The New York Herald Newspaper, September 15, 1859, Page 4

4 ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. Our Brussels, Florence and St. Peters- burg Correspondence. ‘The Great Kastern Now Entered at the London Custom House for Portland. Opinion in Europe of American . Banks. MOVEMENTS OF GENERAL GARIBALDI. The Aurora Borealis as Seen in BDurope, Rey Kee, ke. ‘The following interesting corespondence and extracts on Furopean affairs were brought by the Ocean Queen :— ‘A Madrid despatch of August 26 says that 600 Moors had attacked Ceuta, but that the garrison, headed by the Governor, put them to flight after having killed eight of them. ‘The Journal du Havre of August 30, in atongarticle on the establishment of a line of steamers between Norfolk and St. Nazaire, states ironically that that famous line has no other consistency than the manceuyres of railroad com- anies which, on both sides of the Atlantic, give them- selves a great movement to obtain traffic from the sea- side, The Journal is of opinion that it is a still-born en- terprise. We translate the following from the Brussels Independ- ance, of August 30:—According to much accredited ramors in London, it is possible that the Powers which have re- mained foreign to the war are soon going toabandon their expectant position and take an active part in the settle- ment of the affairs of Central Italy. The members of the British Cabinet have unexpectedly been convoked on Sunday, and a council was held the very same day at Lord Palmerston’s. It is generally believed in London that the question of Central Italy has been the topic of the deliberation—so hurriedly provoked that it has been necessary to summon by telegraph the ministers who were out of town, and it is even said that the government has resolved to recognise purely and simply the sovereignty of King Victor Eman- uel on the three Dutchies and the Legations. Our Brussels Correspondence. BRUSSELS, August 25, 1859. New York Bank Statement in Europe— Baltimore Interests— Line of Steamers from Antwerp to the Chesapeake—The Zollverein and'the South—Combination of Influences—An- nual European Exhibitions at the South—The European Cotton Bawk—Provisional Committee Appointed—Planta- tion Securities in Europe—Georgia Cotton Yarns in Ger- many—Agency at Cologne—New Field for Southern En- terprise—Belgian Politics—Fortifications of Antwerp— History of the Question—Affairs in the East, dc., dc. The New York correspondent of the L' Independance Belge denies the existing commercial alarm in your city, and calls the Herarp a ‘‘croaker.’’ Now, I have to say, upon the authority of one of the first financial writers in Europe, that very serigus apprehensions are entertained in Germany in regard to the bank statements of New York. Since the late crisis people over here begin to look more to the details of American trade, and if parties in New York suppose they can mystify Europe any longer they are much mistaken. The only favorablo feature for these excessive importations into New York is the bad harvest news which begins to come ut from the inte rior. There will be an advance in breadstuffs, especially in Central Europe and England. The crops in the Baltic and Black Sea are good. Your readers in Baltimore will learn that important steps are being taken in Germany and Belgium for a steam service between Antwerp and the Chesapeake: ‘The movement has its impetus mainly from the railroad people, who conceive a transatlantic terminus by steamers to be an essential finishing to the railroads which concen- ‘trate in Belgium. The steamers will touch at Falmouth, Lands’ End), England, and from thence proceed direct to the Chesapeake. The subject was laid before the Cham- ber of Commerce of Baltimore some time since, but it was necessary to secure the co-operation of the Virginia interest on the one side, and the. Ger- man interest on the other, before a decided “step could be taken. I Jearn that all the interests tributa- ry to the Chesapeake, and the interests tributary to Ant- werp, have determined to combine, so as to realize the best practical result on both sides, each one yielding pod ers For instance, it is arranged to call at Norfolk, and I have positive assurances that the cotton and tobacco sales of cargoes imported into Antwerp. will be offered upon samples at Cologne. These combinations of interests do not, however, end here. An active correspondence is going On between the Belgian and German direct trade comunittees with the planters of the South, to make a united effort with the Zollverein upon some one given port at the South—either at Charleston, Mobile, Sa- , Baltimore, Memphis or New Orleans. Heretofore every effort ut the South for an independent direct European trade has been defeated through the local rivalries and impracticable demands of different towns and States. Norfolk aspires to rival Balti more. Charleston wishes to import for New Orleans. Montgomery to be independent of Mobile, and so on to the end of the list. The European Direct Trade Associa- tion, however, does not look at the question from any: isolated point of view. The object of the members of this committee is to concentrate on the best point their entire influence. At the present moment opinion is divided between Baltimore, Charleston and New Orleans. But am assured that this division will not last. Assurances have been received in Enrope from every part of the South that the plan finally agreed upon by practical business men as best will be supported. In selecting one single town as the chief point of importa tion, the idea of holding a continuous series of public trade sales throughout the South is not abandoned. These exhibitions of European industry, accompanied by trade sales, will from this time be a regular pert of every agricultural fair, convention or pub- ic gathering in the Southern States. But it is believed that there must nevertheless be some gue Southern city where will be concentrated, by a steam service and direct imports on a large scale, the whole strength and influence of the cotton and tobacco States. If igium and Germany can obtain direct one-tenth of the annual increase of the trade of the South through an al ee with Baltimo; Charleston or New Orleans, it will be enough to asonable people. The immense consumption eigium, H and Ger- many, gives Baltimore a regular freight to central Europe. ‘The question of the Cotton Bank is still under favorable consideration. Preliminary information is being taken. ‘The capital of the bank is not yet fixed upon, nor the question of shares. I believe I told it would be on | | | | | NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER. 15, 1859.-TRIPLE SHEET. pa he would not ecek one through a quarrel with I may not be amiss to call attention to the sudden ce whioh has fallen ‘the Danubian —. Turkey? If not, why those preliminary steps In the Kast, Fey the alarm of England? Or ‘love japoloon tho Third, after perfecting the grand idea of his uncle for the restoration of desire for his own personal of Grecian power? should again become the capitals of restored nationalities ht which can give pleasure only to all liberal minds. t Turkey has ber heel upon those ten million PA Christians nage. her sway. vine wit, Beles Dior cnn conquest upon the fuirest spot in Europe; ant 5 a a do it, this erbaria horde will remain where they are until the end of time. But I do not like this profound lull in the East. Russia is certainly there with her never deviating policy. Ask any old hunter, and he will tol! you to be on your guard when the Bear is silent. The wonderful stillness in this val nursery suggests that mischief is going on among the children. ‘Whether itis Master Joseph, or Mastor Napoleon, or that big Russian boy, we may not guess, but Britannia had better be looking into the matter or her attention will be rrested some fine day by a tremendous crash. Our Florence Correspondence. Fiorevon, August 20, 2859. Napoleon's Views and Political Plans in Central Italy— He Dislikes Annexation to Piedmont, and will not Permit the Fusion of Tuscany—The People will call Prince Na- poleon to the Throne of ‘ Middle laly,” and the Emperor ‘and the Pope on Napoleon—Chances of a Bonaparte Car- dinal and Bonaparte Pontif/—Mastini's Opinions on the Continent—Garilalii’s New Command—Liberality of the King of Sardinia, dc. So fur as an ordinary observer can sce, everything is working favorably in Central Italy for the realization of the Bonaparte plans. ‘The