The New York Herald Newspaper, September 4, 1859, Page 3

net ‘i i 53% rite iret Hi oft the jary wou! Lie aby bios 2 ee eer ereatibe ace, tie renal f routing asd alsbough such herigence wee Bieta ain ‘alll the jory wes the proper authority to weigh the value ar eaut cecmneny, and oramaer bow aa Seaghs to'ween agninet tat given bY ‘witnesses wbo saw the patient while and ‘bad the opportunity of personally ob: ving ali the sympioms that manifested ves. bip them observed upon ihe fact that oue of the ‘witnesses, Who Wescalied om bebalf of the prisover for the Fe An &* i i 3 : i vt ie E bits leis tf i lr it i E H i H i [ iz 3 & F E i 2 f | ? 28 uit lif ete i it it E F { i | EE i 8 i E ii* as } il B. E i & i EF : 3E iA 17 ose; : 2 s oe 7 5 SF BS a 5 38 ai E i 3 Ui ne i Ll & nif y i 5 f H a : [ i upon their deliberate judgment, ‘with both the learned counsel in the prayer that the Alm’ghty searober of all hearts Shem to a just and safe conclusion. 1d Judge was occupied bearers he lA ani in summing up, and be con: a oclock. Mr. Suatice Willig came into the learned Judge by reading some of She documents. ‘THR PRISONER MAKES A STATEMENT. The seisnaer, Jom as the jury were about to retire, said Be wi to be alowed to make afew remarks in exoin some matiers thas have been referred to by ue his address. aad be could mot permit him ust communicate t0 his counsel what on that all he wished to state was, that be was arrested he communicated to all the particulars connected with his whh the deceased lady, and the circumstances itoh i took place. CONBULTATION OF THE JURY—THE VERDICT. Tesired at ten minutes to four o’clock to delibe. Tuey returned invo court exact- jury were then called over by Mr. Clerk of Arraigns, and he then in bad agreed upon verdict. deep and anxious tone, replied, it our painful auty to say that the she senior usher of the Court, then made for silence while sentence was or Was seked in the usual wo i ib oF 7 4 Sag Way, Senge! ttt a i i s, 32 3 i te ly i ! ¥ HH ee 5 4 gely He tte ei i 4 rr ite vy EEE hay if i Ez ie quite pulled a the tone of voice, and which was nearly five least emotion. } i ies H 5 z 1H F her when my wife was Samaceet very respect at voprsneh, asl wp Contract a legal marriage after the death of my wife, old, and who could not in pected to live many Fey PH iis Hey it Flr He ifr al k t Fy li as 5 ral Hi 8 Es i Sa a au ae E i a sg 4 3 g Hg 4 24 £° i not to near the amount; and if I could Wed the re payment of the mortgage it would ded more than £600 at the ouiside. It has Twas practicing as a medical man, but it is I have left the medical profession soveral \d since then have lived independent with my wife, our time in travel about, I declare jas aware of the iment that existed ‘Mies Bankes, and that it was arranged trouble me or make any inquirics FrEEEENS Heiser a tar i i} a 5 Ss HE a to my wife that was found I can say is that I have written y week since we bave been . Daring ‘Miss Bankes’ linees 1 was aiways anxious to bave ad- ‘ditional medical advice, and I declare before God that it ‘Was myself who advised that Dr. Todd should be sent for. ‘The doctors deceived me with regard to the state of the lady, and they always said that she would recover. Dr. Yodd had no opportunity of examining the state of the Iscy, for he wag not in ber bedroom more than four or five minutes, and as to the extraordinary expression of ‘countenance that he has spoken of, it was very likely ‘occasioned by the poor lady scelog three men, one of doctor, in her bedroom. With regard to the finding i 4 i re i Hy 5 se re half a grain of arseaic in the motion, alll ap eay is, that sno had {ifieem motions on that day,and Mf there was nearly haif a grain in that one evacuation, there must have beer at least four grains of puro arseuic Im her vody, and yet none whatever was discoverad. It hae been ed sgeinst me, that m0 one kuew what be- came ‘ofthe food that was not consumed by the patient, ‘The fact is, thas 1 used to oat what she left. I watted ‘upon her with the utmost affection and a'tended to all her ‘wants, and I jost ay cea ‘tn weight during my attend- ‘ance on her illnest. (The prisover here went on at cou- siderabie jcpgth to reier w the proceedings of Dr. Julius and Mr. Bird, and to their treatment of the deceased.) Be then proveeced—I ceny entirely that there was aay weoresy or concealment. fhe bedroom door at both the Joogivgs was constantly open, and the landiady or soy One else could see what was going on in the room, wides this, 1 used to go out six days out of toven, and I always wont two or toreo miles to post my letters, be. eacse I did not wish the pie of Richmond to see who ‘they were addretsed to. | deciare most solemnly, before also, thot I never desirea to prevent Miss’ Louisa Bankes from seeing her sister, and as to my supposed mo- tive for commiiting the offence being to get the decease1’s money, I could baye bad that atany time. She gave mener d@ivicend; and sbe bad such confidence and affection for me ‘What sf Thad aeked her for :he money ehe would have let me Bave it immediately. Besides this, I had no want of money. Thao £460 in my posnession besides the amount at my Dapkers, when I was teken jato custody. I algo wish to mate with regard to my wife that I had no proporty with her, and that we buve lived together happily for a great many years, travelling about and living ia Paris and also at different places in Germany, Ihavealways acted ho- moravly and paid everybody, and although By conduct ‘bas been raked up for thirty years, nothing has been found out against me, and this singular charge would never have ‘deen made but for the ill feeling that Or. Julius entertains towards me. All I have stated is true before God, Wnen ‘Twas arreated the magistrate told me !t would be be:ter for me not to interfere with the deceased in her treatmoat, and when I got home I found that Dr. Julius had provided Batrange nurse, and I said thet as be had done so he ‘might take the responsibility, and he might pay her, for 1 abould nut do to. PASSING SENTENCE. The Lord Chief Beron then addreseed the prisoner in ‘the following terms:—Thomas Smethurat, you naye been found guilty of the murder of Isabella Gankes, with whom ju unCerwent the ceremony of marriage on the 12:h of ber last, and with whom you lived until the 2d of May, when you were apprehended on the charge of ad. ministering poison to her You were dismissed from that wharge, but she died on the following morning, and you ‘Were tBen taken into custody upon tne charge of having ed her. You have had the benefit of a nttrial, and of the most able advocacy, and ‘the jary have found themselves compelled to bring ina Sek Se Sullty sgainat you; and I feel that it would be for any one, considering the evidence against you and the evidence fo solemn duty that je cast upon me, jou are : Pana aan hat you sigter of this unh from eoming to visit her, and that she was frequenuy for haif an bour alove, These stavements are Pesiiively contradicted by your own two letwrs, in which you stave shat the medical men who were in attendance had ‘expronsly fordace Miss Louima Sanxos from visiting her sis. Jer Op account Of the excitement it occasioned her. One of here modical men positively denies over having aaid any- thing Mf the fort, and che other rays that he moroly stated in reply $0 Your OwD representorion that itexcited the eceas. ed. thst if that woretne case ber sistor had better not visit ber, It ts nravifest that you did Keep Miss Loulsa Bankes from seeing hes sister upon the pretence that {t would ox cite ber, while at he very same moment you introduced A strange sitorney into hoy dying chambor that she might Was reqoired, and most Would not do to.” ‘This observation Jeaat emotion, and when the Lord Chief Baron bad cluded, he exclaimed in a firm voice, “I declare Dr. Ja- Iu to be my murderer. I