The New York Herald Newspaper, November 14, 1859, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. MORNING EDITION—MONDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1859. WHOLE NO. 8470. Arrival of the Asia at New York and the Hungarian at Portland. Wews from Hurope, China, India, Japan, Australia and Brazil. THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN ITALY. Progress of Garabaldi’s Counter Revolution. Important Letter of Napoleon to the King of Sardinia. lord Brougham on the War in Italy and a French Invasion of England, Meeting of the Czar and Prince Re- gent of Prussia at Breslau. ‘The American Claim to San Juan Island Again Denied. ASPECT OF THE SPANISH WAR WITH MOROCCO TERRIFIC STORMS ON THE ENGLISH COAST DISASTERS TO AMERICAN VESSELS. Details of the Wreck of the Royal Charter. POUR HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIVE LIVES LOST. Interesting Account of Mr, Ward’s isit to Pekin. den, THE NEWS BY THE ASIA, ‘The Cunard steamship Asia, Captain Lott, which left Liverpool at eleven o’clock on the morning of Saturday, the 29th of October, arrived at her dock at Jersey City ‘mt nine o’clock yesterday morning. ‘The French expedition to China is diminished, it is said, ‘en account of the cost, while that t0 Morocco is to be aug- mented by two brigades. ‘It ig said that a conference had been held in London Detween Sidney Herbert, the Secretary of War, and the @bief secretary of the French Minister of War, in which all the arrangements for the combined expedition to China were concluded, the departare of the expedition being fixed for the first fortnight in February. The London Zimes says that the vessels fitting out at Portsmouth to reinforce the squadron in China, will sail for their destination on the 24 November. ‘The London Times of the 27th of October says:— In addition to the large quantity of engineering stores which the detachments of Royal Eugineers about proceed- ‘tng to China take out with them, the authorities have de- cided on forwarding to China several miles of telegraph wires, together with telegraph apparatus of the most Modern cunstruction, in order to enable the force which is about to be despatched to China to keep up instantane- ‘ous communication with each other whenever separated. Several of the non-commissioned officers and men of tho Royal Engineers who haye been selected to proceed with the detachments to China have been andergoiag a course of mstruction at the telegraph school at the Royal En- giveer establishment, Chatham, to enable them to lay the wires and work the apparatus. ‘The Salut Public, of Lyons, contains the following arti- cle:— It is seriously proposed to establish a direct steam ser ‘vice between France, India and China. The first result 0 Buch a service would be to remove the carriage of silk from the exclusive discretion of the Peninsular and Orien- tal Company. But it is intended to go farther—the French ‘company charged with this service would, if we are well informed, be a banking house specially created with a view to the extension and facility of our financial and commercial relations with these countries, where English houees reign exclusively and without competition. Contracts are stated to have been made for supplying the whole French force in Italy up to the 21st of May next. M. Frederick de Coninck, ot Havre, bas just published a second pamphlet on the Isthmus of Suez Canal scheme, ‘of which he is a determined and persevering adversary. ‘The Bishop of Orleans, in his last pastoral letter on the Roman question, observes:— The victorious obstinacy of M. de Lesseps pierces the Jand of Suez, and through seas that approach each other, and opens a shorter way for the Gospel to the Indies. On this passage M. de Coninck remarks:— Certainly, if 1 shared this opinion, I should do nothin, to prevent the construction of the Canal of Suez; but consider the sacred cause of the Gospel has nothing whatever to do with the subject. We are no longer in the times of Vasco de Gama; and if our worthy missiona- ries desire to carry the good tidings to India and Chiua by Suez rather than by the Cape of Good Hope, they noed uot wuit for the good will of the Sultan, and, after- ‘wards, the conclosion of M. de Lesseps’ labors.” They may set out to-morrow. M. de Coninck is of opinion that the Pasha of Egypt makes use of the Sultan’s name as a pretext for getting out of the Snez Company, he being both a shareholder to a large amount and proprietor of the Alexandria and Bucz Railroad, which yields profits quite unhoped for, and to which, of course, the canal would be in opposition. ‘The Times bas a leader on Lord Brougham’s speech at the Edinburgh banquet, and says:—We were never more serious than when we hail in Lord Brougham an almost providential medium betwoen English and French ideas. Lord Brougham was elected Chancolior of the Edinburg University, by a vote of 664 to 419 for the Duke of Buc- cleugh. Sir George Grey has announced his intention of accept- ing the Governorship of the Cape of Good Hope. ‘The will of the lato Robert Stephenson, Esq., has boon sworn to by the executors. The personal property alone was valued for probate duty at £400,000, which is exclu- sive of the freeholds. A fire took place on the 28th at the palace of the Senate de Laxembourg. The Salle de Jeamnas was completely destroyed, and four persons were dangerously injured. ‘The galleries, museum, archives, library, &., wore all saved. ‘The Paris correspondent of the London Herald writes that government bad given orders to an iron company for one hundred gunboate, twenty-five of which aro to ‘De completed with the utmost despatch. The Moniteur de Bologna contradicts the report that the Bichop of Rimini had been arrested. Three monks wore arrested in consequonce of serious accusations against them. From Turkey we learn that the nomination of Kubristi Pasha as Grand Vizier had been confirmed. ‘The Commissioners for settling the boundary question in Montenegro were obliged to leave the country, having Deen attacked by the inbabitants. Some insurances were effected at Lloyds’, on the 27th, of the buHion by the Royal Charter at 25 per cont, The great gale which caused the wreck of the Royal Charter, and the detention of the steamers North Ameri- can and City of Balumore, was most disastrous in its of fects all around the coast of England. Numerous vessels (mostly, coasters) were wrecked, and many lives were Jost. Much damage was also done on land. ‘Tho following disasters to American vessels are ro- ported: The bark J. M. Thurston, Captain Grant, from Loudon for Port Talbot, in ballast, wus driven ashore near Fal- mouth, bnt was subsequently towed off and taken into Fal- mouth harbor. The damage was not supposed to bo ox. tensive. The British ship England, from Liverpool, for Now. Or- Jeans, went ashore m Holyhead harbor, but was expoctod to be got off. The American ship Rockingham, from Cardiff, outward Dound, lost anchor# and cable in Penarth Roads, and was ‘run on the mud, The bark Marlborough, from Baltimore, was totall wrecked near Tifracombe; crew sived, with tho excop tion of the pilot and recond mate. Tho ship Torpaco, at Liverpool from New York, was struck by agea on the 6ih of October, which washed overboard the first aud tbird mates, five eoamen and two oats, Three other boats were also emashod. A heavy wale bad occurred on tho Black Sea, and fears wore onterjained of very serious damage to the shippi de. ae THE WRECK OF THE ROYAL CHARTER, Additional Particulars of the Disaster— The Vessel Caught in the Great Chan- nel Gale near Shore—Anchors Let Go, as No Pilot Could Be Had—Gouing on tne Rocks of Moelfra Bay—A Brave Sailor— Ship Asunder, and Four Hundred and Fifty-Five Persons Kiiled and Drown- ed—All the Chief Officers and Women and Children Lost—Bulld and Cost of the Vessel—Casualities to American Ves- sels During the Storm, de. By the City of Baltimore we received brief accounts of the wreck of the screw steamship Royal Charter, and of the fearful logs of life involved therein. We are now in possession of graphic and copious details of the sad cala- It appears thal the Royal Charter, when within two or three hours sail of Liverpool (after a rapid passage from Melbourne), experiencod the full fury of @ terrible north- east gale, which prevailed all over England during the night of the 25th and 2éth ult. The steam power of the vessel being merely auxiliary, it was insufficient to pre- vent her from being driven towards the shore, and as the water was rapidly shoaling, it became necessary, at about ten o’clock at night, to let go the anchors, guns having deen previously fired and rockets discharged in the hope of attracting a pilot, but withows success . 