The New York Herald Newspaper, January 25, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. Jaume CouoOs sannETT, Orrrcy % w. CORNER OF NARBAT AND FULTON S78. STRME ced te edtrone. Money sent by mad? wil he at the ME. on: ~ . Pek oe he cmmaar, Povtage sage mae recevel oF POT Damm PRAT D. mee com cor cope, BT per annum, — Wolums KXV . oor enee Os AMUBENENTS THIS BINLOS GARDEN Bevadway—Ceons's Rova: Aurm- ra. BOWSST THEATER Bowery —Tax Ocroncos, on lure Lou wiaka—LAWYRS YS MuTtOM, WINTKE GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Good sire — Laon WALLACE'R THEATER, Bevetway—Romawen or a Yoou Youws Mam. LAURA KSENES THRATAR, $24 Brondway.—Jeane Daan NEW BOWERY THEATRS, Bowery.—Tax Ooroncos— Bavast. BROADWAT ROUDOUR, way. —Ooe Jewiaa— Plots any Covaresrion— Woman's Wana, BARNCUR'S AMERIOAN .—Aftor: econ—-Twout Rore Ascunmow—Rao Raxcum Proning— Trout Kors Ascasm0x—Hvesaee vo Vasen—Mauic ture YaNTS Meohanies' tal, 79 Breaaway— pinkacm tomes, Dascaa, du.~Jomss1 Guviss. BTBL0'S SALOON, Broadway —Gro, Ouxisrr's Mix- texas Bones, Dawoms, Boxtasqem, &8—ius Mocio- LYRRARY HALL, Newark—Daartox’s Panion Orenas— Baron OUvmRa. Wew York, Wednesday, January 25, 1560, CIRCULATION OF THE HERALD. We have received the following note from the Postmaster of this city, constituting the Naw Yors Hsvavp the medium for the publication of the list of uncalled for letters at the city Post Office: — Post Orrios, New Yor, Jan. 24, 1860. Vamos: Gorron Buyxert, Ese. Publisher of the Hsratp:— ‘Sa—Upon an examination of the papers submitted in the wompetition for advertising the lists of uncalled for letters, I baye decided to award such publication to the New York Hismacn. Very reepectfully, your obedient servant, ISAAC V. FOWLER, Postmaster. These uncalled for letters, according to an act of Congress, can only be published in the paper juwing the largest circulation ; and, with the pro- per evidence before him, the Postmaster has de- cided that the New Youk Hewatp has the largest daily circulation of any journal in the metropolis, and, we may safely add, in the world. We do not care for these weekly lists of letters. ‘We accept them merely as an evidence 6f the ex- tensive circulation of our paper. With a large cir- culation, like that of the Henaxp, the price paid by the government does not remunerate us for the paper on which the lists are printed. We are in bopes that Congress will yet alter the law, and pay for the space occupied by these lists of letters in the same way and at the same rate that merchants, theatrical managers, mechanics, chambermaids, cooks and others pay for their ad- vertisements. In all business transactions govern- ments are only individuals, and should not be al- lowed to fix the price of anything they desire. The circulation of newspapers, like competition in trade, should regulate this matter. Tailors fix the price of the coats they sell: newspapers should decide upon the price of an advertisement. Apropos of these letter lists and our business: one of our weekly cotemporaries has recently boast- fully published their receipts for a few weeks, in comparison with thoee of the Hexa.p, which were previously published, and claim a superiority. This mode of parading figures would do very well if not disingenuously done. Our receipts related simply to the Dary Henan; those of our cotemporary were from their weekly subscribers. Their receipts are at the close and beginning of each year. Other periods are comparatively barren months to them. ‘The best way to test this matter is to publish the entire daily receipts of each establishment for each year for ten years back. This will settle the point that is now causing so much anxiety to a number of obscure editors and publishers, whose receipts for a year scarcely amount to one day's income of this establishment or that of our weekly cotem- porary. Meanwhile, let Congress abolish all arbitrary and fixed prices for work to be done for government. Whea that is accomplished, lists of letters, propo- sals for loans and contracts can appear in journals having large circulations. Mere party papers, with- cout character and without circulation, perform the work now, and the public never know what is done. The News. The steamer Baltic arrived last evening from As- pinwall, bringing the semi-monthly Pacific mails, and the passengers and specie per steamer Golden Age, which sailed from San Francisco on the 5th instant. She brought 400 passengers, and $1,760,582 in specie consigned to various parties. The news from California is but three days later than the advices received by the overland mail, and is comparatively unimportant. Business had under- gone no perceptible improvement. The Legisla- ture had metand effected an organization. It is reported that more trouble is anticipated from the Indians in Pitt river valley. Fifteen hundred sa- vages had collected at the bend of that stream. Frederick Elmore, who shot Thomas Raleigh Ma- an, and was indicted by the Grand Jury of San Francisco fer assault with a deadly weapon, had fed, and it was supposed to this city. A requiem mass was celebrated in the church of Notre Dame des Victoires, San Francisco, for the repose of the soul of Bishop Barr, of Savannah, The intelligence from Oregon and Washington and British Columbia is devoid of general interest. The advices from the South Puacitic are impor- tant insome respects. President Castilla, of Peru, had absolutely and defiantly refused