declare I am inaecent before ‘isover was thon removed from the dock. ‘The ‘Chief Baron then addressed the jury, and said he bad great Beeenrate digcharging them from furtner stencanos. Ho at the same time expressed his regret for the inconvenience to which they had been subjected, but at the same time he could not belpexpressing his opinion ‘that the aboriffs had done everything in their power to reduce the incoo venience ag moch as posible ‘Thas euded the proceedings of thie extraordinary trial, Editors and Offices. from the Brooklyn Times, August 27.) ‘The Tri y Whether in jest or earnest it ie difficult to sey, Suggests the name of Mr. Bennett, editor of the Brraip, for Mayor of New York Oity, and in repseved articles advocates hte momination by the democratic party. The Henin, blushingly acknowledging the compil- ment to its chief, retorts by sugges! Mr. Greeley for Governor of the Siate. Some of our contemporaries, we observe, bighty approve these suggestions, parity from the idea thateditors have a preacripiive right to efilce, from the part which they perform m helping otper poopie into positions, snd from the conviction that a man who could conduct a mewspsper weil would havo braios enongh to discharge the functions of any executive or legislative office which might be conferred upon bin We should very much regret, however, to see Mr. Bennett, Mr, Gree'ey, or any other active, able editor place’ in aoy public office. A reaily g002 editor can be more useful In bis voostion then in any public office—-he oan wield a greater power for im the Haracp or Tridune than in ‘he mayoralty chair. But this is not the main reason way ‘we sbould regret to see ether of these gentiemen a office. Our notion ia that the editorial provession resembies, {mu meanure, that of the clorgy. As the latter separates: Dimself from ordinary business acd dedicates his taouities {© the consideration of bigher topics, 80 an editor in order to discharge his Juty bonestiy and uobiassedly ag a com mentator on public men aad mosscres, must oe wholly digintoreated in his relations to them. ‘Toe moment that the editor becomes personally associated with any line of official conduct, bis paper ts muzsied with regard to its duties ss a public cepsor and critic. Ifan editor desires hia jourpal to-be veeful and ite inflaence potential, he must be like Catar’s wife, above the reach of suspicion. If any one wants to see how usterly a journel ia debased aad vitlated by the office seeking propensities of its owner or editor, Jet him look io the oae case to the New York Daily News, and in the other to the Sunday Atlas. Bosring in mind the relation of Ex-Mayor Wooi to the one, and of £x-Alderman Herrick to the other, he wit] see how the persons! aspirations and associaggana of the man inspire ‘tue paper to say something fals6,to suppress something true; to quality, to adulterate, to trim and fashion its news and its opiniovs, so that nothing be said which can dam- bel cade dd party prospects of the office seekiag conductor, No man who bas a bona fide love for the editorial pro- fession—without which no man should embark in it—but would think himse!f lowered by transference toa petty office of uncertain tenure. The moment thata men has resoived to effect this exchange he will prostituve all the influence of bis jouraa) to the accomplishment of his politi- calaims. He will flatter where he should censure, over- Jook what be should acratinizs, and denounce what in his conscience he approves, ali for the sake of obtainin; good will of this delegate, or averting the hostility of that caucus me! 5 office secking editor is an imposit en the pndlic By the act of conducting a interested oritic, with no ends to grind, Sunday Amusements in New Orleans. [from the New Orleans Bee, August 23.) A WHITE LADY CHAGTISES A FREE NEGEO. ‘One of the boldest and sumption on the part of the pce Oe BES bas ever occurred in this city was ja a summary Manner on Sunday morning. The of the offender, in his own house on Daupnin street, created On Friday evening an old negro woman came to the residence of s highly respectable jady in the Third dis. trict, who is married tos gentiemaa in the river trade and has ason sixteen years of age. The iady was on the front stoop, and the old hag handed her a note and then hobbled off. The following ia a copy of the missive verbatim et literatim:— Mapioee—T ought to Depa tte note wa bogie very lie fat Dame—Io u ve let: terby teling you wauch nbd sloce when {vove you Old Me- rayothe Uarrier of this note is in such a hurry to go to her ork that abe would not give me the time to write more than a tow Sines. you Cae oo th to acoord mea Hendes cous I wil have the aappines of telling you loudly more than this note will. Think the poor g man that wishes 40 bad to see you and do not have of refusing ‘what will make me the let man in If you ac cede to my reques the Betore the lady had more than half perused it, she tore it into frag ts, and entering the house, told hor hus. ‘band of the circumstance. He immediately went out and icked up the pieces and then pasted them together. Trey could neither of them imagine who the person was ‘that had been guilty of so daring an insult, but the hus- band was determincd to ferret the author out end have revenge upon him, and to this purpose cautioned his wife to control ner feciings of indignation and endeavor to learn from the old negro woman who sent her. Tos old hag came again on Saturday ovening, and told the Jady her master was dying to sce ber. On being questioned, she suid she could not remember his name, or the name of the street in which be lived, but that she could lead any one to the house. The lady deepatred of tracing out the name and resi. donce of her insulter, excopt by following the negro women, and £0 she procured a strong cowbide and tung it ingide of ber skirt, 80 that she could draw it out easily from her pocket. She then determined that the noxttime the old bag called she would go with her and deal her re venge with her own hand. We might here remark that the lady is able to put covsiderable force into the stroke of » cowhide, particularly when inspired by the determi. nation which this loguiting letter called forth. ‘About eight o’clock on Sunday morning she observed the old negro woman wa)king paal the house on the oppo aite #ide of the street. Hastily putting on her vonnat, she told her huaband and son of her plan, and requested them to follow her bt a distance, and then going out, s2¢ mo tioned to the old hag to lead the way. They went up Dauphin street, the hag hobbiing along in great apparent glee, little thinking of the nature of the “rendez yous’ her master wasto bave, When between Saplanade and Barracks street, the old woman pointed ‘o a matatto sitting on a stoop opposite, aod wold the lady that was hor master. This was a sree man of color nemod Adolphe La croix, who js quite wealthy, sudowns the old slave wo man whom be seat on his ssandsiougerranda He lives in great style cn Dauphin strost, aad bis ingolenye hes olten before brought him into trouble, he Raving, ongome occasions, attempted to pass himself off asa white man, The lady immediately crossed over, and taking tue lotier from her pocket, said, * Did you write thia?? ‘fae fellow ingtantly stood up and answered with acool and cious emile, “Ah! yes, that is my letter; walk in, dear.”