The New York Herald Newspaper, August 29, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR aND PROPRIETOR, OFFICE &. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU OTS. TERMS, cash tn adeancs. Money sont hy matt wil bs at the rior de eerder” Posuge sampe not received aa eubscription THe DAILY HERALD, woo cents . 81 per anman THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, al 1c: ct ‘or $3 per avnum; the European Edition Wed conta per ‘Sever annum to any part of rt Briain Baajornda, fe as hod A Ot SK con od obs cola PURE FAMILY HERALD on Wednesday, at four conte per sopy, or $3 perannum, ete So. 239 Wolaame XKIV,,.........ssssersrereretet® AMUSEMENUS THIS EVERING. —BCHOOLMASTER—TiGET EN, Broadway. Buack Kwiaut—Cant BOWERY THEATER, Sowery.— Any apmi—Pree’s Pax WALLAOK’S THEATRE, Broaéway.—Ganitvore, KMENS’S THEATRE, 64 Brosdway.—Hovss ano Hows—Ovs Cusnx3. fHBATES Onatham street. —HUNTER's Pirie “vert Bunw—Wanpening Bors. BARNUMS AMEE! MUSEUM, Broadway.—Afier: ‘poom and cresting MULnEng OF Soutbo Visas ‘UITLZRNS, WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 661 and 663 Brosaway— amorus ‘sone. ‘Davos, £0—Danon ann Preuss, BELasTS ‘Bowizaques, MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, «73 Broadway— tones, Lanons, 40 —Jounnr Gover. PaLade GARDEN AND. HALL, Fourteenth sireet,— ‘Vooan anp LNSTRUMENTAL ONCERT. New York, Munday, August 29, 1850. Ni: EPO Lan OS, NB BS at le The News, The despatch sent by the Agent of the Associated Press from Liverpool to Cork, brought by the City of Washington, which passed Cape Race on Wednes- day last, and which but for some mismanage- ment we should haye received before, is given in full this morning. A small portion of it was given in yesterday’s paper. The Zurich Confer ence was in daily session, but had made but little progress in the subjects under discussion. A fire occurred in Liverpool on the night of August 17, by which large quantities of cotton and grain were destroyed. The day of sailing of the steamship Great Eastern for Portland had been postponed from the Ist to the 15th of October. Cotton was very dull, but quotations unchanged. Breadstuffs and provisions dull, with slow sales. Consols 95} a 955. The reports of Professors Torrey and Chilton on the quality of the Croton water are given else- where in our paper this morning. After a fall ex” amination they arrive at the conclusion that the unpleasant flavor complained of was occasioned by an unusual aquatic plant found in Croton Lake, which they declare to he of a perfectly harmless character, and that the wholesomeness of the water has not been impaired by it in the slightest degree. Dr. Chilton states that the unpleasant taste is fast disappearing, and that the water has nearly re- gained its normal condition, and concludes by say- ing that he finds the Croton at the present time purer and containing fewer inorganic constituents than it has since its introduction into the city. Our city was unusually quiet yesterday, anda general observance of the Sunday laws was mani fest—so far as related to an external view. The weather was cool for this time of the year, but even this did not retard our citizens, and especially our artizans, from making their accustomed Sunday ex- cursions by railroad and steamboat to the suburbs In the evening the atmosphere was quite cool, with a fresh breeze blowing, which gave us a fore- taste of the autumnal season. Much excitement existed in Hudson City, N. J., yesterday, in consequence of an attempt being made by the Mayor of that place to close the German gardens along Pallisade avenue. On the previous Sunday, in company with two officers, he had ar- rested four of the proprietors, but on attempting to arrest the keepers of a large establishment, he was driven off by the excited visiters. Yesterday the Mayor summoned fifty men to aid him, but at the appointed hour but two made their appearance, and the matter was laid over for another week. These gardens are nearly all situated considerable distance from the village, no liquor is permitted to be soldin them on Sunday, and a number of the prominent citizens of Hudson had expressed them- selves surprised at the course of the Mayor. Our special Washington despatch this morning informs us that Attorney General Black has re- ceived a letter from Vice President Breckinridge deprecating the use of his name as a candidate for the Presidency. Itis stated that he would prefer six years service in the Senate, and that the new Legislature of Kentucky will elect him as the suc- cessor of John J. Crittenden, whose term expires in 1861. The Douglas manifesto had created great confusion in the republican camp, and it was con- sidered a bold attempt to appropriate all that is popular in their nigger business. We have advices from Kingston, Jamaica, to the 29th of July. D’Cordova’s Mercantile Intelligencer states that business has continued in the same dull and unsatisfactory state as was last reported. Con- fidence was somewhat shaken, owing to recent fail- ures, and purchases were made with caution. Some little time must elapse before a more active state of business can be anticipated. The