The New York Herald Newspaper, August 19, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPKIETOR. OFFIC’ N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU GTS TERMS, cosh in advance, Money seut by mail will be at the PO rip ahs oan firey Sra rp de Bn Bion THE DAILY HERALD. 100 cents Re cop. ner ann THE WEEKLY HERALD, every ay at wir cents or the Europain Baition very | Welvenl ft whe cesta per annum to any part of Great Br or B fo any yu FY, ae Continent, both to include postage Wyornia ition “dh MUR PAMILY HERALD on Weduesday, of four conte por . or $8 peranmim. mova tie CORRESPONDENCE, containing important neice, soticited from any quarter of the world; V7 wsee Qivrally guid’ for egeOun FORKIGH CORNESPONDENTS ARE Bawncocimer’ Bequesren 0 854i 41. LOTTERS AND PACK MOTO NOTICE taken of anonymons correspondence, We do no return rejected ‘communications: . j renewed y day; advertisements tn- Seen wenait Henato, FaMiLy Heltaio, and tn the is. th neatness, cheapness and de AMUSEMENMS THIS EVENING. NIBLO’B GABDEN, Broadway. —SowooLusstra—Fisuae wan's Damam—Itaian Briganps, WERY THEATRE. Bowery.—Ouavies XII —Macic TavaretsOruniuoSusicuns 1x Inpla—Enaveor Beasts. WALLAOCK’S THEATERS, Broadway.—Igecanp 45 It is— Las Boom, NATIONAL FHEATER, Obatham street.—Hxies Lovirr— Qusze's OwnN—Piccoromint. BARNUN’S AMSRICAN MUSEUM, noom—Hwiss CortsGe~ VILLAGE ARTIZAN#. SWKR AND SON—ViLLAGE ARTISANS, Brosdway.—After- ivening—Fa- INSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 543 Broadway— raiorin3 Sonen, Duseas, ha-Danon ax PTAA "S MINSTRELS, Meckanios’ Hall, 472 Broadway— Bomscavas, Roses, Dancks, RO BAW UST ACEORATS. PALAOS GARD¥N AND HALL, Fourteenth sirect,— Concaer ann Boinex DANsante, New York, Friday, August 19, 1859, MAILS FOR THE PACLEIO. Wew York Herald—Oaltfornia Zdtilou. ‘The United States mail steamship Star of the Wet, Capt. Gray, will leave this port to morrow afternoun, at two o'clock, for Aspinwall. ‘The mails for California and other parts of tho Pacific ‘will close at one o'clock to morrow afternoon. ‘The Naw Yous Weenty Henatp—California odiiton— pontaining the latest intelligence from all parts of the ‘world, will be pubHahed at ten o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cente, Agents will please send in their orders as carly as por- Bible. The News. The Asia arrived at this port yesterday from Liverpool with European news to the 6th instant» two days later. It is not of animportant character. Cotton was inactive in Liverpool, but prices were generally unchanged, although there were some few sales forced at a slight decline. Breadstulls were very dull. Sugar was heavy in London. Consols closed in London on the Sth at 95{. The bullion in the Bank of England had decrea-ed by $660,000. The Bank of France reduced its rates of discount on the 4th to three anda half per cent. There was an advance on the Bourse of three- eighths per cent on the Sth. The Zurich Conference was to be opeved on the Sth instant, and all the diplomatic representatives accredited thereto were on the move. Italy, particularly the Central States, were still deeply agitated. M.Farini had accepted tlie dic- tatorship of Modena, to which he was elected by the people, having resigned his office as Sardinian Commissioner. Garibaldi, it was said, would be named Commander-in-Chief of the Tuscan army. The Pope was still undecided on the subject of accepting the Italian Presidency. It was alleged that Napoleon was endeavoring to introduce French garrisons into some of the towns of Italy. All the late trade “strikes” in England had cul- minated in that of the builders’ operatives, forty thousand of whom demanded a nine hours labor day, with ten hours pay. There was danger that the progress of all the great buildings going on in Jondon would be suspended for waut of hauds. England appeared to be perfectly quieted by Na- paleon’s disarmament, but she did not relax her eflorts for national defence. The meeting of all the Irish Catholic bishops in Dublin attracted much attention in England. We have advices from South America dated at Buenos Ayres 27th, and Moutevideo 30th of June; R’o Janeiro 10th, Bahia Mth, and Pernambuco 16th of July. The Buenos Ayres government was busy making preparatio! ocarry on the war against the Argentine Confederation. The government had been ested with extraordinary powers, and all the resoerces of the State have been placed at its absolute d General Mitre was to com- amand the troops aj Marquesa was also ve tive. overnment bad left their ports open. It was believed that no serious colli ke place until Septe res had been ve’ The weather at Buenos Ayr ‘y un- favorable for the staple industries of the country, ir ce, and live stock lad suffered. :—The animation in the coffee noticed in the Jast mail prevailed until the end of the month, and prices advanced fally 200 s averaging about 10,009 bags per day. At Bahia the sugar market was steady, and in some cases higher rates granted. No cotton sales of importance had been reported; the stock in hand was but small, at seven dollars and upwards per arroba. The coffee supplies from th terior were coming in sparingly, and found purchasers at from $4 to $5 per arroba. The following is an epitome of the Pernambuco market intelligence :—Prices of sugar have remained without alteration. The present season is almost at an end; it is said that the rains have done dau to the young canes, and consequently next season yield is expected to be smaller than the present one. The stock on hand is small. Hides are much sought after, The so-called Mortara case, an action brought by Mrs. Ann J. Haggerty against Rev. Dr. Cum, mings, for the custody of her son, was taken up in the Supreme Court, special term, before Judge Ingraham, yesterday. The proceedings, of which we give a fall report in another column, are quite interesting. Dr. Cummings