The New York Herald Newspaper, September 20, 1859, Page 2

2 ne ADDITIONAL FROM EV,ROPE. (AAAKAAAARAAAAAIAS "DRAW AL OF THE PERSIA “ND KANGAROO, aectaent to the Machinery of the Persia, ‘ThelGreat Eavtern and Her Capabilities as The Leviathan to Come to New York from Portland. Bofluenee of Her Trip on the Trade of the Erie Canal and Central Railroad. AGITAZION FOR POLITICAL REFORM IN GERMANY Whe Christian Brast Waturalization Oase in Hanover. Manever Still Maintains her Right of Arrest. ®@ur London, Paris, Brussels, Berlin and Swiss Correspondence, FASHIONS FOR SEPTEMBER, he., &e., &e. ‘The Cunard steamship Persia, Captain Judkins, which eft Liverpool about one o’clock P.M. on the 8d instant ‘Saturday, arrived here at three o'clock yesterday morn- ng. ‘The screw steamship Kangaroo, Captain Jetircy, from Biverpoo) the 3ist of August, Queenstown, Ireland, Sept. 3, and Halifax, Friday, 16th inst., algo arrived bere yes- terday. ‘The Persia broke the crank pin of her port engine at ten @ clock P. M. on the 5th, and laid to until the 7th, at 945 ¥. M., under canvass. This, combined with the stormy ‘weatber, caused her delay. MEETING OF THE PRRSIA’S PASSENGERS. Ae the Persia was approaching the end of ber v ‘® weeting of the passengers was held in the large aal em Saturday afternoon last, to give expression to a gene- valsentiment of thankfulness to the officers and crew age, loon, fer their conduct during the exciting scenes of the “Fhe meciing was called to order by W. P. Wright, Esq., ‘ef New York, upon whose motion George A. Trenholm, ‘Moq., of South Carolina was called to the chair, and Ben: F. Babcock, Eaq., of Liverpool, was ‘appointed y. After some app ‘inte remarks by the Chairman, Wn- -, of —. bi he had been equested to prepare some resolutions for the considera- tion of the meeting, which he submitted as follows :— ‘Whereas, It has pleased Almighty God, in his infinite good- ircumstances of ‘and much danger, and to conduct usin safety thug far ty of the discipline of maam E. Rosixson, ‘wees and mercy, to rescue us from and whereas, under God @neur voyage: iw emphatically due to the courage, skill and ehip pI n rage, ie nd crew; therefor aif. rs ved, That the akil!, coolness and decision manifested by Charles F. H. Judking, during the time nece: ihe damage resulting from the accident of the ‘Bod bis uniform kindness and courtesy througho ly Uectedand tempestuous yoyage now s0 happi bare won’ our admiration red chee, and secu @uring tore- int., mit the pro- coming toa for him our en- ‘and esteem. That the conduct of the officers and crew under Capt. Judkios, during the voyage, was distinguished by every istic cali Peaces ic culated to inspire our respect and coni (the skill, energy and promptitude:. eer William Caldwell aud Tis asei eficiently repairing the engine, under circum- onfidence, stants ts oo wy Cie! Soe great difficulty, merit the warmest expression of our ration and thanks. ax ved, That the sieamahip Pe the severe ordeal to whic! Ber, faa Resolved. That copies of eilcers and Chief Engineer Caldwell. After some remarks by several gentlemen, the resolu- ions were unanimously adopted. Mr. Wnicnr stated that a sum-of money, amounting to 9600 had been collected among the passengers to be ex- pended in some slight testimonials to the persons to whose @onduct the safety of the passengers was due. Ht was resolved that a committee of four be appointed Bey the chairman to take charge of the moncy already wollected, and such as might be added to it, and dis- Aribute it in such amanner a8 might appear most appro- priate. ‘The Ghairman appointed the following Committee:— William E. Robinson of New York, Blanton Duncan of which 80 nobly this’ passage has subj proved herself in all respects most efficient, and ag worthy of her officers as her officers are worthy of her » resolutions, signed by the ‘Seer of this mee ing, be presented to Captain Judkins, bis i Kentucky, Barney Williams of New York, and Leonidas 1. Johnson of Kentucky. The Gommittee, it is understood, intend to present some appropriate testimonial to the captain, chief engineer and ether officers, and to place in the hands of Mr. Wallace, purrer of the Persia, half a sovereign for cach of we crew and firemen, who number upwards of a hundred or more, if the fund will allow, to be paid at the end of the ‘veyage at Liverpool, as extra wages for their faithful ser- vice on the night of ce accident. A gentleman who came as a passenger in the Persia de- ‘Bcribes the storm in which she was dis#bled as most ter- vific. Her-crank pin was broken Monday evening, about ten o'clock. She lay too until next afternoon, in hopes he storm would abate, so she could repair; but, finding fo improvement in the weather, it was decided to put back for Cork. After preceeding in that direction about ‘@ bundred miles, the weather moderated, and the break- ‘age was repaired, when the eteamer-was put about again. ‘When reaching again the-same latitude in which the dis- ster occurred she encountered another storm more ter- rific than the first, but ploughed her way through it unin- jored, excepting the crushing of one of her wheelhouses. ‘The Persia hae the heaviest freight she has ever brought. At a meeting of the Mersey Dock Board in Liverpool, ‘Mr. Maclver stated that as soon as the result of the Great Bastorn’s trial arjp was. known the Cunard Company in- fended, if that dria) was succossful,to order the con- Struction of a weseel for their service of great size. ‘also stated that they were now building cight large steam = @78, including one paddle wheel vessel, larger than the Ap Persia. ‘The Faris correspendent of the London Times, writing on @ Ye Sletof August, apeaks thus of the Zurich conference— 4s, The Dachiee are, of .course, a great difficulty, and there ap, are 0 possibility: of a settlement. The Emperors are ced ae to the propwety, or rather the necessity, of re- stor 0g the two Dukes..but diverge on the means of setting it, Austria world not, perhaps, object to force. Franc, > Will only employ moral guasion, which does not to baye made much progress, while Piedmont is still rem 1¥, We are told.-to necept theannexation eponta- neously ¢ Mrred. Now, the case is this-—If Piedmont an- nex, will, A\vstria recommence the war? and if Austria re- ommence 8 the war will France once more fy to the reliof abaxi * ‘appear ofan old a lly?” ‘The Const ite tiomel of September 2 has a long article on ‘the slave ica de, in which owr#French contemporary states ‘that the reve. 'at lone made on that subject by the Haraw— the most reat. of the New York journale—will undoubtedly ‘@reate more g@nd more excitement as the next Presi- @ential election , in November 2860, approaches. The Constitulionnel tt wks that the number of Africans said to have been imper ted hse been greatly exaggerated, and States officials may have bean Brilty of neglect in the watch of the coast, they cannot be that, although 14 * mocneed of complich ty With the tradesz. Oar London Correspondence, 3 Loxpes, Sept. 1, 1859, The Great Eastern Cen plete and her Engines in Notsless Motien—She will Wisit New York—Buay Some on Board—Chances of @ Fire—Doubts as t her Final Success as a Carrier gf Merchandise—No “sa War Vescl—Insurane ~Rumor of the Diswlu- tion of sie Firm of Georn% Peabody & Company— Domestic Tragedie—Oharles Dickens: His Financial, Literary, Home and Foreign Trowks—How He Sands With His P'nblishers and Reade.’ ‘The leading ecunmercial topic is the trial of the Great astern, on the mXchanical sucoes# of which will depend ‘he commercial preapects of the @Xterprise, ®een the engines id motion, and \ aothing can be Srecr from jar, noise and every apparance of im- perfect mechanism, The ponderous cévillating eylia- era move like the mechaniem ef a watch, abd, M poything, in a more noiseless manner, YVhile held He Ts as T have faut to chain cables attached to ten of Trotman’s sanchors tbe powerful tide of water, set in motion hy the ‘Peddie wheels, drifis everything in the shape of Amall *praft tha! comce within the currost far astern of the c'n- ‘moving monster. The sound of hammering, weldingiron plat’, driving nails and other innumerable works on -board, make you think of a vast workshop, to whieh the Suilding of Noab’s ark bears no comparison. With their Sitle forges, fires, bellows and melting pote—with carpen- Sere’ shavings, new wood work, pitch, tar and fresh point—it would be avery easy thing to set the monster on He; wad send ber to Mrsiguction we ype in favor of the princes? restoration aré’ decidédly intéroet- ‘ing 48 coming from such a source, for they woukt apply ‘with oqual truth to the restoration of the Bourbon princes to the throne of France. ‘ The restoration,” it says, ‘of these would cut short corepiontion coffer to perity. Their presence satisfy all re qurcments, abd prevent the discords of conjlicting par- eC. ‘The semi-official pepeais once more that the am- nesty in-co complete thas it looks upon &)} offences as if they had never been, and that, the: case of those, their pre backslidings typhoon or a torte in the Indian peas. “Depend upon it, the birth and career of this lusty infant is a great event in the commercial history of the day. Some four thousand sharebolders are claiming the parentage Have launched on life’s stormy #08, And rigged her fore and aft, ‘The whole nation stands as godfathers and godmothers, ‘and the great iron-sided amphibious nondescript is tooked on with interest, not unmixed with envy, by the owners of all smaller descriptions of craft. Ido net think there is reason to fear that all skiffs, yawls, yachts, wherries, freer ir} : can hever- or re| tuced caiques, canoes, lumber rafts, “at beats, sloops, schooners Hoe cess ine eeooreal produ and other modest and moderate sailing and floating things, will be driven from all we,ters, deep and shallow, on the face of the earth. If1 were to express a profound and sage opinion, founded upon deep thought, wide observation and great research, J would hazard the re- mark that the Great Eastern, and all of the like descrip- tion that may fo}.ow her, will not be found as well adapted to the chasing of ‘whaies in the Northern Sea, carrying cotton down the Mississippi, sending lumber from Thun- der Bay to Newfoundland, or taking coal from Mauch Chunk to Philadelphia, as some other descriptions of floating craft. One thing is certain, she will never an- swer for a war ship, She would present go large a mark as to make her a certain target for the longest distances, while the thmness of the iron sides—only seven- eighths of an inch—is such that a four or six pound ity of giving publicity to Blanc’s letter addressed to the Lopdon Trimes, cot Victor Hugo's, and likewise to one from Prudhon, who being un- der the ban of the church, does not participate in the am- nesty. The Moniteur continues to publish the various addresses of congratulation sent to the Emperor from all the depart. ments. Perhaps, in @ government so constituted, it is ne- cessary that the vulgar should be saturated with this ful- some matter, but it 18 nevertheless a standing evidence of the slavishness of the masses, When it is known that all such documents are simply the composition of officials whose very bread depends br the Emperor, and when it is recollected how a change of circumstances would instantancously produce addreeses as virulently abusive a8 now they are oppres- sively fulsome, it is imporsible to help thinking that the majesty of the Moniteur might well dispense with such repeated self-glorification. ere is, most decidedly, an earnest desire to allay as much as possible the irritation that has so long been pre- Wily between the people or governments of France shot would pierce the whole ship through and through, hn Coyory RA Desck ¢ ee fmt (te ne ? ' i e urly set forth; Qu cours m waking and an ordinary shell would blow her into a hundred theta fen ietaees ea natane view fore, with refrains al tories; the word ‘Waterloo, whenever heard, is sure to bring down interference on the part of the police, and M. de Morny discourses about a millenium of peaceful rivalry that flings in the shade the proscriptive fiction of the lion and the lamb. A little brochure of M. Felix Ger- main, editor of the Bulletin de Paris, in which he uses these words, is much pushed by the government. It is remarkable that his publication ‘Auron-nous la Guerre” before the Italian war, was prohibited by the authorities. The title of this is ‘‘Le Congres, est-ce la Vraic Paiz.”” If my voice, he says, could be beard, I would say hum bly to the people that the Franco-English alliance is the safeguard of the universal repose and prosperity of the world. I would add that the two nations have an equal interest in supporting one another, as one sustains one’s gelf ina marriage of inclination after a menage of forty- four years. Let us avoid misunderstandings, coolness or unjust wrath; let us endeavor to now work together and not to renew for the benefit of Russia du Czarisone Slaon, the insensate tragedy which Athens and Lacedemon for- merly played for the benefit of Philippe and Alexander. Together, these two cities could have prevented the Mace- donians from overthrowing their Hierons, breaking the Ftatues of their great men,and insulting their glories—di- vided, they were enslaved, ruined forever; civilization fled their ‘devastated soil, blighted by the presence of con- querors, who, like the Russians, represented no principle, no ideas, no progress, nothing but invading force, nothing Dut the triumph of brutal victory. i, 1 would go so far even as to affirm that the increase of exchanges would be favored in a manner advantageous to every one, and that the multiplicity of international rela- tions, of industrial intercourse, would maintain peace be- tween France and England, ‘as it maintains it between John Bull, sd often enraged, and Brother Jonathan, aux allures de rastri, which last ‘phrase I suppose must be translated ‘‘so often boorish.”” But let us return to the great subject of the day—the Italian question. The returns of the bonding operations in certain ports, as Leghorn, Genoa, and others, show with what reason Austria clung to thé agricultural regiqn of Lombardo-Venetia. The average trade may be fairly estimated at almost a third of the total commerce of the Austrian empire. Its produce of silk alone represeuts a capital of 180,000,000 francs, a ital when manufactured at Lyons, St. Ftienne, Zurich, Eberfeld and Birmingham, becomes worth 2,000,600,000 kilogrammes—each kilogram me being over £2 of manufactured silk. The increase during the last twelve years has been considerable:— thousand indistinguishable fragments. If there is any country that has a harbor large enough for her to enter, and that requires an immense cargo of goods at such pe- riods of time as she can make the trips, instead of more frequent and smaller cargoes, the Great Eastern may do a regular paying commercial business. Her first trip will be to Portland, thence to New York. ‘The directors have had an offer for the first trip of £25,000, besites coaling and port charges, from a gentleman now engaged in the American passenger trade (Mr. Lever, of the Galway and New York line), an offer which they have seen fit todecline, though on what grounds we have not been informed. Probably the directors are desirous of making the first trip themselves, instead of charter- ing the vessel to another. You will be glad to learn that your Captain Comstock, formerly of the Collins line, will take the monster from Port- land to New York. Now look out for your deepest pas sages; if the Narrows are too narrow, shave off a slice from Staten Island or pitch Fort Hamilton into the sea, for the Great Eastern, if posaible, must be anchored off the battery, to give the Knickerbockers an opportunity to inspect her fair proportions. Serious fears are entertained respecting the passage of the ship out of the Thames, the channel in some places being narrow and very crooked. ‘The underwriters are very chary about insurance, not ‘one of whom have yet taken a guinea of risk on the ves sel. The premium asked is from five to fifty per cent. ‘There is ® rumor that the firm of George Peabody & Co. is to be dissolved or remodelled. The cause I have not beard, but I know that the head of the house has never been pleased nor satisfied since certain events during and previous to the great crisis of 1857. Before that dis- graceful failure in Boston, connected with Lawrence, of Lawrence, Stone &Co., was known, that house attempted a large negotiation with Peabody &Co. A draft was actu- ally drawn, amounting to some £80,000 (nearly $400,000), and some real or fancied secucity offered. This draft was See 1844-45. In aA bout, mbardo-Venctia... 