to listen to the claims made by the United States Minister in the cases of the ships Georgianua and Lizzie Thompson. Itis alleged that the tone of his de- nial was actually hostile, he having, a3 said. re- ceived reports from the Peruvian Minister in Wash- ton to the effect that Mr. Buchanan was so an- popular his demands would not be sustained by Congress, It isan odd coincidence that this news should reach us just as the convention between the two governments on the subject was officially published in the Washington papers. Castilla had caused Senor Franco, a mulatto, to be elected Pre- sident of Ecuador. Chile was quict, and making great progress in railroads and telegraphs. From Central America we learn that Minister Dimitry had been received by the Nicaraguan go- vernment. The President of Guatemala assured Congress that the late convention of that country with Great Britain wonld go far to settle the Cen- ‘ions of the United States gain his position ic Costa Rica. A very destrac- vador, destroying a vast deal of property. Sir Gore Ouseley wns at Panama, on his way to Havana. Nicaragua had declared M Belly's caaal contract atan end, We learn from New Granada that the Congress is to meet on the let of February, and will dispose finally of the Case-Herran Convention. The rovo- lutionista held entire possession of the State of Ba ranquilla, Sir William Gore Ouseley visited the United States ship Lancaster at Panama. A num ber of courte-martial were ordered on board the ship Cyane at Panama. By tne arrival of the Baltic we are placed in possession of interesting news from Mexico, brought to Panama by the English mail steamer, giving an account of a great battle between the army under General Miramon, and the liberal army commanded by Rocha Rojas. The battle was fought on December 21, on the Barranco de Reltram, near Colima, The conservatives brought 3,000 mea into action, against a body of 7,000 liberals. The action commenced at 9A. M. and lasted until 2 P.M. The liberals had from 600 to 700 killed and wounded, and the conservatives 300. Miramon captured five field pieces and 2,000 pri- soners. On the 24th he took possession of Colima and sent a detachment to Manzanillo and seized two versels—the General Vega and La Srerte— and armed them. Their destination is supposed to be Mazatlan. We have two weeks later news from Buenos Ayres. The dates are to the 29th ot November. The ratification of pense between Buenos Ayres and the “Argentine Confederation was duly cele- brated by religious services in the churches and grand military displays. Our Congressional reports this morning are im- portant. In the Senate yesterday Mr. Douglas’ resolutions respecting the suppression of invasion of States and Territories were discussed by Mr. Toombs, of Georgia, who delivered one of the most violent and uncompromisingly disunion speeches of the session. He pronounced the sne- cess of the black republican party cause for the secession ofthe South. War, he said, was al- ready declared, and blood had been shed. The South should meet their enemies at the threshold, and drive them back, or tear down the pillars of the temple of liberty, and whelm all in universal ruin. In the House Mr. Corwin concluded his speech on the attitude of parties and the state of the country generally. The Senate yesterday in executive session rati- fied the treaty with China, and confirmed a number of appointments. Bat little of importance happened in the Legis: lature yesterday. In the Senate a report was pre- sented providing for an appropriation of $1,000,900 in aid of the Albany and Susquchannah Railroad. Jt was referred to the Committee of the Whole. A report favorable to providing means for the com- pletion of the canals and to fully supply them with water was also presented. The papers relative to the New York Academy of Music were forwarded astage. The bill for the relief of the great grand- children of John Jacob Astor was passed to a third reading. The Assembly was engaged in discussing a private claim for canal damages. Argument in the Lemmon slave case was com- menced yesterday by Mr. Charles O’Conor before the Gourt of Appeals at Albany. Ten prisoners, charged with murder and deadly assaults, were arraigned before the Court of Oyer and Terminer yesterday, and then remanded to prison to await trial. The trial of the Pive Pomts murder case was then resumed, and all the testi: mony concluded. We give @ report in another column. Rey. Henry Ward Beecher last evening delivered a lecture in the Forsyth stieet Methodist church, on “Politics and Religion.” He pointed out at great length the da ies of ministers in respect to infusing the religions element into politics, and poured a torrent of ridicule upon the pulpits that ignored the importance of politico-religious teach- | ing. He said the country was more indebted to the secular newspapers for the spread of religious news than to the professedly religious journals. The examination of witnesses in the Bull's Ferry rape case was continued yesterday at the Hudson | County Circuit Court. An attempt was made by | the defendant's counsel to prove analibi, by pro- | ducing witnesses who gave testimony to that effect. The testimony on both sides was closed yesterday afternoon, and the summing up will commence this morning at half-past nine o'clock. Owing to the crowded state of our columns we are compelled } to omit a report of the case At the meeting of the Board of