The New York Herald Newspaper, December 11, 1859, Page 2

Tho Amorican Minister, follow- d Uke result, Tag 'y out numbered, after au heroic fght, ‘Were Obliged w withdraw, leaving tho United Sates Am Dassador in a position not very unlike that of the ass ia Jo of Aso wenn oot tote the gulf, and the United States Miuls- ter commenced bis negotiations, He sought w pass by the Poiho; but the Chin’se wore firm; they ne! vanquish- 6d their (de uw a fair ight, and they now soight v sampel ‘Mr. Ward to proceed by the way ot Pehtang, wai iio ap: poar ut the capital as the envoy of a tribuary Powe: plicadng a0 audience of theit Emperor, Such a course | Ch ike Boglish had scorned to take; but the representative of tho United States was not so compunctuous—ne took the route to Pehtang and “passed under the yoke,” When we read that the Dutch Ambassador to Japan ‘was forced to trample upoa the Cross, Curistianity stud ders at such blasphemy, The principles displayed ia the policy of the present Minister's late aegotialions are not dissimilar, Mammon the Hollander prostituted his faith, and the American his country’s henor. ‘Without stopping to comment upon the particulars of the Janding of the United States logation at Pehtang, vr the jour- ney of the American Minister, seated in the bottom of a dog cart, wwards Pekin, lot us notice briefly his policy, 43 dis- played when arrived within the Manchu capital. The recep- ‘tiva of the embassy was far from flattering; the members of ‘the legation were for the time prisoners. They were not denied permission to roam about the city, but guides and conveyances for such purposes could not be procured. Policemen were stauioved round their quarters, with the Ostensible object of keeping off the curious mob, but in Teality to exercise a strict surveiliance over the unwel- come guests. ‘The attempts of Mr. Ward to communicate personally ‘with the Russian Ambussador, to whom he had an intro- dnotory letter from General’ Mouraviell, were signally frustrated, and it was only after a delay of six days that he received any intelligible prof of the presence of the Russian Ambassador at Pekin, The chief, and as it ap- peared insurmountable obstacle to an audience with the Fmperor, was the ‘“kotan,”” or prostration, to be per- formed by Mr Ward when in the Emperor’s presence. ‘To this the envoy objected, and his refusal to perform this farce scoma to be the only commendable act in the history of their expedition to Pekin. Asiatic cunning was put to its Bevorest test to devise some means of vispusing of this cere- mony; Mapy compromises were submitted to Mr. Ward; but all to no purpose: the Emperor decided that unless the States Ambassador would touch his knee, or owe finger , to the ground, he couldguot be received. The Enaporor and the Ambassador being equally firm, no in- terview was obtained, and the legation left for Pehtang to ratify the treaty. Such a policy as the Chinese pursued towards the American envoy may seem surprising to the sapient gen- tlemen at Washington, who indicated to Mr. Ward tl course he was to take io his negotistions with the Em- peror; but to those who are thoroughly acquaintea with the Chinese character, the events which occurred at Pokin area natural consequence of Mr. Ward having acceded to the Chinese demand in taking the Pehtang road, in- stead of msisting upon a passage up the Peiho, Guco jubjected by juysical force, the Chinamarbecomes a Jawuing slave; but give him the reins of power and sub- mit to his will, and he becomes an exacting master. The United States Minister erred in listening to the com. promises offered by Kwei- baing and Sieh at Pekin. Such Propositions were in themselves insulting, and a single refusal to perform the kotan should have sufficed for all. ‘The embassy to Pekin seems to have confounded con. fusion. We see that Mr. Ward was insulted and then caressed, at tiwes a guest and then a prisoner, and, most singular of all, we see him refused an audience at the Court to which he is an envoy, and a few days after rati fying @ treaty with the same Court at whose hands he has Sutlered such contumely. ‘These remarks are not intended to impugn the character or ability of the pieniyotentiary: we look upon hin morely as an agent carrying into effect tne instructions of his go- vernmeat, and &$ a man decidedly more useful than his predecessor. States shuts both eyes and eurs to affairs in China, in- Structs its ambassador to co-operate with the English in peaceful measures only, and crecits such atained in the ‘Philadelphia spec. iaister to China, so long will be frustrated at every turn, and the tive China be ia c h of its ex- American policy in the Eas our ministers be powerless S and property of United States citizens in ontinual danger. AN ENGLISHMAN. AFFAIRS IN JAPAN. OUR JEDDO CORRESPOND! be Jeno, Japan, August 22, 1859. Consul-General Harris and the Truth of History—When He did Really See the Emperor—How the Late Tycoon Died—The Dwelling of Minister Harris—Habits and Manners of The People — Protection t> Person and Property in the City—Simple Laws and their Effect— Japanese Opinion of Trial by Jury—The Consul-Gencral d sl distributed bonbons and swectmeats to. the lithographs to their parents. The Pleasec which t day I gave a masked ball, and the dances, which wane led j by our naval oflicers So long as the government of the United | that they took special School ‘appear very intelligent, assertions as | perbaps occasion surprise, gouges form part of the programme of their stadies, governor of the town has he never did 80 much honor to the Amorican consul. I told him that I cousidered bjs visit a8 an act of and that I would return it hours aud breakfasted, as did ries who accompanied him, ticularly attracted their att of the Amoor and of the e: On that occas mans against bad spirits and maiadi f the holidays: the vial thee ment the people I present koods fer the last four weeks. The principst cay doubt is the setuog in of the rainy seasm, Too is squaily and the Japanese merchauts are Koopiog ba doors, THE MARKETS. Japanwood dullat $20. Rsttan--po sates whatever. } Much activity im dry goods, at advanced prive | patoa after tbe dia of July, when the duty of 35 | how paid will be reduced to 6 percent,” Ouly test slass | goods may heroafter be expected to fidd purchasers as | Temuncrative rutee. English goods of iuforior quailty ace being sold at such prices Ghat it will pay tosuip them to and a sinwil lot is now Soipped fur Slaughi here per Thetin. The Japanese, from their syst exctusiveness so long mamtained, Lave fow W: for foreigners to supply. imports they used to receive from Holland were very unimportant for a county having such 4 population as Japan; the adealways was a movopoly by the go- Verument, and the importea goods ca! hands of the wealthier classes, Conside: ume may elapse bofore a steady demand fur imported goods will hurve been created ip Japan Axnicies or Exrort.—Sinail quantities held at high prices, Much shipping uncaployed, waiting for return eargoas. In the interior, however, consiteravle quantities of pro- duce appear to be keld back by parties declining to soll for paper thavis, for which the Board of Trade or Trading Society (the monopoly) charges from 10 to 30 per cout discount “in exchange for silver. Japan ware, $45 « $43; beeswax, $1¢0—no stock on hand; camphor nominal, $50; soya, $7 a $)0; candies, $4a $4 50; beans; $3 25a $4 eas, $3 50a $5; wheat, $4 06 a $6 per picul; flour, $10 er picul; raw silk advapoing, no stock on hand—all ‘iat ‘omes to market is imme tiately sold—we quote $10 a $18 or cattie, according to quality; ailk goods within a very hort time advanced nearly 100 per cent—no stock on hand; coal of different quality, we quote at $1 50 per picul; veagriss, $10 a $16 per picul: shark us, $304 $45; yer micelli, $8 a $10 per picul; trufiles, 380 a $100 per pioul. A RUSSIAN TREATY RATIFICATION MISSION — THE RE- PORTED OUTRAGES OF THE JAPANESE ON THE RUS- SIANS. ‘From the Rotterdam Courant, Nov. 13.