Commissioner, Reiset, sent by the Emperor te on- treat the people of those States to receive back their legiti- mate sovereigns, has been received with indiflerence, and his mission bas ended, as everybody knew it would, in a complete fajure, It is not to be supposed that Louis Napo- Jeon did not know a3 well as apy one else that the people of the Duchies and the Romagna would never return, either yoluntary, or by entreaty, or by the influence of severe threats, to their old allegiance. The feeling of hostility owards the old rulers was and is too deep seated for that—a hostility founded upon many and good reasons which are patent to the world. Austria would not, on any account, be allowed to restore the little sovereigns by force, and those sovereigns of themselves have not power enough to regain their scattered thrones. Aleague among the States of Middle Italy has been formed for mutual protection. Not against French mili- tary intervention, as that isnot dreaded. Although, possi- bly, opposition to it would be ruin, there can be no doubt, from the abundant evidence now constantly presented, that it is the spontanoous and general wish of these popula- tions to become united to Piedmont. Itis the firstand most natural aspiration, prompted by faith in the consistent and liberal example of that country, and admiration and confidence in its gallant, frank and patriotic sovereign. Could Louis Napoleon see, without anxiety, the constitu- tional monarchy of Piedmont, with its liberal representa tive institutions, suddenly swelled from the cight millions, to which it has just been increased, to twelve millions, or nearly one-half of the whole population of Italy, with the prospect, by the strong influence of example and the in- creasing spirit of nationality, of before long infecting, and, perhaps, absorbing, the whole Peninsula? No; Louis Napo- Jeon could not see this, and the fusion with Piedmont will NOt be allowed. As we watch the signs of the times, the probability is that before long we shail hear of Princa Na. poleon being called for to asaume the sovereignty of a kingdom of Middle Italy. The demand will appear to come from the population, and it may come as the yolun- tary choice of the smallest of the evils—if evils they can be considered—springing from the altered condition of thing’. ‘The Emperor will be able to say to Europe, “Did J not agree with Francis Joseph that the Dukes should be restored if the people would have them? and did I not send joner to implore them to receive their legiti- “ igus? and did they not obstinately refuse? and had I not given my word that the will of the people, legitimately expressed, should be respected? Behold the result; the people, in gratitude for the aid which we have rendered to the Italian cause, demand one of our family, already allied by marriage to the House of Savoy, to come and reign over them. The wish is reasonable and should be gratified, although Europe, from a natural jealousy of such an increase of the power of France, and firmer con- solidation of our dynasty, may be opposed. If some such result has not been forecast in the schemes of the sagacious Emperor, why the marriage with the child of Savoy? why the long promenade in Central Italy of the troops of Prince Napoleon, which that valorous General, in his report, declared to have a political a well as a mili. tary object? and why have we seen since the first burst of indignation atthe premature peace so much respect shown, and so many compliments paid, to the French mouarch? The opposition of the people of Middle Italy to receive again the sovereigns whose conduct has been so unworthy, even 0 traitorous and cowardly, is already intense and is increasing. If we are to accept the lan- guage which we hear as meant in carnest, the people will brn their cities, destroy their property and sacrifice their lives to the last man, before they will allow the country to be subjected to such shame and injustice. They know well enough that in any event they can save themselves from the worst by calling to their aid and investing with sovercign power one of the Bonaparte race. While Pius IX. owes a debt of gratitude to Louis Napo- leon, the Emperor aiso is largely indebted to the Pope. His Holiness was restored to the Pontificial throne in 1848 by the French arms, and as a reward Louis Napoleon ro- ceived a large proportion of the votes which confirmed his. ugurpation of imperial powers by the influence of the priesthood in many ports of France, acting in obedience to hints received from the central authority at Rome. There is ut this moment a most intimate alliance between the ecclesiastical power with its centre in the Eternal City, and the civil power with its head at Paris for eventual assist- ance. The crosier of the one and the sword of the other are the symbols of the most intimate concord. They have been struck together, and a solemn pledge has been given to exchange temporal or material for spiritual or sacerdotal aid. The mitered Prince, whose kingdom is professedly not of this world, is to a great extent the arbiter of the fate of the pontilicial sovereign, upon whose cannon and bayonets his own power reposes. An encyclical letter from the Bishop of Rome to the prelates of France, with an unfriendly passport, if it did not strike a fatal blow might do much to weaken the power of the French mon- arch. It is always a great and_at times an uncertain game, that played between the Emperor and the Pope, The sovereign of a somewhat fickle people seeks and always must have more and more of every sort of ‘the principle of the London Joint Stock banks. The | administration throughout will ean. The first transactions will commence in or Alabama, and after three years’ experi , sidered data for a larger investment secured by co ith the control of the crops and ¢ ert the said proceeds by direct sales upon by many in Europe as an impossi. But when these slow bankers find that the planters are willing to give not only six per cent, but eight per cent for money, and are quité willing to sell their cotton directly in Europe, your Wall street peoy will have something else to look after besides railroad curities. An arrangement has been effected with the principal financial and commercial journals in Holland, Belgium, France and Germany, to publish statistics in regard tot South, and to discuss the subject of Southern securiti especially of plantation securities—that is, of the invest” ment of moncy on loans to the planters, with collateral security on the lands and negroes of the ‘plantation, and the privilege of selling the crops in Europe. The subject at first excited some surprise, but it is being discussed now in 80 serious a manner that the Southern people will only have themselves to blame if they do not secure this financial alliance with the cheap money of Germany and Holland. In this connection, important results will fle from having proper, exact and truthful government r ton plantations, privilege to con hievel , whenever made and by whomever made. Are the ithern States of America wealthy? Are they advancing in wealth? Are their securities good’ Is the Southern trade profitable? Are the Southern people large consu mers of European goods? Have they the means to pay for their importations? Can direct commercial and finan cial relations be established with them? nd simi Jar questions now agitate the entire commercial and mana facturing interest on the continent of Europe, aud it is to be hoped that a fair official exposition of these question will be obtained. I heard the other day from the gentleman who has formed the Southern direct trade agency at Cologne. He is sanguine of sucerss. Samples of the cotton yarns most | heeded will be sent to the Chamber of Commerce of Sa- Yannah, and to the Cotton Planters’ Association of Georgia. Fhe sucessful sale of Georgia yarns. into Germany, rough logne agency, will open a new fleld for the industrial enterprise of the South. I will not now stop to show the savings and profits of shipping cotton in the Athread”” instead of, as now, in Phe “lint,” to Europe. A special ‘report, based upon careful data obtained at Manchester,’ and in Belgium aud Germany, will soon be made to the Governor of the State of Georgia, to be submitted 0 Le fof that State, But f acert, on very gta” sathorhy. thet Sune vanes Will soon be sold on the banks of the Rhine ST ‘competition with the English article. ree pe has, no doubt, 1 ated excitement in regard t May or may not become serious, ‘Tis de pends upon Frasce. It remark, however, ¢ fortification of Anty 8 a loc 2 Im the politios of Belgium, dating Wetore ihe ‘The government were defeated some two yrars ony game issue. Tt has bee Aa @Xisting ever since, and the only differe is that rn: ment has this time succeeded in its measure. 