3 ‘The gale meantime increased to a perfect hurricane, and at two o’clock in the morning the port anchor chain parted, and shortly afterwards the ship was beating on the rocks in a place galled Moelfra Bay, near Puffin Island, on the coast of Anglesea, The masts were cut away, but without any beneficial result. About daylight (six o’clock) a sailor with a cord tied around his waist, jumped overboard, and although the sea ran tremendously high, he succeeded in reaching and maintaining a footing on the rocky sbore, which was not more than ten yards distant from the ship, but was almost perpendicular to the height of forty feet. A hawser was then got ashore and a boatswain chair was attached to it with a view of hauling the passengers and crew on shore. Abovt a dozen seamen were by this means soon landed, and it was hoped that all on board might be saved, At about seven o'clock, however, the waves beating against the ship’s broadside with continued violence, she suddenly snapped asunder amidships and tumbled in pieces. "As the passengors ! 1 mostly kept. below, lar numbers were killed by the crashing debris, and only twenjy-six managed to get ashore, making the whole number saved only thirty-nine out of a total (passengers and crew) of 493. ‘The scene was terrible in the extreme, Many wero washed on and off the rocks several times, and in nume- rous instances those who thought themselves secure on jutting rocks were hurled back into the sea by the furious waves. Bes a superior officer was saved, neither a woman nor ohald. Captain Taylor exerted himself to the utmost, but was finally struck on the head while struggling in the water, by a boat falling from the davits, and was seen no more. Tae destruction ot the ship was rapid and complete, 0 that by eight o’clock nothing was visible but masses of wreck, mingled with bodies of the dead washed on the strand, ‘The prostration of the telegraph wires, and the destruction by the sea of a portion of the Chester and Holyhead Railroad (which passes the locality), caused considerable delay in the reception of the news at Liver- pool, and a consequent loss of time in sending tag boats to the spot. The vessel had on board (supposed) 79,000 ounces of gold, besides a large number of sovereigns, es- timated of the total value of from £500,000 to £800,- 000, and hopes were entertained that this might be recoy- ered by divers. The Royal Charter was an iron vessel, of 2,749 tons register, clipper bulit, and furnished with arbxiliary sorew, engines. She was built in 1855, at a cost of over £90,000, and was insured for £80,000. Her general cargo was not very valuable—say £5,000. ‘Of the persons on board the Royal Charter when she left Australia sixty-three were cabin passengers, 325 other passengers and 123 crew—total, 611. Of these ’seveuteen Passengers were landed at Queenstown, and thirty-nine were saved from the wreck, so that the total loss of life ‘wus 455. Among those reckoned us crow were eleven riggers who were transferred from a tug boat to the Roy- al Charter in the Channel for conveyance to Liverpool. Insurances were being effected at Livyds on the bullion at twenty-five per cent premium. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS OF THE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. SPLENDID RUN FROM AUSTRALIA—SIGRYING THE WRECK LAND. [From the Liverpool Times, Oct. 20 ] It is our painful duty to record the total loss of the magnificent screw steamship Royal Charter, and of 450 of her passengers and crew. The Royal Charter was well known as one of Mesers. Gibbs, Bright & Co.'s fleet of Australian clippers, and famed for the regularity and speed of ber voyages to Australia, This lamentable event occurred during the gale on the morning of Wednesday, the 26th, in Red Wharf Bay, which is situated about three miles to the westward of Puffin Island, Menai Straits, and six or seven to the north- west of Beaumaris, on the coass of Wales, some four hours’ sail from Liverpool. ‘This catastrophe has in a marked manner cast a gloom over this town; and in London a painful sensation was ex- perienced on the distressing oceurrence becoming known there. The following is a detailed report of the wrecl After a splendid passage from Melbourne, accomplished in about fifty-six days, and having landed seventeen pas- sengers al Queenstown aud telegraphed her safe arrival tothe owners, she made for Liverpool on Tuesday last, At half-past four P.M. she passed Holyhead, when a strong breeze from the E. N. E. eprung At forty-tive minutes after seven she passea the Skerries, and the wind began to veer more to the north and to increase in strength. At ten o'clock, being near high water, and the atmosphere thick, with rain, the wind blew a hurricane from N. E., and the vessel was put under all steam and left with bare poles, steering 8. E. by E. a quarter E. Finding that the ship had got near the shore, un effort was made to put her about, but the gale was so furious that the small strength of the screw, compared with the size of the ship and the height of her masts and upper gear, was of little a and they could not get her round. Captain Taylor came on deck about nine o'clock, and a lead was kept constantly go- ing; fluding that they were nearing and nearing the shore, the port anchor was let go, in 16 fathoms, wich about 75 fathoms of chain paid out. ’ They next let go the starboard anchor, the wind still blowing a perfect hurri- cane and the weather so thick and dark that nothing could be seen. Before this rockets, and gun firing, and blue ights had been seut up in the hope of attracting a pilet, but all in vain, not a living thing was to be seen. GOING ON THE ROCKS IN A GALK. At two o'clock on Wednesday morning she perted her anchor chain, and the stream anchor was gut over the bow. The ship having now gobentanyied with the land, and struck stern on, the maimast was cat uway at half past two, and in going over the éide it carried away the mizen top along with it with a fulcrash It is said | that an axe for the purpose was not readily ‘ound in the excitement, but that one was not necessary, (or on cutting the stays, 8@ strong was the gale, that it toppled over ab once. At3:45 A. M. thoy cut away remedy was too late. Still she kept beating on the rocks, and, heelivg at the stern, she swuug with her broadside to tae land. About daylight (six o'clock) a Portuguese seaman, named Joseph Rodgergon, tied a cord around his waist and jumped overboard. The Jand was uot more than ten yards away; but the sea was 80 tremendously high that every wave beat over the chip like a cataract, and ren- dered every attempt at safety dangerous. The seaman, however, got a firm footing, and by means of the cord a hawser was got ashore and fastened to the rocks, Oa this a boatswaia’s chair was fixed, which could be hauled to and from the ship by men at each end. A few of the islanders came promptly to render assistance, and in the chair about a dozen seamen were hauled ashore. Whea daylight was dawning this process, it #as supposed, would be suficient to land all the passengers—or at least to _— them until daylight revealed some better oppor- tunity THE VESSEL BEATEN BY THE WAVES FALLS TO VIECES-- HARROWING SCENES ON BOARD AND IN THE WATER. At about seven o'clock, the waves beating against her broadside with continued violence, she suddenly snapped och amidships, and