} Count Mouravieff, Governor General of Eastern Siboria, is at present at Jeddo to exchange the ratifications of tae commercial treaty concluded between Russia a. 1 Japah, ‘and to settle the boundary line of the territory caded to Russia. Count Mouravieff is ‘accompanied by a squadron of twelve war steamers anchored off Jeddo. Twelve Russian sailors were reported to have been murdered by the Japavere, and complications in cunse- quence were apprehended. rs RUSSIAN OFFICIAL REPORT OF THEIR PROGRESS IN JAPAN—TRE CZAR OPERATING BY FESTIVITIES, NEW YEAR'S CALLS, WINDMILLS, AND SWEET- The Abetlle of St. Petersburg publishes the folowing letter from the Russian consul at Hakodade, in Japan:— In order to induce the Japanese to enter into friendly communication with us, I got up parties at my house. My Success was complete; the Japanese readily accapting my invitations. On Christmas eve, in particular, T invited a Jarge party, aud I had rejoicings in the Russian style. In my drawing room was placed a Christmas t ecked out with various objects and sweetmeats, destined to bo offered as presents; the room itself was gplendidiy deco- rated, and the Japanese and Russian flags were inter- mingled. The inhabitants of the town, high and lox ymale and female, and even some government functionaries, were preseut. The Goveruor sent a present to be at tached to the tree, aud be charged an artist to make a painting both of the room and the company, Our ladies hildren, and lapanese seemed mach Russian costume, easion. On a subsequent and they greatly admired @ ladies put oa for the ov hs 60 much iwterested the Japanese note of them. The young Japanese who are pupils of the military and, a fuct which wil the Russian and Knglish lan- The paid me a visit, and he saysthat politeness, He stopped with me four also fifteen of bis functiona- Among the things which par- tention in my house were maps astern parts of Siberia, anese new year last a fortnight. t occasion the doors of houses are ornamented with ries, paper of different colors, aud various objects, 48 lemons, crabs, arrows, &c., employod as talis” the boginning Japanese visit their frien.'# and ac- aD The holidays of the Jap ray UK the uaintances and eat NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1859. AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Our Paris Correspondonce. Paris, Noy. 22, 1859. Exchaege of the Zurich Treaty Ratifications—The Parts Hires on the Regency — Lord Cowley's Kifforts to Prewrve the Grod Wall of the Emperor—he Attention Shown ttim—The Concentration of the Neapolitan Army in the Abruzro—Muntatantert's Pamphie-—The Pays and Con stilutionnel—A Ourious Fact im Jowrnatism— Registration & Infants, de., be. ‘The Plen'potontiarios of France, Austria and Sardinia exchanged, on the ist (yesterday), at Zurich, the ratifl cations of the treaty signed in that town on the 10h of this month, It appoars that the King of Sardinia, at last grown weary of the game of battledoor and shuttlecock, in which ho played ihe réle of the cock and feather, while the Em- peror of the French perfortned the more active part of bateman, has refuged to listen to any arguments tending to the disayowal of M. Buoncompagni’s regency, aud Na- poleon was obliged to content himself with the displace- meat of Garibaldi, whose name and position he contended wore a tower of strength to the extrome Italian party. Aremarkable leader appeared yesterday iu the Oon- stitutionnel, which journal was tho first to inform the world that the Emperor had thought it incumbert upoa him to dissuade King Victor Emanuel from dolegating the regeacy to M. Buoacompagni, no less than he had disap- proved the acvdptance of it by Prince de Carignan, The ole ‘o emooth away whatever difficuttios still remained in the way of a congress. But Lord Cowley is one of those men who do very well so long as they simply seok to carry ont the ideas of others. Chalk outa plan of action for bim, ho will de the work diligently and withoat any ambition of substituting himself for his principal. ‘The | telegraph to him is literally a Deus ex machenix, for will- out ithe would be nothing Nos @ stop, not an inch, does be move to the cight or left without haying recourse to the eleciric wire; and benes bis popularity in Downing ctroet, | IL would be absurd to say ho was a inan without ability, Dut his ability is precisely of that secondary charactor which excludes all idea of the slightest originality; and if porchance he ever makes the remotest attempt at anything of the kind, it is pretty sure to bow mistake. Thus, the moment he is confronted with Lord Jobn Rus- soll, and he begins to give utterance to his bopes of the Emperor's rapidiy giving way whon farly brought before «tho Songress, ho finds himself without a single new argu- ment. All he has to say is, that the Emperor of the French bas the utmost desire to be covciliatory, and will make large sacritices to accomplish a solution. “ What wilt he sacrifice ’”’ auswera Lord John. ‘Oh, he will endeavor to induce Austria to rocede from her position” respecting the duchies.”” “Will the Emperor give any assurance of that 2’, “I will communicate at onco by telegraph with Count Walewski,”” replies Lord Cowley, “Again,” says the English Foreign Secretary, “how about the form of government?—supposing the duchies to bo superseded, will the Emperor consent to the King of Sardinia’s ag- grandizement? These things must be determined before article in question commences by declaring that tho French policy in Italy has never varied on one point—the necessity of not permitting amy anuexation of the insurgent States to Piedmont; and then procveds to explain its disapprobation of Prince de Carignan’s regon- cy, on the special grounds that England, whose co-opers. on at the approaching Congress was 80 desirablo, voto: all things insisted on the abseuco of any pre judgment—of the entire and absolute freedom of that Congress. Its 6) Jection to the designation of M. Buoncompagni’s regency is removed, the Constitutionnel says, by the frauk vxpla nations of the Cabinct of Turin, and tho spirit of concilia tion ithas evinced in calling upon Garibatdi’s legion at his Command. It is distinctly understood, it observes, tat M. Buoncompagui’s regency is simply for the purpose of Taaintaining order. “The interest of Ttaly is in acc with that of Europe to refer to the Congress the Je. finitive settlement of the solutiom of the Italian penin sula,”? J informed you iu my iast that the Congress was really un fait accompli. But the sharp firing that has been kept up by Lord John Russell, as Foreign Secretary, has by ho means been agreeably to the officials on th the Channel. It has required a large display of Lora Cow ley’s lofty courtesy to prevent a hitch ia the diplomatic machinery, and the naturally reserved character of th man has, perhaps, tended to give additional force to his efforts on this occasion. His well knowu rigidity has always presented au impassable barrier to French pli ancy and intrigne, and his exteaordinary and somewhat unusual suavity in endeavoring tosmooth away many ofthe apparent asporitics of his piiacipal in this Io: corres- Pondence has no doubt shown all the brighter frou its comparative rarity. Tho circular that has been ad- dressed to the preféts in the provinces, in regard to the language of the provincial press respecting England, has boon issued at bis instance, and the Emperor has willing ly availed himself of every occasion to evince a concilia- tory disposition—so long as the Congress was possibl The English Ambassador left Paris yesterday, with private secretary, for London. Lord Cowley is energetic on all occasions in maintaining the bona fides of tho Em- Perer. “Ihave always said,’ he exclaimed before a small coterie of diplomats, an hour before he left Paris, rink in each house. To ympli- ted the governor with a gigas'tic ” pie, surmounted by a Japanese flag: it had groa Takeo Trip for Heal, and infact part oft wa sent vo deddo, Theanine A biographical sketch of our Minister. Mr. H the occasion of the new yéar conclude early in the ev 3 arris, y . which appeared in the Hart some months ago, contain, | dreath wai ee fake reat? culoy the agrocabis ed an error, which was discovered here soon after the | themselves well during the ‘Trecoirwe co ave conducted article made its way into this far off country. It was Stated that Mr. H.’s first audience with the Emperor took Place in the month of July, 1858, after the Powhatan to ha soners: they are relieved from their chi shave themselves, and to dress. themsol government functionaries paid us ig the preceding year aro destined ve. Indulgence is even shown at th is epoch to pri ‘wins, permitted to ves neatly. The “that the Emperor is above deceit or any spacies of char- latanism. The secret of the success i have bad with jhim as an ambassagor is his conviction that such is my beter, 14 I go tv England now fally persuaded that all I have to state’ Will sepyg to remove the slightest vestige of difficulty in rgd to the Congress.” Nothing, indeed, can exceed th aitenif,, Which has been lavished upon his lordship by the Court. Not oY With the first batch of visi- ters was he received at Compiag."