testified that he knew nothing of the missing boy, and from the testimony of other witnesses and a couple of letters written by Mra. Haggerty to the Emperors of France and Russia, it would appear that the unfortanate mother was laboring under some strange hallucination with regard to her son. The Board of Councilmen disposed of a large amount of routine business last evening, but nothing of importance came up. The Comptroller was au- horized to purchase house No. 180 Clinton street, with the lot on which it stands, for Hook and Lad- der Company No. 11, for the sum of $9,250. We publish elsewhere some additional intelli. gence from Venezuela, showing the distracted con- dition of that republic, We have later accounts from Salt Lake City, but they contain nothing of general interest save the nomination to Congress hy the Mormons of Cap- tain Hooper, formerlye Scretory of Utah, to suc” ceed Dr. Bernhisel. ‘The foreign news received yesterday by the Asia had the effect of imparting rather more tone to the cotton market, without, however, causing any quotable change in prises, while the sales embraced about 1C0 bales. The two largest crops cver raised in the United States were those of 18f5-'56, which amounted to about 5,528,000 bales, and 1858-'69, to 3,7C0,C00. Notwithstanding the latter exceeds the former by about 172,000 bales, yet the stocks fheld in Liverpool, in this country, and on shipboard, in transit to L: i Beried fand in the United States, in this month, to latest cates, ‘were as follows: — A 1859. August, 1856. ow salen ” Bales. Decrease. ‘There was more firmer iceling iu some descr iptions. Wheat was irregu jar end caster for the lower qualities, white prime new woite was unobanged. Corn was in good demand, and firmer, Pork was more active and firmer, especially for prime, with free sales of the latter at $975, while moss sold at $13 62a $13.65 Sugars wore steady, with sales of about 90 bhda., 700 boxes and 740 bags Pernambuco, at terms stated in anotber column. was quict. Freights were steady, with moderate engagements. Cot- P eeien Liverpool at 3-16d. to 44., and flour at Peaceful Aspect of Things in Europe—Condi- tion and Prospects of Italy. The accounts received by the Asia represent the alarm manifested by England and Prassia in regard to the hostile projects attributed to Louis Napoleon as being rapidly on the decline. Notwithstanding the uncertainty that must pre- | vail in the public mind so long as the political affairs of Italy remain unsettled, the funds ex- hibit a buoyancy which shows that the com- mercial world places greater faith in the Em- percr’s sincerity than the tone of the newspa- pers and of profeesional politicians would lead us to believe. If the truth were acknowledged, it would be found that all the fuss that has been made about the aggressive designs of France and the weakness of English defences has beea the result rather of a feeling of pique and annoy- ance than of a conviction of the probabilities dwelt upon. The fact is, that both Eogland and Prussia felt sore that France ehould enter into the Italian contest without consulting them, and that she ehould settle her causes of coaten- tion with Austria without calling them in as mediators. It is natural enough that Eog- land, which has always claimed the right of interfering in continental affuirs, should feel her self-love wounded by being left out of the peace arrangements. Prussia, as a first class military Power and as one of the leading mem™ bers of the German Confederation, felt, of course, equally indignant that the only effect of the menace which she bad held out to Frauce should ha’ an entire ignoring of her existence. Both nations forget that their owo conduct fur- tished ‘se provocation to the slights put upon them. Or, perhaps, it is from a consciousness that they have earned hostility that they in- vite it. Louis Napoleon has, however, sufficient on his hands to prevent him occupying himself at present with farther aggressions against his neighbors. Ile has to prove to the world that the peace of Villafranca was the result of mature and well digested reflection, and not a hastily patched up truce, conceived in necessities for which he should have been prepared previous to his undertaking the campaign. We believe that he can do this, but it is not by his declarations, but by his actions, that that is to be accomplished. The condition of Italy at the present moment is aa critical as it wellcan be, and the admirable judgment aud good temper exhibited by its population, under circumstances of acute ditappointment, render it a leas easy task for the Emperor to solve the dif- ficulties which beset his arrangements in regard to them by any of the ordinary expedients of a despotic will, He has promised them inde- pendence, and independence he will have to give them, for neither by their conduct in the field nor by indiscretions after the victory was won have they shown themselves unworthy of the hopes held out to them, We see it stated that although the Emperor has declared that he will not use force to impose on the duchies the princes whom they have so energetically repudiated, he has sent the Count de Reiseet to Central Italy to prepare it for the reception of French garrisons, so as to control by intimidation the popular vote in regard to them. We believe this rumor to be entirely without foundation. The Emperor is too sagacious a man not to perceive that a course marked by so much bad faith and duplicity would turn againet him not only the ill feeling of the Italians, but the general sentiment of Europe. It would, in fact, be a complete renunciation of the objects for which the Itelian campaign was undertaken, and a sacrifice of the immense political influence which Frauce bas gained in the peninsula. It is astonishing, votwithstanding the plain maanner in which the intentions of the