Ten Governors last evening, the affidavit of a person named Green Lambert was transmitted to them in a communica- tion from Mayor Wood. This affidavit informed the Board that Green was sent to prison for six months Jast May, and that he then had fifty-four dollars, which he gave in charge to an employ¢ named Hill, but on his discharge Hill only returned him twenty dollars. The subject was referred to the Peniten- tiary Committee to investigate the charge and re- port upon it. A report regarding the condition of the children taken to the West from the institutions was received from Rey. C.C. Townsend, of Iowa City. The report was favorable in every respect. A good deal of routine business was disposed of by the Board. The number in the institutions at present is 8,272, a decrease of 40 for the week. The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about 1,000 bales. The market was less buoyant, and closed at about one-cighth of acont lower for some descriptions. We give quotations in another column. The receipts at the ports since the lst of September last have reached 2,612,- 000 bales, against 2,190,000 in 1859, 1,290,000 in 1868, and 1,842,000 in 1857. The exports haye reached 1,448,000 bales, against 1,107,000 in 1859, 700,000 in 1858, and 720,000 in 1857, The stock on hand embraced 1,043,000 bales, against §70,000 in 1859, 677,000 in 1858, and 802,000 in 1857. The flour market was slightly lower for common and medium grades of State and Western, with more doing at the concession. Southern flour was sold to a fair extent, and without change of moment in prices. Wheat was inactive. Thechief sale embraced Michigan prime white, at $1 50. Corn was steady, with sales of Jersey and Southern white and yellow at S0e. aS. Pork was firmer, with more doing at the quo- tations given in another column, Sugars were inactive, and sales to-day confined to some 52 bhds. The trans- actions yesterday embraced some 1,200 hbds, 500 of which were mado late in the afternoon and not reported. Coffve was quiet, awaiting the public sale to come of im afew days, 200 mats Jaya were sold at lic. Freights were some firmer, with more doing for Foglich ports Among the engagements to Liverpool, 1,700 bales of cotton were engage? at 3-164. @ 7. 32d., and 6,000 bushels of corn in ships bags at 6d. Prooress oF THE POLITICAL AGITATION IN me CommenctaL Worp.—The effects of the present exciting political agitation of the sla- very qnestion upon the commerce of the coun- try, are being demonstrated in the South bya novel system—namely, that of separating the different commercial houses of the North into classes, according to the political tendencies of their proprietors. Ie this city, and in many other Northern ones, bureaus are now estab- lished for the purpose of discovering the politi- cal affinities of the business houses, and noting the firms who are known to be tainted with abolition principles, and those who are of sound conservative and constitutional opinions. These bureaus are conducted somewhat upon the system of mercantile agencies, and, for aught we know, these agencies themselves may have found it desirable to attach such bureaus to their establishments. This is a significant omen; and it is but the prelude to a serious move on the part of th: South, which will ultimately result in commer cial tronbles, bankruptcies, and endiess litiga- fave earthquake bad visited the republic of San Sal- tion among mercantile men. NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY The Temporal Sovereignty of the Pope and the Amortean Bishops. The Bishops of France have iaeved their manifesto on the Italian question, ia whioh the temporal covercigoty of the Pope is an ingre- dient. The Bishops of the Province of New York, with Archbishop Hughes at their bead, now promulgate their views in a very re- markable document, which is published exclu sively in this day’s Henan, being the first time it has seen the light. We have re- ceived a copy of it from the editor of the Metropolitan Record—the organ of Arcibishop Hughes—in which it will appear this week. There is no doubt, that this manifesto has been drawn up by His Grace. We think we can trace in it his eloquent and tpeid style, and that commanding ability which has ren- dered the distinguished prelate famous in the United States. Certain it is, this address will produce a powerful effect in Europe. It pur- ports to be a reply to the recent pamphlet at- tributed to the inspiration, if not to the pen, of the Emperor of the French. It ranges over a wide field of discussion, and touches upon a variety of topics, which, however interesting to Catholics in a reli- gious point of view, are of no political impor- tance. There is one point, and one only, which demands the attention of statesmen, and that is the origin of the title of the temporal sove- reignty of the Pope. The spiritual sovereign- ty is not in dispute. That pertains to theolo- gians, and Louis Napoleon, himself a Catholic, and even “the eldest son of the church,” would be the last to call it in question. The temporal sovereignty, therefore, is the only matter in dis- pute; but that involves the peace of Europe, and its solution puzzles all its statesmen, Louis Napoleon excepted. The London Times, in a recent article, claims credit for England for the origination of the plan by which a modified temporal sovereignty of the Roman Pontiff might be reconciled with the political freedom of the