? ‘You did, you did,” sald the lady as she re- jaced the letter in her pocket to get hold of hor cow ide, Yes, he returned, in the same emiling manner, ‘walk Into my room, my dear.” At that instant the cowbide flourished in the air, antes the lady exclaimed with guffused face and flaehing eyes, “bere is your re ceipt then |? Ib came down acrocs his fare with terrible effect. Three times more did it descend upon his boad and face, when her husband apd son came running ap. Atthe rear of the yard there was co about nine fect bigh, and with a bound the negro gained ths top of it, when the husband picked up a vottle and etruck him on the head with such force the fellow fell back. He then retreated bebind the cistern, from which ne was driven by a brickbat which banged ageinat bie eknil Ruebipg ont, the gon struck bim witha stone, and ashe Gashed through the ball out into the atreot the Indy cat him across the face with her cowhide, Lacroix darted across the street into a corcer grocery and the husband and fon were seized by several citizens. They then agreed to desiat from any further violence and rejurned home with the iad; Saratoga Sramos—Cioss or toe Skason— The sesgon at Sarstoga is drewing tom close. The soason has been an exceedingly prosperous one, The Saratogian rays ‘The visitation largely exceeds that of any previous year. From June 20 to this date isclusive—a period of 73 days— the arrivals published in this paper foot up as follows:— Congress Hall........ 4,339 United Staies Hotel. 4,412 Union Halt. + 3,965 Columbian Hotel... + 1,155 American Hotel + 1,101 Smith’s Hotel, + 602 Marvin Houeo.. Excbapge Hotel Commercial fete! All others, Total The pr ring Period last yoar was 18 467—showing an increase of 4,517, OF about 26 per cent. Chis will do for a single year. When we add to the published arrivais the thousands entertained at private boarding houses, and at the botela to June and fe in the aggregate for the searon will doubtless Be as bigh @ Sgare ae 86,000, It ts by such exhibits iy ere enabled to prove that there (# but ane Saratoga, pact Shes it ie the’ Wateung piace of America. QUR CANALS AND OUR RAILROADS. aro beer fully admit that both Clinvon thd. Wesbregton per: formed good service We endorse their wisdom, their os wncity, apd superior judgment; bat pray to be ex- rueed rendering homage to all the successors of the renviy animated by the same noble im Ho zeal; 80, elso, do we crave pardon if ‘to extol the prudence and sound judgment of svery individual who seis eg cape! msn ‘Waed pgton wan ® good man for to @)}; 20 wap Ciintor, We venerate both, for ‘led \heir reepective missions with immense credit. It *hoold be the smoition of those who have of she ovblie affaus to-day to. jarm the responsible duties vnat Dave been assigned to them in the same creditable manner. Tne Erie canal was @ noble work as originally construct ed. The iden of uniting by water communication the \deon river with tne great lakes—the latter encircied by ide extent of territory of wosurpaas-d fertiity—was ® id One. The Stave of New York is entitied to gros. ‘oredst for epgeging tn tue enterprise, apd for prosecawng Wto the completion of a chspnel The project wasea trely practicavie, aa time and experience have ful meopsirated. lis execution wae very rly un fy the Grate, because individuals bad not the requishe ‘oppital to engege in #0 costiy au enterprise. fhe invest ments made were judirieus tavesimenta; real estate ra pidty advanced on the jine of the caval, ana prodoce raved fn portions of the West commanded prizce approximating thone realized in the Eastern markets. And not only no, but the State obtaineé @ great portion of tne carrying trace between the Atiantic cities and the Western couatry, while numerous persons found eroployment vpon the Nor do we complain of the opening of the jateral canals have not enterprises apparently, they Fesiaing ia their neigh borhood by imcreasing the prive of their farme ‘and products. Beside, they have served as triduteries to tbe main artery, and in some cases contrivuted Jargely to nues derived therefrom. Possibly some of them not bave been constructed; if 80, 80 we x press no opinion upon the point. Nor do wo pretend to Judge of the propriety of the enlargement of the Erie and Otper canals. [0 » certain extent their enlargement may @ been demanded by the wants of commerce, and therefore by the true interests of uno State The inquiry wo cesire to raise is: whether the State nas dene ar mucD, in the way of butloing ant enlarging canaia, na ought to be dove, in view of their business mad the financial condition of the State? The State is ceeply in voived, apa during the jast your has been greatty em Sar. ratsed—st least it bas been short of funds applicabie to the enlargement, and drafts have been given 10 contrac tore ana others which bave not only been honored and paid, but the question is 10 be submisted to the peogle at the ensuing election, whether or not they will au thorise @ loan of $2,500,000 for the payment of ‘nese drafts and the forther prosecution of the enlargoment. Assuming tnat they wik decide it in the sffirmative—and we consider it far from velpg certam that they will so decide it; but for the issue pre |, 40 wit: repudiasion or a , wo should be imciined to think the loan would be voiea down—we asy, assuming that the people will vote the loan, bow is the enjargement to be completed? Tae State will have litle or no mosey applicable to that object, and the work must be continued, if ountinued it shall be, by s system of direct taxation. Toree quarters of a million are ‘to be raised this year for tue prosecution of the pablic works; bext yesr a like amount will be required, and #9 on od infinitum, until the um of about $5,000,000 shall have bees realized; for that amount, or something like it, will be needed, according to the recent estimates. The Present indebtedness of the State (including tee floatin, debt) is between $35,000,000 and $40,000,000, an $5,C00,000 are required to complete the enlargement, the inst to be raised by taxation or borrowing. Now, it is necessary that the should be completed. fhe works which it is proposed to enlarge, we believe, have six feet of water the soeson: is it important that another foot and grester width be added? Will 1s be sound poricy to expend more money vpon the golargemmens ? Do the wants of commerce require it? fe make these inquiries not as party men, for we have to do with politics, Dut as men interested in the commercial and pecuniary welfare of the State. We will first look at the business of Dg portof the Auditor of the Canal Department, to the Legislature in separ 1859, Depitare on the ae cending and descending, and the ameuns of tolls collected, ‘The inrgest tonnage appears to hai st bene to Fercats 3 ‘or 682,650 more than in 1858. Since the former date, tolls have been materially reduced; rows: former year. Bat, upon the whole, the business of the canals igtending downwards. We propose in this article to glance at eome of the causes, and indicate the policy which ought to be pursued in view of the circumstances of the case and the facts before ue, We consider it » matter of extreme doubt whether the Dusipesa of the canais will ever agam reach the it touched in 1853, except the tolls should be greatly reduced op wholly removed; and in that cate it may never do. In the first place, it must be borne in mind that several chan- nels of communication between the Wostern and the Eastern cities have been opened during the iast six years, owned and controlled by parties who are quite willing to do the business done upon our canals as are the canals themeeives, or those engaged in forwarding goods by, them, A railroad communi. cation bas been completed between phia and Chica; by which the distance between New ‘York and jicago bas been reduced to 911 miles, or 46 mojles below that of any ether raiiroad route, Paila- deiphia is 184 miles nearer Chicago than New York. Bal- timore 18 15 miles nearer Chicago then New York. The St. Lawrence river, by the help of several canals along its margin, furniehes an outlet to Western commerce. Then we have the Ogdenburg Railroad, finished something more than six years ago. distributing the products of the ‘West through a coneiderable portion of the New Eagiard States by meang of their railroads with the