same ac- tivity as formerly noticed had continued for meal and rice. Ground provisions would soon be in fair supply, when the consumption of these arti- cles would be lessened. The letters from our correspondents at Granada, Realejo, Managua, Guatemala and Panama, given elsewhere in our paper, will give our readers who are interested in Central American affairs a de- tailed history of events in that portion of the world. Our correspondence from all parts of Mexico, published this morning, furnish a fall account of the condition of affairs in that distracted republic. Juarez, it is stated, is carrying out his reforms with increased energy in Vera Cruz, and his govern" ment was evidently gaining strength and confi- dence, The annexed table shows the temperature of the Atmosphere in this city during the past weel, the Fange of the barometer and thermometer, the variation of wind currents and the state of the weather at three periods during each day, viz: at 9 A. M., and 3 and 9 o'clock P. M. ‘REMARKS, Bonsae? souer all day sau night, —Clear all day Monsay. ‘il any aba rene \got, rain. i: orcast, with rain; aft " Thareiee Sowing froeh; might” rain. rae 4 'y—Morniog, overcast; afternoon, cloudy; night, Friday—Cloudy ali da; Saturday—ciouay, 7 M84 night. Saeecs market was quiet on Saturday, as merchants aie powed to await the receipt of private lottere due NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 1859. 48 a $1 50; fair to good white Southern at $1 360 $1 42, and pew red do. at $1 26. Cora was leas active, ‘with ssles of old Western mixed at 78¢., now do. in store The Golden Tides of Commerce in New York—} States and Englandin regard to Mexico; and as Tae True Poiley for Our Banks to Pursue. the lat : A few years ago the announcement of the ar- tei sc bas tpreng Aarne | nearly swept of suppties, and the stock remaintog on hand and afloat at 800, « 82c., aod Joreey yellow at 850. Pork was firmer, with moderate sales, including new moos at $14 8734 a $14 50, and of prime at $10 25. Sagars were steady, and the advance on the weok’s sales reached about 340. perlb. over those current the previous week. ‘The sales embraced about 700 hnds., at raics given in an” other place, Coffoe was firm, but quiet. Thore was quite s movement in potashes, and the sales embraced no less than 780 bbls. at 53¢0., for export, The market was rival of two millions of gold in our harbor would beve thrown Wall street into ecetacies, and caused balf the city newspapers to issue extras; snd the departure of 4 million anda half of dollars in epecie from New York for Europé would have apreed a feeling of gloom over the commercial community of the whole country. Now these things are unconcernedly looked upon as matters of course, On Saturday the Moses Taylor arrived, bringing $2,126,000 in treasure, and the Vanderbilt and City of Balti- more departed, taking $1,396,000 to the bullion markets of the Old World. For ten years this steady stream of gold, averaging fifty millions of dollars a year, bas been pouring in upon us, and to-day it shows no eign of cessation or even ot diminution, Rather does it seem as though California, with ber increasing population and avgmented mechanical means for working her Tich deposita, was increasing her product of the precious metal, and that for the next three or five years we shall receive a still greater supply from her. This steady and permanent flow of wealth is producing a rapid and great change in the character and aspect of our city, and on its influence as one of the money centres of the world. It bas been the great corrector of our banking eystem, and has placed it on euch atable foundations that it has become the ruler of the monetary circles of the whole Union, and at the same time it has stimulated the growth and prorperity of our commerce in an extraordinary degree. _ While our trade has become truly metropolitan in its character and dimensions, our city has been converted into a city of palsces, where merchant princes dwell. The relations of these with every part of the world have grown with the growth of the golden stream from California ; and the increase of New York is enabled by it to keep pace with the increase manifested by the growing prosperity of every section of the Union, In conjunction with this golden current, another, of silver, has begun to flow New York-wards from Mexico. From the Northern Statcs of that republic the stream of wealth that bas so long run through the city of Mexico to Vera Cruz, and thence to England, has been turned north- ward, and within a few weeks past we have chronicled the arrival at Brownsville and New Orleans of nearly two millions of dollars in silver fromthe Mexican mint, and a fortnight since the steamship Gravada brought $500,000 of it here. The prospect of the estab- lishment of more enlightened political and financial views, and of public order; in that re- public, will increase this new tide of wealth, and within ne distant period the import of silver from that republic can be made to equal that of gold from California. One of the difficulties that will be encountered in its developement is the high price of