The New York Herald Newspaper, August 19, 1859, Page 1

<) = WHOLE NO. 8383. — ARRIVAL @F THE ASIA, TWO DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. Gur London, Paris, Berlin, Brussels and Florence Correspondence, THE ZURICH CONFERENCE. IMPORTANT PROM THE ITALIAN DUCHIES, Movements of the People in Mo- dena and Tuscany. Wi. FARINI ELECTED DICTATOR IN MODENA, Garibaldi to Take Command of the Tuscan Troops. The Disarmament in France and Sa- tisfaction in England, | Extensive Strikes of Laborers im Lendeon, ae. &., ae. She Oanard steamship Asia, Capt. Lott, from Liverpool bs ene o'clock P. M. on Saturday, the 6s of August, arriy: et af this port at noon yesterday. Her advices are two days later than those by the City of Bnittmore and Saxonis, Our files are from London and Liverpool to the 6th nat, , the day of sailing. 1h was announced thet the Conference at Zarich would be epened on Monday, the 8th inst, Count Colloredo, the representative of Austria at the @enference, passed through Dresden on the 4th inst., en roude from Vienna for Zurich. M. Desambrois had reached Zarich on bebalf of Sar @iuia. He firet visited Paris, and bad been well received by the Emperor. 5 ‘M. de Bourqueney had quittod Paris for Zurich to attend tke Oenference on behalf of France. ‘The Moniteur de la Flotte publishes a ietter from the eeatt of Friuli, which seys:— ‘cet, bas been hailed with the satisfaction Tha: port, joo joy of the population was undoucded, aud the trad. coh, expresing thelr graitade to him fur Dias rig to him us por the most animated ap- pearence; dockyards are again at full work, and tue geod times of Trievte have aiready returned. ‘The Paris Pays of July 31, after having stated tha: the Freach have a right to advise the [talians, because France Ras beem the pioneer of European liverty, and that she ‘Das acquired, at the cost of her biood and treasures, the wediopal independence of Italy, says:— Object bas been attained, the people should the developement of agriculture, traie, educa tionyibe eria and scienées, and set asice all thore dap- jamd fruitiess Gipaks which only serve ws ie of the ambitivus. The writer, 4. Greater de Onewignac, sees bo necessity for the Tuscans, the Parmesioos and the Modenes> to denationaliea themecives without serious causes, for however email a nation is, i is stil aa honor to b> tion, having its own life, its capital and its fxg. I:atian ‘enity ie @ dream, and time only might produca it, ater ds we@ulnees eball have been proven. To change aud eff 06 ancient and traditional de imitations ie no poitcy; it ia an vtepy. Le: the Italians justify th: a Frapoe and fortify that of Europe; it will suerte thapicse nave accused than of Sohlonces and ix: capacity. It will prove that they are wor:hy of the na tiopal indepenfence which has been #9 completely con qveved for them The practical work of organization io 0 succeed the work of arme he Jiaitan patriote wh Lave generaliy given thelr lives for the hveriy of their brothe:s should vot be deprived of the honor of haviog Jalen urefuily and gloriously. Fhe inheritance of the he 3008 cannot fall to ibe mischief makers, ‘The Paria correspondent of the London Zimes reiterates tue statement that Picdsont formuily deslines envering ‘duio the lalitan Confederation if Austria forms part of is. A denial ia given in Vienns to a statement in the Nord of @ pretended interview betvreen tbe Emperor of Austria end the King of Sardinia at Villafranca. ‘The autograph letter from the Emperor of Austria, #378 ‘tke Nord, which Prince Richard de Metternich brings to the Emperor of the French, is the reply to one writen by the iatier, aud sent by the Marquis de Banneville Taess ‘ure the only ietters the two sovereigus have exchaaged since the conclusion of peace. M. de Baaneville is to go tom Vienna to Zurich, where be wil sssiet Baron de Sour- g ueney at the Conference. A Turin letter to the Paris Patris mentions an attempt $0 poison Garibaldi. A letter from Turin of the Ist of August, states that General Garibaldi lay ill a! Brescia, where he was under ‘the care of Dr. Bazzani. The General has had a perspira_ sion suddenly checked, which has given bim some trouble, ‘Toe Paris Patric of the evening of 5th August saye:— According to a letter from Florence, it is supposed that Garibaldi will take the command of the Tascan army. ‘The Pricurseur D’Anvers of August 4 says that, now tbe Zurich Conferences render his presence in the Sardinian army uselese, Gen. Garibaldi thinks of demand- Jug an unlimited leave of absence. ‘The Paris correspondent of the London Globe, writingon the evening of the 4th instant, says:— Kossuth is quietly residing at aix-les Bains (Savoy), bus of General KispkaI have no tidings. Bo: have been duped in prime bas Bat they arn not the only vistim- fed “parties,” Walewani is to carry out bis suspect. ed plan of replanting the tirenells in Central Italy, the numoer of femilics compromised by tne inte fraudalent delusion will betnnumerabdle. It is now a nase of life or Geath to the Cootral Italiaus, and they know it. Waiew- eki bas been French envoy long sgo atthe Goart of fas. any, and is suppored to share Viecount Normanby’s no tions p'sked up in the court circles. What mischief may ensue is incalculable. ‘The Birmingsam (England) Journal eays:— Madame Kossuth left London en the 14th ult., sccom- ied by her eldest on, Mr. Francis Kossuth, to join her Wesbang; whom they met at Aix les-Bains, a watering place in $a . They intended a several moatne’ sojourn land, M. Koesuth’s grave mental suffsriage, circumstances, urgeat'y claiming the possible relaxation. M. Kossuth and famliy io ‘end returning to England by the antumn. fhe Freach Emperor promised to Kessuth that he wouid obtaia for