1 an sare Loan say that France pays no attention ty the sobjoot Tf Napoleon desired a pretext for a rdpture with Yr or (i i i | of the Tuscans and | prestige, and of this the priestly is not to be valued least. Even the highest sacerdotal illusion may 1 coveted and may be received. The adventurer of terday may yet ive the imperial crown the hands of the Vicar of Christ. i that in the fuutre fortune may have re: trustworthy aid to the Bonaparte dynasty, wh sent representative of the family is struggling found in France. At Rome there is the devout young Monsignore Iacien Bonaparte, a son of the Prince Ca: nino, who was connected with the Roman republic of 1848. He has already taken his first step in the prelac: and will soon be advanced to the dignity of Cardinal. He is not so young as was the famous Frederic Borromeo, cousin, pupil and successor of the great Archbishop Charles, when he received that honor. Nor, to take another more illustrious example, is he so young by twelve s the on of Lorenzo the Magnificent, of the Me- who at the age of thirteen was plected Cardinal, and at thirty-eight, as Leo X., became Pope. Before many years, in the natural order of things, the present Pontiff, 80 well known under the title of Pio Nino, will be called from the cares of his earthly office to the enjoyment of the bliss of Paradise. If, when their Eminences the Car- dinals meet iu secret conclave to elect his successor, they should hear a voice from heaven nominating a scion of the house of Bonaparte, who would be able to say that his right to sit upon the ‘throne of the Apostles and his title to the Papal office would not be sound and good ? The recent letter of Mazzini will no doubt be widely cir. culated and find many readers in America. Except in the English language it is not probable that it will be prin- ted and diffused very extensively in Europe. Italy is not at the present moment in a favorable condition to receive any communication from the great republican leader, and neither there nor in Frauce is it probable that anything more than extracts from the manifesto and comments upon. it will meet the eye of the public. Whatever may be thought of Mazzini as a political reformer, it must be ad. mitted that, 80 far as can be judged by the present ten dency of events in Europe, many of his views are masterly and sound. In England the vision of the republican fan: tic will not be accepted as either sagacious or prophetic. y will be made a joke of by English newspapers, for, however they may accord with the fears, they are not flattering to the position which that country at present occu. pies, and which it seems determined and destined by cir- cumstances to hold for some time to come. ‘The stay of General Garibaldi in Florence only extend. ed to three days. He received the appointment as chief other military forces of Central Italy, and hurried off to Modena to assume the command. There are two objects of the supreme love and admiration of the Italians most active at this present moment, as there are two others, on account of the principles which the: repre. sent, of their supreme aversion and hate. The King of Piedmont and Garibaldi are the former, and the latter are the sovereign of Naples, with his fellow despot, Antonelli, the Eons Cardinal Secretary of State 4 The King of Piedmont has done an admi making the honorable Alexander Mauzoni, of Milan’ the able thing in |. sponsible for the opinions advanced in the news| Our St. Petersburg Correspondence. ‘Sr. Peraspong, August 23, 1859. Growing Friendship of Rusia and England—Triple Alli-. ance of Great Britain, Russia and Prussia—Gortscha- kof and Palmerston in Agreement—The Grand Duke Napoleon—The Russian Press—Reform Required—The Czar’s Intended Visit to Germany—New Rifled Cannon Sor the Russian Army—General Improvements in Arms— ‘The Russian Reviewed at Portemouth—Russia and China— Negotiations in Progress—The Position of England— Military Eaplotis in the Caucasus, dc., fc. ‘The entente cordiale between our Court and that of St. James is decidedly progressing. Our coffee house politi- cians aro persuaded that a triple alliance of Russia, Prussia and Great Britain bas already been concluded, to make head against France’ and Austria; and although matters are not quite 50 far advanced as that, there is no doubt that such a combination, the mere idea of which would have appeared preposterous a year ago, has now become not only possible, but even probable. The Oriental ques- tion, which led to the rupture between this ewpire and Engiand—a rupture from which no one derived any ad- vantage but Napoleon IIl.—has been adjourned for the present; and on that of Italy Prince Gortschakotf and Lord Palmerston are very much of the game opinion. They are both the bitter enemies’ of Austria, both n favor of Italian independence, aad both agreed ag to the necessity of a Congress, not to confirm he stipulations of Villafranca, but to revise them and to eliminate those they consider objectionable. The pro- tracted stay of the Grand Duke Constantine in England is attributed to the pourparlers going on’ with the British Ministry on this subject, and: the announcément that he will return to St. Petersburg without | paying a visit to the Emperor of the Frencb, is an evident proof that the inti- mate connection with the Court of the Tuileries has bect greatly weakened, and is no longer what’ it used to be. This may be seen, too, hy the altered language of our press, which seems to have caused some annoyance tothe French government, which has complained of the manner in which the Russian popers, particularly the Invalide, discuss the behavior of France towards the Italians, and the shortcomings she has been guilty of im the peace of Villafranca. The Invalidereceiyed in consequence a hint to be more guarded in his expressions, which had the effect of silencing him for one day, after which he resumed his Strictures with as much spirit as before. As long as the censorship exists, however, both the press and the gov- ernment must always be in a false position—the latter being not unjustly considered by foreign Powers as re- pers, though it may be totally innocent of them; for as long as the censor has a right to cancel such articles as are dis- pleasing the government, the inference is natural that it approves of all those that are allowed to be published. De facto the Russian press has more liberty at present tha in many countries where the censorship is nominally abolished, as in France, Spain, Austria, &c.; the censors appointed since the accession of Alexander Il. being mostly men of enlightened ideas, who allow the utmost latitude to the expression of public opinion; but this is only an indulgence granted to, not aright enjoyed by the press, and may be withdrawn at any moment. Prince Gortschakoff and M. Kovalaftsky, the Minister of Public Education, who represent the part; of progress in the Cabinet, are quite alive to the disad- vantages of the system, and anxious to have it abolished; ‘but the difficulty is what to substitute in its place. Com- plete liberty of the press, like in America, is out of the question; there would have to be press laws, like in Prussia, Belgium, &c., and offences against those would have to be tried by the civil tribunals. This, again, could not be done without the introduction of trial by jury, for if offences of the press were to be subjected to the usual run of our provincial courts of justice, which ought rather to be called courts of injustice, it would be a good deal worse than the censorship, at ‘least as that institution is now administered. Thus the question is indissolubly con- nected with a thor th reform of the entire system of legislation and administration, and as government has got so many other irons in the fire just now, I am afraid we shal] bave to wait some time for its solution. It was reported that the Emperor would make an ex- cursion to Germany this summer to have an interview with the Regent of Prussia; but it aj his journey has been postponed till the fall, when he will take the oppor- tunity of eacorting er back to Russia. Her Ma- Jesty is now 1 Switzerland, on one of those annual tours that cost the