tumbied in pieces like a house of cards. The scenes on board during tho last hour were painful nd description. Wives and husbands, children and parents, lovers and friends, were embracing each other with the consciousness thatthey were about to meet in- evitable death, The Rev. Mr. Hodge, a clergyman from New Zaaland, before this had commenced a prayer meeting in the sa: loon, which was earnestly participated in by most until the crash and ruin and the flooding of water ren panic universal, About twenty-six persoug man: get ashore, but it was more through Provigence than de- sign or ability, for they were all washed on the shelving rocks, and as narrowly escaped being washed back. In- deed, many were was “al times, and many who thought they had secured land, or held fast by A jutting rock, were hurled back again toa watery grav ‘On the vessel breaking open numbers of peope to be seen floating about for a few minutes, but what with the strength of the waves, the masses of debris which covered the sea and struck many « brave and straggiiog man’s brains out, but few were able to gain a frm hou! of land. At eight o'clock in the morning nothing but the wreck ecattered about. and corpses left on the strand, revealed the terrible catastrophe that had befallen nearly 600 human beings, a few hours before glowing with joy at once again sighung the sbores of Oli England, for which they had tolled and saved, and satisfied that now the voy age in which they had almost circumuavigatedt. the globe was safely ended, for they were iu ihe bosom of their country, “Indeod, so much had they satisiled themselves that the voyage Was enved, that on the day before thoy presented the captain with a piece of plate, for ts uni form kindness aud attention, and in the congeatalatory speeches which followed the ‘captain pleasantly assured them that within twenty.foor honrs ho expected to be oa the leo side of Mre. Taylor. The captain, however, succumbed to a gailor’s fate. He was seen giving orders on deck with # spar Jashed to hime #0” that he might be prepared to He was again strugg fo tho water, laying bold of a yardarm, aud i every bow and then being washed trom his grip. On recovering his spar, by a determined effort, he on two occasions cried out cheerfully, ‘There is yet?” After this he and Mr. Dowie, the second offluer, were seen on the lee side of the ship, struggling to reach the shore, when a boat fell from the davits and struck thei both op the head, after which they were seen no more, One incident is related, that when the captain had been struck prostrate on deck, exhausted, he saw the water @ child from its mother’s arms—a Juwess—and dagh it ut the deck. He cried out to the chief officer, Mr. Stevens, to give a hand there, and to lasb tho child by a rope, no doubt expecting at that time that help woald be 800n available, REPORT OF THE SOKNE BY A LIVERPOOL RIGOBR. William Barton, a rigger af Liverpool, gives the follow- ing account of the wreck :— le said that he and ten others having taken the bn hoon round to Cardiff, went on board the United ingdom, tug steamer. Meeting the Royal Charter ing towards Liverpool, wey got on board to work eir passage home, at vieven o’vleck on Tuesday morning, when off Bardsay Island, As the evening came on ‘ ; ty becreyerrer ang Up. They fetched Point. Lynas about on »and hove to for a y Espa but no pilot came. About twelve o’cluck they found emeelves Op the lee shore, off Malvery, and still no pilot, when they let go the port anchor in dftwen fathoms water. ‘The anchor parted about two o'clock, wheu the second anchor was sent down with 110 fathoms, the port one having used 80 fathoms om the starboard. The steam ‘was up, and the vessel was then turned with her heat to the wind; but she continumd to drag stern in ashore, with Point Lynas light on the port side. The ship struck 00 an jron-bound coast, in Malvery, not far from Amlwch. She beat against the rocks’ very heavily, and after striking and os half an bour she parted her star- boara anchor, and she fell right foul close into the land, in four fathoms. The tide was ebbing about the last quarter at this time. It was as dark ax pitch; they could not see their hands before them. The boats were all in readiness, but they were in total ignorance as to what sort of a coast it was, and the sca was so rough that no boat could have lived five minutes in it. Under these circumstances the boats wore given up. ‘They made up a tar barrel, ready to set fire w, a4. toren, to send ashore, to light the coast and let them kuow what kind of a place it was; but the ship thumped 80 heavily, va danger was 60 imminent, that the idea was not car- ried out, About six o’clock—the dawn of light—they saw a man on the shore, to whom they called. He s-emed quite be- wildered at what he saw, and ran tw fetch assistance. He bags ng five or six men tothe shore. In the meantime the ship was rapidly giving way, and a Portugneso sailor, Joseph Rogerson, tied a Tope rong his waist and swam ashore. By this means a hawser wis run and fastened to the rocks, on which a boats wain’s chair was fastened, ‘80 that it could be hauled to aad trom the ship and shore. ‘The crew got into it one by one, and were hauled to land. They commenced landing parties in this way at halt-past six o’c.ock, and got about a dozen ashore when the ship suddenly parted in two, giving way amidsbips. The whole of the passengers had been kept below by the captain and officers’ couneel ; and on the verse! breaking up they were instantly swallowed up along with the iron and machmery. As soon as the ship struck, the masts were cut away, the fore-top going with the main-mast. He last saw the captain holding by the rigging ov deck, giving orders, with @ spar lashed to bim. The riggers ad recommended the cuttting away the masts at ten o’clock on Tuesday night, but it was not then done. The ship broke up at a quarter to geven, and not a vestige was leit above water. ‘The greatest order and discipline prevailed on board. ACCOUNT BY A PASSENGER—NAMES OF SOME OF HIS FELLOW TRAVELLERS. Mr. Gardner, one of the passengers who landed at Queenstown, has furnished from memory, the followin list of passengers on board the Reyal Charter. He lel Mrs. Gardner on board, and he has, full of fears, gone down to the gcene of the wrek. The following 1s the list of some of the sixty-three cabin paseengers, who are drowned, only three baving been saved, Messre, H, C. Taylor, W. H. Morse, and T. Grundy: Edwin Fowler, John Murray, Mra. Murray, Miss Mur- ray and three ébildren, Waiter Nugent, Messrs. Grovo, Molyneux and ‘Tweedie, br. Grundy, Mr.’and Mrs. Grove, Rev. Mr. Hodge, Mrs. Foster, Mra. Fenwick and children Mre. Hutton, Dr. Hatch, Mr. Pilcher, Mrs. Pilcher and two children, Mrs. Beams, Dr. Wright, Mr. Emery, Mr. 8. J. Henry, M. and Madame La Forgue, Mesera, fuffurd, Welsh, Mellor and Watson, the captain who lost bis ves” selon’ the Ferjee Islands, Mr. Woodruff, Mr. Jenkins, Mre, Jenkivs and four children, Mrs, Naghmar, (Consul’s wife) Mr. and Miss Fowler, Mr. and Mr Davies, two daughters and a son. Mr. Gardner describes the voyage as ono of the most delightful up to Queenstown. ‘The captain and officers converted all the passengers into a happy family. Tho cabip. passengers, a8 they approached the Irish coast, pro sented Captain Taylor #ith a heavy purse, to purcnase a testimonial; aud a similar complunent waa paid to the Rev. Mr. Hodge. The list we give of passengers is necessarlly imperfect, and a correct list need not be expected before the arrival of the next overiand mail. PROBABLE CAUSE OF THE WRECK—ATTENTION TO THE SURVIVORS. Witb regard to the precise cause of the wreck, it is clearly in the hurricane that prevailed at the time; but it is believed that if she had kept clearer of the coast, besn able to get.a pilot, had run into Holyhead, or had sooner cut away the masts, the fate might have been different. ‘These, {however, are matters of speculation, and opi- ions arefireely expressed on every sile With regard to the complete nature of the destruction, Commander