the Hupgarisn Legion—as yet at Acqui, under tae com mand of Mr. Daniel Inasz, and consisting of five battalions ‘of toot and four troops of horse, numbering together aboat 5,000 men—not only the most com plete beret bat hie ‘wise that they shail never be claimed for any furtuer eer- ‘vices into the ranks of the Austrian army. 8 aod men sre to receive very handsome money gratuities at thetr dismissal; but they do not seem inclined to put over aon faitm in any pledge given by the Austrian govern ment. The Vienma Gaselle contains ordinances revoking ths rostrictions which wore impossd on commerce and nav Gatlon on account of the war. The interdiction to export horses and mules is, however, maintained. x ‘The following paragraph appears in the Journal du According to private information. ceived E which we have re- {his morning from Foatainebléau, orders have been of royal apartments in ths het r. fe do not ki . spared ae ateneg” "8 We aro able to declare false in every point, and devol: of foundation, the statement made in certain journals tet since the peace of co Pra on ange has taken piece in the relations between France on the one hand and Russia firee, Powers are, what they always have tenement led re, Wi @ havo been, with the most perfect cordiaitty. ar ‘The same journal aleo says;— As to the numerous rumors, unsupported b proof, that a collision will shortly take place betvore Prowse ot England, they, also, are imegioary. In the eyes of seri. oun men, the docie!on taken by the French government re Jative to disarming, and the deslaratious of the Engltion ‘Mipiaters in Parliament, are material proofs of whi wo advance. Bat for those who have pergoual. interest ia nosing the contrary to be believed, it im clear that these Sacta will not suffice. A Paris letter of August meatione (he ramor of an ee Pa early ministerial change. Mr. The, avene! to take the place Of Count Walewaki at the Forezn Affairs; M. Walewski to de Secretary of State, amd Mr, Fould to be pisced en the retired list, At Ostend, on Samésy, July 31, the first stome of a new dock was laid by the Hing of tne Belgians with conside rable pomp, the Dake de Brabant and the Count de Flan- dre being present at the ceremony. lo the evening a grand dinner was given to tho King and the princes, and at the dessert his Majeaty proposed the following toast:— To the contiaued prosperity o” the town of Ostend:—I have the great mncere rat sfaction of stating here Abst within twenty eight years Ostend bas seen the num ber of its inbabitants doubled, and ite commercial wealth mereaged in @ like bry pened that progress atill continue. Be agsurea of the interest I take in a prosparity to which I have bad the happiness of coatrivutiog. Baron Haber, manager of the Bank of Darmstadt, M Hanseman, director of the Discount Bank at Barlin, and Baron Mulkeps bave received the concession fer es'abliah ing at St Petersburg a general sovlety for bankiog and trading (Société generale de banque et de commerc:). Tao @npital of tae company to be 200,000,000 fraves, ia 400,000 shores of 600 franca cach. Thestatutes of the compiny bave been confirmed by the Emperor of Russia. The Lioya’s company at Trieste claim an indemnity of two millions florins, it im ald, for three of their boats which were sunk at the entrance of the port of Venice when au atiack was expected. Galignani’s Messenger of the 6\h of August bas the fol- lowing: — Itmsy be remembered that in March Inst, when Mr. Worpby, the celebrated American chase player, Was 1a Paris, he principal chess amaveure had deci ied on bol 4 ‘ug & kind of cheas tournament, divioe. inte five catego- nes of players, the conquerors 10 wiich Buould afte-wards measure their strengin with Mr, Morpny. The sudden departure of that gentieman for the Usited Sistes preveut- ed the full accomplieh ment of the programme, but the | idea of the Wournament was carried ou;, and the fouowing entlemen beve been dec ared victors reapect:vely in tne wtegories:—M. Journaud, M. Potier, M Philippe, M. P apd M. Le Rasle. An congeqnence of the remarks about Gibraltar which have recently been made in eeveral Madrid journals, tha semi official Correspondancia Autografa states that the Spaniah government has no right to prevent the Englisb trom strengthening the fortifications of that place, or from extracting stone within ite military zone. od Ip Engiand the Parliamentary proceedings had been mainly confined to discussion upon th> supplics, all of whicd had been duly voted in accordance with the Minis terial estimates. Included in the votes are £130,000 on ac- count of a direct telegraph to Gibraltar; £10,000 to aid in the conversion of the copper currency into one of broaze. Ip the House of Commons a bill was parsed through Committee which cetabliches a reserve force of 30,000 men for the navy, in the same way thatthe militia serves ‘a reserve for the army. The volunteers are to be en. colled for a period of five years. | Tne annual Ministerial “ Whitebait Dinner’ at Green- wich bad been fixed for the 10h of Angust, and the son- sion of Parliament would close om the following Saturday, 13th inet. The Manchester Evaminer of the 6th of August exys:— The General Committee of the Cobden soiree met on Wed. nesday vight, and sat fortwo hours deliberaticg on a plan which had been prepared for their iaspec.ion. After much deliberation various minor alterations were msde, ard,2s finally adopted, the plan provides sitting room in the pavilion for 2,000 persons, including over 300 on a strong platform. Phe press is provided for by a tabie twenty four feet long and rather over two fee wide, with weats op each side, Over 1,500 tickstg have been applied for, and the number will be limited to 2,000. A deputation from the