads to the West Indies canmot be considered free men, they put forth an irrelevant truiam. No man on the earth who enters into a contract is free, and save in this sense the Coolie or Chinaman who immigrates to tne West is per- ly free. He is pot kidvappe!. He embarks of bis m free will, be fuldls his term of labor, be makes joney, and be returns to bis friends to incite them to fol- ‘ow his exainple and to tell them of the wages be has re- ceived. When he arrives in the colony where he is to work he is sent to no estate until a government officer re- ports that there are proper bouses for him and his com. rades to occupy. There must be a hospital on the eatate, and a reguiar doctor with a suflicient salary. The rate of wages and the hours of work are’ stipulated; and, though the contract is for five years, a Coolie can leave the estate at the end of the frst three, transfer: his services to any other master, and finding himself at the end of bis five years entitiea to a free passage home, whither be returns, and often having his purse filled with ‘what is to bim great wealth. No English laborer is more Free than these Coolies, and Mr. Trollope says truly that in Ajecting to the tmmigration the Ante Society hare gone as much beymad their province as if the Anti-Corn Law League had chosen to sit in with the view of regulating the price of bread. This society would ba glad to throw the blame of all the ruin that has overtaken the planters upon their laziness, taeir ignorance and their ex- travagance. It is true that planters have been indiscreet, and heve attempted to torce their way without adequate resourcer, Dut nothing can be more shallow than to fix the responsibility of a ruin which has overwhelmed great and small, dixcreet and indiscreet alike, on the recklessness and feebleness of afew. Mr. Trollope states this pitbily ‘enough:—“It was not only the small men who fell, or they who may be supposed to have been hitherto living on an income raised to an unjustly high pitch. Ask the Glad- stone family what proceeds have come from their Jamaica property emcee the protective duty was abolished. Lora Howard de Walden say how he has fared.” It is time that the capitalist should be considered as well as the laborer, and the result of the Coolie system of immi- gration shows a clear gain not enly to the Coolie, but also to the planter. Trinidad, for example, is a large ialand, of which but @ comparatively small part is cultivated, tome portions, indeed, being but very imperfeotly known. We have alrea:y stated that some 10,000 or 12,000 Coolies from Hindostan have been imported, and we will now state the consequence. In two years—namely, from 1866 to 1857—“‘its imports were increased by one-third, ‘and its exports by two-thirds.” At least, 80 Mr. Trollope says; but we are not quiie sure that we understand him, for be immediately proceeds to explain himself in a sense which is scarcely reconcileable with his original state- ment. ‘In other words,” be says, ‘it produced with tte Cooiies three hogsheads of sugar where without them it oniy produced one:”” In that case it would appear that the exports have been trebled rather than increased by two thirds. Perbaps we ought not to expect arithmetical accuracy from a writer who glories in not being able to appreciate statistics, but whichever figure may be the more correct, we may at all events accept as trustworthy our author’s statement of what be saw and heard, that the difference to Trinidad is the difference between abse- lute distress and absolute prosperity. Few persors in England have realized to themselves whata planter is, and what he undertakes. He is a farmer, a r and a distiller all in one. He hes to ran all the risks incident to each of those branches of busi- pers, and to be conversant with all their details. First of all be hag to grow his crop of canes, which require the most unremitting attention through a long 89- ries Of months, the crops takivg fourteen months befure they reach maturity. When the crop is ready he is not in the position of the wheat-grower, who sends his corn to the miller, or of the cotton-grower, who disposes of his bales to the manufacturer of calico. He mast himself tarp manufacturer, and that, too, in a branch of business which requires ample and compficated machinery. He must have bis boiling houses and his trash-houses, his water-power aud his steam-power, his vacuum paos and his filtering bags. He must not only make sugar, he must make rum. There is no division of labor. Tne planter is iuvolyed in an accumulation of traces which makes him pecuilarly sengitive to the fluctuations of the labor market and the sliding of rival tariffs. In the old times he did well enough. Sometimes he made an enormous fortune; almost always he managed to live very comfortably. Within the last quarter of a ceutury, however, he has had to face a series of difficuiies which well deserve our con- sideration. First of all came emancipation, in which he was suddenly deprived of his slaves, the compensation which he got for their freedom being as ee compared with the actual value of their services. = teen, and we planter was in the greatest straits, when free trade came into vogue, and abolished the protection which had hitherto been ‘allowed to free-grown sugar. Emancipation was effected {0 the palmy days of j Uon, and it was some satisfaction to the planter that if he could not bave slaves he would not be asked to enter into neck and neck competition with other planters who had laves. It may be, indeed, doubted whether we should ever have seen emancipation if free trade had been car- ried firet. There are persons bold e@ough to maintain that free labor will always bold its own against slave la- bor, and surpass it; but be this the fact o- not, it will be admitted that the position of the planters when free trade came was @ most cruel one. It was just a the moment when they were in the greatest extremities for the want of free labor, when the negroes were in the moat perfect enjoyment of their idleness, when the coolies had not yet come to replace them and to incite their rivalry, when the labor market was in the lowest depth of disorganiza- tion and there was not a sign ef recovery, that the abdoli- tuon of protection came to prostrate the planters utterly. An immense number fell before the storm. Nothing could save them, and for