quicksilver consequent upon the stopping of the workings of the New Almaden mines in California. These mines are now in svit, under a claim of the United States, and it is to be hoped that it will soon be brought toa close. The supply of quicksilver has an impor- tant bearing on the working of the mines of Mexico, and the ccesation of that from the New Almaden mines is productive of sericus injury to the whole country. These increasing tides of precious metals operate on every interest through our banking system. If the New York banks are conducted with judgment and prudence, avoiding wild ex- paneions and equally wild contractions, the whole country will experience a period of steady and permanent prosperity in the next three or five years, equal to anything that has been witnessed in the most speculative timea of the past. We do not claim that they shall tie themeelves down to any fixed eet of figures as the maximum or the minimum of their loans and was hold at a further advance of 30. a 0. per Ib. Freight engagements were moderate, while rates wore firm, Mr. Douglas, the Democracy and the Charies- ton Convention. In bis Jast patent-right manifesto on slavery in the Territories, Mr. Douglas says “there are rai cal differences” of opinion among the democracy on the subject, and that the disagreeing .ctious may be classed as follows:— First. Those who believs that the constitution of the legally to contro! at “leaves the reo to form ane rej their entic own wey, Bubject only to the constitution of the United States.” Seoond. Those who believe that the constitution estab- Vahes slavery in the ferritories, and withhoids from Oon- ‘and the Territorial Legisiavure the power to control SE ciceeetenter cee eines tare failing to ena requi i penetra rrsoe rome. ‘Those who, while Caiageges to believe that the constitution eatabiehes, slavery in toe Terri the power of Congress or the Territorial Legisistare to omtrol it, at the same time protest against the duty of Congress to interfere tor ite protection; but inaiet that it fg tbe duty of the Judiciary to protect and rcaintain aver in the Territories without aay law upon the sub- subj Then follows the argument of the Senator to prove that the true and only tenable position is that occupied by the first of theee three classea— the position of “popular sovereignty” —which accords to the Territorial authorities, as to the authorities of a State, the right, by “friendly or unfriendly legislation, to encourage or exclude the institution of slavery.” a This is the Presidential platform of Mr. Doug- las—his bid for the suffrages of the Northern de- mocracy, and his ultimatum to the South and the Charleston Convention. Heretofore the can- didate has held himself subject to the decision of the Convention, but now the rule is reversed, and eight or nine months in advance of the Conven- tion this candidate declares it subject to his decision. In 1854 he introduced this “popu- lar sovereignty” doctrine as a peace offering for the sweet voices of the South. It failed; for the South, to save the balance of power in the North, were compelled in 1856 to set aside Mr. Douglas and fall back upon Mr. Bucha- nan, a man whose hands were innocent of any contact with that Kansas-Nebraska bill. Now, Kansas, through the incessant exertions, contributions, emigrations and electioneering agitations of the republican anti-slavery poli- ticians, having been wrested from the South, Mr. Douglas turns his back upon his original idea of inaking Kansas a slave State, and looks menac- ingly at the South, as a Northera man, from this movable platform of “popular sovereignty.” The original “true intent and meaning” of the Kaneas-Nebraska bill was to make Kansas a slave State; and for their efforts in this direc: tion Mr. Douglas and Mr. Pierce each expected to command the Southern vote in the Cincinnati Convention. The tremendous reaction and re- volution which followed this bold Presidential experiment in the North spoiled the whole pro- gramme, both with regard to Kaneas and to the politicians concerned in the movement. There wasa terrible slaughter among them, and, to save himself at home, Mr. Douglas felt compelled to abandon his own bantling and a democratic administration, whose duty it was to adopt this bantling as the legitimate offepring of the Kan- sac-Nebraska bill. But in thus saving himself in Illinois, Mr. Douglas has torn the national democratic party into the three factions de- scribed; whereas, had he stood fast by the Ad- ministration, even if defeated in Illinois, he duct of its representative there, there is no doubt that the machinations of Otway and Gabriac, which have 60 much contributed to prolong Mext- can discord, will coon be brought to an end, if they are not already stopped. The Cestion of Belize—Protests in Gua- temala. Some weeks ago we announced the conclusion of a treaty between Great Britain and Guate- mala, by the terms of which an unconditional cession is made to Great Britain of the territory hitherto known as Belize, or British Honduras We theu sta'ed that the ratification of the treaty had met with strong opposition in the Guate- malan