00,000, accepted, and the negotiation had been aboutcompleted Seratiien Gtatas b 843/000'000r. when the senior partner, Mr. Peabody, cam« and put 245;000,000f. a veto on the whole transaction. As matters turned out 118,000, 000f. the security was not worth a straw; Lawrence failed—and | Two Sicilies.. 180,000,000f. but for the timely appearance of Mr. Peabody, his firm | gota)... ss sese11145,000,000%. 1,886,000,0007. would have been seriously damaged by one stroke. of the |, ‘The increase is thus sixty per cent, and affords an idea of what those countries may become which have hitherto deen the worst administered in the world. ’ ‘The Emperor and Emprees are busily taking the baths at St. Sauyenr—the former makes hig ablutions at seven, the latter at eight. In the course of the day they make excursions in neighborhood, and have been twice to Baréges, where the government propose to erect a mititary hospital. The Emperor takes great interest in the projected establishment, and has the plans submitted tohim, It is bead that his eve 4 ep oenee vations con- structions in environs of St. Sauveur only one operation is certain—the vosiorabo or the a LerMitage vf Ov. Pierre, the rning of which are opposite to the beautiful valley of ‘Luz. ie chapel there was for- merly a place of pilgrimage, and the hermitage acquired a certain degree of celebrity. The Emperor and Empress are delighted with their new residence. “I have visited various parts of the Alps,” said the former, ‘but I have never seen anything 80 pretty as the valley of Luz.” The mountaineers of the neighborhood sing charm- pen. The domestic news still sayors largely of tragedy. The case of Dr. Smethurst bas beén before the public for four mortal weeks, and J suppose he thinks he'll be hanged if he don’t keep it there for at least four weeks longer. Itseems to be reiterated that Mr. Charies Dickens is going to America to give some readings. Iscarcely be- lieve this to be his intention, Mr. Dickens has fallen ra- Pidly in the gociat xcatey ead’ wary considerably in the literary and intellectual field during the last four or five years. Asa dusiness man he never stood well. His treatment of his publishers and his dealings with them have not been characterized by courtesy, fairness or busi- ness comity. Some years since, when Chapman & Hall were his publishers, he went to Italy. He drew very large drafts upon them, all of which were accepted. They, pr al grove ‘en ll paceent Cs sven al: : Cah he mechanical part o} re, and wi however reminded bim that he was very much over: V noting save their ear” to guide them in their drawing his account; they showed him the sale of his books and serials, their receipts from them, and the amounts they paid him. He immediately returned, took it in dudgeon, broke off his engagements with them, and made @ contract with Bradbury & Evans. With that firm be broke off early this year, the rupture bringing ‘Household Words” to a termination, when he commenced a new seng to the tune of “‘Allthe Year Round.” Io this speculation he has returned to his first love, aud entered into Duriuece relations with OLApMAN & HAN again. You doubtless know the circumstance attending his quar- with Bradbury & Evans. He separated from wife and wrote a letter, or proclamation, characterized by nothing but bad taste, and addressed to all the world on a subject in which they felt as much in- terest as did the people of the British isles at the proclama- tion of the breechless savage at the head of a tribe in Cen- tral Africa, who condescendingly informed all creation that they might dine after his majesty had finished his re- paet of potitoes and snakes. The superannuated beau ‘was vexed, not that his publishers did not sympathise with him, but because they did not anticipate his wishes by voluntarily printing the proclamation aforesaid knowledge of music, withal that they chant the songs of the country with a marvellous taste. A number of these peasagts have been seranading their Majesties. The drawing rooin in which the imperial personages sat is on the ground floor, and the moment the sin, began the Emperor oe at the door, shortly followed by the Empress. The Empress seated herself on a chair on the door steps, with the ladies of honor behind her, and the Emperor, descending amongst the crowd, stood leaning against the wall. e peasants, a little awed by the im- perial proximity, nevertheless acquitted themselves ex- ceedingly well, and their Majesties several times gave the signal of applause. One of the songs was a sort of cantata in honor of the imperial family, and a prayer to God to watch over the Emperor and the imperial Prince, which it contained, drew tears to the eyes of the Empress. When the singers had ceased, the bystanders cried out with great enthusiasm, ‘Vive l’Empereur!” “ Vive ’Impera- trice!’’ “ Vive le Prince Imperial!’ The Empress then advanced to the singers, accompanied by the Emperor, and addressed to them her thanks and compliments. A curious experiment of watering public promenades is being tried at Lyons, and hitherto with success. A chemist of the city accidentally spilling some hydrochloric acid onaterrace, found the spot hardened and main- tained ina state Of permanent moisture. This induced in the inappropriate columns of a comic se- | him to think it might be applied to macadamized roads rial—the ubiquitious and everlasting Punch. ‘The | with the view of allaying the dust. Experiments have fact is, Mr. Dickens is about worn out; fast | resulted in a carriage way being now several months breaking up. His cares, his troubles, his ‘years, | (rce from dust. During the hotest part of the day the bis habits, and incessant labor to make both ends meet, have taxed his mental powers till they are breaking down. In his readings he looks like a de- cayed beau, a patched, painted, peruked he-dowager. Iunderstand he has commenced writing a very dull story for the Ledger. I wish Bonner’s half million subscribers a pleasant time in the reading and an easy digestion afterwards. Mr. Dickens’ tourin America, some sixteen. yearsago, and the literary results thereof, are well known. The “Notes on America’ and ‘Martin Chuzzlewit’”’ satirized everything and everybody, and begot a chronic ill temper against literary tourists from England of he ‘Trollope anid Dickens school which will not soon be for- gotten. Asa literary man, a traveller no doubt has a right to comment on men and ee as he finds them. Had Mr. Dickens net accepted the homage and lavish attentions of a kindly disposed and warm-hearted people in every community through which he passed, he might have had the right, as a simple traveller who paid his way and minded his own business, to wri the pleased. But he accepted their hospitalities; he thrust his legs under their mahogany, and pretty extensively, too; ate Boz dinners, danced at Boz balls, and received all the honors that they chose to shower upon him You know the result. He made himself scarce, got clear out of the country and then ridiculed, satirized, blackguarded, lam- pooned and fooled his late entertainers to the top of his bent. Mr. Diekens ought to know that when one gentle- ‘man dines or is entertained at the house of another, he hag no right to go away and talk about or ridicule his en- ground, although dry and gravelly, has the appearance of haying been recently damped. “Atevening the mois- ture becomes more and more perceptible, Every morning the ground is stiffer and more comfortable to walk on. Ths acid, in fact, decomposes the gravel or stone, and forms one ‘or several deliquescent salts, which therefore at- tract the moisture of the air. The only question is whe- ther roads thus damped will endure