Anti-Upium Society bed waited vpon Sir Charles Wood to urge the prohibition of the oul- tivation of opium, except for medistnal purposes, ia Bri- tish India. Sir Charles, in reply, said the present uneatia- factory state of the finances of India rentered it impossibie to touch the revenue derived from the opium trade. ‘Tt was stated that the Great Husern steamship will be delivered up tothe company by the contractors, in aa | entirely complete condition, on Thureday, Auguet 18, The threatened strike in the building trade in Loudon daily became more rerious, and it was feared that on the day the Atia sailed there would be as many as 40,000 operatives in the trace unemployed, An cflloial inquiry, directed by the British Board of Trade, into the cirsumstances under whish the tcrew | steamer Argo, chartered by the Atiantic Royal Mail Seam | Navigation Company, was wrecked on the coast of New. foundland, op the 28h of iast June, was commenced at the Custom Ronge, Doblip, on the 4ub inst., before Frank Thrope Porter, Eeq., J. P., with Capiain Harris, RN., a8 naut'cal asseseor. Mr. O'Dowd appeared on the part of | the Board of Trade. Dr. Townsend, with J. M. Cantwell, appeared for the Transatlantic Royal Mail Steam Naviga tion Company. fhe proceedings were adj urued. The Bath (Eng ) Chronicle saye;—(ae Mayor of that city was engoged for several hours investigating a charge | againet a gentleman ho'diog « high position in the army, luyolving the offence of sczding anonymous letters of the moet filthy and obscene character toa lady well knowa in fashionable circies, and much esieemed in Bath. Tue accused, who had been apprehended under a warrant istued by the Mayor, was Colonel Jobn Alexavder Forvee, of Lonach Lodge, Beacon Hill, and the charge agalust hia (accordizg to the warrant) that he did on the 234 of Juse last, “anlawfaily and wickedly utter and publish an ob. eccne and indecent letter, with intent to Jebauch and oor. rupt Adelaide Lucy Featoa, and with intent to incite her to commit a breach of the peace.” At the close of the inquiry the Mayor determined to rend the case to the Astizes, and the defendant was aimitied to bail, himself and one surety in £400. The Dublin correspondent of the London Post, writing on the 4th instant, says:—The Romain Catholic bishops assembled in Dubl'n held their second sitting yeeterday. The proceedings are, of course, private, and the oaly in ‘imation of their character as yet published is contained in the following paragre 7h from the Morning News:— The interest felt in the important proseediogs of the | Rynodical meeting—we find that it 4 & ByLOI—OF the bicrerchy, hourly increases, and not the less from the Profound wecresy with which the the trangactioas are con- cealed from the pubic, Yesterday the meeting lasied close upon eix hours, and was held in one of the side cha- pels of the pro-cachedral, the usual room for conference in the presbytery being inadequate to the accommodation of the large number of prelates, Besides the twenty nine Ls agli lore Dames we inserted yesterday, the Right Rev. Dr. Whelan was also in atteudance, and 0a n9 occa. sion within our remembrance have so many bisnops assembiod in race in Ireland, We have every reagoa w believe tha’ the decisions of the synod upon the elu cation question will be all that the couotry could wiab, and thas they will lay the foundation of a lastieg pence in reference to this great measure. The British mail packet Teviot arrived at Southampton on the bth instant, with the West India and Mexicw mails She had on freight specie to the amount of $2,738,080, coa- tating of $2,507,966 value in silver, and $230,114 value io £0ld, and plata pina, value $6,617; 40 ceroons of cochinsa!, 11 ceroons of jalap, 90 cases © segars, 91 packeges vanilla, 9 beles of wax, 57 bales sarsaparilla, aod 5 cases of tortoise- hell, From Mexico, 2,744,099 in dollars and bar eilver. American securities were generally unchanged. State stocks were in good demand. The rales of cotton in the Liverpool marzet for the week adted up 46,000 bales, of which 3,500 bales were to speculators, and 5,500 bales to exporters, Toe market was rather inactive at unchanged prices generally, but’ there were a few forced sales at a slight decline, At the close holders continued to offer freely, but showed no disposition to press sales any further, and the quotations were barely maintained. The Manchester advices were favorable for goods and yarns. Prices wero steady, market closing quiet. Meaers. Baring Bros. quote broadstufts very dull and maintained. Sugar heavy. Spiri‘s turpentine of all grades slightly declined. The steamer Jason has been enlisted into the Galway line, and leaves Galway for S:. Jobns, N. F., on the 20th instant, The steamships Arago and Woeer, from New York, ar- rived at Southampton on the 4th inet. ‘The steamship Vigo, from New York, arrived at Liver- Pool on the 4th inst, English Sportsmen in Amertoa. TO THB EDITOR OF THE HRSALD. Baacon Loan Caristcnunce, Taly 30, 1859, Permit me, through the medium of your paper, to ad- bee & few words to my brother sportsmen in the United 70. An oppor\unity which I have often longed for hes been sffordea me of paying a visit to Naw York, starting from Liverpool, for the expresa purpose of fra- ternizing with the disciples of St. Hubert, shaking hands with my tranantiantic brethren, and, with the advice of wy brother eportemon, proceeding through a portion of the cultivated conmtry tothe Deagnificent prairies, gather- MORNING EDITION—FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1889. tog by the way all information—-scicntidc, sgrica’tarat and orsithological—that i+ 18 possible for me W dullest. My stay im the United States must ofuecessy be) mited; bus, under