Ogdensburg. The Rome and Watertown Ratirosd, con- neoting with the river §3t. Lawrence at Ospo Vincent, is 2 competitor for the Canadian and Western trade, ana do- \ing wlarge and remanerative business. The cams may De said of the Oswego end Syracuse Railroad, which con. nects not only with the New York Centrai at the laiter point, but with the syracuse and Binghamtoa road, which Jast iateraecta the Erie road at Blogbamton, and thence communicates with Northern Pennsylvania by means of the Pennsy!venis railroads sn4Zanala, Nor have we referred to ihe New York Central and Eric roade, the two great competitors for the trade of the West, which, though mentioned last im order,are far from being least in their influence and potency. Toese roads bave been built several years, are thoroughly equipped, prepared for, and are doivga heavy business, waich, ore they out of the way, would bo done upon tne canal. Now all theseavenues have come into existence since construction of the Erie canal, and they are compeiitors for the business it was built todo, Without doubt they are fermidabie rivals of the caval. Without coubdt they are diverting trade from it, and destined to divert still more of it hereafter. It is natural and proper that they should do it, It isa result tnat might reasonably have been anticipated. Individuals who have obtained from legislatures acts incorporating railroad companies, have done it in the expectation of making money out of them, and thore who heve subscribed for the stock have been governed by similar considerations, They have expected they would ia some way prove roemunerative. The primary object in most cases has been tofarnish an easy and rapid mode of travel to those who might desire con veyanoe from one point to another, but a second and cqually imporiant one has been the accommodation of the public in the matter of conveylog producta to, and mer- cbandise from market. Commerce consists in the ex cbange of productions of various kinds, and conveyances are required to move those productions to points where they will be in demand and saleable, Such conveyances are our railroads, such ourcanals. They are both use. fal im their way, both needed for the purpo-es to which they are applied, and both promotive of the prosperity of the country. That there would be compatition bs- tween them was to have been expected. It ought to sur. prise no one that a railroad and canal, ruoning paral to each other, sheuld be competitors for the same buti- nese. We are not all gurpriged that the railrozd lines in ope- ration should compete with the canals and affect their topnage and revenues. Woon the main channel between ae. and Buffalo was opened, it had norival. Proper. yy @ven persone travelling Kastor West, took that route ag a matter of course. It was the cheapest aad moss comfortable, if not the most expeditions one among us. ‘1if> packet boats made the trip in about four days, and went loaded. It was a respectable way of travelling. But, after ® while, the railroad was compicted through to Utica from Alhany, and then the packets betwoen those points were withdrawn, but con- \inued to ply between Utica and Buffalo. At length rai!- road communication was opened upon this route, wacn the packets were iid up or converted into line boats. The railroads took most of the passengers ss soon as thoy went into operation, and ia a short time the whole. In a little while they were allowed to carry freight, paying canal tolls between the first of May and firatof December, and afterwards the year round, without the payment of tolls. fhe Erle Road was never required to pay tolls; neither was the Ogdensburg Road. Toe Central and Us- ‘wego roads were the only ones ever taxed for the support of the canals, But at last ali the railroads in the State are placed upon an equality in respect to tolls, and enter into a vigorous contest for the carrying trade between the Atlantic cities and the fruitful Weat. Several of them were built Jn the ex, ion that a considerable portion of thete business would consiat in the carr; sy bt nt were prepared totakeall that was offer 0 Central, hitherto mubly @ passenger road, now embarked extensively in the freighting business. The following is a statement of its tonnage during the laat six years:— Tears. Gain. Lows. 863. 960, = - 649, 189,806 ” 670,073 120,209 - T78,MZ 106. 039 - 838, 705,407 _ Snowing aggregate gain of over 400,000 tons. Erlo road, in the seme time, has geined 185,915 tous, while the conais bave toe 682,061, or about whet the Geatral and Erio sonde have gained. In the meantime a spirit of enterprise has hoon awakened ln neighboring Statee. Discovering that the rellroade, and the facilities afforded to Operations, Ponusyivanis began to Wee our State. Tt no longer enjoyr she monopoly it did twenty five years ego, or even teo. Th Das powerful competitor are Lot such a8 10 10 priv it of employment at once, but they aro lessrning its in a will, wo batiers, continue to lessen yap matter means may be to prevent it country ie all the while changing ; new routes are being established ; the course of irsde Pbol'y uncertaia ; it is iodependent of Srates and indifferent 10 tue wisnes of sections or localities ; she same kiocs of me:coandiee which last year came over the Western Raitroad from Boston to Albany. and were thince conveyed t» St. Louie by way of Bi may this year be sdioped to Saraa nab, cross the country to the Miesiesipp! by rai'roed, aad thence be taken to Ss Louis by steamboat. Chere is aud can be no longer avy monopoly in the varryiog trade ; every Iie has iis egents, cnorgetic and aler plets, in search Gt business. Ags genoral rule merchandise wii! take the cheapest route, but many articles will wravel by tho moa expeditious one, The fact sbould by no means be lost sight of that we liven afastage. We employ the term not in the flash senge, Dut asexpressive of a xeder truth, of standora reali ty. Tet apy man wake himself fauiliar wiv the business Of our expreas cffces, and he will be entirely satiated that Gespatch is a copsideration. with those engaged ia commer chal operations, as well as cheapness Bverytbiag fe ex pressed,” from a baie of goods down to # iady’s bonoe: The Fa)'road i too “alow & couch;’’ it cose BO. coms up to the ideas cf peopic in modern tunes. A dozen yours %O Wend were saiieied to forward an article as ratiroa? Ireght, Teenty ive years since they went quickly enough if they went by canal 4 very marked chai es taken place in the winds of businets men, in Lhe of do:vg business, and to be ignorant of the fact ws to be upep)ighteved vpon a point of tho bighert importance. Why do people use the telegraph? [he post office is a Brent deal cheaper. But this fact acea not deter us from using the telegraph extensively. Inzeed, ite business je rapidly increasing, and must coniinue to increase frem year to year. Lengthy communications ill be sent through the pest office (wuere they camao: be fent by express), a8 heavy goods will be shipped upon ‘the caval, while shor: despatches will be lorw ded by selegreph, and bght mercbandwe will be sent by tue rail- youosand by theexyress. [he express and telegraph Dusiners will rapidiy mcrease, while thet of the cacal aoa pos} office will have arlow growin. Merchants are not doing business as they formerly did. Ovce iney could borrow money for six months or e yar. Benks cizcounted their notes for picety days, wih an sgreement to renew them in case they should not bo paid st maturity, They mace semi. annusl pugrimeges t2 Now York; and suppliea themsc!ves with stocks sufficient for a trade of six months Now they go to the city half a dozen times at least; bny on short credit or for cash; and, f they can obtein accommodations at the bank. they are fortucate ip beiwg abie to get paper discounted whiah has twenty deystorun. Of course, they are in haste to get im their goods, and order them forwarded by railroad. ‘With changes hike these, no ler that tne canes are found too slow, ana tha} business upom them should de- cline. A man in be country buying produce for the New York market sends it bot Be cannot wait for the canal. Ibe ssme troe, a8 before onserves, ‘with regard to purcheses made in the cny. The hoary goode—sugar, moasses, iron, &c.