McGregor, of the Coast Guard, said he had seen many wrecks, but'never one so complete before. Pieces of sheet iron, doubled up like tin, and fragmenta ofmachinery strew the beach. At low water some of the remnants of the engine room could be discerned, and an irreguiar mass of sheet iron, said to be the stern. About one hundred yards south of this was what might possibly be the bow. Captain Martin, the indefatigable manager of Mossrs. Gibbs, Bright & Co., proceeded to thescene early on Thurs day morning, information of the aisaster:having been tele- graphed by Commander McGregor, of the Coust Guard, to Capt. Mende, of H. M. 8. Hastings, on Weanesday afternoon, but Megers. Gibbs, Bright aad Co, bad no intimation until balf-past nine on Wednesday night. He gave orders for every care to be taken of the survivors, sick and wound- ed, and sentas many as could leavo on by one of the steam tugs, of the New Swam Tog Company, to Liverpool. On surveying the few vesuges of the wreck, ho was of opinion that the gold might possibly be recovered from the sufes by diving belle, though he admitted that the fact of a box which bad contaited gold, and which was ad- dressed, “To the Union Bank, London,” being picked up on shore,feemed to indicate that the safe, though of great strength, bad been smashed up with the other part of the veesel. On hearing of the disaster on Wednesday afternoon, Captain Mends immediately despatched a party of man- of-war’s men in the steamn tender to render every as- sistance in guarding the wreck, though a furious gaie was blowing at the time. The const guard, with a party of the Anglesea miiitia, from Beaumaris, were also at the scene, to prevent plunder, if such a disposition should be shown. To the credit of the Anglesea peasantry, most of whom could not onderstand English, the precautions were not required, and the survivors speak with nomeasurod gratitude of the hearty generosity manifested by the poo: ple. They saved many lives by grasping at men as they were thrown ashore, and for this purpose they had t> hold each other's hands; and next took them to their houses, put them into warm beds and gave them the best they could afford. ‘All Anglesea seems to have turned out to witness the scene. There was also a large sprinkjing of the bering gentry, many of whom manifested great in the welfare of the sufferers. SORROWFUL SCENE AT LIVERPOOL. On Wednesday evening the wile of Captain Taylor and his two daughters were on the North Landing stage in the hope of meeting him. Last evening, on the arrivul of the survivors in Liverpool, the outbursts of grief at not be- holding huebands or relatives were most heartrending. THE GOLD ON BOARD. She had on board 79,000 ounces of gold, which it is thought may be recovered by divers, and under this im- pression insurances have been effected in a fow casos at £35 per cent on salvage. The eveut has created the deepest sensation even in London. Ag to the amount of geld on board it was impossible to ascertain. The esti mates vary from £500,000 to £800,000. It is said that one of the saluon passengers, who is lost, had himself £10,000 on board. REVISED LIST OF THE PERSONS SAVED. The following is a list, as fur as can be ascortained, of those saved :— PasexcrRs.—W. H. Morse, Thomas Grundy, He Carew Taylor, Collin MePhiel, John Judge, M.’ Meaton, Sumuel Edward Gapper, James McKippin, William Bow! den, William Rosse!!, —— Bradbury, Samiloi Grenfoll, Carl Baria!, N. Hagan, M. Noone aud W.'J. Ferris. Skanxy.—Owen Williams, quartermaster; David Strong- man, 2d. do.; E. Williams,’ boatewain mato; G. °Suaicar, boutewain's mate; Wm. Foster, carpenter; John O'Brien’ Edward Wilson, Thomas Griffiths, Thomas Timbs, Williaa McArthur, Heury Evans, Geo. MeGirvan, Joseph Roger son, Wm. Draper, James White, — Pritchard, Patrick Do- vine, Thomas Cuiningham, Wm. Barton, Win. Hughes, apprentice; Thomas Cormick, Thomas Kilis, storekeeper Jobn Stanyard, xeward. LETTER FROM THE BOATSWAIN’S MATE TO HIS WIFE. MORLENA, Anglesea, Oct. 26, 1859 My Dear Wire:—1 have the’ most molaucholy news to send you. The ship was wrecked last night in a torrifie gule from the N.N.E. All hands lost except, to my judg- ment, about twenty-five, and, thank God, Tam one of the noigh- interost saved. Tbe captain and all the officers are lost. Tho car- penter and Tare the only two saved belonging to the otfi- cera’ department. Go to the oitive aud tell this, and ask thom if Captain Martin is coming down to us, for the carpenter and I won't leave ber until he either comes or sends us direc- ve been very hospitably received and ro- habitants of this village, and the coast 8 have provided us a place w lodge in eudil Messrs. Gibbs, Bright & Co. or Lioyd’s agent take ws away from this, Your alfs igband, GBORGE SUAICAR. LEITER FROM THE CARPENTER TO 11 Mosirns, Rap Wiror Bay, Oc My Dear Wier—1 an whout fh " only about twenty-five to thirty savad out of about font hundred souls. Doar wile, give my love to the children, and tell thom 1 shall be home almost as soon as the letter, Remember me to Mr, and Mra, Rodgers, and all inguir- fog friends. Tebalbtel you all about it why So no more at present from your alti eh . WILLIAM FOSTER, THE LATEST REPORTS FROM THE WRECK {Liverpool (Och 3) correspondence of Loudon Herat.) Mr. Wagetafl, ayotier geutleman who visited the wreak last evening, ba made astatecsent which tends t show that Captai » deeming it hazartous to make the ony Ot sueb & fearful sus, hove the vessel w, and What she drifted into Dulas Bay, “whore the anchors wore let go, but the serew kept. moving; in r toeasa the strain upon the cables. at two ay M 8 went upon the rocks. st It is understood that whén the'rigging was cut away to vase the versely it became éntangled with the screw, and the latter thus me Useless. ‘The bodies which bave so iar boen discovered are for the most Part dreadfully matiated. The rocks were strewn with money and vatuables be longing to #8. A bay contailing 100 sovereigns was picked up, and large quantities of loose sovereigns: also found, Dowtswain's mate, saved, brought away. £A00 with Lim. Mr, Smith, the Collector of Customs, was indefatigable ip preserving order and preventing plander a'ter the wreck, Itis confidently expected that the bal. fon will be recovered, [Frem the Liverpool Merenry, Oct. 28.) Many persons visited the scene of dhe wreck yesterday, and were making anxious inquiries as to the tule of rela. tives apd frienus. Fur tuis purpose every facility was aflorded. Some of the roenes arising out of these ingni tien amongst those deprived of their nearest relatives and friends were affecting iu the extreme. Suortly after the wreck, severu) of the bodies of the unfortunate sutferers by the calamity floated upon the beach; subsequently oth- ore were picked upjand the number amounted at a late bour last eve twenty six. Of these, live ware fe- males ano two of them young children. Tbe bodies wero conveyed to Llapalgo church, aid carefully laid out oa FAW, 80 a8 Lo afford Kn opportunity for identiGeation. Some bad on their clothmg, winle otbers were oaly partially dressed, as though when the vessel struck they bad been in their berths, and rushed suddenly to the deck ina state of alarm, on being made ac- quainted with the perilous position of the ili-tated fhip. Muny of the boties bore evidence of injuries, probably sustained from being dasbsd ugaiust the rocks, ‘or coming into violent contact with portions of the wreck. One mao bad nearly all his limbs broken, and the body bad, as it were, to be gathered up. Another was without the head, and several were much bruised on various parts of the body. The Rev. Mr. Hughes, the minister of the chureh, showed every alteution 10 thoee who desired to see the bodies for the purpoge of identification. That the utmost time shall be wed, the iaterments will be delayed ae long as possible. Some small books and papers were picked up yesterday ‘on the beach. One of the papers appeared to be a diary kept by a passenger on board, supposed to be a clergy- man, of Nottingham. Tve