Italian people and the spiritual authority of the successor of St. Peter, and only gives Nupoleon the credit of adopting tbe policy of British statesmen. The fact is just the reverse; and to the French Emperor alone is due the merit of un- ravelling the tangled skein of the Italian difficul- ty—first, by war, in the expulsion of the Haps. burg, and second, by peace, in regulating and circumscribing the temporal power of the Pope so as to make it consistent with the liberties of the people of the Romagna, and at the same time to accomplish a permanent settlement of the Italian question. Now, the able letter of the Bishops of New York, taking higber and more practical ground than did the Bishops of France, seizes the bull by the horns, and claims that the title of the Pope is better thar that of any dynasty in Eur rope, because it originated in the sovereign will of the people. Here there is no claim of the divine right of kings, but the assertion of the democratic principle, that the people are the true source of all legitimate power—the same principle which triumphed in the English revo- lution which dethroned and beheaded Charles I. of England, gave the reins of power to Crom- well, restored royalty in the person of Charles IL, and again overthrew the Stua‘t dynasty and placed on the throne William Priace of Orange. It is the same principle which lies at the bottom of the American Revolution, and is embodied in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. It is the principle in virtue of which Napoleon III. isruler of France to-day. The Episcopal mani- festo puts the point in a nutshell. Let us quote:— The temporal authority of the Pope is one of these ques- tions. His title, as it stands to-day, is beyond ali dispute he jegitimate that can be put forward by Eby sovo- reign in Europe or inthe world. * ¢ * But some, per- hapa, will inquire into the origin of this title. We answer that the origin docs not appear on the human record. All we know is, that after the conversion of Constantine the Great the seat of empire was transferred from Rome to Byzantium. During the immediate subsequent es ‘the Emperor and his successors withdrew pot only their presence, but also their protection from the people of Italy. The people ceased not to invoke the aid of the Emperor in periods of trial and of desolation, of famine, pestilence and invasion by barbarous nations. To their appeal no answer came, nor any aid. In these trying eircumstanees the people raised their hands to the sovereign Pontifi, calling upon him to be their temporal eaviour as well as their father. * * * * © The tem- poral authority of the Emperors from Constantine the Great ceased to be exerciged in what is now called the Sta‘es of the Church, but especially in that portion which Was more immediately connected with the imperial city of Rome. It was not usurped by the Holy Fatuer. It was rather forced upon him by the wishes and clamor of a neglected and ungovorned people. It was a res derelicta. But atall events in the origin of the temporal power of tho Pope, he was the chosen ruler of the Italian people, with in the Limits of what a(terwards become his civil jurisdic tion. Popular history states that at a subsequent period Pepin and Charlemagne of Franes made him a donation of this same territory, wilh additional grants of extension as to its surface and population. * * The merit of their conduct on that oc consists in the fact that they reve- renced and strevgtheved in the Suprome Sovereign of the Church a tide with which he was already invested. They were Catholic princes, ‘They could have taken away from the Pope his temporal dominion. But instead of doiug so they coutirmed it. Now, it is here admitted that the sovereign people first conferred upon the Pope his title, and that crowned heads subsequently strength- ened and confirmed it: There is no assertion of any divine origin of the title. Now, it is a maxim in political philosophy that those who gave can take away. If the people had a right to give, they have an equal -right to take away. If emperors of France had then a right to confirm, they have now a right to abrogate, if they are able, and if they think it is for the interests of civilization and progress todo so. And this proves that Napo-, leon is right in the position he has assumed. ‘He holds his own title by the will of the people. He wishes the Pope to do the same, or not to hold it at all. The right of the people to choose their own rulers is admitted equally by the American Bishops and the Emperor of tha French. The question of fact, then, only re- mains—what is the will of the Italian people? The inhabitants of the Romagna have already rettied that point, and Louis Na- poieon desires to confirm their action. If there is any doubt about what the will of the Italian people is, the best and fairest way to remove it is to withdraw all foreign troops from Italy, and to prevent any from entering, and let the people settle their institutions for themselves. But we fear if this were done the Pope would not get so good terms as what Napoleon de- sires to secure for him. It is highly probable that he would lose Rome as well as the rest of bis dominions, and that he would be exiled, as he was eleven years ago, and asthe Dukes of Northern Italy are now. He owes his restora- tion fo Napoleon, and he owes the most ad- vantageous terms he can now obtain to the same great statesman. It is, therefore, as un