country such enormous sums of money, and give rise to considerable animadvorsion, it being remark- ed that if the Empress’ health requires a change of air and a more genial climate, a trip to the Crimea would an- ‘swer just as well as one to Nice or Interlaken. The Em- peror will stay here, at all events, till after the 20th proxi- mo, on which day his eldest son, the Grand Duke Cezare- witch, Nicholas Alexanderwitch, completes his sixteenth your, when, though ordinary mortals are only of age at twenty-one, the scions of the Imperial house attain their majority. There will, of course, be great festivitieson the occasion, and some people think the finalsettlemont of the serf question will then be announced and their emancipa- tion proclaimed; but this I believe to be premature, in- asmuch as the Central Committee, under General Ros- tovtsoff, has not yet proceeded to collate the reports of the provincial commissions, the discussion of which can hardly be finished before the commencement of next year. It is high time, however, for this affair to be disposed of, as the peasants who have waited hitherto with exemplary patience are beginning to lose it, and ascribe the delay— though partly justified by the importance of the under- taking—to the malevolence of their boyars, who, they say, are endeavoring to frustrate the beneficent intentions of the Czar. A committee has been appointed by the Minister of War for the purpose of introducing into the Russian army the modern improvements in artillery which have been brought to with such decisive effect in the late Ita- lian campaign. A model of the rifled gun was procured some time since from the French government, and the experiments made with it have proved to demonstration the formidable nature of that new invention, which is un- doubtedly the most tremendous engine hitherto devised for the destruction of mankind. At the beginning of the Crimean war only a few battalions of the Russian arm: were provided with conic ball muskets, and many - ments were still armed with flintlocks, which placed them at a great disadvantage when opposed to the supe- rior weapons of the allies. Since then percussion guns have been generally introduced, and the old fashioned ordnance will now be gradually superseded by Titled cannon. The committee is presided by Lieutenant General Deadin, one of the ablest officers of artillery in the Russian service, and consists ®f Prince George of Mecklenburg, Inspector General of the Tirailleur battal- ions, six generals and two colonels. ‘The Mediterranean squadron, under Admiral Istomin, which was reviewed by Grand Duke Constantine at Ports: mouth, and is now returning to Cronstadt, is replaced by another, which sailed from thence last week, composed of the Grand Admiral, Captain Shestakoff, and three more screw men of war, commanded by Admiral Nordman, a gallant Finlander, who distinguished himself at the de- fence of Sweborg. It may be recollected that he was flag officer of the squadron to which belonged the unfortunate Lefort, which was lost, with all hands, off Higoland in the autumn of 1857. He was placed before a court martial in consequence, but acquitted: notwithstanding which his professional reputa- tion was thought to have suffered; it seems, however, by. his being selected for this new command, that the Grand Duke, from whom all naval appointments emanate, is of a different opinion. Captain Unkofisky is also expected from Japan, with the Askold and two smaller vessels; but our naval force in the Pacific will not be diminished, frigate and two corvettes having received orders jo those waters. The Russian fleet will in future have regular stations at Nagasaki and Shanghae, er the orders of the Admiralty at Nikolayeffsk, or at Alexandroffsk (Castries bay), to which port the head- rsof the Amoor squadron will probably be trans- Soon after the signature of the treaty of Aigoon, which the eastern boundary between Russia and China, I ioned that our government was desirous to conclude a similar enga nent in respect to the Western frontier, where there is an immense tract of territory claimed, but not occupied by the Chinese, and which is being gradually settled by Russian colonists, who have advanced step by step till they have arrived at the foot of the Thian Shan mountains. General Ignatieff, our ambassador ex- traordinary to China, whose arrival at Pekin I noticed in ono of my former letters, has opened negotiations with the Celestials on this subject, and is said to find them very accommodating and ready to anticipate his wishes; but they demand a piece of service in return which our government is not yet prepared to grant. It is stated that they will surrender to Russia the whole pro- vince of Ili, with the sovereignty over the tribes of Kirgheez and Zoongares, who form the erratic population of that region, if the “ White Tsar” will consent to lend bis armed assistance to the Brother of the Sun and Moon in subduing the rebels who have devastated the Flowery Kingdom for the last ten years, and whom he finds it impossible to reduce to obedience by his own unaided resources. Such a proposition is ery tempting, and you may perhaps be surprised thatit is not immediately grasped at; but there are many siderations which will make our government hesi to embrace it. The military force of Russia in Eastern Asia is by no means numerous, and it is dispersed over an enormous extent of territory from, the Ooral to the the organization of the Amoor district has only just menced, and will require for a time all the exertiogs of the indefatigable Mouravie! to accomplish it. To sebd a body of troops across the desert into the heart of the Chinese empire would be a hazardous undertaking; or even if they succeeded in routing the insw y which would probably be no very difficult matter, they would be exposed to great loss from the effects of the Climate, ‘of hunger and fatigue, and might even be threa- tened with treachery on the part of the Chinese goyern- ment itself, which is not celebrated for its faith. Perhaps the court of Pekin might take a leaf out of the book of its European counterpart at Vienna, and as the world by its ingratitude. The jealousy of England, also, would be roused by the apparition of a Rnssan army on the Peiho and Yantse-Kiang, and the recent good. understanding between the two cabinets in Europe, which is of more importance to Russia than those distant conquests, would scarcely be proof against such a trial. Ido not think it likely, therefore, that the request of the Celestial diplomatists’ will be acceded to; but, a8 the Chinese are extremely anxious to be on friendly terms with the ‘Oroos,’’ it is probable our ambasaador will od] distinguished author of ‘<7 Promessi Sposi”’ and other works, President of the Institute, with an annual pension of 12,000 francs, ‘On General Garibaldi proceeding to pay a visit, on the afternoon of the 15th inst.,to Baron Ricasoli, the ci cheered him Joudiy on the Piazza del Palazzo q whereupon he addressed a few words to the multitude from the steps of the palace, to the effect that the tion of the Florentines was far beyond what he dj ved, and that they must reserve their cheers for the cause of Iuly. Being unable, fro om, to continue his speech, Majbr Malenehini in| pat it was the Gen: ral's wish that poblic tranquil aiid not be disturbed, on which the psople gave oue cheer more and then dis persed be able to attain his object by assuring them of the moral support of Russia, without going so far as to pro- mise material assistance. Letters from Teflis speak in very sanguine terms of the progress of our arms in the Caucasus. The capture of Veden, the Jast stronghold of Schayml, has led to the submission*of all the Tchetchnia and Itchkania, with the districts of Avanin, Andia, Gumbitia, &c. The great Tmour has not been heard of since that terrible check, and the harassing mo n warfare seems to be virtually ter- 1. Prince Bariatisky has addressed « proclatnation to bis troops, dated from his headquarters in Andia, con gratolating them on their successes and expressing his thank, ee ir br uders, Gencral Wrangel and Count Rudol THE GREAT EASTERN. 3 oe ioc She is to Start from Portland, England, and go to Portiand, Maine. ‘The London Chronicle, of the 31st ult,, announced that the Great Eastern had been entered at tho House, London, for New York. There must have been an error ia this statement, for in the shipping intelligence in the Chronicle of the same date, the following copy of the Custom House eutry in London, is published:— Custom Hovss, August 30, 1859. Enters Ovtwaxps.