The New York Herald Newspaper, September 4, 1859, Page 2

2 THE WORLD SYSTEM OF TELEGRAPHS: Present Condition of Telegraph Enterprise. LAND AND SUBMARINE LINES. THE ELECTRIC GIRDLE OF THE RARTH | Communication Between England | and India. The Great Rasslan Line to the Amoor Across the Whole Continent of Asia, &e., “mw. te Tt is ostimated that there are at least one hundred Vhousand miles of telegraph lines in the whole world, and judging from the wonderful activity which bas been displayed during the Jast Ove years in the establishment of telegraphic communications, we think we are justified in saying that in less than a quarter of a century the aggro- gate leagth will be double what it now is. It is less than twonty years since the first telegraph was established bo tween Baltimore and Washington, and yet daring that comparatively brief period over forty thousand miles have been constructed throughout the United Siates, forming a network that embraces within its meshes every city, town and village inthe whole country. A fow years more will gee us in as perfect communication with San Francisoo as we are now with Now Orleans, Thore is, perhaps, no department of human enterpriso in which Buch overgy and activity is manifest os in this particular one, and certainly none in which greater suc- cons has been achieved. It 1s about nine yoars Bince the firet submarine cable was astrotched noroas the English Channel, uniting Great Bri- taim with the Continent—a short line not much more Bian twenty miles long; yet such has been the progress made in this time that islands have been united to isianiis, aad continents to continents, through the same wonderful agency. It isa little better than » year since the Newand Old Worlds were elestrifiod by the announcemoeat that the great ocoan cable had been laid, and that both were united. It is truo that {t was but a temporary success, but it ig no Joga true that the enterprise was proved to all inten'a and purposes to be practicable. For twoaty dsys tolegraphic communication was estadlisued between Earope and Amo. rica, and during that time four hundred mossages were transmitted between the two stationg at the termini of the line, These have already been laid before our readers in the columns of the Heratp, and fortified as they were by the affidavits made before the United States Consul at Loa- don their authenticity is beyond all question, Next year another expedition will be Sited out for the purpose of re establishing the communication which was suspended by the defective insulation of the cable; and from the ox Perience that bas been gained, we have no doubt of its success. Wemay therefore look forward tothe perfect realization of this great work in less than a year from the present time, But while preparations are being made for ihe accomplishment of so desirable a result, telegraphic communications are extending with the most wonderful rapidity and tho most encouraging success in other par's of the world. For the informacion of our readers, and Particularly for the enlightenment of those who are ati)! skoptical on the subject, wo propose to take a view of the whole fietd of telegraphic enterprise as it appears at the present time. Before us-are a series of nine maps, showing the whole extent of telegraphic communioations, and the lines pro. posed, as we'l as those in course of construction. Those maps have been carefully and xccurately gotten up, and show all the iand and submarine lines of the world That representing the telegraphs in Europe shows a network extending over forty thousand miles, and in cluding within its limits all the moze important islands in the Mediterranean. From Ircland to Great Britain there are no lees than three—the first from Dublin to Holyhead, 56 miles; the second, from Donaghadee to Portpatrick, 26 miles; and the third, from Carrickfergus to Portpatrick, 35 miles. These are connected with the land lines, bring ing the most western, southern and northern parts of Ire- land m direct communication with the seat of govern ment at London, Let us now sec whet Great Britain has done for the extension of telegraphic communication with Europe, aad throcgh Europe with her possessions in the far East. She has no lees than six lines connecting her wich the Continent, the aggregate length of which is about 600 miles. In addition to theze there is aucther in course of construction between Cromer, England, and Toaningen in Holatetn, Which wit! be mearly 050. miiew long, Kore, thon, ‘we will have uo less than seven tines uniting Eogiand w.th the Continent; but as the average number of conductors in each of these cables is about four, we have actually as many as twenty-cight lines with an aggrerate leogth of over fourteen thousand miles. These submarine oat place Eogiand in communication with every part of Eu rope through the grand system of coatinental connections. From Loudon to Constantivoplo the telegraphic commuai- cation, which takes in Paris, Viéhna, and the other great caprtals lying on its route, 's complete, snd messages can be tranemitted daily between both cilies, except when one of the Turkish telegraph officers takes it into his hesd to lock up the station and absent himoeif from his post for two or three weeks, Incredible us it may seem, a caso of this kind occurred quite recently, aud as it proscnts a ra- ther curious incident in the history of telezraphing, we Will relate it here. [it appears thet the cfllcer a! Rast chuck (one of the stations between Vienua and Constantino. ple) telegraphed to Vienna that he was obliged to leave tho Place on some business, and that in consequence he would Doobliged to close his ofive for a fortwight, requesting the Avstrian Telegraph Department not to forward any des patches for that period. As this was arather strange procoeding, the chief of the department at Vienna telegraphod to the Turkish capital to know what this meant, when, to his still greater astoniehment, he revelyed an answer to the effect “that be was eurprisod the Austrian Telegraph Dapart- ment should make such a complaint, as certainly they could not expect moro than a notice from the chie? at Rustechuk that the office was shut up for a fortn'zin!,” taking it thus for granted that it was a piece of poiitencas in that cffloer to give such notice at all, ag be might have shut up without saying » word about it. From Constantinople communication has been esta. plished with Candia by means of two submarine cables, the first extending from the Oastle of Europe to the Isle of Khio, one of the Grecian archipelago; and the socoad, extending from Khio to Canca, in Candia—the combined Tength of the two being a little less than four bundrot miles. From this point a cable will bs Iaid to A'exandrie: and as this will be accomplished in ths cours of heif » year, the telegraph chain beweon the capitals of Ezy pt and Great Britaln will be complete, From Alexandria to Buez, 4 line of two hundred and twenty miles bas ‘een constructed, and from Suez to Adon three submarins cables, baving an aggregate length of thirteen hundred and sixty-four miles, have been already eucceesfwily sub. merged, and are now in perfect working ord: Bat we moust not stop here. Passing through the straite of Ba- belmazdel and by Aden we foliow the track of the great submarine cable that is to bina the gorgeous East, the cradle of the human raco, with those wondrous isles of the West, which appoar but as specks ‘on the map of the world. From Aden to the Arabic iale 1 Kooria Mooris another cable is to be cxtended, a dis. tance of seven hundred and thirty mites; but, fir as we have gone, we have not yet reachod the end of the ronte over which is tobe laid the great cable of the Arabian | Sea. The little, thread tike line, which ts colored roa ov | our maps, will by December next be extended el! tus | ‘way up to Mutcat, @ distanoe of four hundred and ninsiy | ‘miles; and from Muscat {¢ will reach to Kurrachee | four hundred and fifty efght milee, where it will connec; “with all the Jand lines of India. Taose land lines place the great capitals of the Anglo-Indian empire—alcutta, Hyderabad, Bombay, &o.