Emperor in regard to the di s have been made known, that euch pertinacity should be exhibited in mis representing them. The only cause for anxiety which the" people of thoee States have in reality a right to ¢ - tain is not whether their fugiti forecd upon them, buat whether the Italian Confederation, ax in the Emperor's mind, will of his complying with their desire of being anu to Sardinia. We eee it assert- ed that it is contemplated by the Tuscans to cali admit vate him to the chief magistracy of the new poli- tical organization on which they are about to Gecide. It might also suit the views of Louis Napolecn to faver this arrangement, and even to unite the duchies with Tuscany, so as not to create another first class Power by giving to xar- dinia such large accessions of territory. There is nothing in the relations of Garibaldi with the French Emperor that would forbid such a dispo- sition of things. On the contrary, the former has conducted himself towards Louis Napoleon with a tact, discretion and generosity which must command his admiretion and render him in- clined to favor the imclination of Kaly to do him honor. In reality, Garibaldi is the man who issues from the late contest with most credit. The general verdict of the world, ‘as well as the opinions of his own countrymen, accord to him fer his conduct in this, as in former struggles, a rank amongst patri- ots which entitles him to the highest rewards that the gratitude of a people can bestow. In con tributing to give effect to this feeling the French Emperor will prove that what he fuiled to accom- plish from the force of circumstances in the treaty of Villafranca, he is desirous to carry out as fur as lays in his power ia the arrangements consequent upon it, In the Roman question the most serious point of difficulty involved in theee arrangements lies From the Legations we learn that as far as the popular vote has been taken, nineteen thousand out of twenty-six thousand have pronounced against the temporal government of the Pope. How, it will be aeked, is this obstacle to be over- come? Certainly not by forcing the inclinations of the people and renewing the horrors of an- other Perugia massacre. A middle term may be adopted, and to this, it is to be hoped, the Pontiff will be induced to give his consent. Let him, as sovereign, grant a constitution to Lis beopic, by walgh bis posiiicn 43 head of NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1859. the State will be assured to him, but which will rigorously exclude from power all other ecclesi- astics, We cannot sce what his Holiness will have to complain of if he be placed in a position precisely analogous to that of Queen Victoria, Frederick William, or King Leopold. This con- cession ought, we think, to fully satisfy the Roman people, whilst at the same time it will meet the concurrence of all enlightened Catho- lice. The sacrifice of the dangerous privileges wielded by a theocratical government will be more than compensated for by the position of greater temporal honor and dignity accorded to the Pontiff as President of the Italian Confede- ration. These are probably some of the features of the echeme mapped out in Louis Napoleon’s mind in connection with the future of Italy. If the neutral Powers, instead of occupying them- selves with timid speculations in regard to pro- jects which exist only in their own imagination, were to aid him in carrying out his views for the consolidation of Italian independence, they would be doing more to insure their own safety than all their formi@able armaments are likely to effect. ‘The New York City Banks—What ts Their Policy? On another page we publish returns of the city banks of New York for about eeven months, or from the beginning of May to the end of No- vember, in the several years of 1854, 1857, and 1858, and for upwards of three months in the year 1859, showing in tabular form the loans and deposits, specie and circulation, during those pe- tiods, and exhibiting at a glance the fluctuations in the banking thermometer, operated upon by unseen agencies regarded by the simple as mys- terious and beyond explanation. But the rise and fall of loans and deposits, their expansion and contraction, are produced by laws as certain in their results as those which influence the mer- cury in the tube, or those which diminish and in- crease the volume of iron and other metals. The cbanges are produced by the principles of specu- lation in real estate—changes which affect the commercial and trading interests, the mechanical and every branch of business throughout the whole community. The unseen demigods of Wall etreet can thus plunge the whole commu- nity into the deep distress of panic, or elate them with a very high degree of prosperity, which is | usually the precursor of a commercial crash. They sit behind the scenes and pull the strings, like the politicians, and the great mass of the community are perfectly ignorant of what is go- ing on till the terrible results astound them like a thunder clap in a clear sky. We will endeavor to explain the modus operandi of the machizery. When the speculators want to produce a panic, in order to purchase real estate at a low figure, they withdraw their deposits from the banke | The consequence is a contraction in the loans of the banks, and commercial men, no longer ob- taining the usual accommodation, are unable to | meet their engagements, and they burst up. | Every body becomes frightened, and takes his de. | posits from the banks, deeming them no loager | secure. This increases the evil. The baaks toemselves eufler by failures, and become more cautious in giving credit. The value of money | is increased, and those who have lent on “ mort: | gage on demand” call for their loans, for they can now get any price for the use of cash from merchants ready to explode. thrown on the market in vast