grateful as it is unwise on the part of the Pope to quarrel with his best friend, the Hmperor of France. Ze Prvor, of Virgiui: not yesterday, in the House of Representatives, caluniniate, in his own beastly langnage, any person at ail. The Mother of Presidents will be glad. See Congressioual report. Important from Honduras—Eugiish Ne- gotiations ip Centra: America—Sarren. der of the Bay Islands. Advices from Honduras via Havana to the 23d December confirm the report by the last steamer from the Isthmus, that the English Minister in Central America, Mr. Wyke, had concluded negotiations with Houduras—first, for the surrender of the Buy Islands, and sec- ond, for the extinction of the so-called Mosquito Protectorate in the territory claimed by Hon uras, It will be remembered that conventions to this effect were signed in London in August, 1856, between Lord Clarendon and Don Victor Herran, the Plenipotentiary of Hondaras. ‘that regarding the Mosquito Protectorate was sufficiently acceptable to the Honduras govern- ment, but that providing for the surrender of the Bay Islands was coupled with so many re- strictions that its ratification was declined. It provided that the people should be practically independent of the Honduras government, while under its nominal sovereignty. In other words, the people of the islands were to have their own municipal laws—they were to pay no duties, not to be taxed except for purposes of their own, nor to be called on for military service. Slavery was to be pro- hibited forever, nor were uny fortifications to be erected on the islands. Honduras regarded the surrender of the islands, under such restrictions, as of no prac- tical value, and an insult to her rights, rather than a recognition of her ancient and un- doubted sovereignty. She declined, therefore, as we have already said, to accept the conven- tions. In this she was supported by the clear- ly expressed sentiment of the Senate of the United States, in its action on the Clarendon- Dallas treaty, in which the principles of these conventions were more or less distinctly recog- nized. That treaty was rejected, in so fur as it implied any concurrence in the attempt of Great Britain to fetter the absolute dominion of Honduras over tbe islands. The govern- ment of that country thus received the moral support of the United States in the stand which it bad taken. So things remained until, on the 18th of De- cember last, Mr. Wyke was despatched to Hon- duras in order to repew the conventions, if pos- sible, and carry them in their original form; or, failing in that, to so modify them as to meet the views of the Honduras government. According to our advices, he was driven to the latter expedient, and finally revised the conventions to the following offect:— 1. The Bay Islands are restored to Honduras without condition, except that the people estab- lished in them shall retain their actual landed and other property, and such as elect to do so shall be regarded as British subjects, under the eame conditions as other British subjects resid- ing in other parts of the republic. 2. The territorial limits of Honduras are recog- nized as being those which she has alwaysclaim- ed, extending southward as far as Cape Gracias 4 Dios and the river Wauks ; and, if a jointcom. miesion (provided for in the settlement) find any Mosquito Indians in the territory in question they shall have a sufficient reservation set apart for them, within which they must re- tire within, ¢ stipuiated time—the government of Honduras to pay a sum not exceeding $5,000 per annum towards their maintenance and civi- lization. 3. All pending claims of British subjects on Honduras to be settled by arbitration—thecom- mission for that purpose to meet in Guatemala, instead of Belize, as provided in the Clarendon- Herran convention. Such are the essential results of the new negotiations. They have yet to receive the ratification of the Legislature of Honduras, of which there can be but little doubt, since it is understood that that body is fully in accord with General Guardiola, the newly elected President. Whether they will be acceptable to the British government, however, remains to be seen. It is barely possible that Mr. Wyke ventured on the arrangement without sufficient instruction and authority; but this is not likely. Under all the circumstances, we are inclined to believe that Great Britain has finally and judiciously determined to abandon her offensive pretensions in Honduras and Nicaragua. But we prefer to reserve our con- gratulations on her wisdom in this respect un- til we really see the English flag struck on Ruatan, and the Mosquito Commission actually in session. It is certainly time that Great Bri- tain should recognise the fact that whatever alliances of policy she may make on the Euro- pean Continent, they are but as wisps of straw to the ligatures by which she may attach America to her in case her policy towards this country shall be open, liberal, consistent and sincere. The day probably is not far distant when she may need our active sympathy and support; and to gain these, let her wipe out her Mosquito protectorates, and finally dispose of all needless and irritating questions between the two countries. Let her recognise the fact that the United States has a legitimate Conti- nental policy in no way contravening Euro- pean interests, which she should be allowed to follow out without offensive and unnecessary intervention. e