the bieasiog of Heaven, I nope, ore my rotira to sprnd my Chrietmes in Eogland, to bave as:ieved and learned enough to enable me to tell my countrymen & tale, and to point ons to trem the route and the outlay re- quired for others ia future times to folow my example, (My baxrative, 1 need bardly aid, will appear ip the columne of the Lonuon Fietd ) I shall bring with me rome of my hounds and dogs, the faithful companions of my ieigu:e boare, aa’ iarow my- seif ou that kiadness which, from my exporiense of the Awercsu character io other climes, law conviace’d was Bever by & stranger siogtt ip vaio. Lexpsot to arrive st New York op or about tue 31 of Soptemper. Your ovedieot, huaule sereeo', GRANELEY F, BERKELEY. Our London Oorrespoadence. Lonpox, August 6, 1859. The Ancient and Modern Janut— Dissati‘faction on Alb Suls—The Grand Duke and his Son—The Operations of Nepoleon at Home—Cunfersions About the War—Unrwly Aliiances—The End Not Yet—The War t Break Ou’ | Again—Partiamentory Affairs—The Galway Lin—A New Line of Seamers for the New World—Levzr at the Head of the Movement— Activity in England in Commer- cial Exterprite— England and America One Natim— Their Work the Work of Liverty~Scansas by an English- man, dc., de, de. The ancients represented Janug with two faces, turned im opposite directions. The Janus of to day, bowever, bas both faces turned to the sume point. Diplomacy says the empire, the conflict, an@ the status qua are peace; while epapers, the Svock Bxchapge and the rumors from the South of Karope all read very like wa One state- ment rays that Ausiria is determined to reconquer Lom- bardy; and al! accounts agree that neither the Sirdinians, the Lombards, tho Puecans nor the Venetians are contented or tatisfled with the settlement of aifaire by the two sove- refgns. The Sardipians are dissa‘isied because their plucky oldies King was not consulted in the armistice or treaty; the Lombards are chagrined because they have bots free Italy eastward to the Adriatic; the Venetians are mortified end sulky to see all their bopes of freedom Cashed to the ground, and the war extend no benefits to ‘bem; while the Tuecaps are mad, cantankeroas and wrotby, and send forth curses, both loud and deep, as ‘Thick ae autumnal Jeaves that strew the brooks In Valiambrosa, because their knave and fool of aGrand Duke, whom they drove off, is to be succeeded by ason who is more knave and fool than the father. Louis Napoleon has set himecif to improving the resources of the Empire, to binding up wounds, planting vineyards and making wine, and he now esys thet had war not conciuded when it did, it would have broken out on the Rhine, in Hungary, and perbeps some other places. Of course if it had browen out on the Rhine it would have been becanss he eet it going, for no one supposes France would have been in- vaded from that quarter had he not taken the initiative Aa ove of our Reyolationsry orators said, men may cry, “Peace, peace, but there is no peane”? Peass dogs not exist in T’aly, and cannot in the present stata of afftirs. Ne wortal )p bis senges can imagine France or Russia a8 driving at avything except awaiting @ proper m ment to pounce on Certa'n quarry that lie temptingly in thelr g-nsp. We may well start on the base that all ciose alliances between cespotism and freedom, batween absolute acd conetitutioast governments, are unnatural; sud among these, would not un alliguce besween Jobn Bull and the Hopeburg be ‘most foal, strange snd uppatural?’’ There might a8 well bea pu fy between the lion and the deer—the one peacstuily ronal Dating on earth’s flowery cacpet, and ine other fading his Obly mest ip the live avimals tha: be pretends vo befriend. France bas made friends with Austria because (hat, caun ty could not afford to bave ag enemivs the domtoioas of Francis Joseph along with Proscia, all the rest of der. many, and Great Britain togetuer. The map of Earops ik an ipetructive etady for an ambitiout soverciga. &% ia easy vo caioulete that, besioning }. Peteraburg, Oa breadth of land from the White Sea to the Biack Soa, and then west through the vallers of the Sone aud the Danube; thence along Northern Taty to Toulon, and all Fragce could present @ front that could desp.se, and, if nved be, swellow up alt Turkey, Greece, aud italy, ana wea, lucky, reconquer the Rhine, acd defy both Prosais aad Great Britan, Spe'n would do as Franse gait, ‘or gaffer,” and provadiy bow, and Ferdivand of Naples could ba conciltated o> koocked on the head, ## cirsumstanses or policy for the time beiag seemed to dictate. tho end Lot yet, and the busigess and commercs of the world, the lovers of peace acd the wishes of tae goot, must oi) be pisced ta jeopsaty avd uscortainty while (hree men, ruling one bundred and twenty miliose of subjects, hal! condeecead to te't ux whecher we are to Dave permanent peace or gery wer. I set it down that war tbrongbous Fnrove csono’, in all human prodabiity, be deleyes longer than txo yearsfrom the 4in of July- 1859. [o fact, the business and commercial interes’e of the worid would be betser off to bave ® war at oace and Jot it De fougst out, rather than this siate of coasiaut ua- certainty. Jord Palmerston, like many another succesefal politt claps, does not fad the summit of power a bed of roses. His Parliawentary msjority of twelve has dwiodied to nix by the unseating of eix members for bribery, aud tha trials avd contested casem are Do: yet flaivned. A mem. ber of hie government—Lord Bary, memover for Nor wich—fade bis seat in great joopardy, and it remalas to be decided, not only whethor be shail be in the govera- ment, but whether he shall now or hereafter be capable of representing that borough again. Pluccy Pam has coromenced a