°r But with the second i frequent visit , Senveyed him to Kanagawa, whereas it took place on the | S#Ked us for specimens of articles ia which trate anc, | algo; and to make the compliment gf) bis Lordship's Sb of December, 1857, Tore than seven months | which is pee ftp tantly ee age Sea biscuit, | daughters, Lady Sophie and Lady Cacitla, bene “43 and two vefore the arrival of any of the American squadron at | MAm now engaged in making the metal of a windmy; | Tomarkably beautiful girls, of eihtcon and ninctecdl, Were Simoda. they have no pce pete and yet they would be ially invited to be preser’ lebration of th With regard to th 1 ful’ in the country. I'am very sorey Ger soe er Ue. | impress’ fete. “t at the celebration of the gar © Published accounts of the cause of | good works on architecture, ior toe epee anys ome | the Marqeis de Bonne a " the death of the Emperor, viz : his regret at his American | '#ste for that science, They erect omidnee ueTest | plenipotentinries at or natn ‘eesnerty Onacgs de Adaire reales) there wus even a worse mistake, ‘There was | jhertwig, mils after the European fashion. We furaishod | St Vienna, bas beew ,isedto the raul of Commander 1a not a particle of truth in them, except the death. The | built one, which Is to ne one ae pred, Conierence. Hor, as a reward for his servicss at tho ae died in a legitimate and respectable manner, from | Witich would not disgrace our best engineers“? “4 | “Tt appears 0 se new King of Naples has been trying his Ze sata a of Pier, rope and the doctors. Th gee ae At what may be termed a Piedmonwese snub. 4 large and comfortable residence i e South Carolina Resol ‘ Y -y has assembled an army of some 26,000 mon ls city, which is pleasantly placed among noble t * FIRST SBT. gras re «bruzzi, and on the King of Piedmont desiring to omprising many s ‘ . Tees, | Whereas one John Brown, instigatod, -,» 1 4 the reason why, and at the same timo whether the pre 8 many soris, and among others ‘“crape myr- | by the abolitionists in the so galled ne, itis believed, -pottan King had agy intenbons of interfering wih the Hea,” some thirty to forty feet high, which are now | foderacy, and conntenanced be feane States of thi con” | “ egatious, he received’™we curt reply “that if it was free asics OE lowers The rear of the hodse is adornod with | Pty known as the republican pai fui copntomaey® (22 the King of Pledmout totake up arms in defenze of 10 ubual dwarfed treos and shrubs, and has bridges, | [8 plans, has recently attempted? ; Populations against their legitimate sovereigns, it was cmples, grottoes, terraces and tishpont 54 4 ‘4 pled to excite a servile t A onds. In the last, the sold fish are very large, and #80 tame that they are’ fod | yee, although not a single, «five was smincea bees fui us bands, aud the Woméent he approaches the poud | tually in said insurrection cst tho ent revere yd | canal apm to Mawes aim. Jn this country all kinds of | Soe outbreak by tbe Sonspirators was a Brett d life wrtdch 18 "50 strantly gey,.o°" veR: in the children “io ae sture, A town of tao shove ae saa Euro ud Americg Evy, vurity, to captu the Pier in tre ‘ ica, is uninte . > ‘and arsenal of wud inhabitants, | ’ +o Gigs eee of tie : { Se Wo Oar o United States, and to | osama gg ntl awe van tay prenne oe Sy fata lites + were naeestoaie?” ye, and several peaceful citizens 12lkin dad poATEVAGADE Oy ON a ig Cie SSH, | ere Ae» aad Whereas, although all of the cou- | le jy, At@ Good, but ne cstentation 18 exhibited. The Ebirator 5 OF" ally engaged in this attempt have been, it is zi i ginawy wants; and that envious forstag SuPDOe G, killed or captured and executed, or are to be | ro yunwy wan to ouiwie each other wy | Seed acegrding to law, after, fair trial, it may be rea- living, the: eby making themselves the *~ @iiticipat..1 that others will be ins Sy Fa a te, instigated to renew 4 2 to pe noire the means to sum rearial | £0809. sh renoy” frequently, and in stronger gangs, _wnk pown he “i ete ex. | aud perhaps and greasonable outrages against the | sr. atrjroduces | S¥Ch, Murderous SS oo, orn States, and their domes tt eer peace and safety of 1. °° FON “ore, be it « food 18 ‘abundant and | Pee utical in static ; there. "of Representatives | H eaniiol oF mmpare with your Fifth | Resolved by the Senate uc Ome | 9 defence and | ¢anhot ¢ or anything to compare with inte or | ofthe State of South Caroum, iat toe > slavery ag hus, But) OM! oo other hand, it has no Five Points gccure maintenance of the aystent 0 ew ‘se South- | rfect pre n and secu rn State, and that’ the burdei j ; ote that, exizt here is truly wonderful, and the ad. | om States, and thet | his | Maluctration. of lan is beyond all | “Resolved, That at tho call of any border or othét vith us, in e equal before the | co thorn State, for a convention of the slaveholding jaw. ae ey our theory becomes a gre Here ne the nor of the State of South Carolina be re- the ‘rich and powerful caunot oppress the poor and the (rod to appoint suitable delegates to suid Convention, weak, nor rain them & ts; nor can the Vioare hereby authorized to pledge this State to furni ni, with all his gold, escape the just punishment of nig offence ‘The laws their language; cl ‘by apliquated decizious. u prea Judge-made law, aud not to our ori ; bat here itas th is read: and ao Goce aes is as to its moaning and intention, nu pret ‘l dents are req he for the fortification of sary | ‘pret frontiers of the slaveholding States, and the | 4 6 rmbet d le in of Japan. are few in number, and simple ant the original law is not nullified er In our country we are ginal sta- he original law that is read: and a pected from th te of things, there is ae OCS ne of x Ks of | Btine. reel ‘atom in the scale ae of ake chicane of spacial plewlings, or any quiri tate to core would be scarcely gan poncticey toe i no great male- oainet the perpetual maintenaace of our system of Al dotted or a “1” Bot crossed. peor” ar of the said Union en e - picture, Ica assure you that there is uo Court of Chau- that system, that the South should discard said Union at ey ik Japan, nor can a single lawyer be found in tho | S00. snd forever. whole empire! j T have had some curious on the subject of trial autions with the Japanese ry. Would yoa believe it, ed palladiam of individual avg! that be system that ly > rogue and villa, Thave no space to give you th by. ibe they support such meres a px ng" Of course have epatd command, and Z carne tant my argaments were more convincing wo them thau they were an i f lo fact, they bothered me, and I am not yot out of the fog. Shanghas in the steamer took this excursion for the a strong medical letter ad- Our Minister went over to Mississippi in May last. He benefit of his health, and under a str ul dressed to bim by Surgeon J. 1. Fox, of our navy. He was absent fifty-one days, and was apparently much be- hefittod by the journey. ‘This absence took place Prior to | the treaty going into effect, and he returned to his pos in ample time to meet the business of opening pehisting No vessels had arrived during his abecace, nor kad any- thing occurred requiring his action. ate THE 1H SETTLEMENTS AND DUTCH TRADE— TAERAL REPORTS TO THE NETHERLANDS GOVERN- Jour: Nagasaki (Nov. 12) Correspondence of the Batavia ‘nal of Commerce.] ‘i ‘At Kanagawa an establishment bas been mado by the government on low tnarshy ground, near Old Kanagawa. ‘a village of no importance, where all the requirement commerce are wanting, and where it is next to epee ble to procure the common necessaries of life. Saddlery soems to be considered by fhe government as an article of war, for ag such its Sinportation has buen prohibited. ‘The question now is what is not an article of war? In sending anchors, chaincables and cordage, &c., an increased demand by shipping was anticipated, aleo to j meet with disappointment. Tho Ja sare forbidden by law to leave their country for purposes of trade; the coasting trade is inconside employing small Japanese vessels (somewhat similar to Chinese janks) in steady supply. Foreign vessels are not employed in this | coasting trade. The number of steamers builtin Europe, possessed by the government and princes individually, | does not exceed six in all, and the order | for ship gear, &c., recently executed for Japan, | will supply them for a long time to come. Foreign ships visiting here require very little; the principal trate as yet 4g with Shanghae, where ship stores, ‘&e., are abun dantly provided. The only shipchandier established here | Ses penty of stock on hand. | Jeddo is not expected to become an important place in a point of view; the priacipal places in this re- = are Osaca and Miaco; most of the transactions at jagasaki Kanagawa were for account of those two places, ani at it will probably be the same thing. ‘The Dutch war schooner Bali, recently returned from a Japan, reports much activity in the building wa, called New Kanagawa; dwell: , &c., were in course of con- very It is diffloult to say what may be obtained there, there being appa- for exportation produced in the sur- oun ing country. Trade is vory Surrection in the States of Vir- security, oy agures 0} 3 of Jobn Brown and the apparent state of public sentiment in the so-called free States this bw of all the