—The Great Eastern (U. S.) via Portland (U. K.) and Holyhead. The London Shipping Gazette, of the 30th ultimo—even- ing—renders it thus— cvsrom House. Entered out (this day) for Great Eastern, Harrison, Portland (U. 8.) via Portland (U. K.) and Holyhead. {From Mitchell’s London Steam Shi; What will they do with the Great which has occasioned a deal of discussion, and has given rise to a variety of by no means _unintercat con. jectures, Will she go to India, to Australia or to North ‘America, and will she be laid out chiefly for goods or for passenger traffic? The question of her first voyage ap- pears at length to be definitively settled. She will, after a trial trip on the 8th of September of 600 or 600 miles, start on the 15th for Portland, in the State of Maine. The idea of sending the Great Eastern to India or to Australia has been for the present abandoned, and the directors, in lacing her in the North American trade, have, in our judgment at least, come to a wise decision. It is \ le that the expectation of br: home the remainder of the Indian army from ci Mia and Bom of ing Journal, Aug. 22.) rn? is 4 question suggested hing the. Great have u idea despate! Fastorn to one or both those 3, otherwise the state of the freight market in East would surely not have tempted the directors to load home from auy ‘port in India. An Australian trip would 'offer greater inducements both as to freight and 135 and as the tors of the Great Eastern h ig to the ant regarc bone as the fulfilment of her destiny. But there are practical difficulties in the way of an Australian voyage which seem to haye been overlooked. The Great Eastern, when under fall steam, will consume something like 256 tons of coal per hi ‘Say that she realises all the expec- tations formed of.her, both as to speed and weatherly qualities, she could not perform the voyage to Australia in less than a month or five weeks each way, and even her ‘vast stowage would not possibly suffice to carry coals for the occasion. If not, could she reckon upon procuring at Melbourne, Sydney, or the Cape an adequate supply? ‘Phe idea of a long voyage is, therefore, met by this initial difficulty, which’ must be disposed of before it can be attempted with any prospect of success. The North Atlantic trade, and especially the trade with Canada, seems to invite the great experiment which the world is so soon to witness. The passenger and goods traffic on that line is sufficiently large to induce every encouragement, while the St. Law- rence in one direction, and Portland in the other, afford the choice of harbors in which even the Great Eastern may be safely accommodated. We regret the preference has not been given in the first instance to the St. Law- rence, inasmuch as there exist at Quebec abundant facili- ties for loading and discharging, while the communication with Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Toledo, Buffalo, Oswego, the other lake ports, and the cities of the Ohio and Mississippi—the places’ whence the Great Eastern’s return cargoes must be derived—is open and direct’ Chicago alone, in 1856, exported over 3,000,000 quarters of grain, 250,000 barrels of beef and pork, be- sides vast quantities of bacon, lard, hides, wool, &., while in the same year Chicago took 100,000 tons of’ Eng’ lish pig iron, besides hardware, earthenware, woollens, and other British products—all of which went by way of New York to the Erie canal. Here is a grade the profits of which have been hitherto diverted from the St. Lawrence, its natural to New York and % re of Quebec and Montreal, The Erie canal has hitherto drawn by far the greater share of the trafilc of the great Inkes, although that canal is more than six times length of the St. Lawrence canals, and the transit p jonably costly. The Great Eastern may become gf great im- ce in further developing this valui ‘trade in British bottoms and on British railways. The selection of Portland as the port of destination for the Great Eastern is intelligible, Vee the Grand Trunk Railway runs in there, and that the harbor possesses abundant accom- modation; while, during the winter, the choice of it is in- evitable. ’ But it’ has been suggested that the extension of the Grand Trunk to open water in winter below Quebec, by means of a wharf, would enable the Great Eastern at ail times to load and discharge in the St. Lawrence; and this suggestion, coming as it does from one thoroughly acquainted with the traffic of the river and its navigation, is worthy of attentive consideration. Assuming, then, that the directors have decided upon the trade in which, for the present they will employ the Great rn, and have fixed upon her port of destina- tion across the Atlantic, it remains to be seen what place will be selected as her port of departure in this country. For a vessel of the dimensions of the Great Eastern the choice will probably be between Holyhead and Milford. Both are sufficiently eligible in point of accommodation, and both are connected with the interior and the metro- polis by railway. Holyhead has the advantage of being nearer to Liverpool—Milford in having supplies of coal at half price, and a good clear offing, free from most of the dangers of channel navigation. The balance of natural advantages is, we should say, decidedly in favor of Mil- ford; but there may be other considerations which will govern the managers of this great experiment—an expe- riment which may entircly disappoint the hopes of those who look forward to a splendid engineering and commer- cial success, or which may, and we trust will, crown the efforts of the projectors, realise all their expectations and naugurate a hew era in the history of steam navigation. WHAT AN INTELLIGENT PHILADELPHIAN THINKS, ‘TO THR EDITOR OF THE LONDON TELEGRAPH. As all Americans must take the same interest in the success of the Great Eastern steamship as Englishmen, I feel sure that any views or ideas that may emanate from one of the former will not be unacceptable in an under- taking which will redound so much to the enterprise and genius of the jlo-Saxon race. Although I am a Philadelphian, and the citizens of that city are accused of mercantile jealousy towards New York, still every Ame- rican knows that New York is the great centre of trade for the United States, and New York %s the only city that “the Great Eastern should be sent to, if she crosses the Atlantic. Although Portland may baye its advantages as a safe hur. bor, still its great distance from all trade and travel will create so many difficulties in reaching it, that one of the principal sources of making her first’ trip <pay’? will be completely annulled. At the season of the year she would reach New York, that city will ‘be crowded with merchants from’ all sections of the States making their fall purchases, Also with the many Southern familles returning from Northern watering places, besides the immense popula- tion of New York and surrounding cities. Now, if the Great Eastern is open to visiters upon paying a fee while at New York, she would be crowded for at least two weeks, and would reap the benefit of tke immense influx of strangers in New York at that season, which she would not do if sent to that out-of-the-way place Portland. And, moreover, from the central position of New York, with the gaieties of a large city and her immense hotels, thou- sands would avail themselves of an opportunity of making a trip to that gay city in conjunction with a visit to the “big ship.” The amount she would receive from visiters, if'sent to New York, would be no small item, and, I think, should not be overlooked in_ selecting her place’ of destination in the United States. I have been led to ad dress these few lines to you from the spirited offers of Mr. Lever to the company, and the judgment he has shown in selecting New York ‘a8 her destination, as every Ameri- can will agree with him that that city is the only’ one she should go to, instead of to an out-of-the way town. I have crossed the Atlantic upwards of twenty times, and know full well the difficulties of navigation in St. George’s channel and off the Irish coast, and think no safer port could be selected for her departure than Galway, as in a few hours she would be safe on the broad Atlantic with her immense cargo of human beings. Tam, sir, your obedient servant, M. J. Ki Loxvon, August 26, 1859. The Galway Steamship Line. A