tark to which be ig unequal—that of not only opporing Lord Derby and bis frieada, bat sieo of up- Setting some of the most popular end useful measures ever adopted by any government. Backed’ by toe London Times newspaper, the wily Vieoount eeoms trying to upret the mail contract mate by Darby, Disraati & Oo. with Mr Lever and bis confreresof Galway. It can’t be done, and the very attempt will oaly sucwed in alienating @ gufficint oumber of Irish mombers to emesh bis ministry. In the sime boat wan the Gelway contract are the Dover contrast, the vevewal of the Amerivan coutract wita Sir Samuel Cuuerd & Oo., and s pew aud most usefal con tract accelerating the metis between London, Dublia and all perts of Irciend. Palmerston has not gone too far to recede; he bas not originated the measure now in opera tiou—the appoiniment of an examining committee by the Rouse of Common to inquire into all of the above coo. tracts—but he bas given the cola shoulder to the friends of the Gaiway linc. One stroke of policy now wouid strength. en Lord Paimereton more than any political msnce2vre we have geen bere for yeara. Leth'm give in his adhesion and approbation to the Galway mail contract, look to the interesta of Ireland along wita thore of the United King: dom, ight Mr. Lever, 804 cut off the little kaot of soram- blers, who are not a corporal’s gaard but conflaed to some half. dozen Liverp20! and Limerick mon that opjoss the G y subsidy, simply because they do not ressive it and gains an accession of etrength that be will soon Wart. The la>ors of the gersion will be over nex’ wesk, Saturday, before you get this; but it may be prolonged a fow daya beyond thet. Iwill not enter into particulars till next week, but it wit! Interest you to know that « new company has been form ed, and a ne® line of steamers projected, and i¢ now us fait aczompli, to ® part of the great coset of America, to wit: Perpambus0, Babia sod Rio Janeiro. The line wil! be under the Portuzueee flag; thair legal domicil at Lis- bon, but the business direction in London, and the promi- nent ports Milford Haven, Cadiz, Madeira and the above named ports ia Brazil, Tho line was founded by Me, Ls yer, and the concession and subsidy, in the I:nguage of the royal grant, given to ihs most illustrious John Or- rel! Lever, John Anthon Roebuck, Thomas Ho ward, Ro vt. Ford, Sebsatino Pinto Leite, and the most illustrious Taco filo Bernex Pbilipon.”” They got mail subsidies from bata Portugal and Brezi, and extraorJioary concessions in the Sis good free of duty. Is will probably nearly ruin the Britten line to Rio, which has heretofore had a trade, but a very emali subsidy—only £30,000 a year. Lois company bas the name of the “Anglo L180 Brazilian Sieam- ship Co,” aod will bave for business agents in London the eminent firm of steamship proprietors and agents, Bake, Adam & 0o., of No. 8 Philpot Iane. The public announse- mont of the line wili be mado on Mondsy next, and ac iva Operations will commence tn about a month. The first steamers they send out will be some of the fine fleet lately purchssed by Mesers. Lever & Howard. So yousee that while the American Congress and ¢o- yernment do rothing in the way of setting ste:m lines on foot, the more enter ing Britishers do everything, and Make ove comoany foile# another in rapid succession. If the day ehould unlackiiy come that a powerful com: bination should be formed against Old Engiand, with per- hapa no ove to back her but Prussia, sensibie men ia bo:b that country and thie—men who do not believe the bioot of 1688 or of 1776 was shed for nothing—anticipate, if no’ en alliance of the natiozs, at lexst an allience of the pso- ples, when the joint thunders of Kentucky rilles and Arm- strong cannon will sweep the enemies of rational liberty from the face of the earth. Oa such an occasion Great Britain and all her children would he as one famiiy, who. ther those children were “of age” er in their minority. As one of Englena’s poets has told us in stirring words:— Ours ie a glorious birthright; Var children guard it well, ‘Where, oe’r the western billow, Sweet Freedom’s martyrs fel; ‘Fhat cruel strife forgiven, We'll battle side by rida, To teach dark Rome forbearance, And curb the despet’s pride, Our armies on their banners Shall, with their deeds of fame, Torcri The A ibe that mighty watchword Anglo-Saxon name; i Our proud fleets linked together, in union drm and true, With thelr tia tlage ef triumph Shall aweep the waters bius, Theeo starizee are by one of Engiand’s young mon of genius, Avfred B. Richards, eq, a man wie oan deroe the righva of his country and hia race by hia pen, and ite shores with the sword. Mr. Richurde was candidate for Parliament for Ripon at the Inte election, aad came near doing erected, and by his ed7orts in getting up padlic meet inge, end Giecusetng the aubjoot. seams determined taat the comtry al ‘ot long remain in ita prerent defence. less state, or uable to cope with an enamy, woetuor Bro. ther Jone\ben fights by the ride of Jona Batt or not, ‘Whether sworde aro to bo boeten Into plongneharos or not, Mf you know avy good beds of saltpewayou had beter goerd them watehfally. Our Parts Correspondence Paria, August 4, 1959. ‘The Suspension of Political Discutsiom:—Contumacwnus Spirit of the Pops— His Hitiness Insists on Karnwing What Sit of « President He Is—He Rejects the Orde Napoleon — Dis sobution of the Army of the Rhine—Disarmamemt of « Part of the Plet—Gneral Pesce Movements—Austria Yielding to the March of Progress— Verstia’s Pate Nit 29 Bad as was Trought—' Seif” the Ruls in Awitria—Aus. trian Praises of the Dinveror of the French—The Defra Her Worn Out Projwitces—The Dislowati: Correspri- dence of Manin—Tiv: Cridings of the