Consejo del Estado, or Council of State, and wos only carried by a majority of three votes. We are now able to publish the didamen or protest of the minority of the Council against the ratification of the treaty, reported by the Councillor Valenzuela on behalf of his col- leagues in the opposition. It is a document of much political interest, and we have no doubt will reach our own government for the first time in the columns of the Henaxp; for it is too much to suppose that either Mr. Beverly Clark, our extra-efficient Minister in Guate- mala, or the equally efficient Mr. Dallas, our imposing Minister in London, knows any- thing either of the treaty or the protest. Kvowledge of this kind is not necessary to the formal and punctual drawing of salary, which seems to be the chief occupation of the well paid functionaries in question. The last steamer from England informs us that Mr. Wyke, who, as Consul General of Great Britain in Guatemala, negotiated this treaty, has been appointed Envoy Extraordinary in Central America, We capnot suppose that he is to su- persede Sir William Gore Ouseley, and are led to believe that the appointment is made in recog- nition of bis eervices in concluding the treaty, and to enable him to exchange its ratifications with a dignity becoming its importance. In referring to this cession we have hitherto abstained from apy discussion of the general commercial and industrial results which may follow on it, but have confined our- selves to the political aspects of the ease. These are aufficiently momentous, so far as the United States is concerned, and will no doubt revive in an intensified form the unsettled questions with Great Britain in regard to Central America. Senor Valenzuela has very clearly pointed out the issue which must inevitably come up with the consamma- tion of this treaty, from its incompatibilty with the provisions of the convention of 1850 known ag the Clayton-Bulwer treaty. That provides that neither Great Britain nor the United States shall “occupy, or assume, or exercise dominion over any part of Central America.” By the fact of treating with Guatemala, Great Britain concedes that Belize falls within the area re- served by the convention of 1850, politically as well as geographically; and over this consider- able portion of Central America she effectively aseumes, under the present treaty, all the rights and titlee of dominion—precisely what she binds hereelf not to do in her convention with the United States. Her treaty with Guatemala, therefore, is an open and unqualified violation, in letter and epeech, of her convention with the United States, and her bad faith towards the latter is pointedly used by Sevor Valenzuela in opposition to the treaty he was called on to ratify; for, he argues, if Great Britain violates her treaties with a powerfal country like the United States, what can a weak State like Guatemala expect from the same unscrupulous hands? itis rather humiliating, we must confess, to be reminded by a local statesman in Guatemala that we are quictly submitting to the degrada- tion of adhering to a convention ourselves, would be standing to-day ia a national position while the other contracting party openly and eneral operatior These must ith ow sn ath anal a ae aieoain oe sd | persistently violates its provisions, as in the merchants. The limit of loans that would have | C#¢ of the colony of the Bay Islands. Let us been salutary for the New York banks five years | confees the fact; but let us at the same time | hope that we have manliness and self-respect ago would be preposterously disproportionate ae But they should not renee admit. | enough to Insist on an immediate and uncon- of impregnable strength as a Presidential can- didate. As it is, we say that in deserting the doctrine of “popular sovereignty” at the critical point, Mr. Douglas has made it appear an imposition and a trick, which “stinks in the nostrils” of the Southern expounders of his Kansas-Nebraska Dill. It is not “the entertainment to which they were invited.” They have been deceived in their man and in his peace offering. Kansas is an incipient free State; and upon this result he now proclaims his doctrine of “popular sovereignty,” not as a candidate for Southern favors, but as a Northern candidate holding a Northern balance of power. In this character, having issued and reiterated his ultimatum to the Charleston Convention, and having already secured in the election of certain Northern delegates a lodgment therein, the first business of that body, contrary to all precedent, will be the platform of the party. Should Mr. Douglas be able to rally together a majority sufficient to carry his one idea of “popular sove- reignty,” we dare say that that majority will be left alone in their glory in the matter of the candidate, and that the democracy will at once be divided into two hostile sectional camps. The only way of escape with the platform will be in a tiesue of “glittering generalities,” and then, to avoid a one sided construction, all such candidates of one idea as Douglas, Wise, Davis and Brown, must be set aside. Mr. Douglas, we do not suppose, will abandon