—will be shipped by canal, while the jight and more valuable enes will be or. dered by railroad, Gomg East the oavals will take the producis of the foreet and other articles, whicn do not re- quire a repid conveyance. ‘The capais nominally carry cheap; but if the merchant who ships by them has his goods detained by a breach or other cause twenty days veyond the dey op which he should have received them, as often happens, espe iali, in the fore part of the season, they may prove a very pensive mode of conveyance. If in addition to this de- lay, the country desler should find many of nis prokeges abort, depredaiors having been busy with his property while stowed away in the canal boat, he might come to the copciusion which scores bave arrived at who hi tried the canals because they were cbeap—to wit: teat holes ‘were 20 expensive he could not afford longer to use them. ‘There is another reason why the canals must suffer in their competition with the railrosds. Tne latver rua every month in ihe year. They do not freeze up, and have 10 bresches wnich are not speedily repaired. Forward by rai}oad and there is seidom any 41 , and never aloes. If sn article shipped is missed, the compa. py pay for it. The canals, op the other hand, are cloud Lo about five twelftha of the year, and the losses ch occur upon them are raccly made up to the owners, vl of the property. We know that there is now an expectation that steam will be employed upon the canals. Tne ex; is delng tried, we believe, the present season. We hope it may be successful. It can be tested in aix feet of water. Mapy of the Mississippi steamers draw only two feet. Should it be the means of restoring to the canals the ton. mage of 1858, the plan of introducing steam may be decm- 00 a success, though the tolls shoud be # million of dol- Jars Jess than they were in that year. A mistaken ides, in cur judgment, prevails with regard to the effect of @ reduction of the prices of canal freight. Te seelba to Ub Bop, TWA A Veihe wom Se ainpement with, and prices greatly reduced, the cans's would mmo. poiize the carrying trade. A more erroneous impression never existed. Prices are now and always bave been much lower upon the cans's than upon the railroads. Why have not the former done ali the busmess? We cannot an- swer this question more satisfactorily than by asking another—the of carrying packages by express is about doubie the ra'lroad ile why have pe the latter carried all sueh packages? Again, the price of transmit- tpg s telegraphic des; h ig tenford greater than tne cost of sending (fe : why is the former ever used? Thetruth is, tol express and raliroad are legraph, going fo be used, whatever old: fogsdom may any about tt ‘gislatures may barses them, them, and even re- duce to beggary thousends who are go unfortunate as to have their whole means of subsistence invested in them, still, they are going to be used, for accommodate the people. They cannot be dispensed w: ‘It is conceded upon all hands that the canals have added vastly tothe weaitn of the State. Did it never occur to apy one thatthe railroads bave also contributed some. thing to the value of the State? Have they not enriched Us as ® people as much asthe canals? Mave they not added as much to the valuation of the state? ask the farmers in the southern ter of counties to what extent the Erle road bas benefitted them? Taey will tell you, if they speak the truth, that they have realized enough in the enbanced price of prodace they have rawsed to bave paid the entire coat of the road, and their real estate, It is safe to atsume, is worth three as it was when the track waslaid. The seme may not be true of the farmers residing on the line of the Ogdenaburg road, for it parses, or dia pass, through a new aad unser ted region; but wherever there was a settler, bis proper- ty bas advanced fourfold. Tnere has not been a ratiroad constructed in the State that has not immensely benetited the eection through which it passed. With all the euiogi ‘ums passed upon our canals, and all the glorification toere has becn bad over them—much ag they have done for the ‘State to develope the pablic resources, and promote the general wea), Wo bave never been able to discover what peculiar benedit they were toa people living twenty fre iniles from them. Butter sold at @ix cents a pound, acd eggs 81 Bix cepts per dozen, and other articles in propor- ton, in Chautauque county, within six miles of Lake Erie, as Jate as 1840, and after the Erie canal had been tn opera- tion twenty years acd upwards. What benefit was the canal to the producers of these articles? What benefit has it Deen to the farmors of Oteego county? ‘We do not recollect that avy one has ever thought it worth while to institute 9 comparison between our canals and our railroads, with the view of showing which have done apd are doing mostto advance tue great interests of tue Siale. Nor is it proposed to make one at this time, how- ever great the provocation may be. Is is known thata focling of intense hostility towards the railroads has grown ‘up on the line of the cansis, avd especially on the western portion of the Erie,aud the last Legisiature was calied upon to toll them, require them to carry way freight at ihe game rates ae though it went through ; advertise their tariff of prices, &c. The parties engaged in this oaglaugnt ingist that way freight is charged too high ; that it does not bear a fair proportion to through freight. Now, it is quite possible that throvgh freight is carried too low, But sr@ the prices of way fre'gut too high? By whet standard shail the point be decided? Do our rajiroace barge more for short distances then the roads of other States? Dothey charge as much ag was paid dofore the roads were opened? Are their prices exorbitant? if not, there is noi hing further to be said on the gujoot. The idea 1s advanced that the canals are @ posuliar kind of property, and some people are accustomed to refer to them as being entitled to special regard. They are che- racterized as ‘our canals,” that is,as worke belonging to the people. It ig true that they do belong to tne people. The Legislature authorized their coostrac ton; the agents of the State loaned the money te com neuce their prosecution, to continue it, aad Ww complete the work. The enlargement has been provided for in the fame mapper. Up to the present time there bas not been great amount of direct taxation; the revenues of the cavals, which have come out of somebody's pockets, hay. ing been Evilicient te pay the debts as they fell dae, keep the canals in repsir, and aid io the enlargement. Jn con- Unuing the Iatter an overwhe! ning debt nas beon created This is algo “ the people’s,”’ and the people aro now taxed to psy the interest upon it, and foouer or later, wo be Neve, will be texed to psy the principal. Hence, we think, it ehould not be increased. So Inuch for our canals. We will now soe how our—beg pardon—the railroads bave come lato exietence. Theis gisature bas authorized certain parties, not, indeed, Siate officers, but other men equally worthy—citizens of the State (and what is an officer but a citizen?)