The Question of the Succession—What ‘Will be Done at Charleston. As only a very short time—but a little more than two months—will elapse before the meet- ing of the Charleston Convention, the poli- ticians throughout the country, by speeches, letters and addresses, in the press and public meetings. and especially in Congress, are busi- ly engaged in arranging the record of their political services, endeavoring to cover up their little errors and their great blunders, cutting, carving and trimming their political clotbes to suit the exigencies of the time and the taste of the people, bushing up their old ideas, inherited from the fathers of the repub- lic, reviving the constitutional and conserva- tive principles of the great statesmen who have reflected lustre upon the history of the country, and generally making themselves masters of the position of the pieces upon the great backgammon board, the game upon which has aiready been opened at Washington, and which will duly wind up at Charleston. Among the most important of these move- ments on the part of the politicians of the day may be found inthe course of Senator Douglas, In the Senate, on Monday, he made a lengthy and elaborate speech upon his own resolution: “hat the Committee on the Judiciary be in- structed to report bill.for the protection of each State and Territory of the Union against invasion by the authorities or inhabitdnts of any other State or Territory; and for the sup- pression and puaishmeni of conspicacies or combinations in any State or Territory, with 25, 1860. intent ta invade, aesail, or molest the govera- ment, inhabitants, property, or institutions of any other State or Territory of the Union.” After detailing the reasons which demand the enactment of such a just and proper law as that which his resolution embodies, Mr. Douglas proceeded to make an exposition of his own position and principles, in a speech which can- not fail to command the attention of the coun- try. Ina single moment, Mr. Dougliis has re- canted all H% political heresies and schisms, and has asked to be. received back into full communion with the democratic church. After three years filibustering upon the abstractions of the South, after having floundered in the slough of despond, sinking deeper at every move- ment, the Senator from Illinois now emerges from the morass, with the debris of its mud (worse than that of Broadway) still clinging to his political skirts, and takes his stand on the firm, hard, high, solid ground of conservative practical statesmanship. Mr. Douglas occupies & position similar to that of the children of Israel when they stood on Pisgah’s height and viewed the sweet flelds of Canaan, on the other side of Jordan. Mr. Douglas’ views on the state of the Union, the position of parties, the irrepressible con- flict of Mr. Seward, and the raid of Mt. Seward’s pioneer, John Brown, are sound and truthful, and will be endorsed by the conservative sen- timent of the country. Mr. Douglas had been & long time making up his mind to them, and has shut his eyes to the light we have offered him over and over again. For the fact is, that the sentiments contained in this very speech are the sentiments which we have’ alwaysadvo- cated, and its key note—that the John Brown raid was the logical sequence of the preaching and teachings of the black republican,leaders, Seward, Greeley & Co.—we have held from the beginning. The ideas advanced by Mr. Doug- las are good, sound Henan doctrine, and as the country will see, they are directly in ac- cordance with the theory and practice of Mr. Buchanan’s sdministration, to which Mr. Douglas has been opposed. Not without some linger- ing regrets Mr. Douglas has now buried, ina decent way, his best beloved infant, Squatter Sovereignty. Whom the gods love, saith the proverb, die young; and no one will intrude upon the Senator’s paternal tears. The infant, though tenderly reared, was never strong, and fell a victim at last to the John Brown fever. Mr. Douglas must have a little time to weep, to watch and pray. Penitents, no matter how humble they may be, must submit to a little probation. It makes them stronger in the faith, and prevents backsliding. In three or four years Mr. Douglas will come out fresh, snowy and clean, like a spring lamb just come from the washing. We are quite well aware that the obscure newspapers and small political cliques ‘who have been making so much noise about Mr. Douglas as the proper candidate for Charles- ton, will now redouble their clamor; but his time has not yet arrived. If Mr. Douglas had supported the administration of Mr. Buchanan during the last three years, and given his aid to its patriotic and statesmanlike measures, he would, no doubt, be the only prominent and successful man. for Charleston. But he has pursued an absurd and factious course, through which he has lost a great deal of ground in the South, and gained none of any consequence in the North. The Sonth will not accept Mr. Douglas this time. He will net be considered as having been fully cleansed from the stains of his quag- mire. The conservative men in all sections of the country will demand some man whose past career is a guarantee for his reliability in the present position. of affairs. And the record of Mr. Buchanan’s administration is one of such high-toned practical statesmanship as to prove beyond all doubt that he is the man of the hour. To be entirely safe, the Charleston