his ground. He has gone too far to retreat. He must maintain his position. The section which he represents may also stand by him at Charles- ton; but, as it is the South which furnishes the substantial votes to the democratic party, the moral strength of the South in the Convention will be very apt to override the numerical repre- sentation from the North. In any event, we may safely predict one of two things from the Con- vention—either the repudiation of Mr. Douglas with his platform, or a sectional disruption of the party, with a Northern and a Southern ticket for the Presidency. In other words, from all the circumstances of the case, Mr. Douglas must congent to stand aside and submit to the Charleston Convention in 1860, or be content to repeat the unprofitable revenge of Van Buren of 1848. ting the necessary increase. Business every: where increases faster than capital, as is readily seen in the individual experience of every mer- chant in his own trade. Capital increases, too, and the law for our banks to adopt is to increase their accommodation with the increase of capital, rather than with the increase of demand for it. By pursuing this course we shall have a steady and at the same time a sound growth of our ma- terial prosperity. ; Arrams IN Mrxtco—Increasep Enercy or THE JvaReZ GovERNMENT.—We publish to-day a series of interesting letters from Mexico, com- prising our correspondence from Vera Cruz, Minatitlan, Mazatlan and Monterey. They give an excellent view of the civil war now going on in that republic between the people on one side, under the constitutional government of Presi- dent Juarez, and the rebellious privileged classes of the clergy and military, under the lead of Miramon, i The general tenor of these accounts shows that the Juarez government is continually gain- ing strength and efficiency, while the Insurgents show an increasing er and weakness. The former are in possession of all the ports and the whole frontier of the republic, and seventeen out of the twenty-two States sustain the constitu- tional government. The decree nationalizing the church property was everywhere very popu- Jar, and had imparted greater strength and energy to the government of President Juarez. He had taken another step in the overthrow of the church tyranny, in declaring marriage a civil contract. The general policy which the constitutional government {s pursuing demon- strates that the true revolution of Mexico is now going on, and that the final struggle there be- tween the political ideas of the age and the ecclesiastical and military class is rapidly approaching. While these events are passing there, the lead- , ing minds in every part of the world are turning to this country in the expectation of seeing us take that leading position in relation to the policy and movements of the commu- nities south of us that belongs to the first re- public of the age. Senor Lerdo, the Mexican Secretary of the Treasury, and the great ad- vocate of the new ideas which are so rapidly ger- minating in Mexico, is now in Washington, con- ferring with Mr. Buchanan on the subject of the new relations of the two countries. In Europe the British government and the British holders of Mexican bonds are looking to the powers in Washington and Wall street and awaiting their action, on which they now base their hopes of the re-establishment of peace and order in Mexi- co. France is too much occupied with European complications to involve itself in any opposition to the course of the united policy of the United IsPRoVEMENT IN THE Crry’s HesLta.—We are glad to see by the City Inspector's mortality return that the health of the city has improved very much within the last week. The deaths for the week ending last Saturday show # decrease of eeventy-eight as compared with the previous week. As the deaths that week were unusually numerous, showing an increase of eighty-five over that of two weeks previously, the equilibri- um is thus restored. Whether the improvement is to be attributed to the improvement in the Croton water or to the ripening of the fruit sold in our markets, it is imposible to say. Perhaps it is due a little to both. At all events it is Fomething to he thankful for, ditional repudiation of all acts on the part of Great Britain inconsistent with the convention in question, or else insist on its immediate and total abrogation. The new infringements on its provisions involved in the treaty with Guatemala must bring up the question, and will, we hope, finally dispose of it. It has in all respects fulfilled the predictions made of it by Mr, Squier, in reply to Mr. Clayton’s letter com- municating it for the information of the govern- ments of Central America—“that it would not fail to create greater difficulties than it was de- signed to remedy.” We are well aware that the British government will claim that Belize was excepted from the op- erations of the convention of 1850, by the terms ofan understanding between Mesers, Clayton and Bulwer when they exchanged its ratifications. But no euch ex post facto and private understanding can in apy way affect the treaty, or bind the United States. That power is vested in the Senate of the United States only, and the notes exchanged between Sir Henry Bulwer and Mr. Clayton are utterly without binding force. They are not worth the paper they are written on. There stands the convention, single and intact. It is clear and explicit, and Great Britain can- not obtain territory of Guatemala, or any other American State, by treaty or otherwise, except in violation of its express and clearest provisions, | The treaty in question is therefore an act of | bed faith and an insult to the UnitedStates. It is an outrage, furthermore, on Guatemala, not- withstanding that it may be acceded to by a cor- rupt and servile government. ——— Tre Marie Moysrer Great Esrery.