—to receive subscriptions and buila railroads. Io parsuance of such authority, about $150,000,008 havo been invested in this ort of property. What portion is still owned by our own population, we have no means of determining; nor can we tay what part of it is productive: suffice i} to say that railro:d property owned by our own Citizens, appears to ‘um to be as sacred as any description of property, avd en. Utled to the same protection from government. We do not perceive in what regard it differs essentially from Siate property. A railr is built im pursuance of jaw, the same as acanel, Io the one case the moans are fur- nished by the whole people, who own the work, and are responsible for avy debt that may be contracted on its as- count; while in the other, the means are contributed portion of the people who reap the benefit of the eater. ey it ih prey ty to bea payin one, -~ ‘stand the loss, it happens non-paying. 7, 18 not private pro- perty appacred as that of the pubic? Is then Pree two men entitled to more cone! than of a se in- dividual? Is that of twenty men, two thousand, or three millions dererving greater respect than if it belonged to six men who are doing business as members of a firm, or indiyi- dually? The State is nothing more than a corporation; « raiirond company is. corporation: by what rule is it de termined that one kind of corporate property is beiter thap another? My funds are vested in the canals; the Legisiature bas made mo s stockholder, perhags against my will; yours aro ina railroad and the cacaw; way should your property not be ag dear to You as mize is to NEW YORK“HERALD, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1859. fanat ia Tork wen evn weakest be memset be commeretal me? Yeu bave tolled for your ag well as tho in. Intereating from California. Sra ag as bean tated 9 Duld ennai why OUB BAN FRANCISCO CORRESPONDENCE. abould community awar equal respect Francasco, 1850. For ourselves, we are unable (0 discover the wonderful sus yada Gifference between ine property o( one man and thatof ANTICIPATED DUEL ERTWEEN BRODERICK AND GWIN. another; between the Owned by the Broderick leaves here to day for Gacramente to addres pa tgatocte lating Be ro fw pet teak oe © great mass meeting to be held there to morrow. On this Property, but it belongs to no single individual and noone | occasion he promises to give s revicw of the political Man can use it except he conforms to the regulations | issues befor the people, and a full history of the Senato- Tiere the property of any Soe man'thun"ihe propery | ‘is! eeoton of 1850, A steamer has been charlared to of a railroad Zompany. We can use Been convey persons from this city to the capital to attend the yy DO rules ee Bot = no must be aware that thorized thom 10 adopt.” Nor “ean” we under: El a ee hg — Cecmuienen railroads. They vey | . ——. paper eal oa 4 ered our sy con) us from one | the last month ce of m de of and Pie had ey odin afl ack someting which ig | ¢70° persouality hitherto unknown in the country. Our wi better to us than the produce; tuey increase tne value of | two United States Senators have used towards each Teal eetate and personal effects; they help to develope the | other langusge most unecomly, and declare their pablic resources; they give characwer rank to our no | readiness to settle their difficulties In ms private man- bie commonwealth; they aid in sustaining our schooisand | ner, which means by the duelio No person who }, Delp to cemplete our canals; in Eg bas read the speeches of Broderick ana heir fait abare toward tbe payment of our taxes. can doubt but bloody termination will be sbouid they not, then, be eatecmed our railroads? We } result of the controverey. Imputations have are prova to consicer them such. And so far wish | cast on the personal courage of Broderick, and ing them injury, we are free vo say we woald be sorry to | ja no attempt made to disguise the desire of Gvin aad acon calculated to do them harm. Why | newspaper organ in this city to force him inios epould they be taxed to com! the canals for te | meeting. Broderick stated a month ago thathe would the } fight under any circumstances until afer tae election, ‘hat the encounter, if one ‘he present. Gwin, carly in Teadinets to ‘settle theie private grie‘s in B private coupled with sneers, tuguita and have been repeated on every occasion be has since refer- red to Broderick. Last week, at Red Bluffs Broderick de- livered eapeech, and at its termination a man Lewia, by invitation, ascenced the siand and defended sominiatra makicg sprcial bitter denonciations lomen they bave sustained? Js it advigabie to deatroy ‘ob bag: whe the oo i tion eareaatc allasiong to Broderick. Broderick replied, avd acceptea the quello as a means of netting hie aiin- culties with Gwin, bad the beaefis of the rosde, bebalf, therefore, when we any we ahould be unwilling to fee the roads injured. We co not wien 0 see their basi- eas leas, oF ese : We do pot wisn te see trem crippled more than they aiready are. Weare confident the canals will not require greater capacity than they now have, provided the ratirosas are Jet alone, Woy anould they not be let alone? Why sbould apy one dese to crueh them by imposing toils upon them, or Dy red wile upon the caoais? Daring the Beason Of pavigation the latter carry freight cheaper than thevaivoads = The Audior ta bie staves the dilerence 1m ibeir favor at ‘irom two to Ave hundred per cent.” Oo» would ceem tnis diftereuce sufficieat, in ail reason; but we have thore in our Sate wao appear to ‘Uowk it ahould be still greater. Toey seem to thiak wat M the tobe were reduces etiil lower upou the canals, oF \sken from the canals sitogetner aod put apoa the rail Toads, juatice would be dove, and the canals, if pot made Ww pay, would at leet be enadled to do the carrying trade between the lakes and tide water, Now 1018 barely possibie for ibe State to puraue a policy, the effect of which will be 10 Jessen the amoust of Dusi- ‘AeRs dove Upon the raliroade, and to increase the tonnage Of the conw’s; bet woula 1. ve a sound oue? Who woud be benetied by it? Not ths poopie, certauly; for wot Aifference 1s tt io them whether they pay railroad or canal Wie? ihe object of voll m either case must De Ww avoid \he necesery Of Girect taxstion or to icgsea tne amount required. Sappose we collect & million of dollars in eddi- Mon to the amount now derived Jrom caval tolls, by ad van the rates of tou, oF Collect toe hike amount by levying tolls upoa the rail:oads; eat is the dilfvreace, Bo far ag the peopie at large are consernec? Noving what ever. The consumers of the goods pay the sum, woica would be deducted from the general iax levy. MISCELLAYROUS ITEMS. The Sun Francieco aca Marysville Raikosd Com; bas adverticed for cigh} hundred laborers, to be employed io grading tbe line. Mr. C. L. Wilson, who has ately re- turved from the Aileptic Staies, has made all the neces- aay Stzenaenenis to complete the road to Marysville, or auch other point as the company may determine to build it. Doring tbe moptn of July 806 deposits of gola bailion, weighing 67,837 ounces, and worth $1,241,361, and 26, 836 ounces oF silver bullion, worth $30,086, ware dep>sited in thé branch mint. The coimage of she same period amounted to $1 640,000 in double eagles, $30,000 in eogies. and $30,000 in half collers. Rovert Murray, found guilty of an attempt t marry bis niece, in Trinity couuty, Das been sent to ihe Siae prigon for one year. A grand military eocampment of a Jarge number of the militia companies of thy State ie to take place at the ap- pronching Stete fair to be held ab Savamento, Aon of 8 8 Grova, a resideot of S.nts Croz, was pol- ached last week by partaking of a sotucion of arsealo pre- pared for killing flee. A requisition bas been issued by Governor Weller to the Governor of Michigen for the person of one B. Jobneon, indict d io Sacramento county for swindling, Decrees of civorce have been granted dy tha Yreka District Court in the cases of Eve Cissson ve. Robert Uias- gon aud Nancy logratam vs. J. J. logreham. Ia the lest sult $3,000 alimony was miowed, 1a Sacramento Wa. Carroll bas deen divorced from b's wife Margaret, and