a time it seemed as if there were very litte chance even for their successors, who obtained the selves in the same direction, up rises the Anti-Slavery to declare that the labor of the black min must be and that the Hindoo ts grossly injured when he is asked. to emigrate and to Vind himself for five years. Jamaica has teen pecyliarly unfortunate in this respect, for there the negro sects rs oie era " wre their say government: Taround members there are 800,00 blacks, 70,000 colored which is blessed with a King, Lords and Commons, in the Shape of a Governor, a Council and a House of Assembly, every man in Jamaica may vote who See ee rent, the only pressure which is put upon such a privilege Deing this, that the claim to vote must be shilling stamp. Jn Barbadoes, the oldest of our West In- diam settlements, and hitherto the most thriving, the: have 80 ed mattors that no colored man votes at It ig true every man is quaiifed to vote who is the owner of a freehold, but in an ialand where every inch of ground is cultivated it ts tolerably easy to prevent any of the or colored le from acquiring freeneld property. In Guiapa ol Trinidad, the only others of our ‘Weet Indian settlements which are important enough be named beside Jamaica, the government is more directly under the Crown and the Colonia! Office, so that the evils to which Jamaica has been subjected in the legislative 1 5 of the inhabitants are in great measure avvided. conse. quence of the ele toral franchise and the Parlic sys tem of am island in which the negro and colored ‘ are about five times as numerous as the whiles is that the colored population over the Europeans and the white Creoles serms to be every day becoming clearer; and, as this is purely the ascendeucy of numbere, Mr. Trollope draws the inference that the system of Lords and Commons is Dot suitable for the genius of the place, especially since there is no such provision in the Jamaica House of Assom- bly aa we find in our own House of Commons, whore the members are debarred from holding government con- tracts. It is astonishing, we are toid, how many of the government contracts are in the’ hands of mombers of the Jamaica Houre of Assembiy, which does not command the confidence of the planters, and is, indeed, 80 ludicrous in their eyes that, if tue white men could be polled, it is Stated that the majority would prefer to be rid of it'alto- gether, and to be governed, as Trinidad is, by a Governor and Council, with due powor of reference ts the Colonial Office. As Mr. Trollope was in a tavern, seeking sheller from the heat of the sun, he found to his amazement that he as tt very good company. for he heard a pure black say to his fel- lowe negro with considerable dégnity—"“T shall bring forward @ motiom on de subject im de House to marnno.”” Mas de hon’able gen’U'men who talk in dis way dat rule de of Jomatca, In Trinidad @uinaa, whore they have Bo House of Commons—or shall we call it House of Nig- gera?—with Mr. Speaker, motions for adjournment, and unlimited powers of sprech, they have managed 0 gob cooiies, anc through the cooliee to make a decent labor market. In Jamatoa, where the negro interest as well ag Repu the talking faculty is etrong, they have as yet succeeded | pe highly delighted.” No doubt of it. aes | | full force of such reply. | tts fertility, produces only the same im debating the matter. scarcely tren eee ae eet eee, oak }, Dut ome thing, at all events, ie i Our power—we may ry faire philant which woald justify the of J ip ite and would deprive the planters of the necessery su ES labor, fer ail, Some rights, and the planters de- serve some as they are to trust the Statewmen of England in pfeterence to the statesmen of Jamaica, we ought to bave some sympathy for a clas of me wee rely on the a ora as they lhe cg 8 more peculiar, says Mr. than the wa: ‘hich the word “home” is used in femaica, and in al he Britieh portion of the West 'W th the white people ic always signifies England, even though the peréou using the wera Prem ron there. ‘1 vid Serer trace the use of the word ip Jamaica, applied by white men or which they lived, not even though that home had been the dwelling of their fathers as well as of themasives, ‘The word Lome with them ie sacred, and means something It refers always bolier than a bubitation in the to the old country.” . Tt is different in their islands regard the West Indies as their country. Sometimes this love of the mother country takes a ludi- crous shape, Mr. Trollope fell in with ia sister of the famous Mrs. Seacole, who kept an ion, and could nover be inouced to abandon the idea that bee! and onwns, bread, cheese and beer are the only viands fit for an Eag- Nishman, So throughout the islavds the dinuer will be Jegaled with oxtail soup when turtle would be much Deaper; roast beef is consumed in great quantities, when yams, avocado pears, plantains and many otner nice thinge might be had for the gathering; bad tropics. English potatoes are ip demand; tinued meats are o religion, and pickles are a passion. Taking bis feeling into account, both in its serions nd its tudicrous aspecta, merical and political ‘Of the African and half- caste population in Jamateo, Mr. Trollope speculates on the future of the island, He finds colored people everywhere pushing themcelies the Governor's table, tn the Hine of Assembly, and im State parties; he finds, on the cther hand, the white race wm @ minority, aijlictet with a sort «f home swkness; and he naturally inquires what & be the result 1m the “ourse of time. It seems Likely enough that his expectation wild by realized, and another century may see African, coclic and white amalgamated into one mized race, among whom very few pure whales will be found. And here arises @ question for the poiitician. Will this mixed ras of black and white, with a slight infusion of covtie blood, be abie to bold its own in the face of the world? Are they capable of managing maiters for themselves? Will they be able to assert their independence, throw off the sense and babit of servility, and enjoy the rights of masterdow? The question i@ not one of immediate interest, and we only ailude to it fn passing as having some referende to the nature of the measures to be pursued for the benefit of the planters. If the colored and pure African races which are now pusbing their way and working up to @ complete aecencancy