—in immediate communication From Hyderabed to Suez we will have, when the whole is ‘Completed, asubmarine line, in continuous sections, of over three thousand miles; while the whole length of tele graphic connections uniting England and India ‘se about ten thousand miles, and of this more than one third is submarine, Now, all that is required to make this connection complete, in addition ¢o the cable which is to extend from Aden ‘to Kurrachee, {6 that from Candia to alexandri, nd as: both of these will be completed within nine months, Muree continents will not only be bound by telegraphic bands, but a great part of the world.ciroling telegraph ‘will havo been completed. By this time nexi year the Atlantic cable will have beon succesfully iaid, and we ‘will sls0 be placed fm compection with India. Now, all that is required is telegraph ln» across our own conti- Rent, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific const, and mnother, the sonstraction of which the Russian govern Ment has already commenced, and which wit! run from ‘Moscow to the Amoor river, extending Over the whole of | and western boundaries of our republic, and which, as we | he | to Atobison on the Miesouri, and it is now boing carriod “ABR (28, 52,6, a eRLGg ove Oae Hae donoss waaves of * NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1859. Siberia, and passing into Manchoorle, flading Its tor minus At the Amoor river. The whole length will exceed 3,600 lJesgues. From th‘s torminus on the western ooast of Asis pubmarine cables will eventually be laid across the seas of Ochotck apd Kamschetke to the Russiam possessions in North America, from which a land line might be extended so ‘as to copnect with the termin! of our great trangoontinea- | tal telegraph, by which it 18 proposed to unite the eastern already said, will be soon completed. Already the | land telegraph frem tho Atlantic aide hag been extended | still further weet. Oa the Pacific side a lino is im course of construction to Salt Lake City, and the day is not far distant when a junction of the two will be effected, and ‘we will have a continuous line across the continent. Tho distance between Salt Lake city and Atobisoa is some- thing less than a thousand miles. But the courge we have described as that by which the world Is to be girdied by « telegraphic belt, is not the oaly | one. There is yet another which offers almost equal fa. | cilities, Let us trace it out and see what has been | already effected towards the great work. We have shown the lines already iaid and those in course of con- struction to India, but we flad that line is proposed from | Rapgoon, which is the existing terminusof the Indian sys | tem of telegraphs, to the river Patehan, om the northern Portion of the Malay peninsula, known ag the Isthmus o Kraw, 4 land line will be constructed across this isthmus 8 distanoe of thirty mites, to the port of,Champoon, tn the kindom of Siam. The site proposed for these land wires ig along the route which has been recently surveyed by Her Majesty’s goverument with a view to the construc. tion of w ship canal, as saggested by Sir Joan Bowring, for the purpose of shortening by a thousand miles the sea voyage to China. From Champoon a sub mastine cable will cross the Gulf of Siam, skirting the const of Cochin China to Hong Kong, with stations at the Island of Pulo Condore, and with the settlement of Touran in Cochin China, The greatest distance botween any two Points which it is intended to connect by a submarine line will not exceed five huadred and sixty mites, and the depth does not in any place exceed seventy fathoms, Every thing seems so favor the project, for, besides the great facilities afforded by nature, the promoters.of the | undertaking have, we learn, obtained very valuable coa- cessions from the king of Siam. From Pulo Condore, al- In addition to the submarine lines we bave referred to ‘ne having beca laid, we should meation those eeancoting Sperzia with Coreica, Corsica with Sardinie, Sardinia with Bone in Africa, Sardinia with Malta, and Maita with Corfu: ‘Through the cable to Bone, Franoe is put in connection with ber African poeeessions, in which she has an excellent and cxtenstve telegraph system. Great progress bas already been made in the establish. ment o* telegraph lines between the principal towns in Australia, and the aggregate length of wires is about eleven hundred miles. These connect Sydney with Mel- bourne, Adelaide and intermediate stations; and a sub- marine cable has already, it is expected, been laid across Bass’ Straits, which divide Van Dieman’s land from Ni South Wales. This cable was to bo laid in sections from Care Otway to Victoria Cove, King Island, distance of forty nine miles. A land line of eighteen miles long will stretch across the island to Sea Elephant Bay, from which another cable of about fifty miles im length will connoot with a iand line, a third section completing the connection with Tasmania or Van Dieman’s land, The cables between the points pamed, with the land telegraphs, will forma { continuous line of about one hundred and thirty miles, In addition to the telegraphs in Australia already mentioned, there are smaller lines extending to some of the most thickly settled portions of the gold regions In the report mado by the General Superintendent of tho lines in South Australia to the British government, wo find 9 statement to the effect that one of the great advan- tages resulting from the establishment of telegraphic com- munication is ‘the great ald which will be rendered in the auppresvion of the crime of horse and cattle stealing, by emabling the police intelligence to reach nesrly every market of importance in the colony, and by timely notice to prevent the escape of persons detected in the act of of- fering stolen cattle for sale.” This is certainly a creat ad- vantage, when it is considered that e large portion of the population of this one of the British colonies is made up of mem who were transported for violations of the law in the motber country. ‘The improvements In telographing are keeping pace with the extension of the system all over the world, and in. stroments bave been invented by which a speed of over & bundred words s minute has been attained, ANOTHER SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH TO EUROPE. ready mentioned, a cable will be laid at no distant day to Singapore, and the Dutch are at present engaged in the | construction of line to Batavia. The company by which | the line extending from Rangoon to Hong Kong is to be | constructed bas already been organized, and has mate great progrees towards the realization of their pro | ject, and it is intended that The bark Wyman of two hundred tons galled on ybe 29th of Auguet from Central wharf, Boston, wader command of Capt. Wm. Barker, to survey the route fora line of telegraphic communication between this country and Europe, by the way of Greenland, Iceland, the Faroo Island and Soot'and. The vessel is chartered by Col. T the undertaking | P-Shaifher, of Louisville, Ky., who hes been residing ia in which they are engaged shall supply the link necossary | Worcester most of the time for the lasttwo years. He toultimately connect Australia with India and Europe. ‘The practicability of such a work will strike any one who will take the trouble to examine this part of the map of the world. A telegraph has already been extended across the northern part of the Island of Java by the Datch, and is now in working order. From Java to Victo- ria, in the north of Australia, there are a sorios of islands the water space between any two of which does not excoed three hundred miles, This is the greatest distance, while the other water spaces vary from ten to five miler, From Avstratia to the Sandwich group there are numbers of small is!onds which could be made to serve the purpose of Intermediate siations