quantity, for those | who have borrowed money on it must pay up, | wud fc Is sold to mect the demand. Many, too, who own real estate free from mortgage or in- cumbrance, desire to sell because they can invest the proceeds to far better advantage in loans to | merchants and traders. Thus real estate is brought down, and then is the time for the speculators to operate in it. They buy it up in all directione. When the panic has blown over the speculators again deposit in the banke, and the banks again expand their loans, and the prices of real estate and of every. thing else go up, and when they are at the high- est figure the speculators eell; and then they go to work agaio to bring about another panic ia the very same way they did before. An examination of the figures which we puab- lish will demonstrate there conclusions, In the year 1854 loans expanded from ninety millions ard a quarter on the 13th of May to niuety- tbree and nearly three-quarter millions on the Sth of August, and then went down to eighty- one and a hal{ millions on the 25th of November. In the deposits there was a corresponding rise Trom sixty-one and a half millions on the 27th of May, they rose to nearly seventy- vine millione on the 19th of August, and fell to sixty millions on the of November. Gccline was precipitated by the Schuyler frauds. But the fluctuations that year were inconsider- , able compared with those of the year 1857. Oa the 2d of May in that year the loans were one bundred and fourteen and a half millions nearly. On the Sth of August they were one hundred and On the 28th of November they fell to ninety-four millions. The deposits fell from sixty-eight millions on the Ist of August to forty-two millions on the 17th of October. This explains the panic which shook the com- mercial fabric to its foundations. Here were twenty-six millions suddenly withdrawn from the banks in order to be invested in real estate, which, by the eame opcration, was reduced to the lowest ebb. The bunks called in their loans, and refused to lend any more. A crisis and a crash were inevitable. In 1858 the fluctuations were slight, and only such as are produced by accidental causes. But now, in 1859, there are marked changes which are calculated to alarm. The loans on the 14th of May were $129,680,000; on the 13th of August they are reduced to $117,808,000. The | deposits, which were $88,872,000 on the 7th of May, are reduced on the 13th of August to $71,490,000, The Wall street speculators in real estate, hay- ing now sold off their purchases at a high figure, withdraw their deposits, and another contraction of the loans of the banks takes place, to the great danger of the commercial interests. The object of the speculating depositors who have withdrawn their money from the banks is to produce a revulsion which will reduce the price of real estate, that they may again buy at a low, and sell at a high figure. But. hy this sceeaw game they disturb the entire | relations of the commercial world, bring ruia on | thousands, and inflict injury more or less on every class of the community. What do the banks mean? What is their poli- cy? Are they going to play over again the réle they performed in 1857? Is the lesson of that year Jost on them, and have they already forgot- | ten it? Will they, from greed of gain, risk their own ruin, like the merchants, by trading beyond their capital, and with other men’s money? And Wl they non, to save themselves, suddeuly * contract, as they did two years ago? If they do, they may find that they have tried the old geme once too cften, and a change may come over the spirit of thelr dream which will con- found their machinations, Is the whole mercan- tile class, and in fact the country at large, to be left continually at the mercy of fifteen hundred banks? We trust not. We hope that one of the firct measures which will be adopted at the open- ing of Congress will be a-general bankrupt law, which will bring within {te range of operation every banking institution in the country, so that the moment any of them suspends specie pay- ment it will be put down instanter, never to rise again. This would make them cautious, and effectually prevent their undue and excessive expansion in loans to adventurous and reckless merchants, who are so crowding on sail that the mement the first gust of the tempest strikes their bark, which is without ballast, it is oap. sized and goes to the bottom, sometimes with all hands on board, and sometimes with the rescue of the captain, who fits out another craft, and again braves the perils of the deep, with the eame disregard of prudence and the same defi- require a supply of seven millions of bales, The time when they will do this is close at hand. ‘The steady advance in the price of cotton that has been seen for some years past shows the pace at which it ie coming. In its march it will overtbrow all the humanitarian fallacies about cotton prices and cotton production, and increase the growivg tendency ef the general fecling in Europe and elsewhere to accept facts instead of philanthropic hopes, and to demand more cotton and sugar and less humbug about the moral rights and duties of nigger worshippers and niggers, Viroinia Opposition PartY—PRoposed Strate Convention IN REFERENCE TO 1860.