under such a pro- cess as long as they ought. M. Fould, the Minister of State, has gone to join the imperial party atSt. Sauveur. it seems to be @ part of imperial policy just now to bring the outer world ag much acquainted as possible with the future Napoleon IV. One day a grave statement is put forth of his. imperial High- ness’ view of the Italian war, in which acertain degree ef sympathy is expressed for what he presumes are the unwashed and prayerless Austrians; another day he Whoneur, by his pertinent inquiries as to the man- ner of keeping up their stockings; and now we are told, that with a walking stick instead of a fusil, the petit caporal of the guard executes his military mancuvres with such grace, promptitude and martial fire, that all the drill sergeants are struck “of a heap;” and'to prove in- fallibly what an Admirable Crichton is in store for the Itn- perial throne, it is stated that he already speaks English, Spanish and German with as much facility as French. Pretty well this, for three years old! The authorities have filled up the measure of his Imperial Highness’ ac- complishments, for doubtless, independent of the lan- tertainer or bis entertainer’s wife, his man servant, his maid servant, his ox, his ass, or anything that is his. Now, if he goes back to America, and the bamboozled and epiflicated Yankees should choose to turn the tables on him and throw rotten eggs into the windows of hie lecture room, or ride him ona rail, he must only consider it as a practical illustration of the speech of the famous Ieraclitish financier at Venice, the patient and forbearing Mr. Shylock, who said to his op- pressors:—“The villany you teach me Iwill execute; and it shall go hard, but I will better the instruction.” ‘Of course, Mr. Dickens will extend his travels into any country he pleases to visit; but as he has written his own lettere of introduction and sent them to America long ago, I presume the le will know the character of their guest a8 goon as he arrives. tis well known that Bradbury & Evans have started a periodical of their own, that comes—like the letters of your correspondent—as a it ae and welcome messenger ‘to thousands of happy bouseholds—Once a Week. I have no doubt that each are equally clever, equally sparkling, equally welcome and getequaily wef paid. What more ‘could | cay? Echo answers—aAye ! guages above specified he has’an Attic idiom of his own, culled from all the rest, which in its way is more abstruse than either. Everything seems gradually toning down to the dead level of peace. The reaction, after the excitement of late events, is rather triste; but the approaching winter is expect- edto make such ample amends for the dullness last—to which the peror gave the coup de grace by his speech to the Austrian Minister—that every one seems disposed to make the best of it. Our Brussels Correspondence. Brvsseis, Sept. 1, 1859. The New Cotton Bank on the Continent of Europe—The Firs Token—Mother Bank to be at Frankfort or Brussels—New Orleans Banks and the Late Crisis—Central Committee of Cotton Planters in Alatama or Georgia Russian, French, ond German Commercial Policy—. avith the Cotton States of America—Belgium—Its Geographical Position Baltimore and Antwerp—Movements of Americans, éc. ‘The financial affair to which Ihave alluded heretofore» has since my last assumed a regular form. The basis of the new cotton bank is laid, and as its operations will no doubt become very important, your Southern traders may take an interest in the matter. The capital stock of the new banking company is not yet fixed, nor the namo by which it will be known. The principle of ita forma- tion is substantially what I said it would be. The shares will be fixed at a moderate sum each, and the character of its investments and discounts be regulated entirely im accordance with the wants of the cotton growers of the Southern States of America. It is taken for granted that an interest which produces annually to the value of $185,000,000 in the form of so convertible an article as cottqn, may by good management be made the foundation of an egtensive banking operation. The mother bank will be either at Brussels or at Frankfort, under the direction of an eminent name in the financial world. The first operation in Axnerica will take place, as I said, in Georgia or Alabama, A)civen district in the cotton growing por- tion of the State wi! be selected as the place of “trial” of the first bank. Loan.® will be made tothe planters upon their growing crops, and based on the value of their plan- tation securities, atthe European rate of interest. The crops thus controlled at the Point of production will besent forward directly to Europe for sale in Europe. On the ar. Tival of the cargoes the same fao.ility of credit will be ex- tended to the buyers, and thus thé American plauter, in- stead of recciving n8 now the first wholesale price of his Ftaple in America (which price is alway# the lowest) iN eet ibs Our Paris Correspondence. Pans, August 30, 2659. 4 Semi-Official Article in Favor of the Halian Ex-Dukes~ The Amnesty Fulland Complete—The Addresses to the Em- peror—The Anglo French Auiance—Continued Interest of Austria in Lombardy—The Sil Trade of the Territory— Eoyal Bathing at Bt. Sauveur—Allaying Dustin the Streets ly Chemistry— Progress of the Prince Imperial, de., de ‘The Constitutionnel thie morning contains what may be termed @ very moderate artiele in favor of the “missing Italian princes."’ It evidently speake from authority, and its object ie clearly to steer a middle couree that shall sa- tify the princes on the one band, of the Emperor's desire to fadfil the engagement entered into ot Villafranca of throwing no impediment in the say of their restoration, and, op the other, to reassure the Italian people of bis de- termination to free them from any military intervention. Austria, it cays, has forever let the fruitfu monopoly of these armed intrusions im the affairs of the Peninsula, and we shall never profit by this loa. If we had a military occupation at Rome it was not to support a prince against his subjects, but to uphold the Papacy—the Father of alt the faithfal. If the princes can re-enter their dominions _by common consent, well and good; but we eball use no ots, er means in their favor but our advice. Ina word, Italy owes to us her independence, and we are not going to take Way that which we have given. Thaye given that which ie of immediate interest as touching the y.tal question of the day. But the arguments 1y RrOOGRI ForeMboes Wn kby Lest park of whe articly lic 5 ‘The unsettled cond'don of Europe, combined with the of ‘the United States, 8 to American was to dé “ ton that the Reations tao! wing once formed “n alliance with an influential and active commit- tee of brokers on the Continent, have the claims of cotton securities and ‘ecur! i for- ward. The whole turns upon a few jues- tions:—Are the securities ? Are they com le? Are they profitable? Can investment be manent? We do not, of course, expect to divert to Bie cotton plantations of the South the’ entire sum destined for America; but money, like water, secks its own level, and if one million of francs can be invest. ed at the South in cotton securities to an equal advantage, as comnaret with the Northern railways, you may depend on it the trial will be made. There is now at this moment some reat of Chern henry men once stood high in Europe, an¢ will incline many geek the South. Tho manner in which the New Orleans Danks went through the late crisis has had a wonderful influence in Europe wherever that fact is known; and I know peiivaly that an elaborate statement, to be printed in German and English under the name of a high financial authority, will make this fact still more known. I learn, also, that’a special delegate from Europe goes out Boon to the United States for the purpose of ing the necessar} preliminary arrangements, and to consult personally wit! some of the leading men of the South. It is possible that @ central committee of correspondence or organization, embracing the more oo ene growers of cotton, will be formed in Alabama and Georgia. The Continental