on the route; and from the Sand- wich Islands to San Francisco, the last epace which would bas projected the expedition on his own responsibility, aud there appears a fair prospect of success. Bis views and iptentions§ in re to the subject are clesr!y stated in the Worcester of this morning as follows:— Colonel Shaffoer commerced in 1853 the advocacy of an ocean telegraph, but bas evar been a thorough disbe- lever jn the practicability of any Atlantic telegraph pro fect like that of laat year, holding it to be utterly impos sible for the electric current to be successfally communi- outed (especially under pow) » for #9 great a distancs as ‘one thousand miles in oae continuous ciroult; claiming thet tn order to communicate that distance, there must be in termediate or suxiliary batteries, which, of course, it is imporsible to have under water, To obviate tals difficulty it was necessary to devise some other courte, Accordingly, in 18:4, ag he states, believing that a sub- aqueous line from Newfoundiand to Ireland could not be succerefully worked tor practical purposes, Col. Sbaifaer bave to be spanned, the distance does not exceed two | proceeded to Denmark and obiained a royal concession thouzand miles Now, we know there are ekeptios who will way that the great work which we have here sketched out is impracticable; but while donying ite feasibility, it may be well for them to remember that for the exclusive rignis over Greeniaud, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, for the term of one huodred years, for a telegraph to copnect Europe with America.” In 1855 he obtained co operative concessions from the kingdoms of Norway end Sweden, both of which governmenta ayo rusted their lines to meet the requirements of the const! on no part of the route here Iaid down will the difficulties | propoted North American telegraph. The fuliliment of ofthe work be ag greet as thags that have been these concessions is the object of the present expedition. encountered succeesfuliy in the laying of submarine lines | ,, 1% i2ni8 Purrote to gall along the enatcosat of Labrador which are row in operation. In addition to the routes above described for the two great world telegraphs, there is still another which should latitude 66, to South Greenland, where proper places for landing the cable will be determined upon. Possibly a part of Greenland will be traversed by an un a From Greenland the vessel will tail for Iceland, Where like examinations will bo instituted. From Iceland not be omitted. his route will extend from Labrador to | {t wiil procecd to the Faroe Jelands and to North Scotland, Greenland, thence to Iceland, thence to the Faroe islands, and thence to Scotland. This route is about eighteen hundred miles long, end will soon be surveyed with the ‘as the end of the voyage, Along the coasts of Labrador, Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, and in the deep feas beyond, soundings will be taken. Colonet Shaffner thinks that fora sum not exceeding view of Inying a cable along it at some future day. The | $1,500,000 the two continents can be telegraphically con- bark Wyman eailed on the surveying expedition from Boston, on Monday, the 29th inst., having on board of | fully worked ber Tai. P, Shaffner, one of the original projecters of the undertaking. Colonel Shaffner received, some years ago, from the Kirg of Denmark, the exclusive right to land a cable in Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe islands, Thus if this enterprise snoula sucnned, we slail baye one south ern and two northern world circling telegraphs. In what we havo written we have merely referred t> the European lines of telegraph incidentally, and as aux- flisties to the great electric band which 18 %0 @Bcircle the world.and round which tha subtle current will fly as rapid as thought “iteelf. We shall now speak of them more in detail, to show what has been done by otber coun tries in the way of telegraphic enterprize. Sweden and Norway havo a continuous line of telegraph stretching all round their coasts, and in some plaves cross ing the fords aud bays by which the shores of those coun- tries are indented. An interesting fact may be mentioned here in connection with tho Norwegian telegraph, which is employed to apmounce to the various fishing stations along {the coast the arrival of the shoals of Seh which swarm at a certain season in the numerous creeks and inlets. Telegraphic communication bas been establiehed between Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and the diferent islands of those countries. Ii is a fect parti oularly deserving of notice that in Norway, while the whole coast is furrounded by telegraph, there is only one line running into whe interior, In tals respect it presents a very different appearance from Eogiand, which is £0 inter- rected and cut up by telegraph lines as to present on the mup the appearance of a gigantic cobweb, of which Lon. don is the grea: central point to which all the lines con- verge. The Rogsian government, with an extent of country far eurpassing any other Power in Europe, has done a great deal towards bringing the various important parts of iis vast emptre into communication with its capital, On the north the telegraphic system of Russia ex. fends to Fialand; on the south it reacheg to Sebastopol; on the west it stretches severa hundred miles beyond Moscow, {ts ancient cepital; whilo the whole eastern boundary of the country m raced by the continuous line which extends fron. vue border town to another, Fravce bas taken s prominent part in the establishment ta of telegraphic communication and in the advancement of telegraphic science. Toe use that was made by tno tele. graph as a military agent by the French Emperor is known to the world. By means of telegraph lines extend. ing from Paris to the Crimes, he was enabled to direct all the movements of his forces on Sebastopol, and to plan the Gnal argauls on the Malakoff, which terminated tuat famous siege. In the late war with Austria he mads use of the eame ogect with great effect. Tho guccess which attended bis telegraphic operations on the field of Sol- ferino, where the telegraph was made to perform the pert ofan aid.ce-camp—an ald.de.camp which no bulies could reach—is known to all who haye read the account of the concluding victory of the Jtallan campaign. Spain has quite nu extended telegraph system, and ag we recently informed our readers, the Spanish govern- ment bas issued a decree granting a provisions! conces- sionto Mr. Horace G. Perry for the construction of a telegraph to copnect with the trland of Cuba. The conditions oa which this concession is male, ac- cording to the Gazelle of Madrid, are as follows:— The submarine telegraph cable between tho Peniozula and the Spanish Antives will go from Cadiz to the Canary Islands, binding them together (at least that of Tencrifis | ard the Grand Oanary, according as it may be possible siter the survey.) Ib will pags by the islands of Cape Verde, that of San Pablo, that of Fernando de Noronho, the Cape San Roque, the coasts of Brazil, tho cous of hue G) ines, Trinity, the Small Antilles, as far as Puerto | Tico aud Cuba, But the managers will not be allowed to | wniteto that cable any other cables starting from noo Spanish territories on the European coptinent, The management will establish betweon Cadiz and the Canary Iniande, as well ag between Puerto Rico and Cuba, | the nomber of electric wires which it will think snffictent for the daily tervico of all the correspondence between | America and Europes, It wil! bo bound to place a second | cable trom Cediz to the Canary Islands, to unite those | ielance teg: ther and to the peninsula, and another from Peerto Rico to Cuba, when and as the government will Jndge ah ea + is understood that these new cables w: y indeperdent fiom that of the first grant. Tne provintent grant wil be mace for one year from the date of the con- cession. When the cable eball be laid, the company will enjo: smiasine privilege of twenty-five rp keen lines which migbt be projected to end at tho Canary ends and at the Peninsula, starting from tho Antilles. | ‘The tariffs will be determined between the several govern- ments interested. The firat section to be opened for the telegraphic r¢ lence will be that from Cadiz to the Canary Islands. Swirzerland, Italy and Germany are making rapid pro. gress in the eetablishment of telegraph lines, and the whole continent is literally bound together by the lines that rtretch from city to city, and even from village to village. In the whole of Greece there fs, however, but one land Tine, and that does pot extend over thirty or forty miles. 