—We per- ceive that the opposition journals of Virginia are unanimously seconding the motion of the Richmond Whig for a State Convention of their party on the 7th of October, at Richmond, for the purposes of an organization for the Presiden- tial campaign. Doubtless the Convention, as propored, will be held, and it may be turned to @ tremendous account in the work of bringing outa mew and powerful national conservative Real estate is | This | | crop ance of the elements, Cotton Prices and Cotten Production—Fal- lueies of the Humanitarians and Cotton Supply Associations. The cotton year closes on the first of Septem ber, and periodically, just before and for some time after that date, we always have a rain of fallacious argument about prices and production of that staple, from Manchester men, British cotton supply advocates, and theoretical humani- tarians who look upon cotton as the corner stone of the institution of slavery in the United States. It grieves these people to the heart that the civilized world will demand of the negro that he shall produce cotton for its consumption, and that the American system of negro slavery is the only one yet digcovered that can make him per- form the labor necessary for that purpose. For years past they have been seeking a cotton pro- ducing region in some other part of_the earth which should rival our Southern States in the production of this staple, and supply the philan- thropic cotton spinners with a raw material at a cheaper price, and that had been grown in con- sonance with their peculiar notions of humanity. For a while India was to be this great cotton Utopia. It was a tropical country, was under British rule, had onc huadred and eighty mil- Jions of heathens, did produce a little cotton, and no doubt could be made to supply any, even a fabulous, number of bales. The cotton humani- tarians went at it with arush. Associations were formed, the press was set to proclaim the tidings, and a number of British evangelicals with Bibles, and Yankee nigger drivers with pa- tent plows and cotton gins, were sent to plough in couples in the burning fields of Hindostan. Cotton was produced; but it came only in emall quantities, and that was short in staple and poor in fibre. Somehow or other, the Hindoos would not take kindly to the new doctrines of the evan- gelicals, nor the new fashions of the Yankee nig- ger drivers in cotton growing. Even the land was so heathenis that it would not nurture | kindly the new Christian cotton seed that was sent in abundance, and numberless Brahminical bugs set upon the new-come plant as oon as it peeped from the bosom of the earth, and devour- | edit. The hopes in India were blighted, and it was given over to the “greased cartridge” and rebellious Sepoye. Since then a new field has been found in which the seed of the church and the seed of cotton are to be cultivated with equally prolific snc- ecss. Africa is now the chosen bantling of the humanitarians and the cotton supply advocates. The negro at home, free, enlightened and indus- trious, is at once to be made to comprehend the inalienable rights of man, and the great advan- tage of growing cotton at six cents a pound for the philanthropic British Cotton Supply Aseocia- tion. There, however, the missionaries and nigger drivers are not to he yoked together. The latter are thrown aside, and their place is to be sup- plied with evangelicals divested of their clerical functions, like Doctor Livingstone, and fitted out as traders. The British Cotton Supply philan- thropists are in ecstacies at the promises of the ungowned Doctor, of President Benson, of Li beria, and of Mr. Edward Atkinson, of Boston. | Under their magic guidance the negro in the | wilds of Africa is to do, through moral suasion, | what he will not do except upon compuision | anywhere elec. Unfortunately, the hopes of theee philanthropists are founded in a firm belief of the moral perfecta- bility of the negro nature, rather than in a critical examination of the requisites to produce good cotton at six ceats apound. They start with the fact that the cotton plant is perennial in Africa, and the negro the most docile and indus- trious of human creatures. It is no matter just now what the negro is or is not. But the cotton plant, they will fiad, if they will look into the euhject, ie perennial wherever rain falls in all the regions of the earth, and yet the true cotton of commicree is produced only in the United States. The reason for this is obvious. To produce good cotton 4 great many more things than land and negroes are requisite, necesrary as these two ad- joucts are. Virst, the negroes must have some motive to cause them to work with regu- | lerity and constancy at seed and harvest time. | Nature is regular in her seasons, and man must be equally so in his labor to profit by them. Then, a cultivated intelligence must secure the | plowing of the land, the proper selection of the | seed, the watchful care of its growth, and its | rapid gathering the moment nature opens the | boll, before the sun, the rain and the dew have marred its beauty and quality. To do all this it must have capital hoarded, from long years of former lahore. After this, it must have ma- | chinery to gin and pack it, railroads and steam- | boats to bring supplies and take the | to market, merchants to distribute it over the world, bankers to take care of the | payments, and the thousands of mechanical ap- | pliances that are the great handmaidens of all , industry, commerce and agriculture. These are not supplied by teachers of the moral law nor | preachers of gozpel tidings. And without them | philanthropy will never grow cotton at six cents | ® pound, nor at twelve, nor yet at twenty, inany | great quantity, in Africa or anywhere else. | We acknowledge the fact that the world must | | have more cotton, We can give it this year only about three and three-quarters millions of bales. Of these we use the odd hundreds of thousands ourselves, and send the three millions | of bales to Hurope. England and France are the two great cotton using nations, and they , consume about twelve pounds a head of theic population. The consumption is extending ra- j pidly in the other European countries. The two bundrcd and seventy-five millions of people in Europe, when they consume the same proportion C guliow Wal the Lugilel wud J egucl dv, will | the p party for the succession. North and South the materials for such a party—old line