meeting of the town commissioners of Galway was held in that town on the 26th of August, the Rev. Mr. Daly in the chair. ‘The following letter was read:— New-Castrx-vrow-Trve, August 13, 1899, My Dar Sm—You will be glad to learn that we are makin; [ioeress in the building of the steamers for the Atlantic Royal fail Company; so much so that we are now employing several artists to paint pictures in. oils for the saloons, to ask you to be so obliging as to send me some good drawings of Galway (or the neighborhood), and any other of the many pretty Irish views, as fam desirous that Trish and American scenery should be well represented in these magnifice: loons. They will certainly be amongst the fnestever design and will necommodate at least 200 first class passengers ut di ner at one time. Indeed these vessels, for and x, will surpass any of thelr class, and we have no doubt of at- taining more than the guaranteed speed of 20 miles per hour, The firstvvessel is in frame; the engines and boilers arein @ very for- ward state. The second vessel considerable progress, 80 that we shall be ready in ample time to commence the go- Yarnment contract. Tt will be satisfactory to you to know lint Thave during this week been in communication with a mem. ber of the government on the subject of the subsidy—as I need pot ell you that having so deep an, {ntereat in the company, in shares and building the vessels, I was anxious to lea the feelings of the present government respecting this contract; and Lam glad obe enabled to report to you that I received an assurance that I need not be under the least apprehension of fany attempt to annul the contract. Its, aa you know, binding, and not, as other contracts, subject to the sanction of Parlia: ment. Tfeel, therefore, quite convinced that long before the expiration of the seven years the advantages of the Galway route to America will be ‘so conclasive that © weekly, instead Of a fortnightly service will be required; and T trust {i this we shall have the powerful support of the Irish people. Tam, my dear sir, yours, faithfully, CHARLES Mf. PALMER. To the Rey. Pere Davy, Galway. ‘The Rey. Chairman said that Mr. Palmer was about to call upon the company for the second instalment, and that Mr. Samuelson, of Hull, was about to call for the first in- staiment upon bis vessels. The company intended to call in all the shares which were at present out, and they had given him (the chairman) authority to ll up shares. “He written to seven gentlemen, and he had received seven orders for shares. The chairman said that the people of Ireland should now assist the project by taking shares; if not, they would be taken by English gentlemen. One had offered to take £250,000 in shares, so as he could nominate seven directors out of the eleven. Another had taken £100,000 in shares. There yet remained £120,000 to be imposed of, which he hoped would be speedily taken up in Ireland. oo AD teeta beens of "hoe eaeaee J les—Eiow are our ‘oreign Impo. to be Paid for. » — [From the London Herald, Aug. 30.} Ih some of the recent American advices complaints are made that the importations of European goods into the United States from January to June of the current year have been excessive and dangerous. The New York Herat of the 6th inst, calculates it at more than double that of last year, sixty seven millions of dollars more than in 1868, thirteen more than in 1857; andthe ques- Lion arises how is this to be paid for when the bills given for the goods arrive at maturity in October, November and December? The imports of 1857 were not paid for; panie arose, the banks suapeuded payment, and this monetary disturbance spread tw England and caused Lnow wish i iF iy rative of facts Red convey some 5 z i : i will take a very leading part, published—"On the Nature and Curreney’’—there is no doubt that his party a1 to recommend the extinction of notes and exclusive adop- tion of the precious metals. ‘This we mention incidentally , for our immodiate object is to explain the present system and how it works. As the details somewhat differ in va- Fem States of the federation, we shall select that of Mass- achusetts. Let it be assumed that a bank is about to be started with a capital of $100,000. ‘The law says, “No bank shall go into operation until one-half at least of the capital stock shall havo ‘been paid in gold and silver money, and shall bo in its vaults, and until the said‘money shall havo been examined by three ers appointed by the Governor of the State.” ‘This condition is easily evaded. in the sense in which it was understood by the Legisla- ture. The half of the capital may be borrowed for the occasion; the com 8 may count or weigh it, and then grant permission for the commencement of business; but there is nothing to prevent ita being withdrawn immo- diately on their departure. ‘True it is that @ majority of the directors make a solemn oath, according to law, i 4 “such money has been paid in by thestockholders tow: payment of their respective shares, and not for any other urpose, arid that it ia intended the samo shall remain thore- yey part of said capital.” We should be unwilling to suppose that the oath is ever violated, but Mr. Walker de- clares that the transaction we: have just described is ‘a thing of frequent occurrence.” _ The bullion poten, theres fore, aro at once converted into bubble notes, and in such cases the bank is founded in direct fraud and starts into life as a swindle. By law the bank ig allowed to loan the whole of its capital, and hus this additional privilege, that it may issue as many notes as it , except that it must not exceed its capital in amount by more twen- ty-five per cent. A bank, therefore, with a capital of $100,000 may issue notes to the extent of $125,000. As it is bound to have half of its capital in specie, the intention ‘of the Legislature appears to have been that the ratio of notes to gold should be as five to two, this being deemed a safe proportion. But is this rule observed in practice? Quite the contrary, Mr. Walker refers to a bank in Bristol county, Massachusetts, which, by the returns of 1856, had $64 in bills out for oue dollar in spe- cie; and he mentions anothor in Essex county, the circu- lation of which was as $49 to $1. As these may be con- sidered very extreme cases, it is proper to observe that on the Ist of January, 1856, there was in the United States a paper circulation of about $196,000,000, having $59,000,- 000 of specie for its basis, or three*and a third dollars of paper to one in specie. While confidence was unimpaired this disproportion did not cause alarm, for it was easy to pay while it was easy to borrow. Up tothe 24th of Au- gust, 1857, the monetary channels of the United States were full, ang the flow of circulation noiseless and undis- ‘turbed; credit was sounf; no man distrusted his neighbor ; but on that eventful day the Ohio Life and Trust ui Company, iu New York, stopped payment. The of this single link in the extended chain of credit not only convulsed the United States, but Europe. “1 promise to pay’ was waste paper. Those who had gold and were not indebted, locked it up in strong boxes, and thus the crisis was aggravated. It was calculated by the New York Hxrarp that in 1857 the United States exported to Kut sixty-nine millions of dollars in specie, the measure of the excess of their imports, ‘‘ which created a depreciation in -operty, probably of five hundred millions, and certain- Ff) coused the failure of about Sve, thousend firms, owing about three hundred millions, of which probably one hun- dred and fifty millions was never collected by the credit- ors.” Uf secrnings and precedens have not lost all their value, such a lesson teach caution. There are about 1,300 banks inthe United States, all competing for high dividends, which are only to be ob- tained by a large circulation... All sorts of devices are adopted to secure this end. One of the favorite plans ig for banks in the East to lend notes to persons going West to purchase produce, as they are long in returning; but there is another method, probably never practised fs this country, which Mr. Walker thus describes:—“A. receives of a bank 10,000 dollars of its bills, and gives his note for the same with interest, and binds himself to keep that amount of bills constantly in circulation for a given time. This is effected by having the bills ‘marked’—that is, stamped with the initials of A’s name, or some figure agreed upon, and, as fast as these bills