1 conn ecta Athens with the Isle of Syra, and throvgh Syra ‘with Onadia end Kale. nected, via Greenland, with a cable containing three lives of communication, either and all of which can be success: for ical: telegraphic purposes, The longest section will be between Labrador and Greenland, ‘8 distance not exceeding 500 marine miles; from Green- land to Iceland the distance will be from 360 to 600 miles, according to the point of connection with Greenland; from Toeland to the Faroe Isiands, 270 miles; from the Faroe Isiands to Scotland, 200 miles; and from the latter piace to Norway, some 4(0 miles. These sections, he thinks, ae | practioally, though no} with the colerity NEWLY INVENTED -SPLF-ACTING BLECTRIO TELEGRAPH. A citizen of Baltimore has invented a new combination of signais in connection with the electric telegraph which possesses 2ome features of merit. His machine is a self acting one—the message once prepared being placed upon the machine, and then tranamitied without the atteud- ance of any one, The instrument is claimed to be more timple than any now inuse. It can be made at less ex. pense, and will transmit six times as fast as any other in- strument. It transmits not lees than three letters at ove shock, and in many cases six. Nine times out of ten one word is transmitted at a single shock, and in one out of three, two words—this being twice as fastas the mesmage osn be read. The instrument consists simply of two cylinders, each set upon a revolving wheel at cither end of the line, One cylinder is for transmitting and the other for receiving. © meseages are tranamitted by the aid of an alphabet, compoted of pronouns, prepost- tions, verbs, punctuation, &c., with av arrangement of the Engligh ‘alphatet into syllables, as for instance:—Ba, be, bi, bo, bu, by, ca, ce, &c.—thus repeating each con’ songant before all the vowels, and also repeating each vowe!, with the arrangement of certain other letters and Ogures convenient for practical uze. This alphabet is printed around the bottom of both cylinders, each word or syllable being equally distant from the otner. In order to transmit from one of these cylinders to the other, the electric shock is made to continue from one word or syllable to the next one required in the composi. tion of the rentence, as the cylinder revolves. By this ar Targement both the beginning and the endivg of the eho @ mace to convey the intelligence, thus iacreas ing twofold the communicating powor of the telegraph. By the srraygement of the alphabet above described two words are frequently transmitted at once. In no care less than three letters. In order to vive the shocks by the ro volnticn of the transmiiting cylinder, small rows of ping are put through the sides of the ‘niter, the pins extending around the circumference of the cylinder, one row being of an inch above the other, and each pia ina ctly oyer a certain word or eyliable. The cylin der ts prepared for transmitting by writing upon it a num ber of meneages, or an article, which is done by at the ower row of pur and shoving out all the pins be. tween any word or syliabie selected and the next ove re. quired in the composition of asentence. When one row 1g exbaosted the next istaken, and fo on until the cylinder is prepared, When a cylindor is thus arranged it is placed upon the wheel, ard as it revolves the projecting pins strike # little hand which _ an eloctric s10ck, pro- ducipg marks upon tbe paper of the other cylinder. As both cylinders revolve within the seme #psce of time, the marks upon the one and the projecting pine upon the other ere between the sume words or syl- lables. At cach revolution of the cylinder the jittie handa are roved up £0 as to tranenait and receive the next sev- tence of the next row of ping By an arrangament of the um impiicity the revolution of the transmitting cylin- cer is made to regulate by telegraph the velocity of the other, eo as to render any eseeutis! difference of the two mechinea impossiblo, There is « printing instrament whith cap be uscd if desired, that will print the sentences a8 fast as they are received on the paper cover cylinder. There is alsoa bs a inetrument for preparing messages for trantmiasion, by which the operation can be effected ag fast ng the meesege can be read. This instrument can be used for ordinary writing, and it le said to excel any for phonograpbing or reporting now in uee, Tum Dievsion Mex.—Tho Vioksburg Whig tells the fol- lowing story: — When we hear such threats of disunion made by these redoubtable politicians, who appear to breakfast, dine and sup vpen gun powder, round shot, and chain lightning, it Terinds ug of a converestion between Gov, Wise and one ur citizens a few weeks ago in the Capitol at Rich d. The Missies!ppian (the man, not the irae et ent War erxione to know of the Goveruor if he did not thin! the Uriop sbould and could be dissolved, nutican, Toe Governor was careful not to express any opinion, but with » twinkle of ibe 6y@, and gn empbasis peculiar to himeelf, remarked that “be had had gome little experience in such matters on @ fortoer occasion. At one time in 1856 it was confi- deniiy believed in Virginia that Fremont would be elect- od Presicent, and crowds of fire-eaters, who swore that Cen'h was preferable to submiezion, and that something must be done, flocked around him to find out hig opinion *8 to what should be done in such « terriffe crisis. ‘“Reeiet, by all means, gentlemen,” said the Gov- ernor; ‘never think tame submission to such an outrego.” “But how? sald one, ‘by calling = State Convention?” ‘By covening the Legislature ?”’ said ber. ‘By @ convention of the Southern States ?”’ said athird. ‘Ob, nq,’ said the Governor, “by none of these meane—they are too slow—too fluctuating and uncertain.’’ ‘How Ween?” cried the excited and resolute assemblage; “what eball be done?’ Why,’ said the Governor, ‘‘tear up the railroad and take poss of the national armo T¥—appropriate ail the public property—take the government stores at Norfolk, whllo I | thourend men to the Capitol, under your | the inavguration vy force, and take possession | pubic property. It ts true that in a fow jorce enough in Washington | butd—n a man Sens ah pacts | bis country, | the Gover | cheek, a turned : 5 a aL i i i i £ F ih 5 ‘oman taken in ad! | going out, until sot one was left. Bald the by aid about a “er 44 is pat “" Isat THE SMETHUBST POISONING CASE IN ENGLAND A Physician Commits Bigamy and then Poisons the Second Wife to get Possession of her Property. THE PALMER CASE QUTDONE IN HORRORS. Trial, Conviction and Sentence of the Prisoner. History of the Case—The Judge's Summing Up—Rendering of the Verdict—The Prioner’s Speech Asserting his Innocence—Paming Sentence, &., &., &, Tho English papers received by the Africa are full of the proceedings of a most interesting murdor trial which had just taken place in London, and the details of which pos- sessed features as remarkable as the famous Palmer case, which excited so much attention a few years since, The following history of the case presents all ite salient points:— HISTORY OF THE SMETHURST CASE. [From the London News of August 20.) Smnethurs ijeou ot Richmond, has, afer a lat at , the surgeon » a triat five deye, been condemned to death. Like the infamous Palmer, the prisoper was of the medical profession, and like Palmer, too, the