ia the island are capable of states- manebip, and are not what Mr. Carlyle would regard as miserable niggers gone masterless, the measure which Mr. Trollope discusses but does not recommend—namely, the controlling, if mot the entire abolition, of the House of Assembly—might be even lees desirable than at present it appears to be, and we ought to seek for the plaater’s advantage in @ lens radical method of cure. Ag it is, we Jind that continually fewer Europeans now turn to the West Indies in quest of fortune, and very few indeed think of re- maining there permanently. Ag tar as Jamaica is concern- ed what is there to tempt the Englishman’ it isa fact that half the sugar estates, and more than half the coffee planta tiems have gone back wnto a state of bush, and a great portion Of these who are now growing canes in Jamaica are perwms ‘who have lately bought the estates ‘“for the value of the copper ‘in the sugar builers and +f the metal in the rum stills.” e vr Soctety will scarcely believe in the poverty and of the planter. because they hear wonderful accounts of s hospitality. “We send word to the , ry poor, say the pester also wnto account the nu- and send ait somebody to see. For this somebody we kill the Satted cif and bring out a Loltle or hoo of our best. H: goes | “home and reports that these Jamatca, are who acim in claret and champagne.” Planter accordingly mukes the complaint, ‘This is rather hard, seeing that our common fare ts salt fish and rum and water.” Mr. ‘Trollope advised the planters to luce their ordinary fare on such occasions, but the reply was, “Yes, and then we should get it on the other cheek. We should be abused for our stingioces. No Jamaica man could stand that.” In | England we are scarcely in a ition to underetand the ‘e do not understand why man should indulge in hospitalities which he cannot well afford, but then in a land where hotels are abundant and good the duty of hospitality is not felt as in a district where travellers can flud no houses of public entertain- Ment, and depend for thelr comfort on tho consideration of private individuals. In such a district hospitality be comes the first of all duties, and a man prefers rather to starve than to be ungenerous. It may be that four or five travellers come in upon the planter at nine o’clock at night and expect a dinner, which tt is not easy to provide at such ao bour, as meat will not keep in so warm a cli- mate; butit is provided freely. The best of everything fe ret’before the vuinvited guest, and the hospitality is a treedom which sometimes astonished Mr. ‘What! no Worcester sauce?” gaid one gues: to his host, as if he were talking to an innkeeper. “No Worcester sauce! Gammon! Make the fellow go aud Jook for it;”’ and the sauce was forthcoming. If we might trust Mr. Tro!lope’s statistics, the French islands of the West Indice manage tttiogs a good deal bet- ter than we do. Guadaloupe and Martinique are not very impoewg ie!ands on the map, yet the ove manages to pro duce over.60,000 and the otber nearly 70,000 hogsheads of Pa oe gee ubis with the yield of our own colonics. idad pradvces 40,000; Jamaica, in spre of its size and quantity; Barbadocs exports about 50,000, and Guiana coutrives to sell 70,000. Of these it will be seen that Guiana is the British colony which produces the largest quantity, though, for its size, Barbadoes seems to be doing the best. Guiana, too, pro duces the largest quantity of rum as well as of sugar, thoogh the quality of the Jamaica liquor st!!! maintains t superiority. The svgar capabilities of Gain, indeed, are enormous. “Sugar!” said a Demarara planter, “are you talking of sugary Give me my heart's desire in coolies, and J will make you a million of hogsteads of sugar without stirring from the colony’’—a very brilliant prospect, secing that at the present moment the worla’s | supply of sugar is littie more than a mitilion and a half. There is un unlimited supply of the most fertile soil. From the ocean backwards to the roots of the Andes the Planter might cultivate it ithe could only get the coolies, and Guiana bas been more succesgful in that respect than. apy of our colonics. In the use of machinery as well as of the coolics the Guiana planters have exhibited great enterprise. Mr. Trollope, without professing to be either ‘& sugar-grower or a mechanic, states very positively that on three or four estates in Temerara he saw machinery and management which much exceeded anything that be had obgerved in any of our own West India Islands. The machinery was, indeed, equal to.what he had sreo in Ca- ba. Everything fs done on a great scale. In the islands it is @ great thing for uplapter to produce 200 hogsheads. In Guiana they turn out 800, 1,000 and 1,200—a hogshead being sometbing lees than a ton, aud in value let us say roundly £25. Unlike the usage of the island estates, there ig steam on every estate in Guiana. The vacuum pan and the centrifugal machine for extracting the molasses— scarcely known in the islancs—are common appliances tn Demarara. The result is that the sugar is of a qualit: which such an isinnd as Barbadoes cavnot pom f Barbadoes being a plucky little island in its way, is quite satiefied with its own performances, and if it bas no vacuum pans and centrifugal ma- chines, declares with great satisfaction that it manages to clear greater profits than Guiapa, spite of machinery. That, however, is just the question at issue. Whether is better a small yield of eugar with larg profits por hogs. bead, or a very large yield with smaller profits? In long run the latter mothod is sure to prove the more pro- fitable. Sugar is made in Bar badoes in a very old-fashion- ed way, the only modern improvement that is adopted being, we believe, the use of gcano, which, after all, is a very doubtful improvement. The guano, it is true, pro- cures @ great crop, but it seems to injure both the goil and the sugar. The canes do not ratoon ag they used to do— that ig to say, they do not yield their second crops and third and fourth of the same value as before the use of guane. There are cases in which canes have been known to ratoon—that is, alter being cut down to grow again and Produce—for twenty years, but no such thing is sible with guano. Stil, the Barbadians are quite aatisfed with themselves, and are iaclined to sneer at the machinery of Guiapa and the doings of all the islands except their own. “The superiority of Barbadoes cannot be doubted,”” said Mr. Trollope, meaning to humor them, “but which co Tony is second in the rave?” “It is impossible to say; nome @ them are doing well. They have no labor—they can't make returns. Just tok at their clearances, and. then look at ours.” “Jamaica sugar is paying now,” observed our au- thor. “Jamaica has tecn destroyed root and branch,” és the rey “No one can lament it more than I do—a fine id, Dut utterly ruined!” ‘Magnificent scenery!” says. Mr. Trollope, and he meets with the answer, ‘‘But it can’t make eugar.’” “What of Trinidad?” Mr. Trollope asks. “A fine wild island, and perhaps some day we may got coal there.” “But Demerara makes a little hy gO our friend pute in. “It makes deuced little money, I know,”” is the retort. ‘But their steam engines?’ “Look at their clearancee—they Lave none.” “At any rate they have got beyond windmills.” “Bocause they have got no wind—a low mud bank, beiow the sealevel.” ‘Buta five country for sugar.”” “ don't know what sugar ia.” Look at their vacuum’, ,”” said Mr. Trellope. ‘AIL my ey “And their filtering 1 “Filter “‘Contrifugal machines.” <‘We’ve them and abandoned them long ago.” ‘Their sugar is aw. white, and yours is a dirty brown.’’ ‘Their suger on’t pey, and ours dves.’’ And Mr. Trollope retired from the field, silenced but not convinoed. Our readers may have noticed what we stated above, that the author, in impor 4 the machinery of the Dema- Tara estates, said that it is beyond amything to be found im the British Weet Indies, and gave it the highest raiee in observing that it is unsurpassed even what je Baw in Cuba. What with machinery and slave labor the Cuban s make a good thing of it, and put the Brith grower to his wits’ end. During the erop time the are allowed only six hours of sleep out of the twenty-fonr, and two more hours for meals, the remaining sixteen being devoted to work every day of the week, Sunday included. During the remainder of the year their labor averages twelve hours a day, and one day of rest in the week is usually allowed to them. By moana of this sys- tem, whieh, r all, ig not very oppreastve to ne- groes, who appear to be slenk and Tht, ibe pushers Gon. trive to get three hogeheads per acre out of the ground, and the machinery, conjoined with slavery, evables them to take these hogsbeads to market at a figare which runs our lege favored friends very close. We cannot dwell up- on Mr. Trollope’s account of Cuba. Phe chirf conclusions at which he arrined are that the negroes are, on the whole, well off, the laws being favorable to their emancipation; and iat the colony 1s s0 badly —— by the Spanish authori- Lara egy aed by for the island when tt is an- noaed to the United . We mnst not divert attention from the British West ladies by ontering into their details. Our sugar colonies have cuffered enormously, and it is time that we should bestow upon them our sympathy. If by means of Mr. Trellope’s pleagant pages attention is turned to these islands, and some encouragement is afforded to our plan- ters, the author may regard bis book of travels as the most ueeful, if not the most brilliant volume, which be has yet published. —_—_——_—_ Parnoxep.—Gov. Burton, of Delawate, pardoned Alexander Robinson and Samuel Turner, who were sen- tonced to be bung on Fretay, Feoruary 3, for an out- rage onafemaln. They were set at {ibe fast. The Delaware ican save: THE WAY THE CITY TREASURY 18 PLERCED, Frauds in the Street Depart- ment=—A Curious Developement. Im his annual report for 1869, Street Commissioner Smith said:— ‘The Bureau of Roads was, until the Sist day of August, under the superintendence of Mr, John Nesbit. A short time previously it was intimated to me that there was an important difference between the amount of material of « certain kind actually furnisbed for road covering aud the amount cbarged for in bis vouchers; whereupon I imme diately declined to draw further requisitions upon the Comptrolier for payment of his certided vouchers, and directed an actual examination to be made without delay into the affairs of his bureau, which resulted in Mr. Nes- it’s resignation. The details in regard wo the matier, 80 far as known at that time, were lai oefore his Honor the Mayor, and a statement in writing mads to the District Attorney, & Soe of which is herewita transmiuted. (See appendix K.) ce that time, by my direction, measures have been taken by whicbI hoped w have arrived at all the facta in the case. The result of these investigations, which were but recently completed, will be found in state- mente signed by Mr. S. B. Cozzens, Acung 8aperinteadent of Roads, during the illness of the Saperinteadent, which are appended to the report of that officer, herewith trans- mitted, The whole of the facts in this case, so far a3 ktown, are pow returned to the Saperintendent of Police, for euch action a8 deemed proper. Ia order to show the ingenious system by which frauds of this character are earried out, we pow publigh the com. munication of the Street Commissioner to the District At- torney, gether with the report of Mr. Cozzens, above re- New York, Sept. 3, 1359. ferred w. Natson J. Warxrnury, 5 ATTORNEY :~—~ Sin—Herewith loecd 1 transmit to you a statement of the result of an investigation made in this office in relation to the purchase of and pay ment for limestone chips by the late Superintendent of Roads, John Nesbit; copies of let- ters addressed by me to the Superintendent of Roads while the investigation was being made, and of the replice thereto, and copy of the report of the clerk sent to the diferent places from which the material was said to be obtained, also my statement, which I read on the 30th ult, to the then Superintendent of Roade, ip the presence of his Honor the Mayor and Edward Cooper, Esq. Copies of the same have been fent to the Mayor. I have conversed with Mr. Doyle, of your office, in presence of the above named gentiemen, upon this subject, and have called twice to see him, but have not succeeded in tinding him in, These decuments are pow sent to you for such action as you may deom ad- visable, and any further information within my power which you may require will be cheerfully furnished. G. W. SMITH, Street Commissioner. Srreer Commmsstoren’s Orrice, ‘August 31, 1869. From the 17th of May to the 6th of August, this year, we