Con- vention must give the nomination to Mr. Bu- chanan. His nomination and election would calm the discordant elements which now threat- en to dismember the confederacy. That is the result which the conservative portion of our people intend to bring about, and it can be done with Mr. Buchanan more safely than with any one else. In fact, there is no other man before the country who has the confidence of the conservative masses. Things are shaping themselves now to bring about the nomination of Mr. Buchanan at Charleston, with the un- derstanding that Mr. Douglas holds the fore- most place for the succession. He may be elected in 1864, but he will not answer in the Southern market for 1860. The Attacks of the Albany Argus on Mr. O’Conor—Identity of Sewardism and the Albany Regency Doctrines. The Atlas, organ of the Albany Regency of Cassidy, Cagger & Co., insists that Mr. O’Conor and Mr. Seward hold the same position in rela- tion to the gregt question now agitating the country, and comments in a carping and hostile spirit on the able speech delivered by Mr. O’Co- nor at the Union meeting in this city. The impudence, ignorance and hypocrisy of this assertion are worthy of the old Buffalo plat- form men, who now compose the Albany Re- gency of the democratic party in this State. While Mr. O’Conor has taken a position which, from the first postulate to the last deduction, is antagonistic to that of Mr. Seward, the Albany Regency of Cassidy, Cagger & Co. start with Seward from the same admission of facts, and travel hand in hand with him up toa certain point in the argument. Both of them assert that the institution of slavery, as itexists in the Southera States, isan evil,asin and acrime. Seward follows out the argument from this premise with logical precision. He would abolish sla- very from the land. The lawstands in the way; he appeals to a “higher law.” The Constitution prohibits any interference with the institution of slavery; he would abrogate the Constitution The people are averse to this abrogation; he would spur them on to it by inaugurating a brutal war, after the fashion of Joka Brown until the evil, the sim, and the crime shall have disappeared in flames and blood. Cassidy, Cagger & Co. march with Lim only a part of the way. They, too, find that slavery is an evil, and they inscribe the fact upon their Buf falo flag. They would exclude it from the Ter- ritoriea—they would hedge it in and smother it; rier of the but when they come up to the ba Constitution, they smell the fa in the Federal hitchen, and they will go no farther. There they bait, hung »r the flesh pots and spoils of the Whi Some of their ald companio: “hopes of office, bul continue on under the lead- erehip of Preston King, and are found to-day, aide by side with Seward, hammering with the logic of their common starting point, that sla- very is an evil, Mr. O’Conor takes an entirely antagonistic position to that of the Albany Regency and Seward—one that has had the sanction of prac- tice in all nations, and of all religions (except, perbaps, the modern puritanism of New Eng- land), for thousands of years. He asserts that the institution of domestic slavery is one that has grown out of the imperfections of our human nature and the needs aad requirements of cociety, in communities com- posed of unequal and dissonant races of mea; and instead of admitting that it is an evil, a sim and acrime, he boldly and truthfully atates that it has conferred much comparative good and happiness on both the bond and the free. He shows that it has existed in this country fer more than two hundred years, and that, start- ing with small beginnings, it now presents te the world four and a half millions of negroes, who, under the guidance and example ef the intellect of the white man, exhibit a social, moral and material elevation and civilization which the unassisted negro in Africa has ae- where attained in thirty centuries of history. He proves that it has conferred equal bones upon the white race, both within and without the domain of slavery. Under this admirable welding of the relations of the bond and free, 8 few millions of whites and blacks, working together and in harmony, have improved alike the comfort and the hygiene of the whele world—civilized, barbarian and savage. The cotton which negro slavery—and negro slavery alone—has produced and is producing, has im- proved the clothing of men everywhere, given a new reward to barren labor, and stimu- lates the civilizing influence of commerce: The sugar, which almost alone comes from the labor of the negro, under the con™ trol and guidance of the white man, has improved the food, as well as the medicinal contributions to the comfort and relief of man. In these two great social necessities, twenty millions of white men, with less than ten mil- lions of negro slaves, contribute more to the employment, comfort and health of four hun- dred millions of civilized men in America and Europe than do the hundreds of millions of un- assisted and unorganized men in Africa and India together. In taking this position Mr. O’Conor truly states the premises of the question that to-day agitates this country, and that will continue to agitate it until fanatical error orsober truth pre- vail. The Albany Argus, and the Albany Re- gency of Cassidy, Cagger & Co., attack him im vain. It little matters whether they agree or not, precisely, with Seward to-day. They ad- mit, with him, the