crime with which he was charged ‘was secret poisoning. It was difficult to imagine a case more atsocious than the murder of Cook, but it secma that the crime of Smethurat is even more daring and more less. Even now that the jury have pronounced their Verdict it is dificult to believe that any human being abould be guilty of the charge; although, after reading the evidence, it is well pigh impossible to doubt that the ver- dict is thoroughly justified by the faots. The story is full of mystery. This man was not only @ man of educetion, but had retired from his profession and was living with his wife in furnished lodgings. His wile was certainly aa old women, avove seventy, he having married her some thirty years ago; but, ss he himeelf told the jury after the Judge bad assumed the black cap, “he had taken her an exour- sion to Paria and Heidelberg last ret had behaved to her with the utmost kindness, and bad brought her back tafeto Frglatd.” And {t must bo admitted that no single word or act of unkindness appearsever to have escaped from him, No account was given of his previous life, except that he had kept a water cure establishment in the neighborhocd of Farcham. It is siogular that a mano of independent meana and of respsctable connexions should bave been Jeft alone in his difficulties. Not # slagic friend came to support him in the dock, or even to youch for hig former ree, lity. Sometimes the appearance aud manner of a man furnish judications of his character. The murderer shows it in bis face. The innocent man accused faiscly bas a a caim dignity wi inspires re- spect. Smethurat displayed neither of these charac teristics. A sbort, rather thickset man, with brown bair, and somewhat bald, his expression betrayed none of those repuisive features which sometimes mark great criminais. In fact,even the sister of the poor murdered woman describea him as @ ‘kind and tender nuree, and with a countenance showing amiability.” It ia true that in addreesing the Oourt bis voice somewhat trembied; but atthe awful moment after the verdict of “guilty’’ had been pronounced, and the Judge had assumed the black cap, tbe man spoke with an audacious self: possession and ‘a deliberate fluency of fatsehood which confounded those who be@rd him, Tomaris the cloze of act year Mr. and Mra. Smethurat ‘went to reside at the house cf a Miss Smith, at Bayswater. atthis ssmo boute lived two ladies, Miss Loulea and Miss Isabella Bankes. Their connections wore rospecta, bie, ana their pecuniery mesns, amounting to something above £202 year each, readered them quiie independent. Neither of the sisters was young; Miss Isabella had roached the age of forty three, and did not evjoy the best of health. Although ebe was somewhat beyond the age of passion, he seems to have concetved a liking for Dr. Smethurst, ‘and, in fact, thetr conduct 20 scamdalized Miss Smith that she insisted upon their leaving the house. It is not quite clear whether Mies Bankes know that Smethurst was a married man, though baving lived in the same house with bim and bis wife, it is difficult to understaud her igno- rance of ihe fect. The probability is that Smethurst had pereuaced Miss Bankes tbat the old Iady above seventy ‘was not bis real wife; and this conjecture is confirmed by the fact that the ceremony of Tnariage between, Sme- burst and Mies Bankes waz performed at Battersea church at the beginning of last December. However that might be, they left Miss Smith’s, and, after staying @ short timo at a Mrs. Grabowski’s, they finally took up their abode at the house of Mrs. Wheat- Jey, at Alma Villas, Richmond, for which they paid 16s, ® week. According to Smethurat, he had settled the whole matter with bis legitimate wife, and she had agreed to accept a certain sum for her lodgings, and to ask no questions as to where or how he lived. Smethurst and Mies Bankes lived on at Mra. Wheatley’s until the end of leet March, when the lady became very ill. For scme time previously she had suffered from sickness and diarr- bovt, but the disesse was now serious; moreover, it ap- peared that the lady bad become pregnant. In fact, it wae necezsary to callin a doctor, and after some deliberation it wag decided to summon Dr. Jaltus, Dobe leqding practitioner in Richmond. Ii! as the oply attendant, “A™uusoo "tes", minaret obs the landlady, Dut Smothurst objedied™™*zgated by the be wes too poor; thdbgh at the very time he had a balance of some £200 at the Bank. On this affectionate i husband, therefore, devolved ail the dizagreeable Sonic ofthe sick room, The food was mixed and ad- ministered by his own band; the chamber utensils were jaced ovteide the bedroom door by his own hand. oring the day no human being entered that room but Smethuret; during the night no human being gat by the bedside but Smetburet. The complaint under which the poor woman suflered required, above all things, clean!i- bess and pure air, and this Smethurat as modical man muet have weil krown, and yet during the many weeks of ilincss “the bedroom wag never thoroughly cleaned cut,’”’ though, indeed, the bed was made by the landiady every day. lt was eurely @ strange fancy fora man with more than £200 at his banker’s to Insist upon acting the Burree to @ sick woman, and performing ail the most tender and at offices, It was perbaps straoger still that, of the varieties of rice, beef tes, biaucmange, meal, coffee and jolly, that entered that bedroom, not one scrap—except 2ome sour rice—ever came out again. Ifanything was mixed With the poor woman’s food no human being ever had an opportunity of tasting it. According to Smethurst, indeed, his tender regard for Miss Bankes and his parsimony mace him consume all the remnants. Nor is it surprising to find that living upon this diet, with such fatigue, and under puch anxiety, the afllicted husband, as he told the Jury in his parting addregs, should baye lost in weight some sixteen pounds. 1: was on the 5th of April that Dr, Julius first saw the poor Indy whom he took for the wife of Smothurst. Saving learnt the symptoms of the case from him, he Preecribed certain remedies, They gave no relief. ‘tney either stopped the vomiting nor the diarrhws. From the 5th to the 18th he went on trying all sorts of prescip- tions, but without the eligotest effect. At leneta, com- pletely puzzied, me handed over the patient to his Partzer, Dr. Bird. His remedies equally fai'ed. The diseate relaxed not for a moment. Cases were ran- facked by various witnesses from the annals of medicine, but emidgt all the anomalies of disease they searched in Vain for a casa in which no single symptom was abated a jot. At length Dr. Julius came to the conclusion that tomo drog was being adminieterod to counteract the effect of the medi¢ines. Now that drug was, in his opinion, fome irritant poison, Dr Bird, after vainly attempting to stay tho disease, came to the same conclusion. And upon corparing notes it was found that both agreed. Tine, neither Dr. Jutivs nor Dr. Bira had ever seen the poor lady alone. Smetburat was himeclt always in the room, and bitaself explained the symptoms. More medinal ad- vice waa cemandcd, and the emtvent Dr. Todd, of King’s College Hospital, war sent for, He raw ile paticnt, pro- scribed for her; still the bad symptoms were unabated. Dr. Tocd, therefore, cnme to the same conclusion with Dr. Julius and Dr. Bird, that something was administered to Couptoract the effect ot the orcinary modicines, and that It must be gome irritant powon. In short, if, thove, expe- rienced medical men wero to believed, this man alone, in that wretched room in Alma Villas was daily and hourly With bis own hauds administering to the lips of the lonely woman, whore character he had destroyed, scientific doses of that subtle poison which waa atealtbily sapping ber strength and drying up the sources of life—and ail ‘bis under the very eyes of three medical men, one of them at least of the highest reputation. But the end was drawing near. Once only had the sister of poor Isabella Bankes