have drawn requisitions for payment of 14,442 tons of Kmestone chips, material for road covering, at seventy tive cemts per ton, amounting to $10,831 60, and vouchers have been gent in for 1,746 tons, at 76 cents, amounting to $1,308 75 in addition thereto. ‘Ting amount of materials, it appears, has been received, and money expended without any record to show what number of cargoes have been delivered, nor at what time, or how much in each cargo; and when an invesugation is made I cappot obtain this information from the superin- tendent nor the foreman, nor from the books of the ofiice of the Burean of Roads: no original bills have been ren- dered for this material, nor were any required by the su- periptendent. : It seems that the general foreman was required to inform the superintendent of the arrival of the various yeasels at Gifferent points along the line, which ho did, bat kept neither Tecord nor memorandum. The other foreman (for a portion only, of the time) kept tally of the number of cart loads brought by the different vessels, and handed a rough Memorandum to the superintendent; some of those have been pregorved in the office of the bureau and some have not. It appears that the vouchers were made out from those memoranda, and that the amounts were entered upon the vouchers in “cart loads,” aod the price per ‘tons’ was charged. What the Saperintendent says in letter of the ‘24th ix not satisfactory upon tbis point. The circular letter of instructions from this office, upon which is based the whole system of ‘‘office business” of the Street Department, ated June 10, 1864, was furnizhed to the Spperintendent of Roads. It requires that a ‘book of matervals’’ eball be kept, in which wili be entered un- der its appropriate head aby kind of materials received, Specifying kind, quantity and cost. No such book has been kept. This circular also requires that a ‘Time Ledger’’ shall be kept, in which will be recorded daily the time made by each individual employed 7 the day. This bas not been kept. Thecircular referred to closes with the foliowing Deragranh, vizi— ‘i “The disorder, confasion and doubt pervading every branch of the department, including the main office, a8 well as those of the bureaus, call for immediate chauge. ‘The Commissioner confidently relies upon the co-opera- tion of ail the superintendents and subordinates in the department to aid him in regulating the public business under bis charge.”” I find that only 7,785 tons in all have been procured from the quarry by these vessels within the time speci- fled above. This memorandum was read to the Superintendent of Roave by the Strect Commissioner, in presence of the Mayor and Mr. Edward Cooper, on the 80th of August, 1859, at which time the accompanying statement was also Presented:— Avuust 31, 1859. Hox. D. F. Taman, avor:— Sin--Herewith incivsed I transmit to you a statement of the resuit of an investigation made in this office in relation to the purchase of and paymeut for limestone chips by the Superintendent of Roads, Jolin Nesbit, copies of letters ad. drested by me to the Superintendent of Roads while the investigation was being made, and of the replies theroto, and copy of the report of the clerk sent to the different places srom which the material was said to be obtained, also by Ai 3 *tatement, which was yesterday read by me to the Superintendent of Roads in your Honor’s presence, G. W. SMITH, Street Commissioner. REPORT OF J. B. COZZENS. Srreer 1ONER'S OFvice,, Dec 27, 1950. G. W. Sarm, Esq , Street Commmeaoner:— Sim:—Ry order I have to report on the facts developed in the investigation J have been making relative to the purchase and delivery of the limestone material used on the roads during the administration of John Nesbit, iate fie otras ‘of Roads. Tmaterial comes from the Tompkins’ Cove Line LETTRR OF COMMORSIONER SOUTH. ‘Sraxet Commusioner’s Orrice, Company. It cannot be had at any other place in large ‘quaniiti “On the 19th of August you addresaed Mr. John Nesbit the tollowing letter:— Jous Nxsurr, Ksq., Superintendent of Roads— Str—Ple: inform me from what place the material now being used for cove: the roads is obtained, and the names of tho yeeseis employed in br the mate- rial, the whofe number of tons delivered by each vessel, ‘and the price therefor, and to whom paid. I wish this statement on Monday morning next. G. W. SMITH, Street Commissioner. To which be made a reply, a copy of which is annexed, vie Brreav op Roaps, At 3, 1859. G._W. Santa, Esq, Sircet nl Sim—In aswer to your communication of the 19th I would State that the following are the names of the vessels em. ployed in. bringing the material, to whom monoys were pe, and the price per ton:— Samuel Bair, per scr. G. W. Parnell « sloop Ann Mari mon Gage, per enon ea Mat. Lawson, per Glide and . ‘Thomas Morgan, per sloop Star. A A. Worden, per sloops Ann Amelia, Emi. ly and Jumes Smith......... 0. 064 2,878 Thomas Cautkin, per schrs. Star and Ma- FY Wallidg.........c0cs0csssveesessee2Q00 ¢ The matrial has for the most part been brought from Stoney Point, Kingston, Rondout and Verplanck’s Point, a the Hudson river. JOHN NESBIT, Superintendent of Roads. Srawer Commsciover’s Orricr, August 24, 1859, Joun Nesut, Fsq., Superintendent of Roaas— You will ploase send to this office the original bills Upon which vouchers were drawn in your office for the materia) used as road covering, also the rocord of the material received. You will please say in what manner the number of tons wae determined, and also state whai number of cart ioads have been used. + G. W. SMITH, Street Commissioner. Brnuav ov Rosps, Angust 24, 1859. G. W. Sor, Street Commissioner :— ‘Sm—In answer to your letter of the 24th inst. I can only say that the vessels carrying 80 tons turned out from 100 to 110 leads, and thoee carrying 100 tons turned out from 140 to 150 loads. The forémen of the several gangs kept the amount of material delivered. JOHN NESBIT, Superintendent of Roads. There were no origival bills eent with this note, as re- quested, nor wore there any found tn the Bureau of Roads, hk pine ation oe John Nesbit. 