States of this confederacy, and to our Senators and Representatives in Congress. instant:— Present stat agitation of the q' ‘Assembly deem it a fit mand that they unite for their | may determine. n and her full contribution of saoney fall the necessary points on tho | er full quota of mer soning and perpetual support of the same. a recclved, Thar while the considerations of safety and jous and paramont, justify and compel such defence, in view of this incendiary attempt islature does not hesi- best of deubtful value declare that this Union, al tesolved, That the Governor of the State be requested rane copy of these resolutions to the Governors SECOND SET. ‘Phe following were introduced in the House on the aM Resolved, That in view of recent events, and the resent Biate of things in the Union, growing out of the uestion of African slavery, this General eccasion for declaring that the in- terest and safety of the Southern States imperatively de- common Giang ae ved, therefore, That the State of South Caroli (16 act in concert with the other Southern State ‘of action the common interest and safe Resol prepared to act fi whatever course y nd. “ioebived, That bis Excellency the Governor be ro- ‘ Hu quested. to forward copies of the foregoing regol lone tothe Governors of the other Southern Sates, allowing were algo offered On the eame day the following were a jered:— Suances by the General Assembly of South Carolina, ‘TToat the State of South Carolina actin concert with the different border States, in any measures they may deem necessary for the defence and preservation of their insti- tutions, by all and every means in their power. Resolved, That his Excellency the Governor be request- ed to communicate these resolutions to the Governors of all the slaveholding States. And the following were al resented :— Resolyod, That die pegs ‘of’ South Carolina feel no ap- prehension as to the permanent existence, safety and ge- curity of their domestic institution of African slave labor, founded as it is in the best interests and happiness of the: tlack and white races, and which we are prepared to pro- tect and defend at any and every sacrifice, either of politi- ca} relations with the sedera) government or the Nc rn States, should it be involved or assailed in any manner or weatever. *Seaatved ‘That the State of Sonth Carolina hold herself in readiness at all times to act in concert with her sister slaveholding States, in any manner which they may deem sdvigable, to maintain and to defend tho interests of the South in the Union or out of it, as they in their wisdom | is the case, and its enactments) have been and will con- not the lees open to the King of Navies to interfere, in case of neem, in their favor. His army in the Abruzzi could offer 20 danger to the territories of the King of Piedmont, And as to what his Majesty might intend with regard to tie Iegations, ho had RO Obgervation to make.” Taken in conjunction with x ‘Ke. itrather looks like mischief brewing.” The following “communicated” note from the Minister of the Interior, in allusion to BM. Montalemoert’s pam- phict, is pablished in the journals :—~ “On the oceasion ot i¢ial proceeding instituted against & pamphlet recémty published, the Délats, the Presse and the Opinions Natiomale ask whether it 13 true that the government thiaks of arrogating to itself the right of making a definitive seizure without having 09- tained a judgment. The preliminary seizure of an incri minated book or pamphlet is a measure which reason can readily comprehend, and which the French critninal laws formally authorize. It is provisional during the judicial examination, and can only become definitive after demnation, and must be given up in the evout of an ac- quittal or of the abandonment of the prosecution, Such Sinue to be faithfully observed.” $ This, of course, is equivalent te an official announcement that the prosecution of M. Moutalembert has not been laid aside. i While one is speaking of matters relating to tho press, and the lim:tations wituim which its career $8 confined, it is an interesting fact (o bear in mind tbat of all the parties who have reason to complain of these limitations, nene have so little as the proprictors of joarnals in circulation, because to them restriction really means monopoly. Were the censorsbip removed to-morrow a hundred rivals would spring up for that patronage which a limited num- ber are now enabled to appropriate all to themselves. Tho Opinione Nationale two days ago hal some facetious remarks on tho manner in which the prees accommodated itself to the present state of things, as evidenced by journals belonging to the same proprie- tary advocating a wholly opposite set of opinions; and it instanced the Pays and the Constitutionnel. Both of these papers have the same company, the same proprietors, and sometimes even the same editors—hence, it remarks, their reciprocal courtesy. As to their diversity of opin- ions, it is based on a vulgar axiom of the theory of as- surances, and is in reality nothing but a division of labor. Hippocrates says “Yes,” and Galen says “No.” If the patient recovers, Hippocrates triamph#; but if he dies, everybody adimires Galen’s perspicuity; and, as Hippo- | crates and Galen are partners, and divide the profits | between them, it comes to pass that the patients despatched by Galen bring no lees emolument to Hippocrates than those saved by Hippocrates bring to Galen. In January last, for instance, there was the question of making war on Austria to deliver Italy. One of two things was certain to take place—either there would be fighting or there would not. The posts were allotted accordingly. ‘The Constituionnel was the partisan of war, and it de- scanted accordingly on glory, nationality aud indepen- dence. ‘The Pays took the sie of peace; and the subjects | of its disquisitions were the dangers of intermeddling with other people’s affairs, the apothcosis of scitishness, tirades | against revolutionists, and the checks of economy. |. The greatest interest is shown by tho government in the Chinese expeditien. Thesecond battalion of foot chassours, the effective strength of which is now twonty-six officers and nine hundred men, leaves Paris today, by the Weat- ern Railway, for Rennes, whence they will march for Brest and embark for China. Tho semi-official organs now contain stirring articles on the subject, in which tt is declared that though in a commercial sense France has } little or no interest in the question, yet that it would be un’ of Le Grande nation to be behind when the cause of civilization was to be confronted with bar- bariem. Independently of this, France is net to forget that she bears the cross of Christ on her banner, and that with ber divine staudard she must rally around it the millions who still dwell in the mirage of infidelity. From Brest we hear that the armaments for China are almosten- tirely ready. Tho Rhone and tho Perseverance are pre- pared to give accommodations to four companies’ of the Second regiment Of the marine infantry and marine fusi- Jeers. : ities here are about to réform a “most abo- minbie custom, which, under a heavy penalty, exacts that every new born child should within twenty-four hoars of its birth be conveyed to the Marie and publicly registered, endangering the life of the babe. A physician, for the express purpose of ascertaining the is tobo ited to visit the house. The wonder contrivance should nothave been “) appoi birth, is that so simple esolved, That she fecls inexpressible scorn and con- tempt at the infamous and hypocritical sympathy express- cd by a portion of the Northern people, in the recent at- tempt at insurrection at Harper’s Ferry, headed by a no- torious horse thief, assassin and Lain a jom they have andaciously enlogized 2 a iad and Christian martyr in his treason, murder and rob! '. Resolved, That the general “adoption of such a felting and such a sentiment, alike revolting to Christianity an civilization, b thom ae a nation of pirates, savages, assassins and traitors. Natursuzarios.