and Southern Direct Trade Association of Belgium continues to receive eeutyiog. assurances from Zollverein, Austria and Switzer! in rd to the objects of the association. Letters from America are equally encouraging, and as the idea of the European cot- ton bank originated from the publication gnd labors of this committee, the two influences may combine. It go it will form a strong company, and become a serious rival to the Dutch trading company. Indeed, one of the mem- bers of the Belgian committee considers that next to the Jate Kast India Company of England, this banking and commercial league with the cotton planters of Ameri- ca, will be the most influential combination Europe has ever seen. Itis believed that the cotton crop of the United States of America will eventually control the ex- changes of Europe. Of one thing no one can be mistaken, and that is, that under the combined influence of Russian policy, of France and of the Zoliverein, a direct trade be- tween the Southern States of America and the Continent of Furope has long beem assuming imposing proportions. ‘The movement was first initiated by Holland, the Nether. lands Trading Company taking the lead. But that body only gave impulse toa ball which, once in motion, gathers strength of itself. Belgium has now come forward, and seeks to become the place of transit of the trade between the South and Central Europe. The great Luxemburg Railroad will soon be finished to a point commanding the Swiss roads. When this line is in full working order, you will see the mag- nificent position of Antwerp. By her railroad to Cologne she will have an open and cheap access to Central and Northern Germany. By the great Luxemburg. she will command Switzerland; then Belgium can, through ber unlimited manufacturing powers, furnish the basis of a regular exportation to the South. In other words, she will be the England of the Continent, and Ant- werp will be to the Southern States what Liverpool is to the North. The manufacturers of Belgium are now en- gaged taking the necessary steps to supply the tastes and wants of the Southern market, and I learn that our Balti- more friends are going to be asked to co-operate by being the importers for the Southern trade, position of Baltimore and Antwerp is very similar. Both occupy a central pesition on each continent. Both have an exten- sive and expensive railway system which only needs @ regular and direct steam communication to make these great works complete. Antwerp is becoming a fine tobacco market, and through her arrangement with Cologne and Switzerland will offer strong inducements for the tobacco and maval stores exported from Baltimore. It is hoped that the necessary preliminary arrangements will have been completed by the end of the year, so that the trade may commence in a way. The American party at Spa has broken up. The Minister (General Fair) bas returned with his family to Brussels, ag also the honorable Mr. Spence, late United States Minis- ter at Constantinople. The new American Consul at Ant- werp has also returned to his post from Spa. This gentle- man has made a very favorable impression at Antwerp. ‘There are several American ships in that port, flying in cheerful manner the banner of stars. The captains and crews are all well. Our Berlin Correspondence. Beruy, August 31, 1859. Movement in Favor of United Germany and Disunion Ex- citement—France Pursuing the Richelicu Policy—The Prince Regent Adverse to the Agitation, but the Course of Prussia not Defined—Opinionsof the Duke of Saxe-Gotha— Feeling Towards a Prussian AmnestimmPrads and aru Jectures Depressed—The Ernst Arrest and Discharge in Hanover—The Principle of the Arrest not Abandoned— Gen. Cass Should Act for a Final Settlement, de. ‘The movement in favor of a united Germany, which ex- cites co much ill blood at Vienna, is equally displeasing to France, whose invariable policy it has been to extend her influence on this side of the Rhine by keeping alive the hereditary feuds and provincial jealousies among the peo- ple and their sovereigns. It was this policy which received its chief developement from the genius of Cardinal Riche- jeu, and was carried out with brilliant, though transitory success, by the First Napoleon, that enabled France to filch one province after another from her eastern neighbor, whose mora] and physical energics were constantly paralyzed by internal discord; and it is no wonder, therefore, Wat ehe should be averse to any change in a state of things that has always proved so favorable to her views of ambition and aggrandisement. The Prussian government is considered to be at the bottom of this agi- tation, and the French official scribes, who bad suspend- ed for a while the attacks levelled at this country for its conduct during the late war, are returning to the charge witb fresh vigor ia the new and unexpected réle of de- fenders of the balance of power and of the treatics of 1815, which they affirm would be violated by any attempt to alter the constitution of Germany as existing under ig confounding the doctors, the waiting maids and dames, Jaw Few) prigg im Lurepe, whigh pri these treaties. An article in one of the Paris journals has created no little sensation here, showing as it docs the animus of the French government, under whose direct in- spiration it is known to have been written. Prussia, says the official organ, has forfeited all pretensions to the leadership of Germany by the vacillation, inconsistency and egotism she has evinced, not only during the Italian crisis, but in every previous complication. ‘(In 1860 she de- serted her allies in the moment of danger, and she will do #0 again on the present occasion. Now, as then, the woakuess and irresolution of Prussian policy will reader nugatory the sacrifices which the States of the second or- der are ready to make in the cause of independence, and disappoint even more the hopes ef union entertained by enthusiastic but mistaken patriots.’’ The article concludes with a hint that Austriaand her confederates among the ‘German Princes will oppose the erection of a central Pow- er under the auspices of Prussia, even by force of arms, and that France will not remain @ passive looker-on at the solution of the “ German question.” It must be acknowledged that the accusations levelled against Prussia. are by Do means without foundation, so far ag regards want of resolutign and firmness, (ogi i it ié rather ungracious in the French and Austrians, who have profited most by this failing, to reproach her with it, ‘The Prince Regent and his advisers have the best inten. tions in the world, but they are perpetually halting be- tween two opinions, and in this German movement espe. cially, their natural desire to contribute towards a reform of the federal Union—the necessity of which has been so often rev sized Ld conservatives as well as liberals—is neutralized by their profound respect for “vested rights,” and the fear of laying themselves open tothe aoe of re- volutionary tendencies. Far from having hada hand in pro- ducing the agitation, as the Cabinets of Paris and Vienoa— judging from what they would have done themselves under the same circumstances—do them the honor of suspect- ng, they are seriously embarrassed by the dimensions it has already attained, and anxious to prevent its rising to a still greater beight. It was hoped that an expression of opinion would be elicited from them by an address to the Prince Regent from the citizens of Stettin, alluding to the great national question now pending, and calling upon his ‘al Highness to take the initiative in the work of reform; but it had no other effect than to hasten his de- | cheidl for Ostend, which affords him an excuse for de- ying reply which must compromise him in one direc- tion OF the other. In fact, the favorite Prussian system of trying to please all parties—which, however, has generally led to the opposite result—cahnot possibly be Carried Out in this case: if government hesitates between the German people and the German princes it will diagust and irretrievably alienate the former, without gaining tho confidence of the latter, whose