in Stock ton, Eliza froma from ber haeband Casries Joh» Penycook bas been discharg+d from hig debts and ebshties ta the Fourth Durriet Court. Russell Card asd Charies F. Burns have peutioced for the benefit of the In- If increased tolls are to bo imposed, i tere any good } apivent act. Teason wy they should bot be imposed upon property Me authier, the French Covsal in this city, bas conveyed on the canais? fhese improvemsats hwvo cos: } signified his intention to ceeb:ate the birthday of the the Beate Jarge sums of money; toe poopie aro heavily 1a ent on account of their construction: why should they Ot pay that debt? Woy tax sue railroaisto pay ibe canal debi? Is it just if wey could sfford ii? But, asthey cannot, it appears 10 vg Little snort of downright oppres tion to doit The rates of tolls may be materially in- creseed on the canals, apd sii} they would ve avie to Emperor Louis Napoleon. on the 15th of August, by solemn To Deum inthe Church of Noire Dame aes Vic- toires, on Bosh street. The bark Jennete, 247 tovs register, was sold at suction on the éib ost. for $8,000 Louis Carizoza, found guilty of the murder of Don Francisco Alviso,at Sen Luise Obispo, on toe Ist March carry freight two hundred ana iilty per cent below the | jast, bas been sentenced w be buvg on the 234 of this raiisoad coe ges. month. We solemnly belie our canals have seen their pabmiest Dr, A. Spomeyck, a native of Strasburg, who arrived in thie city a fe since on toe ebip Gray Feaiher, days. Wedomnt see how they are to recover the business they have loct. Henceforth, in our opsnion, they wretobe | committed suicide yesterday by takiog opium. Tae doc- the tor’s wife, toon coming here, left nim and went to @ faz upon the pripaty f State. In no way can they be ther way—~stitl less will trey ever de ableto | Marysville. Since then he bas been mucn dejected. MARRIAGES AND DEATHS, made w pak t dicharge the indebtedness created on_account of their con- ‘MaRRIED. Baxsr—Swamn.—At Willow Grove, San Jose, July 30, by Rey. B. Brierly, Jagab er, Jr., to Mise Susan A. ane uructon. We know some persoes bave the impression Swat, both of San’ Fr ‘hat ifthey can be completed to the capacity of seven feet seventy, they will be able to ‘compete successfully” with We language the CampsxLi—Moorz —In Hamilton Township, Bate coun- ty, A. Campbell to Martha E. Moore, D’artow—Cakitos —in Santa Rosa, Avgust 1, Gaston © Broke Barccae Ak Michigan Flat, Joly 81, George ¥. yeI8S = BAUCER — At a Endries to Elenor Baucer. : Bri—Stanmety.—Io Yubs county, August 1, R. R. Hill Biza Siangeid. Laxcu—0O’ Coxwat.—In Sacramento, August 6, Joha F, Lyzch to Hannah O'Connell. ‘Leavexwoaru—Cacties —In San Jose, August 3, by the Rev. 0. B. Stone, Mr. Royal Leavenworth to Miss Mary MircheLt—NELAoN —At Union Bar, Butte county, August 4, Kenry Mitchell to Mary Nelson, MvrRAY—Fotay.—In Petaluma, July 31, Patrick Mur- Tey to Joanna Foley. | Alar pinks —In Santa Cruz, July 28, by the Rev. J. 8. Zelie, Mr, Charles C, Martin to Mies Hannah A. Uar- yer. Post—Densis.—In San Jose, July 31, by Rev. Father Bioxt, Mr. Humpbrey Martio Post to Miss S.mphorianna Dennis, both of Martposa county. SuLuvaN—Biae —In Watsonville, July 21, Charles Sul- to vs they already roads. They carry merchandise “from two to five han dred per cent’ cheaper than the railroads, and get about ‘one baif of the business done. Are they not, thea, “suc- censt ul between. ied them tocarry afew more, would this eu, more comple? Would they be avie to do all Bow done by the railroads? If not, what part ‘would they obtain? Let them be able to take freight st from four hundred to one thousand per cent ‘Detow the rai'reads, would their business double and that of the railroads fail off one-halt? No same maa can be made to believe anything of the kind. If, with the ad- va Pees 20 Sey. considerable extent were the advantages ‘Tuo barbor at Buffalo's represented to be full of stenm and otber vessels, tied up (or the want of employment. ‘This ia alloged to be the effect of the railroads ranaing upon fee gouth and north shores of Lake Erie. Now}i{ the Lake ere, and ig Veaseis cannot ‘‘suc ceratully compete’? ‘ livan to Josephine Biair. the Wentern Pore, with ‘the railroads be:ween Buffa'o and —y and drive them out of the fod-—what chance ie there for | — -Axxax—um ‘For coumy, Augun o, John wasowyor, Van arnam, Jate Justice of the Peace of Wasbington Town- Senator Prosser’s of steam cane) boats which be posee to pot upon the canal ag soon as i is en area? | Sbip, and originally trom Dixon, Dlinols, at the age of 68 ere is generally water enough in the lakes between | 2°88. ‘Averin.—At Peck’s Ranch, Yuba county, Angust 3, Bis- eee te 38 years, ih of ay bole. wis.—At Uniont ee jown, Humboids oounty, July 26, Jo- —At sem, on board ship Black Michael Bresrdoa. "Ao Humphrey Hobbreok, sesmar (colored ). pit ‘Milpitas, Santa Clars county, August 3, Mrs. Bilen Creighton, wife of Frederick Creighton. Bhe was # pative of England, and about 39 years of age. Derrick.—In Sen Francisco, August 5, William & Derrieli, a native of New York, aged 30 years. Darnzs.—In Napa, August 3, Martha Ann, daughter of James A. and E. A. Darnes, aged 4 months and 20 days. Gnizirz.—In Sacramento, August 4, Frank A. Gill son of Hon. Francis Gillette, of Connecticut, aged years. Borweunc.—In San Francisco, August 8, John Franklin Hornung, only son of F. C. and Evzabeth Hornung, aged L year and 9 be EDIAN. —ID Francisco, August 7, William Lage] Of inflemmation of the lungs, aged 83 years, a native Roacommon, Ireland. LaCosrz.—In San Jove, August 3, Francisca, wife of J. ‘AaUoate, and davgbter of A. Sunol, ged about 19 years. Poot.—In Russian River Township, Sonoma county, Mrs. Mary Pool, consort of H. J. Pool, in the 3iat year of her age. PETERSON.—At Beal’s Bar, Placer county, August 2, Charles W., only eon of Louis and Christina Poverson, aged 17 months and 18 days. ‘Rarupoy.—In Placer ville, August 8, Eldridge Rathbon, aged 61 year ‘Sovons —In San Francisco, August 4, Ida Josephine, only daughter of A. R. and Barbara Simous, ageal year, 8 months and 8 days, Scuanron —At Salmon Falls, Fl Dorado county, August 2, en me Albert Scranion, formerly from New Bedford, aged 60 years. surra.—In Camptonville, July 81, Mix Smith, one of the oldest residents of Yuba ci a Yocux —At Murphy ie Tees 1, William Yosum, for- ur merly of Platte county. isco, August 6, of “dyspepeia, Buffalo and Chicago; the ice ja out the way while the canals are open; no tolis are imposed; there are no locks to {mpede the vessel’s progress ; breaches never occur; the distance between te points named is said by the Canal Auditor to be “only equal to about 112 miles of railroad distance in cost of lon; the Baffalo boats are excellent and very commodious; and yet they are great extent unemployed, while the rajiroads are their usual business. — Is fe in the face that some very wise people, a estimation, talk of monopolizing for the canalsall the freighting business between albany and Buffalo when the cana! shall be enlarged and stesm thereon, Ic steamboats cannot contro} freights between Buffalo and Chicago and intermediate }, What folly to suppose they can do it besween All and Buffalo, For our. selves, we have no idea tbat the business of the raitroads ie going to be cut off or essentially reduced. ures may embarrass them, but cannot prevent their doing cusneas—we think an increasing business. Let the tele graph companies be compelled to raive their tariff of prices, ana the effect would be detrimental to the 1 would be feit to be an onerous tax upon those the telegraph. So with the railroads; you may tax them and thereby oppress the people, but the roads would till find employment. This is a matter vitally important to the people of the State, and demands their serious attention. Tnose who drew wheat from Utica to Albany by wagons aod