—The number of persons naturalized in the Hudson county (N. J.) courts, from October 1 to Yun at this place, -No sale of imported J November 8, was dye hundred and eightova. * py the Northern States, will make it dishonora- ble and disbonoring in South Carolina and the other sla re- holding States to continue united in the game government wit a people whose social and moral tone characterize SE eriaomenat yesterday at ix o'clock stood at 2034 degrees Fahrenheit. Paris, Nov. 24, 1869, English Ambassador as a Diplomatist—Discovery of the tion of the Austrian snfantry—Re-organization of the mi- Ulary School of La Tleche—Tezation in Parts—Anecdote of the Prince Imperial—2he Approach of Winter—The Shops and Strect Bazaars—Theatres, ec. , cd. In my last I made allusion to the exigeamt tone of Lord John Russell's letters in regard to the Ifflian question, ‘and to the assurance expressed by Lord Cowley previous to his departure for London that he should at onge bo we can consent to go into Congress, Tho part Eugland has played of late at aesemblics of this nature caunotaguin be re- peated,and this time we must know where we are.” So, here is the British Ambassador as diligentiy pulling the strings of the electric wire on the other side of the Channel asa few days ago he was on this; and the Congress for the moment bangs fire. Ono may wonder how it js that such a man as Lord Cowley has contrived to hold his own so long as he has, But negative qualities are often as valu- able in this artificial world as positive. Ho has been care- tully educated in the routine of diplemacy, having beon private secretary to his father whea ambassador at tho French court. He never, therefore, neglects his busines, and the only pleasure he ever indulges in isa day's shoot- ing. His naturally morbid temperament would seem im- palpable to anything but the excitemeatof the chase. Ho has no conversatiunal powers, and, unless upon the pre sent business of the hour, has not « word to say for him- self, But this keeps him out of the faintest shadow of intrigue or indisercet remark. At his own table, surrounded with the most brilliaut wit of Eu- rope, be sits without uttering a word. But he looks eyery inch amaa, aud that is something, and the few syllables he does utter, delivered in the deep tones of an extraordiuary deep voice, sound something like sonse, if not really so. His temper is pecul arly domincering when he does give way to it,and for this reason he looses for his private Secretary a person of low origin, who bas too much at stake not to submit to his rough riding. Lord Cowley was removed to Paris from the mission at Frankfort in 1852, hy Lord John Russell. Ho was ordained in his office by Lord Palmerston. Lord Derby thought he could not dispense with him. Lord Ab erdeen refused to remove bim. Lord Palmerston on be- coming Premier still retamed him. Lord Maimesbury did the same, and now Lord Joha, who originally nominated him, is once more his principal. It is a curious instance, altogether, of flourishing mediecrity—of mediocrity deriv- ing new life and vigor from the contrary forces by which it is surrounded. I cannot help thinking, however, thatthe day is not far off when some most egregious blunder will be made, only find out when too late. In consequence of Lord John Russell’s obstinacy, understood that a private communication has been made by the Emperor of the French to the Bmperor of Austria. A rumor prevails that Napoleon begins to think the Italian affair must be settled, or that worse will como of it. It is said that a messenger from the King of Sardinia arrived | of the South Wales Railway at Compiegne on Tuesday night, just ac the Emperor had retixed to his chamber, and that after being immediately the conseq:iences of which Eogland will | countri clas weekly line of steamships to Now York. If rail- way property bere, a6 ia other countries, is valued in the Fbure nut ket according to the prospects ‘and business of the 1040s, the rise in value of the different railway lines from this port, consequent to the esiabiiahment of stoat- ore to New York, would be far greater than the amo capalal becessory to pul the sleatocrs into operal Now, let ng look ui the prespectof a large trade. By the way, 1 beheve somo of your enihusiastiy Southorn geatle- meh, Who bave an interest in the 03 ster beds of Governor Wise, sn the Dismal Swainp Capal, in Beaufort, Pocotaligo, Brunswick. Georgia, St. Augustive or the coral reefs of Key Wiet, have blown their penny whistles and tried to induce some who have wore money than brains to start a line of steamers from Bordeaux to some Southern Ameri- cau port, The esse, however, is like the Parliamentary bill for the Glenmutcukiv Railway, which, on examiuation, Was found to cuntain seventy-two fatal objections. Per: haps it is more like the dilemma of the very patriotic gen- man ina country village, who suid he had just forty-two reasons for uot firing a salute on the occavion of a great vietory: first, he never had heard of the victory; second, he bid no powder; third, he had nocamnon; butT believe tbe world bas never been enlightened with the othor thirty-nine conclusive reasons. Now, as for a line of steamers from here to Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah or New Orleans, there are ’ forty-two ’ formidable objections: first, there would be no travel; second, there would be no freight; third, no lotters ; ‘th, ne mortals could be found on this planet who ‘would con- sribute the capital, and a railway to the Moon, or a bal- Joon communication with the financial circles (and rings) of Saturn, bas not yet been established, Now, | will give you thirty-eight reasons moro, if you want them. A glanco ut the trade of ‘Bordeaux will show their requirements. I have been favored by the active and intelligent American Consul with some figures shewing the trade of the port. They import ¢otton, about 1,500,000 Ibs. annually; tobacco, nearly two million pounds ; indigo, luntber, and staves, flour and breadstuffs, coffee, cotton ‘ics, coal, iron and hardware, aud numerous miscellaneous articles. The exports of Bordeaux consist Principally of wine, branay, olive oil, and fruits. export about seven million ge 4 jallous uf wine, and of about one-fifth goes to different parts of America, With a line of steamers from Bordeaux to New York, the magnificent clarets of the Modoc, and the best variettes of wines made in Central and Southern France, ould fiud their way in large quantities to the United States. So long as labor is dear, making American wincs high priced, in addition to the circumstance that your Wines generally are grown in the interior, whence they have a long expensiye overland journey to reach the tables of the wine drinkers in the great cities on the sea- board, thore will be grounds for an unlimited demand for the light and delicious wines of France, Porhaps that demand will not be very extensive go loug as the poor bapboogled wing bibberg of Yaukee land prefor the Jimiadoo® of Spdpiah. Aud Portogutse wines, the vlan. ous decoctions of logwood, brandy, sloe juice, oak bark, malic acid, burnt sugar ant alum, that aro 80’ constantly served 03 in the United States. But m'mporte: chacun asm 3 It 1 wished to enter into an claborate argument ad- dressed to the people at Bordeaux, a city of 120,000 in- habitants, to show how vastly their interests would be fosigred By a line of transatiantic steamers, I would make some felling comparisous. I would say, without fear of contradtosion, that not one seaport town, nor one single railway riying t such town, has ever been largely presperous witRowt steamships running from the port. Portland, Boston ai wee YOrK are pertinent examples on the afbrmative side of thé qustion. Plenty of oxam- ples on the other side can be seen AU Along vour seaboard, from Now York to Key Went. One thing, Sowaver, must be borne in mind. Where there are few natural advan. tages, und scanty facilities for trade, commerce by steam- ships cannot be created. And once look at the railways that run from Loudon to different points on the seacoast in England. There are the Southeastern Railway to Dover, the Brighton and South Coast running to Brighton and New Haven, the London and Southwestern ruoming to Southsmpton, and the London and Northwestern run- | ning to Liverpool. These railways all do a large business and pay good dividends, and they all have steamship Koes running irom their seaport termini to foreign countries. On the other hand, there are the Eastern Counties Railway running to Yarmouth and Lowestoft, the Great Western rupning from London to Bristol, Exeter, Piymouth, and the consequent inorcase of money value of all usticles of consumption, ard the great decrease ia the umount of wine produced, the above estima cannot ‘De considered rnore than one third of the value per gallon at the present time. With # production in 1850 of 1,000, 000,000 gations, at a valuation of ten ponce sterling a gal- lou, the valve of the wine crop of France would be we hundred million ‘olaes. Wore there a steam line from Bordeaux to New Yorks, a large amount of French wines would find their way l) 1be United States, particularly the Tight and delicious ‘clayo', “tbe most glorious beverage that ever gladsened the bel (of mau,’ (A. B, Roach, ow “Claret and Olives.”) Notwithstanding the great decraase in the produce since the vine discase broke out, the export of wines from the port of Bordeaux alone amounted te 7,180,000 gallons im 1856, und 7,350,000 gallons in 1857. ‘The amount of brandy exported ‘from Bordeaux during each of these years reached