prejudices, traditions and interests will always incline them to the side of Austria. Among the egg too petty sovereigns represented at the Federal Diet there is, 1 believe, but one who is favorable to the national cause and willing to Promote it; this is the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, dominions are not very extensive, beii little better than half as large as Rhode Island, wi a lation of 150,000, but who derives some political influence from his near relationship to the royal family of ee He is brother to Albert, the Prince Consort, and having no male issde, will be succeeded in bis little duchy by Prince Alfred, the second son of Queen Victo- Tia. On this account no slight importance is attached to a manifestation proceeding from him, which took place on the following occasion:—At Gotha, as in other places, a meeting had been held and resolutions passed in refe- rence to the tye of the day,and on Sunday last a deputation of the inhabitants waited upon the Duke to communicate the resolutions and to request him to as- sist in their realization, as being in accordance with his serene Highness’ well known patriotic sentiments. In For bim- ly intimated his Eat German position in Europe which it so well deserved. No doubt great offence to the Duke's illus- been received with step Pig advance ‘made vance be ho question of German "unity since ite late ‘The amnesty granted by Louis Napoleon has been ib commented upon here, and great regret is felt that Prussian rulers should have allowed the French autocrat to anticipate thom in an act of jimity which they might have conceded with a much better grace and in- finitely lees danger to themselves than the man of the 2d December, A mseeurg of he bind bag Deca repeaiely in this coun Princess’ = eee ane baie; tak lao always inted, and ins: of pardon. to alt ~offdnders, onl; a few the least obnoxious have” been thowet to return to their homes, or had their term of imprisonment shortened by & year or two. As long as the King was in full possession of his power no amnesty was thought of, it being notorious that the events of '48 and the humiliation they had subjected him to had roused in him a feeling of wrong and hatred toward all those who had participated in them that was proof against any ap- pealto mercy; Dut of the Prince of Prussia better things | ‘were expected, and his sincerest friends are grieved to find that he has left to Louis Na m the glory of origi- nating an act of humanity of which he can now only ap- pear ag the tardy imitator. " ‘The euspense and uneasiness prevailing in respect to the Political agpect of Europe continue to impede the activity of most branches of trade, to which, it was hoped, the conclusion of peace would give a new impul Con. merce, industry and navigation are still in a depressed state, and capital keeps back instead of fructifying en- terpriges that would give occupation to a number of hands and be a source of profit to the employers. The failures of retail merchants in the pro- vinces, especially in the dry goods line, have been going on ata fearful rate for several months, and in this city the list of bankruptcies of middle cl firms, small manufacturers and tradesmen in different branches of busines has increased in the same ratio. The mobiliza- tion of the army led to the imposition of higher taxes by the municipal authorities for the purchase of cavalry, ar- tillery and ba, horses, the billeting of soldiers, &c., which entailed heavy burthens on rich and poor, and of course obliged them to retreach in order to make up for this extra expense; beside which, many hands being out of work, they were hardly ‘able to provide for the necessaries of life, and purchasing articles of drees or other luxuries was quite out of the question, The only trades that flourished were those engaged by govern- ment in furnishing accoutremoats for the anmy, as + dlers, wheelwrights, smiths, military tailors and so forth; allotbers were completely stagnant. A few gleams of light, however,are now inning to struggle through this gloomy picture which gives some promise of ultimate amendment. As Loipsig fate i approaching, the manufac- turers expect the country dealers will have to fill up jthe vacancies in their stores, baying kept aloof since "the spring fairs: in consequence of this there is a movement now in the calico printing establishments, which is one of the chief articles of Berlin export. The machine builders, too, have got plenty of work Again, having received mauy orders for the new Ruesian railways; but these are only exceptions, and no permanent revival of business can be looked forward to while so nany threatening cloude con- tinue to obscure the political horizon. I presume the United States government has received information ere this that Clinton Ernst has been released by the Hanoverian authorities. This has been doue in the present instance merely as an act of courtesy to the American republic, without acknowledging the principle contended for by General Cass, which, says the Hano- verian Minister, can only be settled by a diplomatic ar- rangement between the two governments. In my opinion, however, this remark shows that Hanover, as well as the other German States, is not unwilling to enter into nego- tiations for the purpose of coming to such an agreement; and if the Secretary of State takes advantage of the con- ciliatory disposition of the German government, and of the political circumetances that have given rise to it, he would have a fair opportunity of putting this questio vewata at rest, and relieving the adopted citizens of Ame- rica from all further annoyance. Our Swiss Correspondence. INTRRLACHEN, August 27, 1859. Ascent of the Right and Consequent Fatigue—Scenery by the Way—Rainy Weather and Alpine Tourists—Swiss Hotel Charges—Perseverance of English Excursionists—A Look at the Avalanches of the Great Hills—Politics in Berne— A European Congress a Necessity of the Time, dc. Yesterday I crossed the Wengern Alp, arriving here about dark last evening. Since last Sunday afternoon, when I ascended the Kighi, 1 have known but little of what rest meant, having in the meantime ascended the St. Gothard to the Hospice, and then struck across the Furca and Grimsel passes, past the magnificent Rhone Glacier to Meyringen, up the Great Scheideck by the crystal-like glacier of Rosenlani, thence made a detour to the summit of the Faulhorn and back down to Grindelwald, and £0 0n over the lesser Schiedeck, or Wengern Alp, to Lauterbrupnen, and down to this most beautiful spot. Here I mean to stay yet a few days to enjoy its multiple attractions and restore blis- tered toes, stiff muscles and parched lips to something like acomfortable if not perfectly sound condition. All the way from Lucerne to the St. Gothard Hospice seemed like consecrated. gronnd, .ana.I hed no lack of occupation, nientally as well as physically, traversing, ws tne route does, the most interesting portions of Switzerland as far as the early history of its independence, the scenes of the lives and acts of the herocs of the Grutli, and many of the conflicts of the French and Russians in the campaign of 1799, are concerned. Grand and noble as were many of these historical scenes, they are by no means enough 80 as to draw all of one’s attention when in the midst of such natural scenery as is presented by the shores of Lake Lucerne, the defile by the Devil’s Bridge, with the plung- ing Reuss throwing itself over precipices in leaps wild enough to satisfy the most ardent lover of roaring cata- racts and foamy floods. On the Righi ten or fifteen minutes ‘was all the time we two or three: hundred miserable ex- pectants had to enjoy that view of eight charming Swiss lakes, that gaze upwards to the heavens with answering blue, lovely villages and fruitful flelds; while the sight of the distant Bernese Oberland was entirely denied us. That one brict taste of perhaps the choicest of eyesight meals, caught through a break in the clouds, which encircled the mountain and us, with but a bare gleam of sunlight from the old dispeller of fogs and frosts, ag he lay behind a still higher black cloud