sieigns fifty years ago were compelicd to haul off when the canal was dog. The four horse post coach has heen very gene rally superseded by the car, Steam has taxon the piace of horse power in conveyance of presengers Everything bas undergone « change since the Erie Oanal wos compioted. Asa prudent, sensible people we would adapt ourselves to the change. Tne Now York dailies were once printed upon hand presses. Toeir publishers found that faster presses were needed, obtained them, and Inid aside the old one, to be used when they had job on band which could be performed at their leisure. Tuey stopped expending money upon it when they found sn improved machine was required in their offices, notwith. standing it bad been @ good press, snd « great deal of good work bad been done upon it. We heve no die position to underrate our canusis. They have answered & mest valuable purpose, and will be useful to commerce for many years yet. But for the introdaction of railroads they might for a long period have monopolized the transportation business between the Hudeon river aod Lake Erie, cont/nued a source of revenue to tne State, and even justified continued expeaditure on the enlargement. But that period, in our judgment, has passed; the wants of trade do not require ua to go on with the eutsrgement. We sre confident the canais did more business 1a 1853 than they will ever do esgain in asingle season. If thie opinion ts correct, why Increase their capacity? Why ex- pend more money upon the enlargement? It certainly ‘Appesrs to us high time that the State paused in its career ot borrowing and expenditure. Let us take roundings—see what can be done upon six feet of water, Should the ton- uege and revenues of the State canals not bo greater in 1869 than they were in 1858, it may be regarded as quite certain that they will never be larger thea st present: and, if there be no increase, can there be any good reason offered for expending more money upon them? people; ‘eo e ‘Zacharias —In San Fran Samuel Zachariag, a native of Nackel, Pri Pertonal Intelligence. ‘The books of the Lyan, Mass., tax assessors for 1859 show that there are three hundred and twenty-seven per- zope and firms who pay a tax of aanen and upwards; fifty-eight who pay two huudred dollars and upwards, and ‘thirty one—the rich men of Lynn—who pay tires nun- dred dollarsand over. fhe tadividual texes of the Jatter class are as follows:—Heury Newal!, $1 131; M. U. Pratt, $1,024; estate of F 8S. Newhall, $800; Jona Wooldreage, $704; Jobn B. Alley, $675; Nathan Breed, $655 ; Mark Aeale: $679; pene Sones? Jr., $5738; 3 M. Bivter, $514; Ban; Treson, Jr. . P. Taptey, $11; Tenia Newnau, 488; Jobn Newhall, $431; entate of Isaac Sroxd, $44 James Breed, 2d, $432; Jos. B. Lamoer, $447. Lyman B. Frazier, $408; Jame N. Snifum, $391; Samuel Boyce, $583; Jona, Bacheller, $375; Nathab D. Coase, $360; Amos P, Tapley, $881; Otis Johnson, $31 chard G Fay, $347; Issac Bageett, $549; Moses S. Breed. $876; soneph M. Fuller, $828; Jobn Alley, 3a, $322; John Lovejoy, $316; Geo. W. Keene, $332, Mire J: M. Davenport, the actress, pays & taxed for real estate tax of $204. There are more persons in Lynn, in proportion to the population, than in apy other place in the State, and with very few exseptious the pro- ae been acquired by the personal labors of the olders. A son of Cassius M. Clay, while gunning recently, was Ditten on the foot by some poironous reptile, supped to ‘De a rattileanake, and his body immediately exntbited all the symptome of the most virulent niog; bat he was dosed uptilatupitied with appie brady, and the nex! morn- ing was as well as ever. 30 confident was Mr. Clay of the efficacy of alcoholic spirits in all cases of poison by the bites of snakes and insects, that be did not even m4 for a physician. Saiaratus was bouad upon the bitten epot until ammonia ceuid be procured, when the former was moistened with it. This was upon the theory that poison jaan acid, aod only elkelt will answer, though ammonia is thought to be the best. Obituary. DEATH OF MAJOB JOHN BIDDLE. A telegraphic despatch was received in the city yester- day, says the Detroit Pree Press of August 28, announcing the ‘death of Major John Biddle, formerly ® prominent citizen of Detroit, He was sojourning at the time at tue White Sulpber Springs, Virginia, and was prostraved very suddenly by a stroke of jexy. Major Biddle oaa not resi in this city since year 1849, having spent his time aince in 8t. Louls, Philadelphis ana’ Europe, retiding in Paris for several years. He was one of the oider class of residents of Detroit, baving come here soon after the close of the second war with Eogiand, and remained here for more than thirty years, and during that time taking a very active part in pubjic affairs. Twenty years ago there was probably no man in the State better known than ‘ Mejor Bidale. was born at Philadelphia, and w: brother of ine celebrated Nicholas Biddle, President ofube | ,, The Vicksburg Wig of the 22th tnt lourne that om United States Bank. At tho time of Bis desta he muni | the Wednesday previous the Hon. mm Smith, the have been in the neighborhood of seventy years of age | ‘dependent democratic csudidate for Comgress in thet When the war with Eogland broke out, he entered the { ‘“l#trict, shot Owen Van Vactor, editor of the Common- ‘wealth, on the streets of that town. A contreversy arcea between them about an article in the Commomoralth, rela- tive to the discussion between Smith and fipgieton, at Raymond. The wound of Mr. Van Vactor was severe, though not necessarily fatal. Hon. Preston King, United States Senator, and ex-Presi- army with the rank of Lieutenant, and was enraged in the battle of Christler’s Field, undsr the command of General Wilkinson, where he distinguished himevif ‘He continued in the service until the close of the war, when in the year 1816, he came to Detroit, and was for some \ime paymaster in the army. He took an active part in politics, and, after holding several subordinate offices, } dent Fillmore, were in Albany on Monday. Mr. King loft waa elected Ta the your 1038 delegate in Congress for tus | for New York on Tuesday morning ‘Terr! of Michigan. Tois was the year Genera’ ‘The Chicago Journal says that Paulsen, tbe Lapp an fe bas chalieuged Morphy for a net match. [tie to come enortiy in New York. Z Licut. Edw. F. Beale, who was appointed to the come manc of the Pacific Wagon Road Expedition, returned 10 bia home, at Chester, Pa , on Monday last Hon. John A, Gurley, republican member of Congrees from the Cincinnati district, Onio, ie Oi , a correspondent of the Caarleston Mercy bate \foulowiag pis yor pewe:—Senator beer ~ Louisiane, bas succeeded in negotiating @ loam of Blots (0 ta Ecghard, fr we Tehaumteped route, Coe ot Be fartnere iy ibe entervrige: 16 Malor “Arnold Her ke oe 7 american citizen whe bab Washington; bus ¥ ator Dougie, 10 oom, Mejor beep oe ‘@ seat in Congress ho wae an aciive supporter of his administration. In the year 1830 ne war sgain @ candidate for the same poaiiion, but was defertes by Austin E Wing, who bad already ocoupied the samy position before Major Biddie was elected. Mejor Bidale Married a daughter of Mrs. Bradish, ot New York city, ‘who survives him. He'bes two chitoren !'y og, @ sou ana daughter. The former, Wm. S,, reeides in wie oiy, adi ‘the latter is the wife of Goi. Porter, of tho Uuited Sites army. Can’r Down OF It —The Troy 2im-s eays the repablionr Perty can noror merge its Organization lato a mougre Know Knotbing, old line whig, Nort American, South | finger in ire Ted? ve tpotiations was s godsend, American ‘opposition’ party. Ju attempting to force ne svorers Of Benjamie’ covmreaved wih US PLOwe auch a result, the party mighs be justly aaminilatad, bus J Oovglee, walle Here, SO OL eg in thas quariers the acheme itaelf would fail, poet of nis legislative