about 800,000 gatlons, ‘These facts will give somo idea of the valuable products of Franeo, auc the interest the United States would have ja mo! intimate and active commercial relations with her, particularly through the port of Bordeaux, ee Our Richmond Correspondence. Ricaonn, Va., Doc, 4, 185%. Stevens Not tv be Tried in the United States Corurt— Legtelative Provision to try him by Special Court—Phe Reason for théa Courso—Direct Trade—The Cadets of the Virginia Mis- tary Institute—Abduction of Negrocs to te made Punta able by Death—Negro Testimony Admissible Again Ab- ductors—Appropriations—Betts to be Killed Of, de, Mr. Christian, of Staunton, offered the following resola- tion to-day in the House of Delegates of this State:— Y County toy, at & special term thereof, any vrigouer y, Who may have bad ® previous ex: that hey Ince se nt he pbalcear Stag tt law oauch effect, applicable to all the Gireuit Cour of the Before the question was put on the adoption of this rese- lution, the Speaker, 0. M. Crutchfeot, Beq., of Spotisylva- nia county, stated the object contemplated by the Fesolution to be the trial of Stevens, now a prisonor im Charlestown. The intention of having him tried im the United States District Court at Staunton was abandoned because of the recent action of the United States Senate in reference to the Harper’s Ferry invasion, This actien, it is understood, contemplates a full de- velopement of all tho facts connected with this af- fair, and thus suporsedes the necessity of a trial of ‘Stevens in the United States court, The Original purposd of transferring Stevops to the United States authorities Was (0 SWMMOD® Witneases from other States, aud ascer- , if possible, the complicity of prominent mon abroad in this Harper's Ferry affair. This object will be accom- plished under the resolution offered in the United States Senate by Senator Masom, of this Stato, aed . The resolution DIRECT TRADE WITH RUROPE, Ere. Mr. Thomas 8. Haymend, of Marioa count following regolution, which’ was adopted en? wered the Resolved, That the Committes ou " expediengy’of passing a law to the following caase ae e ‘iret—That retatiers o} Is of foreign growth and articles mapufuctured outside tbe limite of this Stale shall pay au od valorem tax upon the actual amcunt of their yearly sales 1 Recondly—‘ahat retuiiers of foods oF otker articles of the growth ald manufacture of this S.ate, sball only be required foPil o eetecoete aatnet ott Riga stein? goods of foreiga growth, er articles manufectui ss oe) tbe tila of § the hers ergy ve saa as ‘shirdly—ibat waolesale merchants, who inpert thelr goods from fore gn ports o:taide the limita of the United States, eee be authorized to sell by wholesale such goods no imported without bayiag any tax therefor, Fourthly—That wholesale taershaats wh) buy their outside of Virginis, and within the United States, shail pay am ad valorem tax upon the amount of sales made by thei, and that they have leave to report by bill or otherwise, It will be seen that, by way of encourage'uont to foreign trade, a discrimination is proposed to be made in favor of importatons from ports beyond tho limits of the United Faimouth, and the South Wales Railway’ connecting the Great Western with the sea at Milford Haven, ‘The Orst four do a prosperous business, and during the last five years have paid averago dividends of more than tive per cent annually, while the last three named have not exceed- ed two and three-fifths per cent (a shade over 21), and at some half yearly meetings have declared no dividends atall. These last have not been connected with fore ics to any extent by steamehip lines. 1 believe Mr. John Orrell Lever, M. P., who established the line from itis | Galway to New York, was tho founder of the New Bra- zilian line from Milford Haven to Portugal and Brazil. At the time this line commeneed operations, curly in Uc- tober, an account of which appeared in the , lam informed by a gentleman, who is a large dealer on the London Stock Exchange, that within a poriod of ten days, during which the first steamer started to Brazil, the stock went up fifteen per cent, with @ material advance in the stock of the Great Western; a rise that actually increased the value of the property of these two companies more than one million sterling. received and closeted with bis Majesty more than two | That value will undoubtedly remain, and even increase,aod hours, he returned to Paris immediately, which he lett ‘by_the next train. wi it casuist will say, the founder of this steamship lne not added the ameunt of a million pounds to the pro- ‘The police discovered, it ecems, an Italian association, | Petty of these railway companies? Examples like this are with secret passes, a fe who were in the habit ings in the ing pivhtly mee Rue de Jacob, in the tua ak Obetela, Hs Fal, ab, tas (wo vetube et the Orsini kind were found {na cheat kept on the premises. Al! the parties, to the number of thirteen, were arrested and are still in durance. ‘The Moniteur of this morning records the news of La Presse de Vienna, which states that by an Imperial order nil the infantry companies have been reduced from 100 to 80 soldiers, except tho regiments and battalions of Chas- seurs, which belong to the second army, or troops of the federal garrisons in Germany. At the approaching enlist- ment the infantry companies and battalions of Chassours will be reduced to nincty-two soldiers. ‘Au Imperial decree, founded on a report from the Minieter of War, reorganizes the military school of La Fleche, where, ‘it wil be remembered, serious dis- Mrvgvces ook place in March lust, which led to the ex- pulsion of ninety pupils. Something of a less military character in the way of study is to be introduced. 4 ‘The following is the rato of taxation on apartments in Paris for 1860. When the tenant has a rent of 260f., ex- tending to 499f, hig taz Will bothree per cent on this Fental; when 600f., to 990f., Ce Per cout; when from ‘ oe the an=)~a of General de Halbermorten, Commander in- | 1,0C0f. to 1,400f., seven per cout; ame {Fm 1,600, and up Chiof of the Pontitcial army, beginning, “Soldiers, jess bine pone Nee iba sees anda during the last Seven montns you have %uit yourselves |, Compiegne has of late been full of life. . - np iat posed to the mest infernal seductions and macbinaiciis, Fite gave a stimulus to the etognant waters, and there been nothing but movement cver since. The litte Prince Twperiat was charged with a small versification in honor of the occasion, to repeat to his Imperial mamma; but his courage was stronger then bis memory, and to the horror of his gowvernante, who had been laboring most zealousiy to prime him, the moment the bold Caporal opened his month, bis charge hung fire, and 60, horvically pitobing over the well rammedg conditions of ‘his instructress, the little fellow nt once flung himself into his mother's arms, | und after Ins own fusbion made a much more complimen- | Jrees than any which the most gifted teacher could | hea bim with. | ‘As December draws near, a visible change is apparent in the shops. Furs of the rarest quality, shawls of price- | Icse value, jewelry and bijouterie of the most reflued qu ty ana workmanship, meet tbe eye atevery turn. Thi season i3 beginning, it is evident, already. M. Taban, whoge great emporium of érennes is the object of attrac: tion W ail continental travellers, is filling bis window with novelties, which, for ingeauity, exquisite fivish and beauty, may challenge any other depot in the world. The toys of M. Giroux, on tho Boulo- Yard italicnne, attract crowds round ‘his wladows, al- | though they are simply the avant-courriers of what, are | still to come, One of the curious characteristics of Paris is, that at this season an army of (outers, who are rarely | scen at any other period, eprings up. Suddenly the quiet trotoir is besieged by a troop of men and boys, who, | spreading in admireg disorder every imaginable article, | from achina boat to a chintz curtain, silk neck ties, purses, pocketbcoks, candlesticxs, corn plasters, scent bottles, pots of pomade, tooth brushes, mirrors, &c., fill the air with such astonishing cries in laudation of their ares that a straager is utterly confounded. The thing endures in onc locality perhaps for a few hours or a day, never lorger, except by permission of the police, and’ then the tovter takes big flight to some other extremity of the town. Judging*from the curiosity they excite and the gales they make, the trade, though so “ez- cassivement bon marché,” is not & bad one. The Theatre Francaise has agreed to pay its authors fifteen per cent on the receipts derived from their works. ‘The Theatre Lyrique has made a most successful revival of Guck’s “Orphée,” with Madame Pauline Viardot as Orpheus. The enchauting music of the Elysian scenos