various incidents of the voy- age, from the time of leaving Melbourne until the ar- rival at Queenstown, were carefully recorded by the writer. * So far none of the passengers’ luggage or articles of a similar kind bave been washed on shore. A few articles of male and female attire have been collected, and these are taken care of by the officers of police and coastguard now on duty, The services of the Anglesea militia have also beep called into requisition , to assist in the protection of apy property received, aud also in the removal of the Dodics washed up on the shore. ‘The position of the vessel at the time of the catastrophe, and whether or not blame attaches to the captain or his officers, was subject of comment amongst many of those who visited the spot yesterday, At present it would be unfair to give currency to these remarks, seeing thut the matter will undergo a strict investigation at the coroner’s inquest. ‘Unity very few of the bodies recovered have yet been ideptified. A gentleman attended yesterday to make in- quiry as to his wife, whom he supposed to be on board the Royal Charter. The body of his beloved partuer was ot amongst those lying in the church, but on a closer in. vestigation his eye fell on the corpse 0¢ a faithful servant, who, be felt sure, would accompany bis wie on the yoy: age. This fact too truly told the mournful result, The Great Eastern in the Gale. SEVERE CONCUSSION TO THE LEVIATHAN—CAPTAIN HARKISON BLOWN DOWN AND INJCRED—8Hs PARTS HER ANCHOR AND DRIFTS TOWARDS SHORE—GENE- KAL DAMAGE TO THE SHIP. A despatch from London to Liverpool, dated on the 29th ult., just before the Asia eniled, says — The London Times correspondent on board the Great Eastern reports the effect of the gale. Capt. Harrison and the whole crew were at their posts ready to run the éhip out if necessary. Be two and three o'clock the wind almost equalled the force of @ hurricane, at times jerking at the masts as if it would spap them off at the deck, making the Great Eastern tremble preceptibly throughout her immense fevgth and breadth as it some giant hand were shaking er. Capt Harrison's water proot coat was blown to ribbons off bins, aud he bimeci? at last carried before the gale, aud blown cown and fumbled along with such violence as to receive some Severe COLTUSIONE. The saloon rkyhgbts were blown up, and wind and rain upper wood work was leak- ured into the saloow — T 1 Eer AL every, tea, abt Cis, lowek Hipckca: mtv ant spissbing from the drippings. ‘Unree anchors were down, and appeared taut to the very ulmort. At six the breakwater works were giving way—portions of the wreck once or twice fouling the screw, aud it was found necessary to awing by one anchor. At 10:30 A. M. it parted, and, the ship was adrift, rolling and tnmbling towards the shore. ‘A second beavy anchor was let go, and the screw moved ahead, but it again fouled. The paddies were then driven round at speed, and were somewhat damaged by the floating timbers. The ancbor held. Two scrow colliers, two brigs, two demmics and one galliot all hung to the ship. In this last struggle some of the links of the cable were actually dragged out one-third longer. THE CRISIS IN ITALY. Garibaldi as a General Liberator— His Proclamation to the People in Full—Feeling in Paris towards Eng- of che Jand’s Plan of Action—Mectin; Czar and Prince Regent of ‘What They Recommend for the Cen tral States—Spread of a Secret Armed Socety—Wreiched Condition of Affairs in Parma—What the Czar rhinks of the Loyalty of the Catholic Priests. (Paris (Oct. 26) correspondence of Loudon Times. The news from Italy is serious enough, for according to all human calculation we may reckon on a rising in Naples before long. At least, if there be not, it will not be the fault of the men who now seem to take the affairs of Ttaly into their own hands, and whose siucerity is uot called in question. GARIBALDI'S PROCLAMATION IN FULL. Garibaldi bas sent forth his summons to the Neapoli- tans, as you will see by the following “proclamatior which has just been receiv To Ovx Buotuens or Naries BROTHERS—We have combatted the Austrians; we have fought these insolent oppressors of Italy, and we have beaten them. We have seen them run like rabbits before our young soldiers; we ha:e seen them fly in terror, and beg their lives ot those whose brothers, pareats and friends they bad busely aa- sassinated. We have seen them fly like cowards before the sons of those whom they barbarously scourged or butchered at their pleasure; we have see: them fly, the vile miscreants, before the comrades of Ugo Bassi, Civeaghi, Cleeruacchlo, and ask their lives with @ baveness unmistakably austrian, and et of those who surrendered or were wounded the italiana iid not killa single one, Brotbers! we have fought as Italisns fight when they are united, and you were rot with us. In the ranks of the con- uerore there were Italians of all the provinces, but of Naples were few, ‘The shoutof victory was heard in every dia lect except yours, and yet—we know it—your hearts beat high in the cause of the country. You felt our daogers aud fat'g) and your beartsexulted st the announcement of our victor! ‘Yes ‘exulted in spite of the apontiaabie tyranny which cruahes and degrades you; it $elt iis overthrow by the victory of Ita- ‘You were not with usin the body. but your good will was there, we are certain; but this time, at leant, you will be with vain both. Yes, Providence has decreed die union and al liaxce of uur famtiy—of this poor Italian family. Foreigaera, doctrinatree and prieata labor in vair., In vain they seek to sow discord, to excite mistrust in the Fublio mid, U»' corrupt this hapless people, whom they have divided so otten, and fo often sold to the stranger. In vain our brochers of the south hare clasped the hands of our brothers of tbe cenire and of tho norib; ‘be sons of the Prociias, the Masanielios, the Pepes, have grasped the victorious right hand of the soldiers of Palea: tro ard San Martino, Ruwant, Oct , 1889. GARABALDL ‘The letter containing the foregoing adds:— General Dabvormida, Minister of Foreign Affairs, arrived esterday morning from Waris. He waa followed by = jespatch announcing the articles of the treaty of Zurich between France and Austria [rust not passin silence tbe painful impression produced here by the cituse which epecifies thet the religious establishments of Lombardy deciared incompatible with the laws of sardinia will have the right to dispose freely of al. their property. Thisis too decided BNervention in the clvil admluisirauion ce a free countcgs we were prepared for many other thiure, desire that the Ci ‘ongress charged with vettliyg our affairs sbould meet, and take a8 its basis what i# possible and what is just, If it De desirable to destroy the revolutionary @.ement of Italy, allthat remains is to sausty the wishea of the populations which have been expressed with wuch moderation and legulity. The Ministers met in connell imi ely on General Dabor- mida’s arrival, ard the sitting iasted ® good part of the day, and was to be Fesumed io might. In the meantime the Engiish government is. getting into bad odor. The feeling is excited by the semi-official press of Paris, and it is said, not merely m salons, but in public places, that England is merely laying a trap for France, and that the imperial goveruinent must do its best to balk it. The truth is, that this government i in an extremely difficult position just now with the Italian quostion, and of course it vents its ill humor on its next neighbor. MERTING OF THE CZAR AND THE PRINCE REGENT OF RUSSIA. A letter from Breslau, of the 25th of October, contains rome particulars of the meeting between the Emperor of Russia and the Prince Regent of Prussia:— The day before yceterday his Majesty the Emperor of Russia, his royal highness the Prince Regent, and tho other august personages, were received in the thoatre with the Russian national Lymn, and greotod loudly bat respectfully by the people, The parade two-day was at tended by fine woather, and aa soon as the