are returned to the bank A. is obliged to redeem them with money.’” However, all do not resort to such tricks, nevertheless the primary object of banking in Ame- rica is profit to the shareholders rather than the sup- port of legitimate business, and hence the constant tendency to extend the circulation far beyond the metallic guarantee. Mr. Walker mentions the case of a bank in Massachusetts, conducted by a gentleman of distinction and character, the circulation of which, as stated in offi- cial returns on the 4th July, 1857, was $420,717, while the specie in its vaults was only $0,229. When ‘the panic broke out contraction was an imperative necessity, and it was driven to retire its notes to the extent of $265,054, or 63 per cent of its circulation, in Iéss than four months, and most of it in less than six weeks; by which prompti- tude it saved itself and ruined its customers, who were suddenly deprived of the accommodation on which they had depended for conducting their business. This bank is an apt illustration of the inverted pyramid, a narrow basis pretending to sustain a colossal superstructure. All others Were conducted on the same want of principle; they had to withdraw.their notes, and industry was prostrated, while the stores were full of property, in the form of imported Europoan ‘goods, and the ‘crops un- usually abundant; but gold was wanting in which the Promises to pay were redeemable. Such, in a broad view, is the character of a mixed currency, ‘partly gold, partly paper. While the law requires that the ratio notes to specie should be as five to two, that limit is far exceeded, and those who are about to demand the reform to which we have alluded, insist that in future the circu- lation shall be purely metallic. In no other contrivance do they recognise security. They argue that no discree tionary power ought to be conceeded. By this plan alone they consider that imports can be restricted, and Euro- pean indebtedness be avoided; while they believe that it would afford effective. protection to native manufactures. How a customs revenue is to be raised, or what is to be Substituted for it, are matters into. which these reformers do ‘not enter. The New Banking Society of Russia. ‘From the London Times, August 31. The official St. Petersburg Journal has published the statutes of the new Russian Commercial and Banking So- ciety, reeently authorized. The concession is for Atty years, and the period can be prolonged with the consent of the government. The company is to have all the priv- ileges of a merchant of the first guild, and the power to trade, possess ships, stores, factories and all kinds of in- dustrial establishments except distilleries; to carry on all banking and exchange operations, assurance business, contracts for government for works, &c. According to its capital and connections the company is to assist the financial operations of the government and the industrial activity of the country generally. Immovable property may be held, but not to a greater amount than a tenth of the paid up capital. The same limitation is also adopted with regard to the purchase of magchandise, The sum invested in public funds or shares is not to exceed @ fifth of the total paid up. Other rules are likewise Inid down with the object of keeping the business of the undertaking in safe channels. The capital is to be £8,000,000, in £20 shares, which will be issued gradually from time to time. The concessionaires, however, engage that within a year a fourth at least of the capital shall be subscribed; when operations will be at once commenced. The administration of the affairs of the society rests with five directors, of whom two must be Russians, with an administrative council of fifteen. An abstract of the accounts will be published annually. ‘The Minister of Finance appoints a commissioner, who is to attend the general meetings of the shareholders and those of the administrative council. He can examine the minutes of the directors and all agreements concluded by them, verify the cash, and assist in making out the balance sheet. If he discover any infringement of the statutes he is to point it out to the directors or administra- tive council, and in case of his remonstrances being neglected, or of a difference of opinion, reference can bo had to the Minister of Finance, with whom rests the final decision. He will also present with each balange sheet a general summary of the position of the company’s affairs. The remainder of the statutes, which extend over two sides of the St. Petersburg Journal, refer to minor points of detail. English Opinion of the Frigate General Admiral. (From the London Times, August 26.) This ship, now anchored at the Motherbank, and form- ing one of the squadron in attendance upon his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine, was built in Ame- rica for the Russian government, from’ the design of the late Mr. Webb (Mr. William H. Webb, the builder of the frigate General Admiral, is still alive, and well prepared to build as many superior war vessels, of any size, a3 the foreign governments may order. After completing the General Admiral, Mr. W. went out in her as a passen- ger to Russia. Mr. Webb did not build the yacht Ame- rica or the United States frigate Niagara.—Ep. Herato], the builder of the celebrated yacht America and the fri: gate Niagara, of which latter vessel she is stated to be an improved copy. @ General Admiral différs from the Niagara inas- much as the latter only carried, or is intended to carry, a few guns of great size and calibre, while the former is plereed to carry 72 guns, and has actually 62 mounted on board. The first impression, on viewing the ship at a distance of three or four miles, with her huge black hull, her upright stem and cutwater, bare of head knee or other ornament than a_ slender double-headed eagle placed close up under the bowsprit, and doing duty for a figure head, and her elliptic stern without quarter galleries or moulding—the first impression all this creates on the mind is, that you see one of the huge cotton. ships which are at times seen at Liverpool loaded with the,produce of the cotton plantations of the Southern States, As you, however, approach nearer to her, you discover her double row of ports (which appear to be very close together) in two long lines; but it is only when close to the ship that the eye can take in her noble pro- portians, the fofty side, the beautiful formation of her w, which, though rather naked-looking, from the ab- sence of head, knee-raile, &c., yet for that very reason is free from all superfluous weight—all for use, and nothing for ornament’’—and is evidently suited to enable the ship to render a good account of herself when steam- ing in the teeth of a gale in mid ocean. On ascending the vessel's side and stepping down from her bulwarks to her. |. upper deck the visiter is struck with a feeling of a “want room;” the deck—with the guns in the gangways, a cabin buift on deck amidships and other matters—has a crowded: appearance notwithstanding the ship’s great size, and you do not get any clear view of hor quarter deck battery, for although she carries guns along the whole length of her deck, they do not show themselves with any effect. i¢@ most prominent objects on this deck are the two Dahlgren _ pivot guns, one forward and the other aft; théy are of 10% inch bore, and weigh each about 15,400 lbs. Ruglish; the carriages are made of mahogany, and both gun and car- riage, with the metal work attached, are finished tn a very superior + these eempaignia of tho ship. ‘The on this consists of 22 inches bore, mounted on (ae et, sales 0 thn fea with base 9 and capstan, the latter fitted Brown's patent, ‘fewe.of Prenola’ pate 1ifo- ie nent aan omer when by the abodes faished inddes ‘tho: same feeling of a crowded deck strikes the observer, and YOU ognin vhian that splendid: sweep. Of the. ship's’ bat- tery of guns, fore and aft, forms 80 promi- <s On this ‘dock nr eg Bh oe] agp cen eg od Sepounders for bow gens. her Moat t aghia of the guus arp fied contrariise tothe English‘ method. Each tee th vance, ‘when , gives it @ strange & wi {Se eomainent position Bosh mattors coouby in as gee aie He iMiendti i ei i engines we did not visit, fs Gro of 880 horse power, aud of the ship was 121; knots. Her diculars was also stated, in answer to 325 feet, or 25 feet longer than the between decks we found to be 6 feet 4 it from the under part of the beams ‘metal stanchions on her