—In our London correspondent’s letter, published this morning, will be found the most vivid and comprehensive description of the monster steam- ship Great Eastern which has yet been given to the public. It is now decided that her first voy- age is to be made to this country, her point of destination to be either New York or Portland, and thousends of our readers will doubtless avail themeelves of the Opportunity to judge of the fidelity of our correspondent’s account, One feature in her construction alluded to is novel and remarkable. Her entire upper deck, meatuzing seven hundred feet in length—or, as it is described by our cor- respondent, an acre of land elongated to an oval—is flush from stem to stern, without poop or house to obstruct the view—nothing but the masta, wheelhouse for the helmaman, and stair- case—so that her commander, standing on the paddle box, can survey every inch of that vast port from which she is to start on her first voyage rewains yet undetermined; but Mr. John Orrell Lever, “the man for Galway,” bas made the mu- nifcent offer of $100. 000 for the privilege of run. ving her from that point. Should her speed equal the calculations of her constructors, she will be able to make the voyage from Galway to New York, a distance of 2,736 miles, at least within a week, probably witbin six days. She is announced to sail for America some- time in October; s0 that about the end of that monthwe may behold this glant of the deep, this triumph of human genius, floating ‘proudly in the waters of an Americen port, It is not too much to predict that the Great Eastern is but the precursor of a race of gigantic steamships which will overran the emaller craft of that genus until they shall be seen on the face of the waters Do more, And who knows but that the second of her race will be turned off the stocks of an Ame- tican thip yard? Tue Occupation or THE Newsrarers Goxe— Mxasrs.HarPer AND BoNNER ARBITERS OF TH Furure Destinies or THE Country.—The new epoch in political warfare which has been inaugu- rated by Senator Douglas in the September number of Harper bids fair to effect an entire revolution in modern systems of Presidential campaigning. It is already intimated by some of our cotemporaries that Bonner has determined to bid largely for the copyright of thundering Wise reply, to appear in the columns.of the Ledger, and this will, of course, be succeeded by hot shot again, in the new Douglas organ, which, who knows, may elicit, ifthe price is paid with Bonner’s usual liberality, a special, copyrighted Presidential message, with the proceeds of which Mr. Buchanan will be able to new carpet the White House and pay for his stock of wood and coal for the coming winter. : Alas for the poor newspapers! The “elbow formed in the Mincio by the sympathies of youth” will scarcely keep the buttons on the chirts of our “quadrilateral” fugitive from Solferi- no; Chevalier Webb will have to fall back for bread and cbeese upon the memory of the fifty- two thousand dollars, and old Thurlow will be compelled to confine himself exclusively to free wool and to fitting out slavers in the ports of Salem and New Bedford. Oar fortunate Fourierite frlends of the 7hibune have a pha- lansteriel monastery to retire to, until Seward shall be President and Greeley Postmaster Gen- eral, when each member of that establishment will, of couree, be liberally provided for. The exact amount paid by the Harpers to Mr. Douglas bas not yet transpired; but, as his piece bas saved the enterprising publishers at least a thousand doWars in first rate advertising, which bas run the eale of their magazine nearly up to the level of the Ledger, the literary Senator ought to have got much more than was paid to either Juéas or the Regency. Twenty or thirty pieces of silver would be but poor remuneration for a mode of puffing co original that, if patented, it would be cheap at any price. He must have got seven hundred and fifty dollars at least—a sum which will sound largely among the con- tributions to some foundling hospital or to the Werhington monument. Who will then be able to say that the country bas derived no benefit from Territorial sovereignty? This new system of copyrighting political documents will beautifully develope, before the clore of the coming winter, into a fall blown, artistically arranged controversial tariff, by re- ference to which the statesmanlike standing of any individual may be determined. Thus, for