appeared. She came to see ber s'ster about the 19th of April. But even then she was ys permitted to do anything for the «vento make her some Ddlanc: woman—not je OF arrowreot. In spite of her desire to come again, ahe was prevented by Smethurtt; and in fact it was only just before her death, sna when sho was speechlees, that sho was again per. mitted to seo her. But the esme day on which Smethurst wrote to Miss Banks to gay thather sister was too weak to nee her, be calied on an attorney for the pur- pose of getting @ will prepared by whict: Migs Isabella Banker wee to leave him wil ber property. The poor wo- man, torkooth, could not gee ber elster, but #he could see @sirapgo attorney. The allorney came on the Sunday morning, and the will by which Smethurst obtained the wbele property was exocuted, It is worthy of remark that in this will Miss Banker signs in her maiden name, sod Smothurst told the attorney that he was only Hving wih her for @ ecseon. It was just in time, for-on Tuesday, the 3d of May, the helpless victim died, In the meantime arzenic had Deen found in such a wey a8 to prove that is had been deposited in the woman's boay, acd Amethures was apprehended. At first he was released on bis Own recognisances, and Strangely enovgh, when his nursing care was withdrawn from the patient the distressing symp- toms ceased; her exhausted strength, however, was not to be revived. But the body was opened, and in it wee diecovered a certain quantity of antimony. Was it then a mixture of arsenic and antimony which this affec. tiopate husband bad been administering in that lonely bedroom in Richmond? if it was, it tm difficult to conceive heartless, Hore was a married man Vike Maen Neh tm from her sister and her rough the mockery of a marriage to quict ples, analyzing the woakuesses of her constitation until he discovers the means of putting her out of the ‘wey, and then, in that solitary bedroom at Richmond ad- ministering day by day the poisonous drugs In such pro- portions as should ensure death whilst be escaped detec- Yon. True, no do” »t so long as ywor Isapolla Bankes lived there was the income of £5,000 ; but then, #0 fot oe re ' — Urea tere, was the ay an iment for bigamy, and, as it seemed, 10 ditional danger of tho birth 0 a child. What was to be done? As Smethurat told the potroned Jory {his dest would have been to bave ‘ne oa ‘woeusa/ but that was probabi and di must be done at ones. Teabalia Bankes was entirely in bis bande, He reasoned win pimset thus: “Lat bey will, leaving me £1,700. T: eu let her dic of rbiob 1 can jiter—dos +. f arsemic and an- jony—in uch minute quantities $s: traces will not be Ime ois |, 4» @Of escape. But ifl remain as IT the sham. vet at Battorsea be discovered, my > come ‘and then I may be indicted oy, :nd be fh ie olson the the eis meso) ig eeoret, though if the ortae be ais 1 red the chance of an indictment for m ::: er,’’ were feaiful. Smetburst Tho stakes jed bold y Jeoiteh _ Soa play: y and ekilcully, but Neatly four days were consumed in the examination of ‘aves’ importance, it alo the blio If, on the whole case, the jury came to the lusion, as sensibio unea, thph se, cues, fps the hepato’ rg duty to find him not guilty, Tho prisoner was enitied to the benefit of the re. mark made fa.) counsel, that no arsenic or antimony was ia his Bees we pen He was el80 entilled to the benefit of all doubts, #0 far QB they wore grave, serious aud solemn, which m'ght be Yaired by the Nestimoay ‘Drought forwhrd on his behalf, 2 the whole of his now le: career he (the leara- od Judge) had bardiy met with amore remarkable case. Bo. that concluding the lateness of the hour prevented him his addreas that night, and he would then only call their attention to the ciroumstances under which the ution was instituted, and 9 aradanans and: naxs Gay. be read over to them the whole evidence from begin! end, making such remarks upon it as suggested ives to hig mind. Doubtless, the only question they had to decide was tho guilt or geet ap the prisoner, but that divided itself Obviously into queationg—Had the orime imputed to the a, been committed; and if it had, by woom bad it been commitioa? If it had not been committed, there was an end of the inquiry, and tne pri- soner must be acquitted; but there were some other matters to which he wished to direct thelr serious attention, especially the relationship in which the deceased Indy considered she sto’ to the pri. Secon oc tani wet aos Ee a non y, on the charge merely of baving administered polson. At that time Bothing was known about their marriage being mercly a sham, or about the wih baying ‘been made on Sunday, or ‘bout several other efrcumstances. The medical men folt it to betheir duty to make application to the magistrates for bia syvrahensin. Be was accordingly arrested and taket fore them, and then he complained of being torn away from bis dying wife, and implored to be allowed to gotoher assistance. He was liberated on bis ows re- Gognizances, but the next day tho lady dicd, and be wis agein taken into custody, and at Inst committed for thal Tre learned Judge then observed that the conduct of the prisover i marrying leabelia Bankes was in any view im- moral. The marriage on the 19th of December was not only a violation of the law, bat it wasa felony, as he krew he was married to tho old lady at Kildare terrace, Gis conduct also in reference to ibe will, when he thought the deceased was dying, was {mmoral. He procured an attoruey, reluctant to discharge such an office on Sunday, to come early on the moruing of that day, apd stated to him a deliberate falachood. Under what reprercatations Isabella Bankes consented to become bis wife they could not gather, and probably it would ne- ver be ascertained; but, being a married mau, he took her to church and went through tbe wolemn ceremony of marriage with her, in violation of the duty he owed to tho upbsppy woman, to ber family, and to society. It was uot, however, for that reason they would ficd-him guilty of the present charge, which must be mado oul by putiiog Various facts togethor—euch as taking the soup out of the room to cool it, and other incidents, Thero might be nothing aga‘nat ‘bim tn ing the sister away, as that might be part of the syatem for getting porsesrion of the property. is lordship then maid that the jury would have to consider whcther Yeabella Backes was « partuor in the guilt and crime of the transaction with ri a to the mar- riage. She was a lady of reapectable conzectious, pos- sessing an interest in £5,000, which } cided ber £150 a year, and avo entitled to & suare in a mortgage, to the Amount of £7,000 odd, producing about £70 more. Her in- come altogether wasfuliy £220a year, and thorofore she bad no motive of wantto unite herself to the prisoner. She was 43 years of age and the prisoner 48, aud there could be no doubt that they were on familiar terms together, as that bad been proved by Mrs. Smith, ia whose s g up. Te valid thet if the prisoner had considered tt mate- rial to prove the fact be had just assorted he could have ‘present there was mo eviderco upon tae way or the ‘as | fused to have « nurse, iy ‘vent her from visiting | gre for not having « mi it, when at this: very income of £220 a year, and mapety might have been expended u ceused. It also appeared food that was administered to Towed to remain; it was always thrown person ever bad an op; of one of the facts in the case, and their own {ference from it, It wi Fescect that w fh ? tsttice uli! frais F 3 Of death, no more of the de! His Lda 7 then referred to the pistor of the deceased, and to the ex! sion of the prisoner to ber, that if she wasquiet, “it would be aliright’’ Atthis interview the jury would also member that the decoased ‘that some tapioca’ wasin the roem bad a nasty taste, and that when’ ker ister offered to. make, her some, the prisoner said the milk bad pot come; and when she proposed to make 80% blancmange the prisoper alzo objected to thison the — aie 1 migns offend. mer