main deck are heads for raising or Sone the deck. ‘The height of her midship port from edge of the ris 9 feet 6 inches, water’s edge 2 fect 8 inches; in all 12 feet 2 taking into calculation the small amount on board, and ten guns short of her complement most likely, when she has all her on from the her midship ports quite 10 feet 6 inches 3 our visit to the General ears wo 4 i i d i & Ff z # i z Be: 3E Asa summary may remark that it appeared to us that her bow, with its bold sheer, and lofty as that of a line-of- tlo ship, her plain serviceable stern, with quarters wel out of the water, and her fine run, giving free of the water to her screw, offered so man} i I i i iH reference to the formation sels. Inboard the com went and the General Admiral’s upper and main appeared crowded with “notions,” offered contrast to the Mersey’s,with her splendid and ten inch guns. ie utmost courtesy is officers of the ship in conducting stranj giving them every information; and ‘state that our guide informed us that but a short time in their hands, and in that order it vain Thcipsstes she ee AS we were away from ip sion of our visit, the Mersey came down from Spithead, and passed close round the ral, when again the vision of the ‘“ huge Hale Hi 3 i E 3 i g i . g E E i E 4 ei hi 3 it tl i Decame manifest to the mind, the Mersey imy derfully in appearance as a man-of-war proximity became to her dark rival. Garibaldi’s Reception in Parma. A letter from Parma gives some details of General Ga- Tibaldi’s reception in that city:— The people and the National Guard him at the railway station; the crowd was excited to such a degree that they took the horses from his carriage, and drew him in ‘triumph from street to street ‘through the town, amid showers of bouquets; and, not this, on reaching his hotel he was com| the from the balcony, which he “After this demonstration, say, is it fugitive princes can ever return?” ‘No, it is impossi- ble!” was the fren og ig 9 «weil then,” added they dare aiompt te condign you aga to sorvitodsy wo they dare attempt to you shall know how to defend ourselves to the last gasp.’ We ask no favors from any quarter, we only want our rights like other nations, and with the help of Heaven we wilt haye them at any cost, since diplomacy is endeavoring te deprive us of them. i é i 5 Sunday Bands in the London Parks. {From the London Chronicle, August 31. In this changeable climate of ours it is a notable fact that for eleven Sundays the bands have played without interruption from rain. The bands still continue to please large audiences; last Sunday’s Fe. iar satisfaction; however, the Bunday’ bands. lige hoc things, must give way to’ time, and the rapid shortening of the days has warned the committee that the usual time for closing has arrived. Accordingly they have issued the following notice» CLOSE OF THE SEASON. The final performance this season will take place om Sunday next, September 4 foreinen permitting), on which occasion the band will play for three hours—name- ly, from four to seven o'clock P.M. ‘The music will com Prise a large selection of favorite pieces, and the commit tee confidently appeal to. their numerous friends to pro- mote the sale of the programmes, and thus bring the fourth season of the “People’s Subscription Bands’ to a successful termination. Comore Room, Usiversrry Horst, Grafton street, Mon- day, August 29. Death of the mia pls of Madge Wtid- ire. % da eaiass Prom hey eae Advertiser.) ey ‘unday, August 28, intelligence was by lashicls that an old woman of weak mind, the people of Galashiels and Melrose men:—as'Biack Bess, Bet Gramsley, lying in a dying state on the road ‘The county Fad with medical as Ce, move the suffering woman, who had laid but she yielded up her breath just ag roached: The body was conveyed to th poe and Patra is interred in the strange! ope burying ground. 13. i Graham was the Tinto beauty, alle’ and douse of and its neighborhood, respectably brought health mantling on her cheek, and guilel nocence in her heart. Returning , with in- home one evening, she was set upon in the gloomy solitude of the Burn, and there ruined. She returned home, or rather she immediately forsook the ordinary haunts of man, hav- ing become a raving maniac, and henceforth she dwelt apart, living alone among, but not a responsible portion of, humanity. The outward form of what had once been a gay and happy gir! took up its dwelling ina rude cave in the old Quarry Hill of Melrose. re she slept at night, in summer and winter, wrapped up in a blanket, save when for some wild and woeful weeks after the birth of her dead child, when she followed it to the churchyard, and would not be driven away, but slept among the tombstones to watch its grave, It was from this unfortunate waif that Sir Walter Scott drew the char- acter of Madge Wildfire, in the “Heart of Mid-Lothian.’” ‘The particulars of | case were quite well known to him, residing in t borhood; and the reader will ob- serve that there is ing coincidence between the reat facts as we have briefly detailed them, and the incidents in me novel as depicted by the pen of the author of Wa- verley. Lloyd’s London Ocean . There was Page at Lloyd’s on by permission of the committee, a new code of le graphs for the ocean marine service, invented and eet: ed by Mr. William H. Ward, of America, by the adoption ofwhich on board the Cunard line of Steamers and the lighthouses on Cape Race, Newfoundland, and Cape Clear, Ireland, news to and from America and England will bo obtained in the reduced space of five days, as thus:— A steamer leaving New York on a Wednesday arrives off the Cape Race lighthouse on the Sunday following, and receives from it the telegraph summary of news trom New York of the previous day Fatatdoy She makes the run from thence to the Cape Clear light in five days— namely, on the Friday following—and communicates the news she received at Cape Race, which is then transmitted to Liverpool and all parts of Europe. The means by which this great advadce in our communication to and from America is attainable consists in a remarkably simple and most efficient apparatus, in the shape of five lights in the form of a diamond or cross, reflected through powerful reflectors, observable at a distance of five to ten. miles. It is by the number of combinations obtained that messages are despatched, and so simple and easy is the whole affair that a boy can attai mastery of it in half an hour, These lights are for ight telegraphing. Mr. Ward also exhibited a new shape of flags for day signals, 80 perfect in their operations that they must supersede those now in use. ey are in the shapo of an acute angle, or three-cornered, elongated at one end, and in con- sequence of which, while in a breeze, they float out clear and distinct. They also in a dead calm fall, or hang sus- pended, in a way which at once denotes their number, and consequently there is no difficulty as at present by the flags in use deciphering their character, and consequently there is no delay in communicating signals between ships or points on land. A fen int ets hee the mercantile marine these two systems legraphic signals will proy: tuveful and advantageous’ rial Telegraph. Sunday, aut 20, The Spanish Government and the Slave Question. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON TIMES. Si—The Spanish government are so often censured for their conduct with regard to slavery, that it would seem but fair to give them the benefit of any act of theirs in the right direction. I therefore enclose a translation of a decree published in the Madrid Gazette of the 22d inst., re- lating to the slave question in Fernando Po, the new Spa- nish settlement in the Gulf of Guinea, which, if you deem. it of sufficient interest, I should be glad to see in your haere enclose my card, and remain respectfull; P83. Toxpoy, Angust 36, 1859. ‘A SPANIARD. In reference to your communication dated the 90th of June last, in which you explain the petition of the Govern or of the Portuguese islands of Santo Tome and Principe, claiming some fugitive slaves (bel certain mor~ Py of those islands) pated hicton de oon formandar Considering that the right. of property in can Considering that in all countries where slavery is not recognised all hi men, whatever class they belong to, and Considering that the validity of the ‘on which this petition is based not being admitted the petition cannot bo taken into consideration; é Cansidering, lastly, that in Foruando Po aud. ita depea~