and the superb Chorus of Demons, are magnificently done. M. Mortara, who I told you was here, is the lion of the day. He is a maa about forty-five, and of considerablo shrewdness and intelligence. ‘The Congress may possibly entertain the subject of his child’s abduction, but it is not Iikely to adjudicate on such a matter. Our Bordeaux Correspondence, Borpeavx, Nov, 22, 1 ‘Ihe Harbor of Bordeauz—Its Advantages and Railroad Cm- nectims—A Line of Steamers from the Southern Ports to Bordeaux. Impracticable—The Exports of that Port—The Advantages of Steam Connection with Foreign Countries— A Steam Line to be Established to Brazil—The People of France in Low Oircumstances—Silk and Lace Manufac- turers Laboring Under Dificulties—The Enterprise of Eng- tand—Her Superior Commerce—The Exports of Winefrom France—Its Consumption in Great Britain— Value of the Wine Crop in France, &c. Why should Bordeaux, commercially speaking, be so much out of the world? The very idea is absurb, and J am sure gome absurd regulations have combined to make it a place of secondary importance. No first class pert in Europe is so near New York, and, aided by steam and rail, no port of entry would give travellers fram America 80 direct a route to all Central and Southern Europe. A perfectly eafe harbor on the deep and navigable Garonne, eixty miles from the sea, with ten fathoms of water, every facility is found here for an extensive trade with all parts of the world. There are already railways direct from Bor deaux to Nantes and seaports at the north, to Paris, to ‘Toulouee and Cette, and Marseilles, on the Mediterrancan, nd directly south from Bordeaux to Bayonne and Biar ritz, on the borders of Spain. In a short time a very direct railway will be completed from here to Lyons; and, when the tunnel throngh the Alps at Mt. Conis is finished, there will be very direct railway communication not only with Switzerland and Germany, but to Turin, Genoa, Florence, Milan, Venice and Trieste, and in the Caspian Sea, to Constantinople, the valloy of the Bu Ind,” there direct, ‘quick, wronged at the national ernmout ant rovided always national’ gov thorities will consult their interest in ostablis! will be no cheap or pleasant to all France, Swit d_ local hing a firs! duo time to the banks of | the cholocst qua phrates, Bagdad, Bombay and Calcutta. Without looking 0 far to the Fast, to Oriental regions, and ‘the farthest route from America 80 Italy as this one through Bordeaux; hot required to prove that whenever practicable railway lines to the seaboard should have a connection by steam- ships with foreign countries. steam line has been subsidized, undertaken and promised from Bordcaux to the Brazils. In South Ameri- ca they consume French wines pretty largely, and in France, on the other hand, they are great drinkers of coffve—the great staple of Brazil. We all know that coun- tries with differcat climates, and dissimilar products, create a demand for commerce. Trade also is founde on diversity of pursuits as well as of products. I believe that to-day France only requires an active forcign com- merce to be ono of the greatest and most prosperous States in the world. With a navy about as large as Eng- land, a standing army rouch larger, a more numerous population, a far wider territory, more agreeable climate and a greater variety of products, she only lacks this one clement of wealth to be one ofthe loading, if not the leading, commercial nation in the world. Why should France be satisfied with giving the Court language to diffe- rent nations, and with taking the lead in milline ry, and orfgnatin the fashions of dress through- out the fashionable world? France has every clement of internal trade io & high degree, agriculvire, Hahufactures aud commerce; and yot it must be ddnfessed that France is poor. The people arc, nine tenths of them, in low circumstances, while the nation is oor, and finds it diflicult to make both ends meet without fnercasing a national debt diready pretty large. The sik manufacturers of Lyons and the lace manufaeturers of Brittany and Normandy have to conten! with a heayy competition in foreign countries, without the aid of that active and enterprising commerce of their own which should penotrate every sea and find a market in every land. Engiand coloniz ery fertile shore, explores every island, fishes in every sca, spins cotton fabrics for the torrid and woollen stuffs for the frigid zones, clothes the savage and the civilized, the world over, digs for iron and coal at home, and takes possession by means of com- | meroe, colonies and an «ifinity of race, of gold and silver mines at the cndyof the earth. And all this is done through incessant activity, an enterprising and searching commerce and an incomitable perseverance that is daunt- ed by no obstacles. You cannot give French people the ther; but why should’ France be so far bebind the English race in the one field of foreign trade’ €an a nation pect te hold her military prestigo, retain her national strength, keep in the front rank in the march of improve ment, and give stability to a national system, without a succesaful competition in the great field of commerce? ‘What gave the Dutch their vast power in tho seventeenth century? *Commerce, aud nothing else. What gave Crom- well his victories over them, and started Engiand in the | race of power and wealth, in which she has never found a successful competitor, except in a nation founded by her- selfY Fuglish pluck, love of civil and religious hberty, and the active and successful pursuit of commerce and wealth. Why is Austria a weak nation’ Because she is poor, and hag no commerce. And of how many of the nations of Europe can we eay the same! Why is Russia in the background, as compared to the active commorcial nations of America and Europe? Because she is situated in an unfavorable position for foreign trade. The same cannot be said of France. What makes London the cen- tre of exchange and England the centre of commerce for all the lands and nations of the earthy Because her com- mercial arma, ke those of a new Briareus, stretch forth to every corner of the world; because her numerous steamship lines cross evgy ocean. and lay every land and every gold and silvemino under contribution to sap- ply her wants. nd has not Frange equal advantages, and equal epportunities for an extensive commerce, save and except habit, prestige. and long continued ‘exer- tion crowned by well merited success. With a prominent seaport—Havre—on the English Channel, Nantes and Bordeaux on the Atiantic, and Marseilles on the Mediter- ranean, France is actuaily in the centre of the nautical and commercial world ‘And this is the state of the case from the French point of view. Could the trade between France and the United States be largely increased, it would be of immonso ad- vantage to both countries. France imports veyed ac. cording to M. De la Trehonnais, cerials (breadstu! is) to the amount of sixty million dollars. This does not include rice, the imports of which amount in value to seven mil- ion dollars annually. Besides, France is a great importer of tobacco, cotton goods and other products that are largely produced in the United States. Labor being much cheaper in France than it ever has a prospect of being in the United States, were there an extensive reciprocal com- merce the Iarge demand in America for French silk fabrics and sewing silk would, i a few years, greatly increase the demand, the supply and the price of this important article of French manufacture. The production and ex port of French wines to the United States and other coun- tries will demand a separate letter. I believe that few out of ibis country are aware of the enormous production of mergon Tennent, in his work on wines, estimated the an- nual product, in 1850, at about one thousand million gallons, I am sure it would surprise you and the most of your readers to learn the excessively small proportion of this vast product that goes to foreign countries, par- ticularly to that wine drinking nation, Great Britain, and to the equally wine loving Yankees. In 1851 the exports of wine from France amounted to 50,149,078 gallons, and in 1854, with the decreased production in consequence of the vine discage, only 28,908,912 gallons. This would show that at least nineteen-twontieths of all the wits 7 grown in France is consumed in the country, and and One-twenticth exported. But of those exports hee: rot only takes about half a millien gallons, and ho Sais States a little less. If those figures are correct. Cswmand wine made in France, only one gallon in Jonten eo finds itg way to tho United States, and Mi ya ect . proportion to Great Britain. You are woll aware thay the high latitude and damp climate of Great Britain, they are in the habit of drinking old, heavy, and high spirited