silvering its borders, was such a feast as I believe nowhere else is to be enjoyed, and the memory of which will last till me- mory ceases, It rained all the time, excepting this brief interval, after we were half way up, till nearly morning, notwith- standing the splendid weather we had at starting and tho ‘edictions of gorgeous sunset and sunrice by guides and jorse lenders. In the tmorning, instead of being awakened at four or five o’clock by Alpine horns to enjoy the sunrise I came for, I “rolled out” at eight, took the usual excellent Swiss breakfast of coffee, bread and butter and honey, and en- Joyed the felicity of paying the most extortionate bill ever put on to a man, after a regular scuffle with three or four pretentious waiters who, at the land- lord’s bidding, seized my b because I would not pay four francs for those everlasting curses to a traveller in Europe, ‘bongies and service,” when, they had given me a tallow candle instead of 'a sperm one, which the charge would entitle me to, and the negligent servants had failed to get and “black”? my boots, which the for “services” always includes, except at the Righi-Kulm Hotel. yd ‘The failure of having the distant view of the Bernese Oberland, from the thi, was more than compensated for by the near view I had from the Faulhorn, which mountain I ascended from the summit of the Great Schei- deck, in about three or three and abaif hours of very hard climbing. I dare say that nowhere is that magni- ficent chain of snowy peaks seon to better advantige teas from the Faulborn. Those three monster peaks—the Wetterhorn, Finster-aar-horn and Jungfrau—tower up in all their sublimity directly on one’s front, and although you think that the Faulhorn is pretty well. up in the world, there you see them still four or five thousand feet above you. In no way can any commensurate idea of the heights of the great peaks of the Alps be 80 well obtained as by ascending some lesser one, from which the valley below looks quite as high perhaps, and then see the very little effect your ascent makes on their apparent height. On the night of my arrival in Grindelwald from the Faulhorn, a young Englishman came down from the top of the Wetterhorn, upon which he had reached ana planted a fing. With spy glass we all saw the flag ext morning. He ascended from the Strableck on the opposite side. It took him sixteen hours. e first night he slept in the same cave in which an Englishman— a Mr. Mills, I believe—who claimed to be the first one who had ascended to the very top, mentioned as having donc himself when he ascended a few years ago. This young man claimed to be the third person who had reached the be the villagers bore him out in his assertion. ile on the Wengern Alp I was so fortunate as to sce two or three avalanches, and to hear many others. None, however, I judge was very large, or my expectations of an avalanche were too great. The thundering sound which they produce, however, is far disproportionate to the sight. As you see the snow and ice commence fall- ing over a precipice or into some immense rock cleft, you are half tempted to goalong, not believing that from the ‘ap- parently small cloud of snow just falling it were possible for the crashing thundering sound, which strikes the ear before you are fairly turned on your heel, to proceed. And the more are you caused to wonder for the reagon that this sound is 80 unlike any ever before heard. Falling water is totally different. It secms to me that nothing, unless it might be a huge forest broken short of by a hurricane and falling, could produce another such a crashing roar as does one of these avalanches. When about three-fourths of the way down to Lauterbrunnen our party met throe other persons—a young and extremely pretty girl and two gentlemen—whom I at once recognized as Ameri- cans, and they likewise did me, for one spoke to me in the most’ imploring manner, wanting to know how much farther it was to’ the hotel on the men ye phe him about Nyro seni tug: ring him to it, and perl @ little longer time for the lady; when, saya he,!' or heaven's sake don’t mention her, I’m’ the lame one,” and started of, singing, Hee hS back to old Virginia,” &c. I pitied, but could not help him. He had been unable to obtain a horse at all, either for himself or the lady. usual, now-a-days, since the pany en reaches almost every freq height, to e orses, Lee pe and for one who must wedded to a soft bed, is a very pecessary ition this season, when so many hundreds in a be biblical assertion that os __ now hath found a tongue,” or absolutely verified, Te legraphio wince Alling the othoe for both mountain and me Tepent the 14ch and: 16h as well @two weaks pro. j 0 m beard alt a ‘Monday shall leave * by the Gemmi and Simplon roads. Pol news does four amongst tbe mountains to any great extent. mC. 1 was in Zarich one day, but so far ag the Conference is concerned, am none the wiser for it. The Borne pers a few days since contained despatches from Turin ‘that the on yicuttonat ‘axgemblies of both Tuscany and Modena had unanimously declared: for annexation to Sardinia, 1 cannot see how France, after inviting them to off to the former governments, can do iso than to support them in their determination togesist a restoration. An European Congress will probably attempt an arrangement of the very serious difficulties connected with diaban nase, and 1 beueye will make nothing but a ‘as they want to, and are Sar better sbape than it ‘rom the Liverpool Journal, Sept. 8.) anno thas Who np ‘When Sir J. Paki ann Ene BY) have to be reconsti , the term’ was time far fetched and an exaggeration; subsequent. tions, however, prove that correctly appreciated the changes which required to be made to mect the wants of”. the age, arising from the improvement in steam, gunnery and naval construction. A similar reconstruction of cea mail og] must Lvov follow, and also of and passenger transit between Europe and ‘Western States of America. To understand the in all ite bearings it will be nec to go ba: of a century to trace the eae he ve since the'establishment of steamships and rail! to the opening of the Erie canal, in 1828, the the States —borderi on the lakes the St. Lawrence, which was the only out seaboard at Quebec ; byt "no sooner canal opened, although dilly baying a feet, than the trade was intercepted at verted to the Hudgon and New York, this all the year round, while the ports’ of 3 were closed for six months, ‘The rapid rise of merce of New York dates from this period, was afterwards greatly accelerated by the. railways towards the Western States. The whee imports then went to New York, ready to be forwarded ‘on the opening of the canal and lake nay . ‘The York packet ships, once so celebrated, carried all before: them on the ocean, and the floating palaces on the son and Lake Erie were the admiration of all, until tha” they now no longer exist. ally losing its traffic, and it is now eee 0 sell it, as was done in the case of the Philadelphia State canals, ‘The rey of the corn laws, and subsequently the na- yigation laws, gaye an impetus to the New York Central Railway and to the shipping of New York, which wag the, final blow to the St. Lawrence route. Great discontent. prevailed in Canada in consequence, and it was conceded: © by all that the only way to regain ‘the vast trade of the ‘West was to construct a trunk railway from Sarnia to. Quebec and Portland. Towards this the Canadian goyern- ment contributes £3,111,500, and in November next it ie expected the tine, with the Victoria Bridge, will be open- ed from Portland to Detroit and Chicago, without a break—a distance of 1,138 miles—with a weekly line of mail steamers to Quebec and Portland from Liverpool. ‘The geographical advantages of the route are it, Quebec being eome 500 miles nearer than New York, vith, the railway connecting with shipping at Quebec, Portland and Sqrnia, which eaves cartage and time. At Three Rivers, about Ainge Hila above Quebec, the tidal flow ceases and steamers have to contend against a strong current, requiring the aid of great power to over- come the resistance, especially at the rapids below Mon- treal; above