'm. Berragan, Ton the Toad, , that he kept account of the cart loads ot this maleria when landed from the vessels in a memorandum beok, ‘and that some time in the Sion August, Mr. John Neabit sent to bis house during his abeence and’ procured this book. Mr. Neebit denies this statement. ‘On receipt of Mr. Nesbit’s letter, dated August 234, 1 was directed to visit the places named, and having done 80, reported to you as per copy annexed. ‘Sraert Comanssionen’s Orrick, Aug. 27, 1850. CW. Surm, Haq. Btreet Commissioner? 7? 1808, Stoney had 600 at 75 cents. "300 Sir—By your order visited V¢ ’s Point, Point, ‘ston and Roundout. “Tfouna thes there been no limestone chips delivered from either of the Lai! camcare Jam convinced that all the material came from pkin’s Cove. Stoney Point is about two miles from Tompkin’s Cove. : JOHN B. COZZENS. I visited the Tompkin’s Cove Lime Company on or about ip dten ghd pee te ie up to the 24th of ugust © company only 8, gross toms, Or 9,226 2-5 net tons (see exhibit a). ey ond captains’ names, or parties who were by Mr. Nesbit, correspond with the company’s with the ,exception of vouchers drawn by Mr. Nesbit in favor of William Cornell and John Conway (see tabular statement). Tho whole amount of vouchers drawn by Mir. Nesbit up to the 26th day of August, 1860, fer this material, amounts to 17,074 net tons, including vouche: re for #,455 net tons drawn by Mr. Nesbit, Superintendent of Roads, in favor of the following parties: Samuel Blair. sees 450 tons, at 75 cents, $337 50 Simon Gage 3806 285 00 Thomas Morge eg 375 00 Alanson Worden, 330 247 60 360 270 00 AB “ 326 25 —which, after the investigation took place, the Street Gom- miss'oner refused to pay, as the report showed that ths city had already paid mater al than they had furnished. The Ld — stated that Caf more sand gravel (limestone chips} for at the 5 : Toe Street had always carried than they had pid 00 thelr representations, YORK HERALD,/ MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1860.—TRIPLE) SHBET ! of the echooner Star, which if { i } \ . y were during the summer in Pema use of the that the failure is to be of the owners of the vessels which the experiment wys Je\tor Contains an outline Wisi deg rea ARREN SEARING, be Dear Sin—Thie note’ will be banded ou will recogpiae the vessels employed by Mr. Nest in Dringing limestone gravel for the use of the been engeged by the Street bring & of the same material, ferve ag a test of those formerly brought b; you, therefere, please to see to it that she pearly as ib nm Su smeee' sooner a sume method rmining the amo: carries whieh you did in her case before? Thi per cee serine feces oa our company and the partment, ap y Toeeelines cane wake out yeur bilis against the peg endorsing upon the back of it tho fact that she is load as formerly while freigbting this material for the city, ‘apd algo your mode of testing the weight of the cargo. I Will welte you in a day oF two, on the subject ot # futare arrangement between your company m7 mente % saa L. SOUTHARD. ‘The captain of the Star, upon returning kin’s Cove with a load, produced the following certificate indorsed on the back. It was evidently furnished with Ti Socniann, Superintendent of Roada UTHARD, Superintendent — Dear Sin—The schooner Star is now loaded down about the mark she formerly loaded to when carrying to Mr, Nesbit. In some imstances sho was not quite as deep as he now is. WARREN SEARING, Sec’y the Tompkin’s Cove Lime Company. Cargoes have since been delivered by the Henrietta Jane, Glide, Mary Wailing and Purnell, bat in no case bave'the owners of the vessels produced the certificate, the Secretary of the Lime Company, which the orig! arrangement contemplated. ‘The reason why this certificate was not produced wil appear from the following letter:— Octonmr 15, 1859. H. L. Sovrnarp, New York:— Dsir Sm:—We have loaded several boats with gravel for you, and sent bills without indorsing as you requested. ‘We could not do it, as the captains deter: Having 5 larger load than they have been in the habit of carryi during the past summer. wei das WARREN SEARING, Secretary the Tompkins’ Cove Lime Company. Thus it will be seen that the conditions of the agree- ment have been violated, and the whole object‘of the ex- periment defeated by the action of the owners of the Vessels. js not the only point of view in winch at least some of bave failed to abide by the agreement; but I for- Dear at present to refer to other facts, aslam not yet prepare@ to furnish you with the evidence in detail with which I desire to accompany the statement. Enough has, 1} presume, been said to satisfy you that the cargoes brought by —— vessels arc useless as @ test of their ordinary capcity. 7 L. SOUTHARD, Sup’t of Roads. The following vessels have brought test cargoes that have been weighed in New York:— Hi 4 | 4 E Feiss Be zg § a = = Be mame op UaR BE 22 Naw of vessel, Names of S223 22 Sty weighed in see “Copain, TER FE SE eephel © SRE FEE a 3 G. G, Purpell.. Bam’l Blair. 78 or 84. 111% 60 52 59th street. Henrietin Jane. 8. Gage, 60 or 61.20 67 £3.54 Tw byH'ok. ree eee Goor Gt SEK GS Sath street. MaryA Walling. T. Culkin. 450r 50 99 » 42.66 r9th street. Seen cc ieee BS om Ann Maria...... M. Dayton. 750r 84 7934 52 04 M’nhat' vie. It will be seen that there ig a greater difference in the above weight than the Custom! Howe register tonnage calls for. ‘The Mary Walling, only 42.66 Custom House carrying...... sesececeeess++ 99 mot tons, mo Henrictea Jane, only 68.94 Custom House Tegister CAFTYIOg nase nnssiecrenes BOK © The Siar, 6219°Custom House register, ae wel Q ani tof the Hoarietia Jano snd Glide were’ added to while on the wharf at the foot of Fifty-ninth street. I also think that those of the G. W. Purnell, Mary Walling‘ and Star were all added to while unloading. Mr. H. L. Southard employed FE. A. 0. Dickinson to watch the material on the 15th of October at the foot of Fifty-ninth street, who makes the following report— New York, Oct. 31, 1859. To Hewry L. Sovrmaxp, Baq., Sup’t of Roads:— On Saturday, October 15. i was requested by you to go to the foot of Hifty-ninth street, North River, where the vessels Gide and Henrietta Jane were unloading lima- stone chipe, to see whether on heaps of limestone chips which were laying on the dock, any thing was added to or taken off. [stayed around the place from 3 o'clock, P. M., on the 15th inst., unti) 10 A. M. on the 17th inst, but discovered no changes in the heaps before I left on the 1ith. I adopted the follow’ manner of det whether any changes wero le during the time I was absent:—1 trampled a path about two feet wide