troops wore dismissed the august personages in question took sone drives and paid several vets. “The greatest order pre vailed during the iiamination of Inst might When the special train was signalled at Oblan, on the 231, the Prince Regent advaneed wo tie plattorm, having with bim the other princes of his house. Among the latter was Prince Albrecht, who had only arrived the previous morning by an exprese train at Breslau, and then hastened on to join his brother. The great ing between the Emperor and the Rogen wag peatodly embraced, and then pro- of the guard of honor, which ted arms, while the band struck up the ‘Russian 1 hymn, The Prussian and tae otuer princes | ‘Alter this the august personages retired mu a private room, but shortly re-appeared, when it was } perceived that the Emperor wore the uniform of a Progsan geveral, aud the Prince Regent, with his son Vrince Frederick William, that of a [akian general, Breakfast was prepared for the royal party in one room, and for the suit m anothe At ulne o'clock the train started again, the guard of bovor presenting arms as. before, amningt the acclamations of the numsrous «poe tators and the music of the Rossian byma, ‘his morning (the 25th), the Emperor left Brestan on his return to Warsaw, and the Prince Regent started at half-past eight for Sagan, on a visit tothe D: 3 of Sugen, He will leave at etx P. M., for Berlin. The inter- view is declared to have been of the most satisfactory A compigte and formal understanding has dat upon varivus viticuites to European politics, and the consequences of this agreement will soon, be apparent. {From the Liverpool Times, Oot. 29.) A telegraphic despatch last night assures we that the meeting of the Russiau and Prussian rulers has produced up vnderstanding of a highly important clyaract They are beth willing, it is alleyed, that Central ‘italy should be united to Piedmont, sud if this be-so, the forthcoming Caugress, in which England will now take a part, can do Jittle more than ratify the decision. France, it is evident, from her previous deciarations, will not b2 opposed to aw alliance which is 80 ly sought for by people most interested in the question, so that Austria, assuming he truth of thes vers.on, will be isolated in her Malian policy JSrim the four cher great Mowers Th stawment may }rove bitte more thay a conjecture, but in the present po- sition of Europe, and more tmmediately of Italy and beariyg ww mind the relative altitude of the great Powers, We are induced to belteve in its truth. A Paris correepondent cf the London Times says that the recent meeting at Breslan between the Emperor of sia apd the Prince Regent of Prussia was a subject of y iv Paris. The general impression was that greed Dot 10 oppose the annexation of Central :—The object of the meeting was to Settle, with a view to a Congress, the basis of an under- standing between, England, Russie and Prussia. Another semi-oflicial journal repudiates tbe idea that the three Powers are united m any large design; but, in other quarters, it was alleged that the understanding between them was of the most comprehensive nature. A GENERAL SOCIETY OF LIBERATORS WiTH GARIBALDI AT ITB HEAD. [Milan (Oct. 22) correspondence of London Times.) Maly can only rely ov herself and her exertions; she mutt, therefore, exert herself. One of the first signs in this respect is the revival of the Societa Naziopale Itahiana, under the honorary Presidency of Garibaldi, in the piace of Conte Pallavicini, returned from Spielberg. GARIBALDI'S LETTER TO LA FARINA. ‘The gallant General audresees the following letter to La Fara, who takes his place as Vice President:— My Dean La Faxina:—I have beard with great pleasure of your noble resolution to revive the Societa Nuziouale I ‘which has done so much good fr the cause of our country un: der your auspices and thse of the tilustr.ous veteran of Spiel- 1 certainly reyret not to see the dear #nd honored name elni at the head of the society, but if for any mo ust respect he caunot ussume this charge 1do ‘so whhpgly and gratetully. Greece hus acquired ber irdependence with ten yearsof suf. America ‘a fourteen years. Thowe valorous njoyed the ussistacce of the civilized nations of En- ell deserved by tbis consiancy; we hare been engaged few montbe in our war of redemption; we have the same sympaiby and help from all Europe; we will have the seme covstancy Ag long as there remains & foot of our soil to be redeemed we will not lay aown our arma. G@ GARIBALDI, At the same time the Vice President, La Farina, pub- lishes the programme of the society, which had aiways, as is well known, the motto—‘Independence, Union, and the House of Savoy.” Iv is now no secret that it was this society which, before the war, carried on the movement all over Italy; it was through’ its agency that everything was prepared, the news spread, instead of police aud spies, the volunteers provided with means and gent off, and_ the sign given for rising in Upper as well as in Central Italy. Had it not been for the activity of this society the mountainons dis- tricts of Lombardy would not_bave been reaiy to co-ope- rate at Garibaldi’s arrival, nor would the movement in Central Italy have been so complete and successful. The programme says that there is still the confidence that the wishes of Itily, expressed with so much order, cuimuess aud unanimity, wal be sanctioued by Europe, but it calls the Italians to work. ‘AS 18 aim the gocie:y puts forward to teach the pro- vinces which are already free to persevere, and those which are still subject not to despair; to destroy the guilty hopes of those who expect to see in this state of trausition the admirable unanimity hitherto existing broken; to watch that the good sense of the people should not be ae- duced by the perfidies of obstinate enemies or the follies of friends; to give courage to the timid, to rouse up the indolent, to bridio the incautious,to awake more and mnore in the minds of the multitude the conscience of they own rights, confidence iv their own forces, und the sentiment of their own dignity, and to push them to those t sa critices of gold and blood, to those great acts of patrio- tin and abnegation, without which the redemption of Italy can never be accomplished. ‘The real practical part of this programme is now the encouraging of volunteers (rom aljparts of Italy, and their conceptration in Cental Italy under the names of Fanti and Garibaldi. In every own there are the local com- miltees forming which befure the war amounted to ninety- four, and spread their net all over Italy. It is almost in- credible that Austria and all her albes could not prevent such an extensive society from existing, and, with few exceptions, never could find out fig traces. Thousands of volutteers were sent off, the poorer having the means for this purpose provided for them. The country is kept au courant of everything which passes. GENERAL DEMORALIZATION IN PARMA. (Bologna (Oct. 18) correspondence of the London Tithes.] Tleft Parma this morning, unable any longer to bear the distressing sight that town presents w all sincere lovers ofthe Italian cause. I had alreasy prepared you to lay no great streas on the probable results of the mea- sures somewhat pompously announced by the Dictator Farina. Events proved but too satistactorily the correct- Legs of my anticipation. Atthe moment I left the forty-eight hours allowed by the dictatorial deerees for the delivery of arms of every description bad expired, and a full-dress swords be- lopging to civil officers, and about forty or fifty rusty muskets, were all that were sent to the iotendenza or Go- vernment House. There are at least 5,000 muskets hid- cen in Pa) ma among the lower classes, into whose hands such weapons came at the time the citadel was broken into and plundered, on the first outbreak of the revolu- tiouary movement of May last. Daggers and stilettos the worst rabble have by thousands, most of them done by pattern and the same make, and in certain quarters of the town there is hot a lad 14 or 15 years