whige, old line democrats, Ameri- cans, and floating republicans of the moderate echool—are abundant, and could be readily fused together upon a good national Union plat- form. To this end we would advise the ap- proaching Virginia State Convention to abandon the foolish experiment of out-Heroding Herod 288 pro-slavery party. That mistake of preach- ing up Goggin as more ultra pro-slavery than Letcher, elected Letcher and defeated Goggin last May. Upon the more sensible platform, on the slavery issue, of the Tennessee opposition party, Goggin could have been elected. There would not have been, for example, a deficiency in the opposition vote of a thousand in those two strong old line whig counties of Loudon and Augusta, had Goggin’s case been conducted like that of Netherland, of Tennessee. or Houston of Texas. In Kentucky the attempt of the opposition to cut under the democracy as the genuine pro. slavery party bas also resulted in a most signal defeat, which confirms the lesson inculeated by the Virginia election, to wit: that the moderation of the old whig party on slavery is the true poli- cy of the new Southern opposition party. In the way of a name, the Union party will do; but whatever the name they may adopt for the Presidential battle, let this Virginia Convention remember the importance of a platform that will cover the Union, and they may go ahead. The late Texas conservative revolution has brought forward the right man to stand upon this Union platform—General Sam Houston, a Southern man, and yet a national Union man, popular in the South and popular in the North, a host in himself, and a “ tower of strength” to apy party adopting him. But let this Virginia Opposition Convention first provide for their party in the State, and next issue a recommenda- tion for a National Convention of the eame poli- tical elements, in New York or Washington, in December next, and they will rivet the balance of power which they have secured from the late Southern elections. AFFAIRS IN WASHINGTON. Instructions of Our New Minister to Nicara- gua—Progress of the Negotiations of the Mexican EnyveysThe Chiriqui Grave Gol Discoveries, &e., &e. ‘ OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. Wasxixcrox, August 18, 1859. Profeezor Dimitry will sail for Punta Arenes vin Aspia- wall and Panama on the Sth of September. His instruc: tions are already prepared. He will first secure the rati fication of the Cass-Yrissari treaty, minus the clause obli- gating this government to suppress filibustering expedi- tions, if Jerez shall not have already accomplished that object, and then devote his efforts to tho settlement of our claims by arbitration, the opening of the transit in ac cordance with exieting contracts, and the negotiation of a liberal commercial treaty. It is the policy of the administration to establish perma- nent commercial relations with Central America, as the best method of Americanizing that country. It is believed that the familiar acquaintance of Prof. Dimitry with the inngtsge and manners,and sympathy with the religion of the people there, will greatly aid him in procuring sush srrangements as are desired. Mexican affairs are daily assuming a more favorable tepect. Tho presence of Senor Lerdo here, in conjunc Von with Senor Mata, has already had a good effect. They had an interviow with the President yesterday, and Gen Cats today, which guve them much satisfaction, Tho success attending their negotiations for monoy aad muni } tlons hes given the administration increazed con {dence in | the ability of Juarez to carry on his government to per | manent establishment. Every aesistanco consistent with icy of our government will be accorded to Juarax Senators Pearce and Green are at tho National. Tue latter and A. W. Thorpeon are giving attention to th: interests in the Chiriqui iethmus. The grave gold ex ment in that region bas added greatly to its importance, Robert J. Walker dined with the President yerterday. The rejatiozs now subsisting between these two gontic- men #70 more fatimate than ever before. Scoreiary Floyd if slowly but eatlsfactorily improving in heath, and there is not the least probability of his res'geation, The President does not desire it. Capt, Joa. McGuire will sail on the 20th instant, in tho Califorpia steamer, upon important business for the go vorpment. Major Cross, recently court martieled in your city, haz always been recounted ove of the most faithful officers inthe army. His accornts have been esteomed and re- ferred to often in the Third Auditor's office as models of ‘correctness. During five years ho has disbursed over ‘ive and a half millions of dollars. Secretary Cobb returned to-day. Governor Medary, of Kanges, arrived here to-night, and reports all quict and prosperous in the Territory. Judge O’Flinn, late Postmaster at Detroit, is also here, Serious chargee against Collector Shoomaker, of Detroit, are under consideration at the Treasury, and it is said he must follow in the footsteps of O'Fiinn. Mr, Shallcross, Special Agent of the Post Oifico Depart- ment, bas returned from Chicago, having again investi gated the affairs of Postmaster Cook. The Postmaster General has not yet consi*ered his report. Mr. Holt will not leave for Kentucky at present. General Cushing, of Massachusetts, General Hiram Walbridge, of Now Yor, and ex Senator Cooper, of Pann- sylvania, arcall bere to-night. The results of the Southern elections stir up the poli ticiane to wonderful activity. THE GENERAL NEWSYADER DRMVATEH. Wasumxoron, August 18, 1859, About five hundred illegal equatters are on the Innd be- longing to the Kaw Indians in Kansas. The subject of .