Constisutionnel—Re Young Bipinasie w bs Enfant de Troupe in the Sond Want Scenes of the Campaign—Correct List of the Killed and Wounded— Visit of th: Rmperar and Empress ta the Camp of St. Maur—Kxecitement on the Occasion, de. , &: Political discussions in regard to Italy are comperaiize y | tuspended until the decisions of Ztrich shall compleva tio bases laid down at Villafravca. There is a ramor taut the Pope, notwithatending a letter addressed to bim by tb> Emperor of the Freveh, in that succinct and lacid atyle Peculiar to hie Majesty, has shown a contamasions ayirit: that hie Holiness incontmentiy demands wast his prasi- dency is to copeist of, and over whst. It cannot be over Of thom are not to be found, or, a8 the phrase ismaid to ba, en vacamees. The Pope muintaine that, first of all, each sovereign should be in ful! por jon of his States, eane- cisly the Preeident bimecit, Theo, as for the introduc- | ton of the Code Napoleon, bis Holiness is ssid to maintain that already a much better cote prevails, and therefore it cannot be neceesary; besides that, the Code Napoleon ia ite law of merriage is entirely at issue with the very es sence of the Apo:to'ic view. The Moniteur yesterday announced that, by an order dated the 27th of July, the army of observation was solved, Thiz, of course, appliee to that commanded by the Duc de Malekofl, aud wh!ch, ia case of any Ge ne movement, would have marched tothe Rhine. “ Never. thelers,” adds the officia! journal, “the divisions—iafso try and cavalry—asmembicd as the camp of Chaloog; and those which compote the camp of He'faet are to remain constituted, the former under the orders of General Coant Ge Schramm, and the latter uniter General Moeasiab. No_ thing will be changed for the present in the other active divisions which formed part of the army of observation.” Three per cents, so recently at 62, are now 69.30, The Minister of Marine has pent off orders to all the Ports relative to the disarmament of a part of the Freach fleet. At Brest all the vestels under the command of Rear Admiral Fourichon, sad the armameat of which bai just been completed, will be placed en commissim. The same will be done at Toulon with the four frigates and Other emaller veesels under the orders of Rear Admiral Bouet Willaumez. At Cherbourg, the Gourville, live of battle ship, the Souveraine, frigate, and the Fondroyanie, floating battery, which were in the roadsiead, have boea teken into dock to be dizarmed and Iaid up in ordinary The Napoleon, screw liaer, is expected from Tonloa at Cherbourg, where she wiil have her engines taken out and replaced by emaller ones. Several otber line-of battle eb'ps and other vezsels of war bave been ordered to Cher bourg to be disermed. Directions, tt is said, have also been given for the coset baticries to be piszed on a peace foo ing. The French goverument announces that its purchase of horees is suspended, aod those animals whica ure de- clared wufit for service wid be sold; but any surplus war meterial is to be laid up in the arecuals or depots. “Several buudred tchourand mep,’’ official organs, “will be restored to the plough or workshop, and the country will be enriched by their at home than on campaign; alao, in the parcdase of provi- sions, in the storing of arsenals, ia clotting, in camping material, horses, baggage trains,” &>.,&>. (a> sums kbus saved will be in tr» aggregste enormous, each item repre eenting several mi) ona of francs. Everytbipg which reaches us from Austria seems to mply that, with reepect to that empire, Napoleon has no need Of preserving bia armaments. Austria is deter- mined to conform herself to the new situation of effaire, and Venetia ball have no caute to regret the fate tbat bas befallen her. She feels deeply tbat in her bour of difficaliy ahe was deserted by sl\ who, by tbe common Ia.w of the Holy Alliance, should have flown to tection. Henceforward she is to think of herself elf only, The old alliances of the legitimate sovert broken, the old tles which uai- ted them nave lost their force, ane sxye. No’ t allow any- thipg fo be undertaken a; the logal order en :ablished by the tresties of Vienna the role. Even g: mmects cteated by revolution declared they must be respecied; but now things are charged. “‘Puglend,”” Austrign Gazeits, a journal of semi- official importanc resente the ead spectacle of a go- vernment which bus lost ali ite supports mod which floats at hazard betweeo unchaived patsions, the interests of cv- ton epioners, and the diequiztaceof staiesmen. To dissin- ulafe ite weainese this coneetvative State prosagites reva- lotionsry principles, is afraid of war, and cries out when pence is concluded. Russia ig retired in the exirema, within ber fortress of ice and snow. She makes ne‘s with @ good deal of art, and it ie not yet kaown who or what ebe desires to catch in them. As to Prussia, every one bas bad au opportunity of forming a judgment reepectiag her. Germany, which wanted to march to the help of given a striking contradiction to the partisans of the policy 6f Gotha, ana bas proved to the world that she has lost nose of her vigor, but she has been paralyzed by the poli cy of her most powerful member, who was too irres>laie to decide anything. France bas at this moment @ govern- ment which in vigor contrasts with allo:hers. Tae Prince who is at ber head governs bimecif, but he does no like a map, and with all the autbority of high capacity. Europs adinits that recent events bave given that government new elements of force and solidity, The peror of the French ie of great Intelligence and @ profound statesman; thet must be admitted by those who oppose and those who share his views. He displays neither hesitation nor un- certainty, because he knows