pmo The prisoner theo, >ave the an effory Gracghs, ann they Waele reawember that be went ou' the rocm to wix it, and that the moment ‘the deceased fook it ehe was sick, and that upon, nis, giving milk ebortly afterwarda she was egain Sok,“ attr tute Jaterview it appeared that the prisoner had taken every means in his power to prevent the deceased ber sis ter, upon the ground that the doctors forbade it;’ not the truth. Woy was not the sister informed om the 30: of April, when she was atlowed to seo the deoonsed that she had made her will om that could have been the object of the pi jn wishing | ‘the young woman who wasa witness to told that it was some Conucery paper, and not tnat ft wih? woald have been practised upoa her it the etraighiforward a\torney bad not insisted upon her being told whatebe was signing. These, it ap) were very material facts iu the inquiry, and form their own conclusions upom them. His observed upon the fect.of Miss Louisa Bankes, t away on the day before the death A this fact very probably was more in conn ve tbat bad just et eae and fri that toe deceased mi ment fevor of a beloved aiater, than witk the actual the deceased, but stiit it was a fact im the case, and it be taken into thelr consid: Ho then referred. the fact thatafter the prisoner ceased to attend ap: deceased she did not vomit when food was given ard that he said that the parties abont the deceased taken t ‘Sponsibility,and be should not thing or pay apything, although at this time oonsider: amount of the deceased’s own bevker' His lordenip then jury to the fact that the will, i . f i i i 3 f is i f rn tii] st Sar e 6 ay ERE A 53 § E i F at FEE house they met, but it was quite clear that Migs Bankes would have nothivg todo with bim uniesshe married her. Thep came the question—what did aho suppose was the value of that marriage. There was little to throw light upon that point, but the prisoner, by tho desire of the deceased, after she became ill, wrote a letter to her nister, dated the 18th of April, the day on which Dr. Jabus first entertained his suspicions. It was in these terms: PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL. Drar Miss Banxes—Your dear sister Isabel'a wishes me to request the favor of your upon her as early ayconve ‘wishes me to euy that you will greatly blige by coining aioas me to: in and ek for Dr. aad Men Smetblret, thst you have called tosee your sftter, and that you breathe not a ot this note to apy one She further withes me to asy that she cannot aak you to remain; she simply solicits seeing you for the present. Rail trom Waterloo station about every hilf bour, sxd Richmond "busses from the White Horse Cellar, Piccadilly, about as often. I remain, dear Miss Bankes, yoars fs ‘7. SMETHU AST, 10 Alma villas, Richmond hill, April 18, 1859. ‘The sister, Miss Louisa Bankes, did go down to Richmond, and a most remarkable conversation then occurred. The deceased, on eceing her, was excited, and well she might be; butsho gald, “When I get well it will be right,” and vurning to the prisoner gaid, Wont it,” upon which he nodded bis head, meaning it’ would be ali right, Now, what did that conversation mean? The only way of nat. ing the matter right was by showing the marriage with the frst wife was bad, or po marriago at all,or some ‘T Feagons entitling bim to sake altar. he na Txaballa Bankes to the ‘These — 1° wan = mark Cera and a farce could not bs doubied; but did she possess the same knowledge? His lordship then read the affectionate letter of the deceased to her sister, of the 18in of April, beginving, ‘My dearest Leo,’ and sayiog how happy she was, and asked tho jury if that was like the com. position of w Iady in good position in society, with an ample independent income, who had gold herself to a married man, who could give her no resompense, and thus brought hergelf tothe most degraded atate in which a woiwan could be placed? It was for the jury to say whother her concuct was referable to tome repre- sentation made to her and to her kieter, who came away ‘wit the opinion that it would all bo right. In the will the was studiouely called ‘‘spinister,’”’ aad the signature to it was “ Ieabella Bankes,” not ‘ Isxbella Smothurat.”? He wished he bad not.to advert to another instance of falrehood , which abounded more or less in every part of the cage. On tbe 30th of April, the day before the will was executed, the prisoner wrote ibis letter to Mise Louisa Bevkes.— Deanver Miss Bangrs:-—In reply to your favor of day's date, I'am exceosingly eorry to aay dear Bells has parsed a wretchediy bad night, passed fifleen motions in the wenty four hours, and of ® very bad descripticn There is Tow s0 much blood in the stools, and besides which there is an entire want of appetite, consequentty 4 have great dresd for the result, She read your kind letter, and agrees with me that it will be better that you should be near to us, eo that {f you willrun down as esrly as convenient you can then take a room or rooms near at hand. It will, indeed, be a soarce of comfort to me to have you with us. X much regret there t# no accom- medation in ibis house for you, aa we vcsupy all that there is let, and bavenct room enongh for ourselves. Dearest Sella ds her kindest love, and with very good wi yours faNbfuily, kK: ArRiL SO, 1889, lah, believe ma HumAS BMAIAU RST, Now, althongh the prisoner represented fo that letter that the deceased wag in sich # state that her sister could not be permitted to see her for foar of agita! her, on the foliowing morning (Sunday) he brought into ber room @ strange mand, an attorney, to read over her will to her—a sirapge day, however, for euch a busivess;“‘A0d the will being read} over to the dying woman, he asked her to eign it, end this will made over all her proper:y to the prisoner.» The circumstances of degradation were concealed from every one but the attorney, and he was told by the prisorer that they were not married, but that they would bo marrica when she got better, and thet the will wae to be mxce out jn her maiden name, Isabelle, a8 she was ulive to the poiut on which womon were most sen- sitive, acd she might bave been told and thougdt thas until the circumetance wes clearod up and made “ all right,” and the marriage publicly avowed, it was better, erpecially when she Cid an act in favor of the prisozer, to employ her maiden name, Bat thia was clear, that at the moet Critical moment of her iilness—when death waa in {aot impending—the prisoner, while he admitted this strange man to ber room, kept away her dearest relative from her dying bed aud deprived her of the consolation of aclergyman, (The learned Judge here seemed much af- fected.) He at once avowed that he could not look with. out emotion cn that geene of suffering and privation, whatever the cause, with relations excluded and an at- torney thrust pon her,and the unhappy creature al- lowed to pags to another world without one word of re- ligious consolation, as if she were an unbeliever in a heathen land, When the prisoner was arrested the fol- lowing letter was found upon him, sealed up and ad- dreseed to his wife :— Monpay, May 3, 1859, “ My Dean Many :—I have not been able to leave for town, I expected. in consequence of my mi aid being re- oired fo a cage of illness. I shall. however, see you as goon «possible Ebould snythiog unforseen prevent my leaving fox town before tke 1th, { will rend yous eheqne for smi money and extras Iwillsend £5, fam quite well and ho you ete the same, and thet | abail fird you 20 whan I nee you, whion I trust will not be long firat. Present my kind regards to the #roitha snd all old iniende of the hones. 