| preventing Intrusions of this character, which extenalyely prevail, occupies the attention of tho Commissioner of In- dian Affairs, who contemplates the initiation of such mea- sures ag will at leaet lessen, if not altogether removo, there abuses, 20 dangerous to peaceful relations with tho Indiang, and from which the United States are ound to protect them under existing treaties. Senor Lerdo, accompanied by Senor Mata, has bad a full and free converration with the Prosident on the sub- Jectot Mexican affairs. It is represented that the inter. view was mutually gratifying and instructive. sovor Terdo will remain in this country for several weeks. The Sccretary of the Treasury returned to ay from his trip to Georgia. News from Utah. St. Levis, August 18, 1859, ‘The mail from Salt Lake reached Atchison yesterday, but brought no intolligorce of importance. The Mormous bad nominated Capt Hooper for Cor b~ ‘gree Bernbeiscl. Hooper was formerly Becretery of 7. eof atl tha government mulee had boon pon. Bigwd They Ol brywgtte very Magn prog Interesting from Albany. HON. W. F. BUSSBLL AND FBRNANDO WOOD—WOes AND THB ASTOR HOUSE COMMITTEN—ADVION TO WOOD OF MEPHISTOPHILES—MISERABLE JUGGLE RIES OF POLITIOLANS—POSTMASTER FOWLER—OO- QUETTINGS WITH PREGIDENTIAL OaNDIDATES— THE NEW YORK DELEGATES TO CHARLESTON TO BE GIVEN THEIR WALKING TIOKETS—THS CORRUPT BEGENOY, BTO. OUR ALBANY CORBEBPONDENOR ALaanr, August 18, 1859. Considerable bubbling has been created in the Cassidy, Oagger & Co. teapot, by an indignant letter, as yet uapub- lished, from Hon. W.F. Russell, of Uleter, to the New ‘York Daily News, repudiating the statements industrious. ly promulgated through its columns by Fernando Woed, that the Hon. Daniel 8. Dickinson and the Astor Hows Committee are agreed in making the “district” syatem of electing delegates to the National Convention at Charles- ton a sine qua non of pacification af the impending State Convention at Syracuse, It the ‘“distriot’” plan of choosing delegates was not even broached at tha meeting on the 34 instant of the Astor House Committee ‘at Congress Hall, No official reference was made to it by the members among themselves, and the inti- mations to the contrary of Wood and his organ have all been fictitious. Mr. Russel sont his letter to the News eight days ago. The irre- ponsibles of that paper referred it to Wood, whe admitted ‘inadvertence’ in the manner in which he had put forward his assertions, but deprecated their being cor- rected by his quondam colleagues. He finally conceded ‘hat if Mr. Russell “insisted” upon the protest appearing in his paper, it must go in; but he scampered off to Sara- toga immediately after, and, unless the News of to-mor- Ow contains the document, it will probably appear first im other journals, ‘Mr. Wood's policy at Albany, and the divide et impera com- spiracy concocted by the ox Mayor, and adopted im the ‘Wine-Donnelly letter are looked upon with marked disfavor by every one, as far as is yet known, of the gentlemen who originally co-operated with him in the formation of the Astor House Committee. Messrs, Croswell, Mather, Rus- sell, Schell, Tucker and their associates undoubtedly agree in an abstract preference for the method of an im- mediate choice of delegates by the people; but, as it is clear that this view is not coincided in by the majority of democrats in the State, they wish it to be authoritatively and unambiguously understood that they do nct dream of splitting the party on so contemptible an issue, Todo to would be suicidally to snap, with open eyes, at the un- baited hook which Messrs. Wood and Wise have adver” tised that they are to be caught with. The majority of the hards take their cue from the coa. fidentiai letters, rapidly succeeding each other, which have lately been written by Mr. Dickinson to his friends al; over the State. Mr. Dickinson—I epeak from knowledge— expresses, cautiously but firmly, bis antagonism to the line of action which Wood has adopted, and he counsels bis frieuds to meet the advances of the softs cordially, and to permit no mizor consideration to destroy the amicable relations which appear everywhere to ex- ist, He takes the ground, with great emphasis, that the South bave the right to claim the Presidential candidate; ‘but that if they fail to present a candidate with sufficient unanimity to insure success, the only chance of New York’s having a tair boaring is by being a unit and cast- ing her undivided voice for the man of its choise, Mr. Dickinson is, therefore, in direct practical hostility with Megsrs. Wise and Wood, and the Astor House Commitses necessarily foliow in his footsteps. Tho insanity of Mr. Wood’s past and present career was clearly and graphically indicated to him a day or two bo- fore he went up to the meeting at Albany, on the Sd Aug He called, it appears, upon the long-headed and fagecious Mephistophiles, and unfolded to him, with characteristic relf-satisfaction, the projects upon which he founded hope of acquiring rule taroughout the city and State. The ex-Mayor poured forth into Mephistophiles’ laboriously patient ear the beauty of bis district system; dwelt with unction upon the advantageous discord of a divided colegation; cunningly insinuated where buncomba could be productively ixterlarded; amplified upon tha exquisiteness of texture of the petty political machinery, oiled with a quantum suffcit of humbug, with which he ‘was sanguine of propelling the democracy into a safe Weod current; and epilogued with just such « display of rhetorical fireworks, concerning Charleston, as might be expected from a politically inventive genius. Mephistophiles listened ; Mephistophiles pondered; Mephistophiles laughed; and, when Fernando had ended b's recital, Mephistophiles said ——, It would not be discreet, however, to give Mephistophiles’ exact lan- @ Ssefecullary bis owiebut may Be. paaphrasea a ows: — “Mr, Weod, the people of the State of New York do not. arc ove button for you, or for your political plotiings, or or your intrigues, or for your “district” system, or for your bogus committees, or