what ho wants, and conse- quently knows how toact at the right moment. Tas op Fosition of interests between Austria and France will, no doubt, cease in conrequence of the regulation of the Ita- lian question, and-tnere is reeson to baiieve that Ausiria can remain on the best terms witn France. The cog: merte which Austria bas taken sbe must puoctualiy faidi; pose on ber towards her neigabors, butehe must aiso, and before all thinge, think of herself.” A let'er from been in 20 difficult a position as ane is at preeent. For the interval affairs of the country, the government will bs obliged ta follow a line of conductcomptetely opposite to that which bas hitherto prevailed. Austria _wili be com {the age and to the wishes of tne people. It will be in Ve- netia that the government must be partioulariy careful, wud if it woul not loge that province it must reorganize it In a manger as ian ag possible It is now clearly seen what a serious fault was committed in rofas ing to listen to the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian whea he constaatly exhorted for Austrian Italy wise and mode rate reforms. " Apropos of Venetia, the"diplomatic correspondence of Manin bas just been ‘pudliehed, headed by these words written by Manip in his Pensies Detachées, in 1855:—‘ ine woes of Italy are not those which admit of pailia. lives. Austrian domination if as an iron lance ia a rapkling wound; it must be extracted before the process of healing can take place. It is not a government; it is an army encamped in a foreiga country. ‘“Althougd published only a few days, this pampbiet has found immense gale, On the proposal to make a separaio State of Lombardo Venetia, but still con tinu'ng under the domiaion of Austria, Manin—and now tbat he bas departed from this fitful scone his words sink deeper into our minds—observes, in a letter dated from Venice, January, 1849:—‘‘So loog ag the Aus‘rians occupy the great valiey of the Po, no constitutions, however care- fully formed, no terrors, no penalties will ba strong enough to maintain political order, whether at Naples, at Rome, at Florence or furin. Half measures will only cause the revolution to past from one place to another; general misery will be the imevitable consequence. The people, even where passive before, witl rise up; and wheo once the populations, from one end of the Peniosu'a to the , ehall bestir themselves, no Ca will ever again reduce them to order. But I enclose you we pampblet. The Constitutionnel—firet in semi official autnority—be gins to chide the Italians with ingrasitude:— Tt is true,” it says, “that Austria retains Mantua and Verons, Peechiera and Logaago;, but, in addition to her reponderating {nfluence in Itely, she dons the Forvreeses of Piacenza, Brescella, Pezzighetone, Bocca d’Aulo, Ferrara and Ancona, with the whole of that of the Vemstian terrtory which extends the right bank of the detached Min comp! from the House of Hapsburg, Emperor has certain!: Tov done all he wished for Italy; but he bee done all tues his duties as sovereign of France permitted. Hae any accurate estimate been made of what the difference woul: have cost? It woula have required more battler, new loans, an immediate war on the Rhino, commotions in Central Italy, insarrestions in Hunger havo deen mitted, ani, webchat og s , encouraged. & word, it would have required fre sbendonment of the principies of order anit tho adoption of revolutionary principles—agitation reacwed ei present, aod an abyss opened for the future—not to ment possible reverse. In comparizoa with aii there perils tho advantages to be obtained for Venetia from 8 prolonged and suc%seful war wou'd be se nothing; aud et would Italy refyse this sucritice to the Emperor and reece, who Dave exorificed 90 mach for her? The ina! advantages of the war are shce summed up:-— “Tho Haperor, who recontiy condeacended to explain his conduct to Italy, etates thay he did ali he could ties of Austria—The Syirit of the Age Batding Again | turn of Marshal McMaton and the Duke de Granmmt— i Zavawer—Horare Vernel’s Return with Materials for Brit, the thrones, principatities and powers of \taly, for ane | jays one of the semi. _ labor. The economy effected will be in pay, which is lees | Austrie, hes preserved her position and dignity. She nas | she must, in particular, observe those which treaties im- | Vienna atates:—3ince 1848 Austria hes not | polled to make considerab!6 coneesions to the spirit ot | PRICE TWO CE) witbout jeonaréizing the destinies of France. We Ctizese have the right, and are in duty ound to say, | with all respect, that the Emperor Nepoieon has fally | { pastored all thet could bave been fairly exoected from | is Msjeaty. The confidence of the country imposes | who bas renounced politics, an1 of M. obiigations, and it is becavee be bas great power 1! | abould act with moderation. Benceforth Italian nati vc | Will Dave & real existence if the Italians posse. the | | talent and prudence to make the most of the advantages | which ho peace secures them,” | The army ia to be reduced by anticipated discharges of | ® Provisional character anu by reuewed furloughs In | | pout of fact, such a reduction amounts to none whatever, | BOF ip tt hkely to have any serious influenca io Engiana, to | | propitiave whom it is oetensibly done. All these men are | | atthe dispceal of the government, and we saw, toree | | months xgo, with what marvellous promptfiude avd with = admirable zeal they responded to the Emperor's wil. | | Marrhais de McMahon and Niel have arrived in Paris from Itely, The Duke do Grammont, the French Ambas- | esdor at , is likewise here, Barom Talleyrand goes | to Stockholm "to congratulaie the new King of Swe | den. Mme. Bspinnase, widow of