on the top of a heap of limestone chips which had been taken from tho Henrietta Jane; then I took a piece of china, broke it in several pieces, and placed these pieces in different places on the path and on the side of the heap, and on a heap of limestone chips which had been taken from the Glide I put several pieces of rosin. The following Friday, 21st inst., you told mo that you thought something bad been added to those heaps, and requested me to go up again and examine same. When I went up I found that the path and pieces of china on one heap and rosin on the other was notto be seen. Then I took a shovel and dug down to the depth of about eightcen inches, where I found the’ path and one piece of china; did not look for any more that day; I gave the piece of china to lok Meee ee inst., and called Mr. Quirk and Mr. Me to the spot; caused the latter to dig down into the be psd Bolger ‘we discovered the and two more pieces of , which I gave to you, jt up again on the 25th inst. ; had charge of the wélghing of the said limestone chips, and during the day 1 found one more of china, which — ‘to you, the whole namber of the pieces of ehina I foun Doing four (4.) ‘These facts cause me to beheve that the height of the heap had been increased by eighteen inches. As for the heap from the Glide, I did not find any of the marks which Iput on the heap, but am well satisfled by the appearance the heap that something had been addod to that also, E. A. 0. DICKINSON. ‘The above statement shows that the cargoes of the Hen- riett Jane aud Glide were added to while on the wharf at the foot of Fifty-ninth street, and with my testimony will prove the fact. Mr. Nesbit has drawn vouchers in favor of John Con- way for 465 tons of this material, amounting to $348 76, also, in favor of Wiliam Cornell for 1,413 tons, or $1,- 059 76. ‘On the 7th of October you addroesed the following com- muaication to Mr. Nesbit:— jowun’s Oveice, Oct. 7, 1859. Street Joun Naenar, Keq.— Sir—Will you please inform this Department the name ‘of the vessel that brought thé limestone chips that William Cornell was paid for. May 17, load May 28, June 6 Juve 14. June 27 ‘Total loads or a2 . W. SMITH, Street Commissioner. Mr, Nesbit has nover answered this letter. In his let- ter of the 23d of August (see bp, acd he does not give the name of the above parties. Tompkins’ Cove Lime Company have not the above names on their books. The ‘warrants of the Comptroller in the payment of the above — are endorsed by William Cornell and George lonntjoy. . For turther details eee appended papers marked A. Al of which I beg respectfally to submit. JOHN B. COZENS, Dac. 20, 1859. Acting Superintendent of ‘The following statement shows the difference in the ag- gregate between the amount of road ‘And the amount charged for by Mr. Besbit:— Registered bis bees Number of net tons in Diflerence between the number of tons as shown ‘by the books of the Y, and the num- ber of tons for ‘which Ar. Nesbit eerdited vouchers seeeeee the whole material delivered, as shown sh Per books of the Company, estimated at 25 jesbit drew vouchers....12,805 50 ference between the amount for which Nesbit has drawn vouchers, and the material found, shown by the books of the Company, estimated at 75 cents per ton. Domestic News Items, Tar Cuay Statve ws Ricuwonp.—The Legislatare of Virginia Llgd se nnt & resolution authorizing tho Ladies’ Clay Statue Association of Virginia to erect a marble statue of Henry Chay on the Capitol square. THOMASTON AND BARWESvILIX RAILROAD POR Surz—We notice in the Upson Pilot, that this road is offered for sale by the Sheriff, on the first Tuesday in Aori!. The ex. ecution, we understand, is for $22,440, which was bor- rowed to aid in its construction. eo, Onciin county, and Soult Hi, Sica ate connty, it y bes Y., have been discontinued. premiers (Fe Ox Triat-—Richard Jones ison trial at Pj for the murder of his wife—formeriy Mary ‘Dee? re has plead Pad Some A on rane was Pliehed al woman act of adaitery, " by won ie jaitery,on the Mo Mame Rar.koane—A project is on foot to consolidate all the railroads in Maine” rm Frese ty Harreors.—On the Sist ult. about 40,900 feot of latbs, Belonging to C. C » Were burned ap, the Hartford Coal Oil Galery ond te Goa wubeeqnent cenflagration. The loss is abo 2, ‘whieh 96,0001 SaSared la Poilndenphas, P70" $22,000, om yeoryy The Colored Refugees im © : ‘They im = Worse Condition in Than in Slavery? ‘10 THE EDITOR OF THES HERALD. 4 few days ago my atiention was called to the Bous report of your correspondent commissioned te 61 plore the condition cf the col.red people in Canad Presuming that yourself and the readers of the desire a ‘more perfect knowledge” of the facts in care than your correspondent was able to collect im hb brief visit, and knowing positively that his have led him into great errors in many important p culars, I crave a hearing in your columns. You will th more readily gravt this request when informed that f eight years my time has been almost exclusively do to the moral, intellectual and physical elevation ef Tefugees. ‘he things tha; I affirm, therefore, are know. first of all, let me correct an error not confined Hexatp, respecting the Underground Railroad] North and South the impression has gone ‘that the fugitives in Canada have been away from their masters by abolitionists, that there is a regular organization for purrose. Now, I have the means for that neither of these impressions is correct. I mean that of the forty thousand colored persons in Canada, one in a bundred has been enticed from his master white persons. This is not saying that no white maa h ever tempted a slave from the South, for it is well that this has been done. I know, personalty, the sen of siavchoider who ferreted away nearly ail bie father’ slaves, then his uocle’s, and then others. I could one cr two other cases; but these cases, like all angels’ vitits, are few and far between. Nor do I mo to eay that these fugitives are not fed, and clothed, sheltered by abolitionists and anti-aboiitionists, wht op their way to Canada, for they are; and I have not coubt that the editor of the Henap would give a leaf d bread to one of these runaways, should fad ‘faint . way to Canada. Ihave told by fn panel that it they hype flod a slave from @ cruel master they would not ouly not bien but would help him along. v ~~ ‘This leads me to reveal the secret causes that impel t slaves to seek a home in Canada. A large class run : to avoid being sold down South, « second class to from cruel masters, and a third purely from @ leve o freedom. I could give hundreds of cases from each these classes that bave come under my own 0 Some of these I have narrated to slavebokders, ana the; have justified theirescape. I will not omit to sey th sometimes a man finds his way t?Canada, leaving 4 or chicren bebind, and that his love for these rend him successful in efforts for their rescue. This, them, the secret of that wonderful institution called “the w Next we come to the condition people in Canada; the means for their elevation, their ability to care for themeelves. 