the exclusive use of a future Seward Ro- chester speech, say, deducting expenses and insur- ance against spontaneous combustion, $250. For a fire-rocket manifesto by Senator Brown, of Miseleeippi, warranted to explode at precisely the proper altitude, $600. (This for dog day amuse- ment.) Speeches by Senators Slidell, Davis and Benjamin will be paid for, like brandy, accord- ing as they may be below orabove proof. Sena- tor Hele will arrange his matters with the Pica yune. A labored oration, gotten up in the White Mountains, by John Cochrane, will fetch a good round eum, and Stephens of Georgia, Washburn, Stevenson and others, will be properly averaged. Let this new tariff for political wares be pro- perly welcomed. It must recommend itself to the plain common sense of every sound thinker. Why, in fact, should the large or small amount of brains which may be contributed to the press by Everett, Sylvanus Cobb, or Mrs. Sigourney, be paid for, while poor United States Senators, Congressmen and Tammany Hall spokesmen are left unremunerated. Senator Douglas has made a great bid for the next Presidency. He has tolved the problem of making the poorest politi- cal refuse useful to somebody. Tus “Broopy Barris” or Iraty.—Some weeks ago we alluded to the comparatively emall losses sustained by the French, Sardinian and Austrian armies in the late “unprecedent. edly bloody battles,” with “arms of precision,” in Italy. We then showed, from the best data before us, that the proportion of killed and wounded, or what the French call hors de combat, was considerably less than one-half that which was sustained by the American armies in their encounters with what the Europeans are accus- tomed to call “the cowardly and undisciplined Mexicans.” In our articles referred to we gave the aggregate loeses of the Allies and Austrians at Solferino at seven percent. The French jour- nale-just received give an “authentic” statement of the “casualties” sustained by both belligerente in Italy. According to this statement the fol- lowing table shows the numbers engaged and the losses sustained:— le over ten per cent loss in killed and wounded—that]is to say, taking the French statement as accurate, which, it will be observed, makes the Austrian loas about forty per cent greater than that of the French. But accepting *| it as accurate, we find this loss but ‘about -two- thirds that sustained by the Americans in the battles of Mexico. The loss of the Mexicans, it is well known, was much greater. In these bat- tles the American losses were as follows :— Men Killed and wounded. Por — Monterey... .. 488 2 ioine dol Rey tet aa Charu 1000 1835 863 12% Total, et S801 Ta area, and with a wave of his hand convey his orders to every officer on duty. 2 _ Her speed is estimated at twenty miles an hour, and her dimensions equal to the accommodation of the population of a moderate eized town. The —That say, the Americarr losses were fifteen per cent, or one-third more than those of the Eu- ropean armies. At Buena Vista General Taylor estimated the Mexican loss on the field at 2,000 men, or about tyelye per gont of the whole pum- ber admitted to have been engaged by the Mex cana themselves. As for hard fighting, all Eure pean history does not farnish a parallel to th constancy and bravery of the Mexican divisio: of Valencia, at the battle of Contreras, Th whole force of 4,000 men was literally destroye: in the tracks where it stood, and the division, a military organization, ceased to exist. Alto gether, these comparisons show that none of th: European battles are as steadfastly contested a those of the New World, and, as observed by 1 contemporary, that the old weapons of warfare even in Mexican hands, are more deastructiv: than the new and much boasted “weapons o precision” in those of the French. Their effi ciency is greater in the mystery which surround: - them than from their effects in the field. Tue NewsPareR GOVERNMENT OF THE CovuN: TRY.—The first class newspaper is fast assuming the position and importance of a government more especially with reference to our forei, agents all over the world, to keep it posted on foreign affairs ; the first class newspaper also has now its envoys at every important point throughout the entire globe, who keep their government at home far better informed upon all the events transpiring in other countries. The newspaper government’s agents, moreover, ere of vastly greater value to the public thaa the diplomatic employés of the national govera- ment, because while the intelligence furnish: envoys is immediately laid before the whol people in the official organs of the newspap' government—their broad daily sheets. here yesterday and Saturday corresponde: from our representatives at the follo places :—London, Paris, Brussels, Berlin, Lisbon, Hong Kong, Woosung (China), Guatemala, Gra: pada (Nicaragua), Managua (Nicaragua), St. mingo City, Panama, Buenos Ayres, Minatitlan, ‘Vera Cruz, Monterey and Mazatlan, thus en bling us to present our readers with a coup d'ail of the position of affairs in nearly all these far] sundered peris of the globe while they sip their coffee in the morning. In ten years from this time all this intelligence will reach us by telegraph. Our agents will write their letters and drop them into the tele- graph office instead of the post office, and we ehall have them here by lightning instead of by steam, in a few moments after they are written. So goes the progress of the age, in the front rank of which stands the,well conducted news- paper, the real government of the country. A Great Cry Asovr 4 Very Lirrtz Woor.