1 heard crom James the otter day, and be said be bad called thet you bad gone out for a walk, With dest love, ello, youre affecticnately, THOMS BMBTHURS: Was that the letier of a man who did not mean to re- turn to his wife? He then proceeded to say that tho Jearned couneel for the prisoner had endeavored to show that he bad no pecupiary motives for tho death of do- ceaned, Inasmuch as he would be entitled to receive the intercet on £5,000 (£150 a year) during her lifetime; but, on the other baud, it should not be forgotten that if the will of the decesred was acted upon, he would at once come into possersion of £1,700 or £1,800, which would bave amounted to twelve years’ purchase of the dividend. It had been said that Dr. Julius sheuld have interfered sooner than he did; but it appeared to him that he acted very properly. The er apd the d ‘were supposed to be persons of respectability, end was a very serious thing to make « charge of po'soning under euch cHroums }, When there was no ive evidence to support it at that time. The learned Judge then refer. red to other portions of the‘case, and at tweuty-one mi. nutes to six o'clock the Court adjoarned. FIFTH DAY—AvGUST 19. ‘The trial was this morning shortly after nine o'clock, before Lord’Chief Baron Pollock. ‘The prisoner appeared very dejected, and was evidenty affe ‘by his position, He was allowed to be seated, as on the previous days of the trial. bi Loder ey Nilgd opp be duhedneohihye up of the crse jury, wi Prisoner w him end sid ho should wlah to be allowed to mako'a few observations in reference to a ion of what his lordship ee eer ere 5 ‘The Lord Baron told him that anything he wished to sey abould be said through his cor 5 ‘The prisoner said that all he wished to observe was that his lordsb!p bad spoken of him as being a medioal man in ectual practice, when the fact was that be had retired trem praotice atx yeaya The_Lord CUiet Baron thea proceeded with his musenicg ‘ouler- signatures, was all in handwriting of and hare “be was ef ne that it by a barrister, as the prieoner bed new he believed, gone through what called the pergonal history of next portion of the caze would be Leigmeree then read the evidence of Dre. Julies jird as 10 Bave apy good effect; ‘mm é Gee: I i i m appeared to have forced itself oye the minds of the witnesses that the disease under which the deceased suffering wae note natural ef wi bad said that notwithstanding bad been spoken of, he should poison. But was not this a ment? ena dceeription Semen to ae bose otmiaeeredt eal vay? i) of bok we “iycomnatie ued, spot alts nt hare trained ot shu gaoace of poison, and should have consid ot a ciroumetances under which by Dr. Bird, and he said there could be po doubt that he had not told the truth to the prisoner when in- formed him that his object In obtaining this po) was to examine it under the microscope to sce whether it con- fained pus. Under almost every circumstance the truth ought not to be departed from, but there were occasions when it was excusabje, and Dr, Bird thought that he could not have effected the object he had in view, whick was that the evacuation should be analyzed by Dr. Taylor, if he bad told the er what was his real object. learned Judge then referrod to the circumstances ed with the first arrest of the prisoner, and said that although he did not blame the magistrate for allowing him to go at large upon his own recognizanoes, whi of course was nO reourity at all, still he could not belp observing that it afforded pein for this argument, that the magistrate thought so lightly of the pre that security. He did Ep be siusienen we anne without Rot go along w! je learned sergeant who conducted prosecution, that it was lamentable the prisoner had Soe ailowed to go plage on the Monday, as it geve him an opportunity of i away with any poison that might have been in his porsersion; but there was always this obrervation to be made, that ho was in the house by him- self the whole of the Monday night, and this fact should be viewed in connection with the point that had beem urged on behalf of the {Semmes ‘that no poison of auy kind bad been traced to his posgeasion. If, however, the jury should be satisfied that the decossed died of poigon of some kind or other, and that thls pooa must Dave been administered by tho prisoner, It appeared to him; that the fact of not finding ou the prisoner or under the control “of fea er was not of so much importance, The Lord Chief Baron thon said that the next portion of the evi- dence would be tho post mortem examination; but he should not go into that evidence at any length uulees the couneel for the prisoner considered It necessary for his in. terest that he should do go, Sergeant Parry sald that ho was certainly desirous that all (be facts should be laid before the jury, The Lard Chief Baron then read the evidence of the wit- nerees who spoke to the appearances that presonted them- selves upon the post mortem examination, ‘The next wit- ness whose evidence he reforred to was Dr. Todd. This gentleman, ho said, waa a man of great eminence; he had an ample opportunity to examine the deceased and to sec the symptoms that were cxhibited; and what was tho. conolusion that he almost imiedistely arrived at? Why, that the lady wag not suffering from avy Known diseage, but from the exhibition of an irritant poleon. Ts being now one o'clock, the Court and jury adjourned for the purpose of taking refreshment, On their return, His Lordship again proceed with bis summing ap, and observed that the whole of the medical men who bad been: examined, who wero all men of experience im their pro- foasion, concuyred in expreesing the that the symp- toms exhibited by thin unhappy were unlike those of avy known disease, and were more sgcribable to the ‘administration of en irritant poison than tw. disorder. His Lordsh{p then proceeded to call the atten- tion of the jury to the evidence of Dr. lor. He snid that the counsel for the prisoner bad welea great deal of the mistake that was made by that gentleman, and he hada perfect right todoso. It , however, that it was clearly a mistake, and that it was owing toa new discovery in science that chlorate of potass would dissolve copper, and Dr. Odling, one of the most celebrated and experienced chemists of the day, admitted that he should have made the same mistake under similar circum- stances, They must therefore look at this fact fairly and entirely, and give no more offect it than it reaily deserved, and he certainy considered that the learned counsel for the right to ask them to dismiss Dr. jlor’s. evidence altogether In consequence of this mi . Iknown until this time that chlorate of poiass would dis- solve copper, atid Professor Brand and al the other wit. netses stated that Reintsch’s test, as it was for the diecovery of —_, was looked v} a om certainty as before. Dr. frankly mitted his mistake; and if it really arose from a new fact in sotence, he thought it would be rather too much to say that upon such a ground Dr. Taylor’s evidence should be altogether rejected. This was, however, a question for the jury, and ho had no doubt that they would deal with it in @ proper manner, His lordship said that with one or two other witnessos the case for the. prose: closed, and bo gave s brief resumé of the principal points that were relied on, which it will be unnecessary to re- bee ty and be then to comment upon the evi- lence for the prisoner. Many witnesses, he » were called, and thelr evidence appeared to be to the offect, that according to their opinion and experience, the symp- (om that bad been Sent to wore net consistent ‘with a cage of slow arsonical poisoning, and that a great many symtoms which are almost invariable exhibited teal of thelr tetasouy also west Yo bow. Unto ony also weal wr would not have the elect ei ell the arsenia m the prem more rapidly: regerd to this of the evidence, after the discovery that no arsenia res ee oe an No. 21,8 ‘thet ‘was of no value whatever, fo counsel had a porfoct right (0 use it bo allack the evidence of Dr. Taylor, and to show that it ought not to izeree cog. from partoning ais wit ee, coming from @ to their having been examined upon e particul Ten to him that neither of tone facts aii i ‘ance, and that heir testimony connidered totally irrespsctive of either, of ances, Anothor portion ¢€ whe eysiqneg > z 2 E i é rn SERRE i i . ’