old who may not be seen strutting about armed with such mischievous plements. Iwas told by Farini himself that the dis- armament would be carried no further, and for what con- ‘ned it the Dictator’s measure only went the length of accustoming the people to look upon the most high sound- ing decreee of the government as mere waste paper. The arrests, when I left Parma, did not exceed fifteen or six- teen. Rome of the prisoners had been already set at lib- erty; against the others I was told no witness was forth- comipg—none could be pressed forward by any means in the power of the government. The dismissal, or rather destitution, of the Procuratore Geverale and Giudice Is- truttore fare the only measures likely to signalizo the few days consequent upon Auviti’s murder. I hear also that Major Burazzi, the man in command of the gen- darmes at the Dragoon Barracks, on the 5th last, has been Gegraded by the Sardinian government. He was imme- diate.y recalled to Turin, where, it is sail, King Victor Emanuel received him with chilling severity, simply re- marking ‘‘that he thought he had perished in the encoun- porting] the Parmesan mob, but he now saw he was mis- en. The blame which falls on Major Burazzi is equally shared by every one who deemed himsvif entitled to the name of man in Parma. During the deed, and after- wards, the pueillanimity of all the civil and military func- tionaries, aud of the citizens of the better classes, frus- trated the intentions of the Dictator Farini, and brought all his contemplaved measures for the restoration or vin- dication of order to nothing. The town of Parma is in a hopeless state of demoralization. I vever saw such impu- dent, arrogant bearing on the part of the lower people; never heard euch lame attempts to compromise with truth and justice among the upper orders. REACTIONARY MOVEMENT IN THE ROMAGNA. [Flori (Oct. 19) correspondence of the Londen Times. } ‘This morning a rumor was suddenly spread in the town that the Swiss intended to attack the Legation in the course ofthe day. Isoon made some inquiries in well-informed quarters, and I bave been told thatsome persons had re- ally brought this news whilst Garabaldi was here, last night, but up to this moment nothing of tho kidd has oc- curred at La Cattolica. Garabaldi started for Rimini im- mediately with a part of bis staff, in order to give the ne- cessary Orders. 1 think, however, that the Swiss will not stir from their position, tor they know that they would get the worst of it. The combined forces of Generals Mezza- capo and Roselli already number 12,000 good fighting men with twenty field pieces of artillery and two squadrons of light cavalry. The morale of these troope, Ihave been told, cannot be better, The reactionary party which has been organized by seme fanatic priests is busy at work, both in the towns and in the country, The day before yesterday four priests were arrested at Coriano Morciano, a small mountain village of this province. They were secretly conspiring against the government of Bologna, bei under the impression that a new and general vote wou! be ordered by the European Con; in the Legation. ‘They had alreavy formed a skiiful plan, which, if carried out with success, Would, in their opinion, have josured here the triumph of the Papal government, Of course the confessional and excommunication were the means they Would now have regorted to, had not the vigilance of the authorities frustrated their plans. The priests were sout to Bologna under a 8 ifo escort of Carabiulert, a proceeding which will, no doubt, have the effect of cooling the ardor of their not numerous adherents, To say the truth, it is not this powerless party which gives most trouble to the hberal government of the There we in the Romagnas, and especially at , the remains of those secret eocivties which, driven to despair by papal logates and cardinals, songht to revenge numberless wrongs by their merciless daggers. Their members, who happil; are not numerous, think the present government too moderate, and are continnal cause of alarin to the pa- triots of this country. I bave been told that some of th chiefs of these associations were arrested on Friday night at Cesena, so that the danger Las been, at least for the present, removed by tho onergetio monsures adopted by the Intendente of this provines. OPINION OF THE CZAR ON THE LOYALTY OF THE CATHOLIC CLERGY. The Invqlidy Ruse oumains the following redections op j itin has donc it. Those who formerly and utopias are welcome still dence and practical ger France hes not done tations, any more than their preceding criticisms, wil? uot be able to shake our confidence, or to causo tho polivy of the Emperor to deviate. Bee.”? It was thus the pamphlet concluded. That con- clusion characterized perfectly the Italian licy. Kis because the Emperor has foreseen vary thing hat he ought to exact on tho juterests of Italy that he hasbeen the agitation produced in France by some high members Of ibe Ga'helan church ; Roman Catholic clergy cannot have any native land. They belong altogether to the Pope, even’ as tem- yoral sovereign, although bis sentinents aud policy should be contrary und hostile to the Catholic power under which th jive. By the law of celibacy they have neither family por children; aud patriotism dees not exist for them, The Pope is irritated against the King of Sardinia, and excommunfeates him. All the clergy of the kingdom born and brovght up in Piedmont, and having Pied- MoLtere parents, ovght to repudiate all fidelity and all de- voteaness 10 heir parents, to their country, to the throne avd tothe sovereign, The Popes are wrong in found- ing their power on any pre-eminence of the Apostle Veter, ag ha never had avy temporal power or terri. terial property at Rome. Tue German Emperors en- doweu the Popes with some towns, but i; was a feudal gilt in gn of the vassalage of the Pontifis with regard to the sopreme temporal authority. It was Hildebrand who first proclaimed that the spiritual eathority could not be subjected to the temporal power, and who put on the tiple crown, But that deeiaration showed the pride of that Ponti, and not the truth of his words, which simply siguitied that the successors of St. Petor had forgotten the recommendation of Christ, “Render unto Cxesar the things which are Cesar’s, and unto God the things which ae God's,” that is to gay, serve God in epirit, but as citi- ws ave sone of your country, and submit yourselves to the author.ty which God bas established.” The French Disheps now defend the temporal power of the Pope, and excite & spirit of insubordination among all the French clergy and their flocks. ‘Yo what will this lead? To dis- rersions, to hatred and to measures of repression? > Is this, we usk, the object of Christian faith, and of its Divine instruction, which wacbes love and peace? VINDICATION OF THE EMPEROR'S ITALIAN POLICY. {Translated for the Nxw York Heratp from the Paris Con- iho tuepartal poloy varied in tht Tatiaa question? Has the im val Ts it true, as certain Bogiicn journals say, that this policy has ditavowed its programme; er having laid down the principles of Italian independence it has te- coiled before their application? This queation will be an- swered by recaling the facts. We limit ourselves, there- fore, to two documents which completely resume the facts and which, placed at the two extreme points of this phuee of the question of Italy, are, so to speak, the ‘pre- mises and reform deductions. ‘We refer to the pampblet ‘Napoleon the Third and Italy,” which appeared in the month of January last, and tothe note published by the Afoniteur on the 8th of September. ‘The absolute accordance oe the two Seon. ments will prove that from the beginning the imperial policy had morked out the Sect whieh its laid energy knew well how to attain, and which its bad no desire to overstep. The celebrated down with clearness and loyalty the question of Maly, and did not hesitate to’ recognise that a singlo question embraced the greatest pohtical and religious ioterests