— In our impression of last Friday it was stated, as part of the news by the American, received from Halifax by telegraph, that the Parie Con- stitutionnel had recently printed an article which seemed to convey a threat against England. We find the terrible article in the Pays, received among our foreign files yesterday. It is a lengthy and elaborate laudation of the French army and the Emperor. The “threat” referred to is in a paragraph put’ in to season and strengthen the dish. The writer—M. Granier de Cassagnac—saye, in the usual self-glorifying way common to Frenchmen when the army is the topic, that as France is so great, the army fo brave, and the Emperor such a terrible enemy, people will do well to think twice before they provoke her. People generally do think twice about weighty matters, and the Emperor him- self is distinguished for his deliberation. In spite of the Pays article the Londoners may continue to sleep quietly in their beds. M.de Cassagnac will not assault the Tower just now. _—_—_—_—_—_—— INTERESTING FROM WASHINGION. Letter from Vice President Breckinridge— He Deprecates the Use of His Name in Con- nection with the Presidency—The Douglas Manifesto—Its Effect on the Poilticlans— Anxiety of Seward’s Friends for the Fusion of the Americans and Republicans in New York, dic., dec. . OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATOH. ‘Wasernctor, August 28, 1859. Judge Black ha: recetved a letter from Vice Prest- dent Breckinridge deprecating any use whatever of his mame in connection with the nomination for the Presi- dency. Itissaid that he prefersa seat in the Senate: fhe recently elected Legislature of Kentucky will elect him ag the succesgor to Mr. Crittenden, whose term ex. pires March, 1864. The Attorney General is bunting for the administration, whose preferences are now said to lie between Lane and Houston, The Dougias manifesto has thrown the republican camp into the greatest confusion. It is a boid, if tot successful attempt, to appropriate all that is Populor in their nigger business, leaving them only Seward’s ‘irrepressible conflict.” On the other hand, the demiosrats say it kills Douglas in the South, and necessitates the nomination of a Southern man at Charles- ton, perhaps Houston, who under the circumstances ap- pears strongest. Douglas’ friends of course are excited, call him the “Great expounder,”’ ‘successor to Webster in unanswera- ble reagoning,”’ and all that; but are much chagrined at the Probibition of publication in thenewspaper press by the Harpers; be should kave stipulated against that. It would bave saved bim a great deal of annoyance. Sewards’ friends are inthe greatest anxiety about the fosion of the Americans and republicans in your State. If he cannot unite them all is lost. Cameron and Chase are said to be intriguing to prevent fusion this fail, hoping thereby for one rival less. a omens August 27, 1850. cATT, 1859. Flour quiet at $4 65. $476. Whost—sales iarge, but prices unchanged. Whiskey heavy at 2430. jProvisions— There is more disposition on the part of holders to yield to the limits of buyers; but few transactions are reported. ee a Cae Fiour in moderate demand, chiefly trade : sales 1,060 bbis,, st #4 60 from now spring wheat; $500 from red Wettern, $6 501.0% While valerie 4 choice double extra at $660. Wheas <°%. but quiet, Corn held at 71c. # 72¢., with buyers at 700.; 9,000 —"#h= els Illinois at 70340, Oats ecarce and nominal. unchanged. No receipts of flour or grain by Iske, Canal exporte—6,700 bushols wheat, 12,700 bushels corn. Burrato, August 27—6 P, Ficur firm, but lors active: eales 1,000 bb's. by ‘25 for old Ce $4 25 & $4 873¢ for new spring extra, Minois, tor extra Wisconsin, $4 75 a $4 87% for extra Michigan and Indiana, $5 a $6 50 for double extra do. and Ohio. Oanadian steady: sales 100 bbis. fair extra at $6. Wheat on the spot in fair demand and steady; to srrive dull and heavy: ealee 11,000 bushels now spring, to arrive, .; 8,300 bushels red Ohio a'$1 C6; 3,000 bushels ‘white Indiana st $116" voce dull and no ssies. Oats steady. Barley quiet. Rye steady: males 4,000 buabels at 060. Lake im r in the evening by Rev. J, B. Wakely. The edifice is bullé of atone, in the Grecian atyle of architecture, and is a ney, avenue. It is seventy feet deep and forty feet front. 6 interior presents a very neat rance, the walls being frescoed. It is capable of ete Persons in the main room, and 160 in the ry. The Cost of the edifice will be about $12,000. einen 7 wi Arrurr at Svicior.—On Saturday Btfoct near Sigh Baooes Meat to come dintrict, attem| com- mit suicide by taking a quantity of haan of lead, The Siac was removed from bis stomach, and I i thought Pe recoyer,