for any of the wire-puilings and Geviltries that you wre batching. They are weary, sick tnd disgusted with these everlasting su! and de- selts, and of being forever hoodwinked and bamboozled. The words hard, eoft, hunker, barnburner, and even de- mocrat and republican are cracked of a worm caten instrument, which can elicit not one responsive vi- bration in the popular heart, From the time of your de- feat for the Mayoralty up to the present hour you heve been pedéling in the traghiest political trumpary—fishing in a troubled puddle for tadpoles, without a statesmanlike idea, a noble aspiration or a thought of the storm-cloud which is darkening the country’s korizon and of the dan- gers with which it is menaced.” Scsthing and eloquent was Mephistephiles’ reprobation of the rsscality of all coterie, cliques and parti their rotten selfishness, and of their narrow hearted for- getfulness of the interests of city tate and Union; and ho closed by ay 8 “Away, Me. Wood, with every one of these foolish jug- Go to Albeny ay a statesman and as a good citi- ‘lant yourself boldly upon that basis of national, ‘ative opposition to the atrocious sentiments of Me. Scward’s =peech at Rochester, which the most pressing exigency of the time demands. Call upon every upright man to ald you in triumphing over Seward disuntonism, Seward profligacy in finance and legiation, and «bove all, tho startling black flog of corruption, which that arch fiend of American politics nailed to bis mast at Rochester and under which every gopspirator for the nation: ruin ig beginnirg to raliy. Truly, patriotically and disin tercttedly Cenounce this traitor Seward, and demonstrate to the people of New York that the election fer State officer pie November will indicate whether they adopt or rojo infamous programme.” 8 Meplistophiles to Mr. Fernando Wood, and !¢ the ac which the latter received into his steel trap lee brain, had penetrated into his eart, and regulated bis actions, he would bave returned triucaphant from Albany asa public benefactor, instead of coverod with sbams, defeat and ruin, aud with bands soiled by participation in the paltry plot which buries himavif, Wise, Gacsily and every on concerned in it, in one common ruin, A’ glim- mering of }iy'bt through the windings of his intellect aid show Mr. Wood for an irstant after bis colloquy with Mephistophiles that his pest policy had been moat weak and puerile, just where he had imagined 1t to possess the greatest strength; that hi: divisions of Tammany Hall wad ech blunders; that bis past and present secret as3ocia- tious had only recotled upon himself; that his Mozart Halt movement had becn a most suicidal freak of pride and folly; and that, bad he had the wisdom to “bide his time” he might, by remaining in Tammany Hall, baye ruled it, ere now, with invincible strength. Sickles gone; Fowler, Delavan, Kennedy and others at the bead ct petty, discordant factions, ir. Wood, upon the high ground of principle, would haye unied with himeelt the best men of all sections. Tho caustic admonitions of Mephistophiles to Wood might, intruth, apply with equal, or nearly equal force, to each member of all tha political gangs which plander and fecd upon the public. ‘Lhe federa! officers of the State and city are, with scarcely an exception, bad alike, Postmaster Fowler is imitating Woods’ stupidest and most reprenen- sible blunders. Wood parades himeclf this week at Saratoga; dogmatizes pompous novsonse into dull ears about ‘showing fight,” the “district system,” and his “articles” in the News. Fowler haw, baw, haw’s, jolly boy fashion, from town to town, along the Hudson, staking political salvation upon being w delegate atlargo to the Charleston Convention, Seward treachery triumph; let the November election go by default; the federal Union may split into a ecore of fragments, what do these selfish. stallow pated, one sided egotista ‘care? Their sole ond and aim {s to make up their books scientifically for the Presidential race, to keep well “in” with all candidates, and tc hedge £0 as, in any event, to wia. ‘The Syracuse Convention will, beyond a question, send @united delegaticn to Cherleston, The grand struggle next month will therefore be who shall cheat who. Whether Richmond, Cassidy & Co. saall make the next President and’ distribute fodder for the coming four years, or gome rival Possession of the bucket. Wranglings, fquadblings, hypocrisy, lying, wholesale perjury, Peckeniffism tothe centre; aod the key Loto of the vilest scamps of the crowd will be the ‘atro- cious immorality” of the Wise lettor, and of the effort to pitirodace” corruption among the democracy of this te. "Only one gloomy prerentiment causes tho Regevcy gang to ebiver aud shake. it is a foreboding, too, which itis @fty chances to one wil! be resized—aamely, that although their majority at Syracuse may onabdie them to Pack the delegation to Charleston their own way, the Selegates may bo cent about their business when they ket there. Virgipia will in no care sitdown in concord with the men who have fo foully insulted that Stato. And It is most probabie that the whole South will be upanimous in demanding that New York shall be ex- cluded from the Charleston Convention altogether, Tb's fear in drawing the bonds closer and more stringently between the cunning plettersof the Regency ad tho hares, Tho former vercolve that their salvation do- ponds upon the indulgence of the latter, and it js likely that an unusual sare of delegates will be conceded to tha Dickineon party, on condition that they cover the “cont. dence”? faction with their man News from Kansas. Leavenworta, K, T , Augomt 16, 1859. The Territorial Convention met yesterday at Topeks, nd nominated 8. W. Johnson for delegate to Congress. A Wife Burnt to Death by Fluid. Brincerorr, Angst 18, 1859, A YOUWG Wun id Wvdomiy amy Ww JOLR NCGS, BA de,