of Europe. It pointed out the fatal causes of discolution which at that time threatened the peninsula. Itshowed at Rome the temporal power of the papacy, seriously compromised by “antagonism between eccle- siastical government and the interests of civil society,” Milan, ‘‘ineurrections subdued, sometimes vanquish- but’never discouraged; at Turin the “ statu breaking out at one time in civil war and schism? at Naples, at Florence, at Parma and Modena the ba} of Austria standing between the princes and their peo- pies, imposing ou some the humiliation of such a protec- torate, and on others the maintenance of imy ‘ible go- vernment. It was uot enough to point out evile—it Was also necessary to indica the remedy. The pam- phiet did so in a few pages of great authority. At Rome it counselled the secu'arization of tho adminis- tration and rendering the Pope independent of questions of nationality, and of “ thus concilia'ing the regime of the church with the regular, political and legal régime.” At Turin it wished to disengage Sardinia of its internal and external embarrassments, and to make of its army the head of the federal Italian army. At Naples it required that the King, “condemned to reign under the protectorate of Austria should receive his independence.” At Florence, at Parma, and at Modena, it desired that the Dukes, be- come again Italian princes, should be reconciled with their people, because on the union of the princes and the people depends the eafety ot the common country. Io fine, as a future reorganization, it proposed to reunite all the States of the peninsula by the bonds of a federal union, the precedent of which it also pointed out. It was pot abso ute unity which it recommended in Italy—it was f-derative union. That idea of union present itself to itas the expression of a necessity, common to all the Italian States. Such a solution appeared to be indicated at the same time, as well by the historical genius of Italy, and by the traditions of French policy ,as by the precedents of British diplomacy. Had uot Lord Ponsonby declared once: “That the prime means of remedying the dangers of the situation of the pevinsula was for Austria to declare that she wished to contribute by her whole power to the for- mation of the Italien Confederation, on the most national buses, on condition that that Confederacy should recog- nise its strict and permanent ueutrality, and that Europe, on ber side, should sanction that neutrality, as it bad done for Switzerland in 1815.’” A single obstacte could slone refard that solution; that was the ertuation of Austria in Lombardy. Such was the pamphlet which, from the moment of its appearance, made eo much noise in the world. Every one knows what discussion it created in Europe, and ‘arly in England. The statesmen of that tured to see its practicability. They eaw in it onl dream, @ dangerous utopia; and yet six months did elapse until the dream assumed a body, until the became a reality. What occurred in six coomtha? Avstria, deaf to all councils, and Europe, too long indiffer- ent, had allowed the hour of a decisive crisis to be’ pre- cipitated, War had broken out, and vi had followed at race horre speed the justest and most logical of causes. the only obstacle pointsd out by the im- 38 Es After Solferits rerial pamphlet existed no longer. The situation of Aus- Iria ip Lombar'y was no longer @ menace. The end was, therefore, viriviily attained—to go further was to over. step it. Doubtless it nay bave caused the gonerosity of the con- Queror a good deal not to respond w all the ho} that hea been proveked by the very fact of war andthe proc- lamations which necesearily had preceded it. We might, perhaps, say where lay the responsibility. of thot relative deception, but it is not our object to-day to indulge in useless recriminutions. Doubtless it cost the Emperor Napoleon « good deal not to extend his conquests even to that Venice which stretched her arms towards him. But after having stipulated for her advantages al- Most unexpected, should he have sought new results at the riek of compromising those he had already acquired? ‘The Emperor aid nottbiuk so. In those grave circum- stances he thought, on the contrary, that it would be-ad- vavtageous first for France, then for Italy, to conclude peace, provided that the conditions were conformable to the programme which he had imposed upon himself and were useful to the cause he meant to serve. The Empe- ror knew that it was imprudent to force fortune—that in war, as in policy, the capital point is to stop in time, and that the heads of empires, in the interests of the causes which they defend and which they represent, ought to foliow the path which they have traced out, without ever allowing themselves to be drawn from it. He therefore stopped, and showed that his mo- deration was equal to his strength. The speech at St. Cloud had been a last and solemn evidenge of sympathy and regret in favor of Venice, and the note of the Montfeur of the 8th September was the political manifesto, the reasoned explanation of the pre- limiparies of Villafranca, just as the pamphlet had been the preface and the exposé of the question of Italy. This note showed that the programme of French pol was fulfilled in all that concerned the connection of Austria with Italy; that henceforth the Peninsula was the arbiter of its own destinies. The “firat queetion had been, whether Austria would yield by treaty the conquered te! 3 the second, whether she would freely abandon the supremacy she had acquired in the whole of the Peninst and whether she would recognise the ciple of an Italian nationality in admitting the federal system.” Still, the Emperor Francis Joseph had renounced the of Lombardy, and had adhered, without obstinacy, to- the principles of Italian nationality. Besides, ho had admitted the federal union, with the Presidency of the Pope, and bad recognized, as well a8 France, the necessity of Prompt reforms in the Roman States. Piedmont, en- larged by afine and rich province, free from external pre-occupation, found herself at length her own mis- tress internally, and she could be thenceforth the impregnable rampart of the Peninsula. Naples Was invited to enter into the future confederacy. At Florence, at Parma, at Modena, the A restored, pred tion; that they should offer seri y armed inleren + fer serious guarantees, ebould, in a word, reallge that Uaion of the people with prt Serta necessary to the prosperity of the country ‘The imperial idea had asked nothing further for Italy. Franch Jo ayers the Archdukes, return for the restoration: by is ancient alte, concented fo athe with taste” tions of a nature to restore to her her real character as an Ttatian ince. Austria was therefore no langer to the Peninsuia that bostile and formidable Power which op- posed all national aspirations, from Parma to Rome and from Florence to Naples; but on the contrary she became a friendly Power, since she consented willingly to be no longer a German Power on this side of the Alps, and to develope hereelf an Italian nationality to of the Adriatic. ‘Thus we find resolved the Italian question in the exact. sense that bad been assigned to it from the beginning. ‘The revolutionary element was swept away, with ite dan- gers, and the violence of its Passions, and the national clement triumphed, raising up t instead of menac- ing them. what moro? The treaty of Zurich, a few days since, is only the consecration of that high and glorious thought. To-day, asin the month of Jani » European diplomacy is called to determine definitely the great and. memorable question of Italy, with this rplexities which wore 80 it attributed Enpland. Tt has known wi it meant to do, and its pra- ius. Those who have ‘done ing and meant to do ch ig free to complain that Their present exci- wo it “To govern is_ to fore- able to direct events, instead of letting ovents lead him on. His foresight, which was taxed as andacity some months ago, has been justitied by these renee And ja Uehong to-day wg ardor of due whe thou Beh Dak,