great starting point, that slavery is an evil, and the force of logic will carry them irresistibly to the same conclusion. / Their hopes to participate in the offices and the rewards. which are to be enjoyed under the constitution keep them to-day from attacking that great palladium of our liberties and our moral and material progress. But in in common with Seward, Wendel! Phillips and Garrison, the fallacy that slavery is an evil, the Albany Regency of Cassidy, Cagger & Co. sup- port and advance the efforts ef fanaticism to involve the Union in a struggle which mayend in bloed and conflagration, both ‘in the Seuth and in the North. Za Prror, of Virginia, did not yesterday brutally aseail, with lies and libela, the charac- ter of any lady in private life. The “land ot chivalry” ought to rejoice. See Congressional report. —_—_ NEWS FROM THE STATE CAPITAL. The Pro Rata Freight Scheme—What the Erie Railroad Freight Agent Thinks of Ite—New York City Railroads—Tne Lem- mon Slave Case, é&c., &c. OUR SPECIAL ALBANY DESPATCH. ALBANY, Jan. 24, 1860. ‘The representatives of the Erie Railroad tade their ap- pearance this afternoon before the Select Committee om Pro Rata freight. ‘Mr. Hawley opened the controversy by marking out the course to be adopted in the testimony that they were about to offer. Mr. Blanchard, the freight agent of that road, was first placed upon the stand, and questioned by Messrs, Haw- ley and Seymour, Among the many facts stated by Mr- Bianchard was, that if a pro rata Jaw was adoptea i would drive from them their through freights, and to keep up their receipts to what they are now—which is not enough to pay ittercst on the capital invested— they would bave to inorease the ayerage price per ton from average price upoa all their freight, from two Inty-eeven cenis per ton to five dol- lars nine' nts. The exprese business he considered would be ruinéd vader a law charging for small amounts atthe same rate as large lots, and that under a pro rata law there would be no inducement for them to run traing west of Port Jervis. They could not compote with the route for Philadelphia at Elmira, or the Delaware and Lackawana at Great Bend, and that they would bs com pelled to charge more for transporting the dairy products on the eastern portion of their road to the city of New York. A¥ far as the Erie Road is concerned, he was of the decided opinion that it would be ruinous. He was crore oned for along time by tbe Committee and other ors present. cited substantiated a Every fact the above facts. ‘The committee at five o’clock adjourned until to-mor- row morning, to hear the testimony of Mr. Marsh, the Receiver of that road, who will then be ready with facts bearing upon the effect of that kind of legislation. ‘The Board of Supervisors of New York nave potitioned the Legislature for an amendment of the Election act baseed Apri! 5, 1842, amending section fourteen of that act ®o that it shali read: “fhe Sheriff, Clerk or County Judge of each county, who shall receive a notice of an elocuion, sball without delay deliver a copy of such no- tice to the Board of Supervisors of said county, and to the supervieors or one of the aesessors of each Lown or ward in his county. He shall algo cause a copy of such notioe to be publis! once in each week unt!) the election there- in epecifed, insuch newspapers in his county, not exceed- ing eight in number, as chal be designated for that pur- pote by a resolution of the Board of Supervisors of suid oounty. among the bills introduced in the House last night was ore by Mr. Varian, to contirm ava make valid and effvc- wal certain ordinances of the Common Council of the city of New York. It provides that—“Tho ordinances of tne Mayor, Aldermen and Commenalty of the city of New York, in Common Council convened, providing for and authorizing the regniating of Fity ninth street, between Tenth avenue and Bloomingdale road, in caid city, whiet was adopted by the Board of Aldermen on the 26 day of December, 1851, and subsequently adopted by the Board of becquently approved on the ob é and Bubbequet ily the 6th day of Fe 1s 2 and cbaogneatly ap ote by the Mayor ou the 7th day of February, 1852, is hereby conlirmed, legalized and made vaud aud effectual. The like devcribed ordivance, providing fer and antho- rinmg the reguiatingof Third avenue from Pigh:y-ninth street to One Lendred and tenth strect, im Bald city, whic was adopted by the Board of Coucciltnen On the Sth day of December, 1854, and sabseqaentiy adopted by the Beara of Aldermen ou the Lith day of April, 1856, and subscquently approved by the Mayor on the Tat cay of April, 1868, i hereby confirmed, logalizad and mate ‘valid and cfftetrnl. ‘Any thing that the Comawn Council of New York does Jy looked upon with a grea dea! of euxpicion is Meir. Varian also introduced a city railroad bill last eve nivg, as followe:-—F. W. Worth, Jobn 6. Sechells, C.& White, Riohard fands, N. J. Douglass, Jetorson Brown, W. N. Wad, N. Campbell, Tomas Miller, and theie asso ciates, encenssore and assiens, to construct and eperate @ raitroad through, upon ai along the Jollowmg streets and avenues jn the city of New York, via:—From steoet ferry with a double track to the Bowery, thenos along the Rowery to Fourteenth street, thence along Fourteeute street with a double track 16 Highth avenve, @ence along Fighth avevue with a double track to Tweaty ninta street, with a singte track to Tenth avenue, thence along Tout