Montreal the St. Lawrence canals have to be- passed before entering Lake Ontario, and the Welland ca- nal before reaching Lake Erie, in all sixty-nine miles of canal, and detention in the passage of fifty-four locks, in- volving heavy tolla.on goods, marine insurance, &c., &¢. ; from Lake Erie the transit over the shoal water of the St. Clair river to Lake Huron is attended with considerable danger,shown by the annual casualties. At Sarnia, the entrance to Lake Huron, the current runs at the rate of seven miles an hour; in'short, to overcome the current, the Sepyaiiors are compelled to be eq with pewer- ful machinery, and, as the season barely laste six months, the forwarding companies have been one by one retiring from the unequal competition, and next year the fine pas- senger steamers which are still running between Toronto: and Montreal will become matter of history, like the sig- ter vessels on the Hudson and Lake Erie. ‘We are among those who consider steam yet in its in- fancy. We believe that steamships of 10,000 tons will be- ‘come common, that iron sailing ships of 1,000 tons will su- persede wooden, and that the principle of the construction of the Great Eastern will become general. We have thus briefly given a history of the artificial means by which a great trade has been diverted from ite natural channel and the means adopted to restore it to its: old course. Portland and Quebec can, the Great East- ern afloat at the wharves, while New York barely affords the ‘ired of water for the Persia. It will be curious to. fects of steam’on shipping and trade connected with Canada and the Western States. ‘The financial operations of merchants and contractors in the Western States are conducted at New York or Montreal; these en are in correspondence with Liverpool and London. —s of transit, say on 10,000 tons of iron to Chicago Li- verpool, depends, therefore, on the ocean freight, insu. rance and ett or railway and water transit com- bined, whether New York or Quebeo is selected; and as the tonnage from the lakes excceds 6,000,000, there is ample gcope for enterprises on the part of the shipowners and the managers of the Grand Trunk hg ef rey 4 as Quebec is always a loading port, which New York pot excepting when breadstufls command a high price in gland. Mr. Cobden and the Ballot. ‘The following has been published:— Sin—With the permission of the writer I senda on- closed letter from Mr. Wilkinsou, formerly member for Lambeth, for publication in your paper. In congidering the remedies to be applied to the defects in our presen} electoral system, the first point to aim at is a perfect knowledge of the extent of the evils to be dealt with; ana to this end the testimony of the late member for Lambeth, and the candidate for Reigate, is important. While with my pen in hand let me add a word on the subject of the recent rejoicings of our opponents over the letter addressed by Mr. Dana to Lord Radstock on the ballot in America. They would have us believe that the people of the United States do not care for the protection of the secret vote. My answer to this is—Find me a dozen sane men in the free States of America who would exchage their mode of voting for ours. GE ep It is true that owing to the great independence and eneral equality of population of the agricultural ites, absolute secresy is not much cared for. In Massa- chusetts, however, where there is a large portion of the people employed in trade and man , ademand has been made for an improved system of taking the ballot which shall afford perfect protection to the voter, and it has already been partially successful. My answer, once for all, to those who triumph over the inefficiency of the system elsewhere is—“Give me @ trial of the ballot in one election for any large borough in thie country, and I will undertake to devise a plan which shall afford complete protection to the voter.” Will thie really commend jt to the favor of those who are now parading the want of secrecy in the United States? But I will go further. If after one such trial a consti- tuency voluntarily resolves to abandon the orderly, peace- ful, moral ballot, and return to our present mede-of taking the poll, I will engage to accept their decision, and Say no more upon the subject during the rest of my poli- tical life. 1am your obedient servant, Aversr 31. * _R. COBDEN, LETTER FROM W. A. WILKINSON, ESQ, TO R. COB- DEN, ESQ., M. P, y Avaver 20. My Dear Mr. Coppgn—I observe that in your speech the other day to the non-electors of Rochdale, you gave aga reason for the absence of bribery at elections in ae arenes act Rage prac and stated your pinion of ¢ impossibility of carry! an. elect a bribery at Manchester, or Toeds, or matinee os Now, this was once’ my own ‘opinion, but experience has convinced me that this opinion was erroneous, and that bribery is just as easy, or even more easy, in a large constituency than in a small one—at all events in the pre- sent state of our electoral law—and for this reason: — Jn @ small constituency bribery is chiefly praetised by the direct payment of money, which is- againat the law, andeasy of detection; whereas, in a large constituency bribery is accomplished by the hiring of an army’of can- vassers anda hundred or two of pub! > Which is not against the law, and may therefore with impunity. All that is necessary in the laver case is a larger expenditure of money. If two candidates were to come before such a conati- tuency as that of Marylebone, or Finsbury, or Lambeth, no matter what the difforence of their respective qualifica- tions—except in some extreme case of the ofa man of great notoriety, like yourself- ‘one of these candidates took the course which I have described, and the other did not, 1 believe you would find no two opi- nions in the borough as to the result, As Iam not without experience of both sorts of consti- tuencies, I am sure you will excuse my obtruding my no- tions upon you, the more especially a8 your e1 it po- sition has deprived you, in great measure, of this = rience, and as you will no doubt, be called upon to take a iderable part in the framing of any new reform bill when it will be important to determine whether the largences of a constituency has an influence, and what influence, on its capacity for bribery. Jam, my dear Mr. Cobden, Rican Conpen, Esq. M. P. The Trade Strikes in‘Londom, On the 2d inst. the Executive Committee of the United’ ‘Trades met as usualatthe Paviours’ Arms, Johneon etreet, Millbank, and after receiving about £60 in subscriptions’ a letter was received from Sir John Shelley in answer to. a letter from Mr. George Potter, to the Con- ference, soliciting the opinion of Sir John ley on the * document”? insisted upon by the masters. following: is Sir John Shelley’s reply:-— Ceawnacror Lopes, G: ’ gust Sin—I yesterday received your letter, in which you were 80 good as to enclose a copy of the counterfoil which the master builders of E : i $ tll a §. eRe asi 2 = iy Le, & 4 : if E é 7; r8 truly, A. WILKINSON, much of binations are condemned, those who to them, to set a good example. * You have not sent me coun, ion of Mr. Edwin James or of Mr. Marsh Nelson, Thad several consultations with them on the subject, and I also had a conversation with Mr. Alderman Cubitt in the House of Commons, before I left London for, and from what parsed between us I entertained belief that the master builders, having scen their mistake, intended to withdraw the document, in which cage they would Have- shown a desire to concikate, which could not fail'to have ‘a good effect, and thus these unh: differences: might have been adjusted. Hoping that the much to be denied: ec may epeedily i sir, ere faith- Me Gaorce Porm, &o. F y ands ‘Tho reading of this letter gave general satisfaction the men Are te deorained as ever to stand rs ip their amen’ resistance to the doci 7 ‘THR ANTI-OTRIKE MOVEMENT. ‘The members of the Anti-Strike Committee inet-on tho- eye bee tom roth ; hiya” g their ought of Mr. Alderman Cubitt, in accepting the offise of Treashror of the Anti-Strike Fund, isanemaisoe £100 as a beginni end AD PEGUBS Las eeM opened on beb: Perpetrated -