wines, particularly those made in Spain, Portugal and Madeira. ‘The consumption of these winos in Groat Britain amounts to nearly six million gallons annually; lies of the wines of those countries, as is sent to England. : ‘The gross value of the wine crop in France, like the cotton crop of America, doos not fluctuate with the quan- tity produced, The Value of this important product in France amounts, as you may well imagine, to a very ro- spectable sum. Sir John Bowring, in a report made in hss, estimates the avernge valuo ot all the wines grown in ce, at Sixpence half penny British—about thirteen ; | cents American—por gallon. Looking at the great it I increase jp {he sirculation of the precious motels well known, this necessary and popular beverage in France. Sir Km- | States, and against goods imported from home porta. ‘The object is to cut off all trade with the North. State of things when the Legislature of one of the fede- ratea States discriminates against importations from sis- ter States at the North, and in favor of those froin for- eign countries! And this is but tho first of a ciase of measures which must result in serious consequences te the trade of the North. Iregard this asa very natural result of the course of the abolitionists. The momorial which I sent you in connection with my report of the proceedings of the Southern Righ:s Association, reflects in a great measure the prevailing sentiment of the State on the subject of trade withEurope wad the Norta. Tho cadets of the Virginia Military Institute arrived here from Charlestown yesterduy, on their way home te Lexington. They appeared in Capitol Square to-day, neat- ly attired in red fannel shirts and gray pantaloons. All the members of the Legislature were ‘present by special: invitation, both houses having adjourned at 1 o'clock te witness the parade. The cadets appeared with two twelve pound howitzers, and went through the regular arullery drill, displaying a degree of efficiency whieh elicited the admiration ot all who were present. They were subse- quently reviewed by Gov. Wise, attended by Col. Smith, President of the Military Institute. Several rounds were fired from the howi:zers, for the purpose of showing the efficiency of the cadets in this branch of drill. I heard Col. Smith remark that they could fire as many as six shots a minute from each gun. This is a degreeef ri ty rarely attained by the most gificteat in artillery drill. Jt is generally supposed that the Legislature of Vii will pass a law at its present session making the abduc- tion of slaves a capital offence; and in order to give more eflicicnoy to that enactment, negro testimony will be made admissible as against that claes of offenders. At present the testimony of a negro against & white maa isnot stubble, anid bance the great iculty heretofore encoun! see - tion of abductors of slaves. prislitas f In both houses of the General Assembly the committee heretofore denominated “the Committee on the Militia Laws,"’ waa changed by giving to it the name of “the Committee on Military Affairs.”” This was done co as to sdapt its name more closely to the functions which it will Lave in future to perform. Its duties will comprehend far more then the framing of militia laws. Judging from the military spirit which has recently sprung up in the Common weal:b, and the necessity which seems to be felt for a thorough ‘military organization, the duties of this commrttce will fall little short of those performed by the Committee on Military Affairs of either Poses of Congress. Itis Buppooed that the aggregate amount of appropria- tions which will be made by the present Legislature for internal improvement purposes, will reach over five mil- lions of dollars. Two millions a year for six or eight years will probably be appropriated for the completion of the Covington and Ohio Railroad, which is entirely a State line. When that is complete, we shall have a direct railroad connection between the Ohio river and tide water, through the centre of the State. T understand that at the State opposition convention, which is to mect hore in February, a perfect quictus will be given to Botts’ Presidential pretensions, in the shape of a resolution repudiating every man who holds now, or has ever held, such sentiments upon the slavery question us Botts avowed in his Powhatan speech. His expressed willingness to affiliate with free negroes to defeat the de- mecracy, in his speech last winter in the African church in this city, will be ventilated, to tho certain death, now © | habits of the English, nor make one people like unto ano- | and hereafter, of his political—and, as many say, imperti- nent—pretensions. Botts’ day of retribution is near at hand, His antislaverv sentiments in the past will now react with fearful effect. should not say this, perhaps for the truth ie, Bows is already politically defunct, any retributive measure such as T understand is in con- templation, would be like attempting to kill a dead man. , 1 am informed that Bows intends selling his fevenue,” from an pope etenaice that he stands in bis way for the Presidency. He may, however, reoon- sider this purpoze, in view of the contemplated delérmina tion to kill himn off at the opposition convention. Tam Informed that the Legislature intends ordering the lication of the names of the several defaulters returned y the Commiseioners of the Revenue. I will give-you a few gems from the list, and Ihave no doubt that you will esteem them interesting. Our Buenos Ayres Correspondenae, BUvENos Ayres, Oct. 15, 1859. An Easy Mode of Banishing Examined—Senator Marmot— His Chavacter—Arrival of General Lope:—Honors— @bject—Cannonade of Rosario—Arrival of Mr: Brent— Mness—Derqui to be Next President of the Confedera- tion—Death of Mrs. Hudson, dc. Within the year a law has been enacted giving the Go- vernor authority to remove citizens from one part of the State to another, upon any supposed political necessity. Lately an editor here published an articlo, and he was re- moved to a country village. The aftair called up the law upon its merits, by the offering of a bill to repeal it. The discussion that ensued was conducted, on the side of libe~ ral sentimonts chiefly by Senor Don Jose Marmol, and for the government by Domingo F. Sarmients. The result waa. the bill was lost by two votes. The affair called out still more prominently young Sena. tor Marmol. Ho is already well known as a poet anda. novelist, and recently he has distinguished himself as an orator. He has a rich, fine voice, an easy and graceful diction, and at times he becomes brilliant and cloquant. He watches the movements of government with ceasoless. and accurate attention, and applauds or consures with great freedom and great effect. The great event of the month is the arrival this week of Marshal Don Francisco Golado Lopez, son of the Pre- sident of Paraguay. He comes to offer his mediation be- tween the Confederation and Ayres. A govern. ent steamer brought him, and he was recoived with a tary salute of seventeen guns, and escorted by the Com- mander of Marine to the Goyernor’s coach, which was drawn by four white horses. No pains were spared to muke his entry notable, and tho key to the whole is suy posed to be that the government intends to onter into ded nitearrangements for peace through him. His father is a dear friend of General Urquiaa, and as ho has some pros- pects, he wAi not be averse to making friends of those whose gung cover the mouth of the La Vata, George Lee Brent, Secretary to Legation of the United States at Parana, has lately arrived here, and has been lying i for some days, but he is now nearly’ recovered aad rides out every day. ‘Tho forms of clection are progressing in the Confodera- tion, showing that Derqni, the present Vico President, is to be President of the Confederation upon the expiration of Urquiza’s term in November, An excellent American lady, Mrs. Carolino Augusta Hudson, formerly _of Berwick, Maine, died at her reai- dence, mear this city, Ooto 4 mented: October 2. Sho is universally la- iad Hats Dowsak.—Tho Philadelphia North American it in a few days a new coinage of half dollars, pro- duced at the United States Mint, will be submitted TOF tho approval of government. ‘The new coin, alt of the same diameter as that now in circulation, is much thicker at the rim, in consequence of the deoper sinking of the dic, hence much more durable. On ono side is a medal- lion portrait of Washington, with the head wroathod with laurel; the word “ liberty” upon a scroll over tho bust; at tho bottom the date, 1869; and around the whole the words ‘‘Tinitod States of America,” in plain, well adapted, raised letters, On tho reverse site, a wreath of a volves the Words“ haf doliar’’ in the gare beautiful lettern, o TT OO OO OOO a OOAESV—V—_VOOooooww..|.Ll ee ee