1 will reverse order, and ask why can they not, with a proper provide for their own wants? Has ore 80 their powers as thus to disable them? 00, 1y “devie means for relieving them from these disabiiie It is pot generally known to the world that full one-balf o the arriva's from the South are children of white fi Startling as this dectaration may be, it is true. Apd some of them are men kuown and dist Ihave known whole families to arrive in Canada f the South with scarcely a particle of African bicod in their faces. The philosophy of the case is, clearly on the side of the runaways. Let us a tor the facts. That any one who chooses can find materials in O writing a sad history, is not to be denied; but it te to be remembered that these people are what slavery made them. Ses Canada with dwarfed perverted moral natures, profound ignorance poverty, as most of them do, this is to be placud to of the school whicb, after a prot 7, down,” leaving his colored brethren unpaid—taus want and sorrow the families of a score had assiated in getting out the wood. A railroad co fete sabaok-t a beagto ae , and pay day came he c money, leaving to reflect upon the superior honesty of white meo. All the year these le are coming t ma These oe eee to be worse, but like the re of mankind. I will vot omit to say, however, that th majority of the Canadians are entirely kind to these p ple, and do much to relieve the destitute. Let us turn now to the means and outlays for their vation. On their arrivai in Canada not one in a bund can read a word; they bave not a shilling in their poo nor a blanket for the first night, nor a shelter for th heads. Now, sy & plight are not p subjects of charity, then charity should come to an e low re the charities were needy condition than the fugitives on their arrival Canada; and yet the sum expended on the few bundre: suflerers at Lawrence ‘exceeds all the money ever rece! od teelpisbitew ag gre Lente fagitives in Gan In this atatement I do not include the lands of the yan purchase money returns to the stoekh ers; but I do include the lands of the Home 80 ty, every dollar of whose funds is to the SE ate eae tenatn is jety, les an outfit for comers, has established and assisted several schoo ee eee domes for @ large number of fi These families are most of them now independent ‘They piromepenet the native forests by cornfields, cow or two, ase cee ce hora ia ‘ae 94 other domestic comforts. — Proving in condition. ‘The statements and opinions of the Detroit Free concerning this eociety are not reliable, ag the editer that sheet bas but one eye, and that is an “evil oye; hence his whole body (the ‘Free Press) o Tu illustration of this statement, a Pree Press aseured the South that, such of the fugitives in Canada, that ir their come for them, hundreds would rejoice them. This report was effectual upon the single slavcholder,who bad three fine ‘He came all the way to Detroit, and, found the objects of hopeful pursuit.’ He with flattering promises, but it was “no go,” decoyed into a by-place by these same boys, seized, beri om Semon Goan ee M whip. 1B Feleasca ht hastened toa r for redress, but soni paneeny formed that his designs for kidna, the Queen’s Ject# were known, and that if he longer in Majesty's dominions « severer ardeal would await Poor Mr. Paine (our adventurer) returned to the South wieer if not a better man. But the curses he invoked upon the Free Press for afflicttve misrepreseniations, are still garnered in troubled memory of its editor. > Ihave only to say eul Of the Refuge Home its officers and friends embrace most of the y pecuniary compensation; and the past fall and winter one of its friends has spent mo of unsuspended toil, from five to fifteen miles day, eolictting aid for those people, and receiving no o ““Belore closing this article T wil Corey ek if ar: inne arta correct afew + In reference to the depreciation of propert; for. Soon after the completion of the Groat We Railroad, real estate ran up in this town to fabulou Prices, and remained 60, notwi thstanding the : of the colored lation, ‘groat Anancial Feveluticn rolled “over the Weer thee ‘West; then everything wen down, and has been downevor since. But this et ras uo more affected by tho colored people than are. thd jes. 2. Report has gone abroad that the Canadian Ment threaten actien for the exclusion of these What are the facts? A few years ago Colonel Prince elected to the Canadian House of Lords; bat the colo People found justitiable reasons, ‘tm their eyes, for dangerously swelling the vote of competitor. On taking hig seat ‘his “fine Engheh gentleman,” under various ix. pirations, occasion to- make reprisals for this vote by « speech fiveting severely upon the colored people, and. this the only speech made in Parliament on that side of th qnestion. So much fer the threatenod action of the vernment—now for the sequel. On the first day of August the Colonel threw open bis beautiful groves Sandwich and invited the colored people to leld tb their anniversary celebration ; and there, in the p of congregated thousands, he revoked’ his Parl speech, irming thatthe papers had not correctly Ported him; that he did not wish to be held responsib! for things uttered in the heat of debate wad that b wished to live in friendship with the colored might be uncharitable to eay that the Colonel was induc to this retraction by ihe presence of a noble heir ta family, whose future elevation to his father’s honors require the votes of the people whose friendship is wooed. 3. Of all misropresentetions of thoes cruel and nntrathfal is the charge that ‘bs "aie w ie safe from their ascauk.” Were I at Meosty to RB