the General of that | name killed in fimiy, bas written to the commanier of | the Second Zouaves {0 bave her iufantoon received as | evfant de troupe in that regiment. | “Poe Tnira, Sixth, Eighth and Fifty-second regiments of | the Ime, the Firat anc second Voliigeurs, the Third Gre. | nadiers and the batialion of foot Chasseure of the Guard, arrived yesterdsy st the camp of di. Maar. A detach: | ment of the Guides of tbe Guard fromihs army of Laty | also arrives yerterday, and left at once for St. Gormsin | enLage. Some horee artiilery of the Guard likewise ar- | rived and proceeded to Versailles. | M. Horace Vernet bas retorned to Paris from Sialy with materiais for some magnificent tavieaux of rocemt | evente. bas we the As much diecrepancy prevailed respectin; exact numbers killed and wounded in the rerpective ar- foliowing tab ¢ will prove interesting :— At Montebello—Allies, 7,000 engaged, 859 killed and wounded. Aurtrians, 19,000 engaged, 1,150 kilied and wourtded, and 160 prisoners, At Palestro—Allies, 21,000 engaged, 1,400 killed and wounded. Anstriaus, 24,000 engaged, 2,i¢0 killed and wounded, 959 prisoners, and six pisces of cannon. At Magenta and Turbigo—French, 55,000 engaged, 4.600 killed and wounded, 200 prisoners, aud one cannon. Aus- irik 000 engaged, 13,000 kilied and wounded, 7,000 pri v8, aud four caonon. At Melegnano—French, 16,060 engaged, 900 killed and | wounded. Austrians, 18,000 engaged, 1,400 killed and | weanded, 900 prisoners. At Solferino— Allies, 145,000 engaged, 16,800 killed and wounded, 350 prisoners.’ Austrians, 170,000 engaged, 21,000 ialled and wounded, 7,000 prisoners, and thirty cannon. It Is thus seen that the total loss in killei and wounded of the Allies was 24,550, and of the Austrians 38,650, max- ing @ differenge agaipat the Austrians of 14,300, The num- ber of eh taken prisoners was only 300, while the Austrians Jost 16,000. The French took forty pieces of canyon, and the Austrians only 1. Prince de Metternich is ex; hourly from Vienna, as the bearer of the reply of Exporor of Austria to s letter addressed to him by the Emperor Napoleon, The Emperor and Emprees on Monday visited the camp of Si. Maur, where so many of tne Italian braves are col- lected preparatory to their grand entrée, on the 1éth, into tbe capital. At four in the afternoon a sudden bustle was perceptible, the drums beat to arms, the bandg assembled in the greatest haste—the imperial carriages were seen advanc.pg. Their Mojeaties arrived ex poste, without es- cort, accompanied only by some officers and ladies of the hourehoid. The Emperor was in piain clothes—the Em- preas ip mourpin; the young Queen of Portugal. | Ibeir Majesties alighted and went on foot thi | Camp, passiog between two lines, one formed by the troop, the otLer bythe crowd of visiters. Tne most en- | thuelestic cries are oe i inpnat fe i | OV ive —— Vive rince ”? bur | forth on ail sides. ” When they arrived in front of the | Bret company of the Grenadiers of the Guard, to which the hope of the dynasty belongs, a t1 fous shout broke forth of “ Vive le Naporal’”’ and an officer belonging to the company addrestea some respectful words to the | Emperor. Their Majesties visi.ed every part of the camp — Greatest interest, and did not quis it till six | o’clook. Prince Jerome, who has been very seriously ill, is much netter. fhe thermometer has been for the last few day? pinety-three in the shate, and such beast is anid to bave affected him most prejadiciaily. MM. de Bousquerey hx come up from Biols, en row for ‘Zarich, to which he is French Pienipotentiary. | Our Beriin Correspondence. Beaux, August 8, 1859. War Apprehensions Subsiding—No Great Faith in the Moniteur—The Emperor Really Desires Peac:—The Prus | sien Army to be Demubilized—The Landwehr to be Dis- | mised—Tranquillity Gradually Returning—Apprehen. tions of Danger No! Alvog:ther Fatinguithed —Potitical Relation ef Prussia with the Other Powsrs—Practice in Gunnery—Defecls in the Military System of Prussia— General Politics, d6e., de. | The eppretenetene cla new war becaking out on tho tail of the old one have been in some degree alayed by the announcement of the Monitsur about the Emperor’s baving ordered his iand and sea forces to be placed oa the Pesce footing. It isnot that people are fuclined to pin their faith to the assurances of this French official priat, which bas shown itself as much eatitied to the sobriquet of La Menteur ag it wat ia the days of the first Napoleon, and which, just Fe.ore 200,000 men wore despatched to Italy, deeared very coolly that the proposal of a general disarmament could not apply to france, imaemuch as she never bad armed at all; but there is an impression that the Emperor really desiree to bave the affuirs of the Penin- sula settled before engaging in any new under- takings, and that, whatever his plans may be, he has reserved their execution for some future period. Festiva lente i bis great maxim; like the ancient pilgrims to | Jerusalem, he makes two steps forward and one back- | ward, never losing sight of his object, but pursuing it slowly and circuitously, until he has gradually smoothed away the obstacles that impede his progress, M. le Mar- | quig de Monsteir, his Ambassador at Berlin, bas informed | the Prince Regent of the inteaded reduction in the French | armaments, and hinted tha’ a similar measure is expected | | on the part of this country, as « guarantee that the con | ciltatory poiicy of bie master will be responded to in the | same spirit by the Prussian government. [n consequence | of this communication, orders have been issued for de- | mobilizing the army, the whole landwehbr and the second class reserves being dismissed to their homes, and only the first class remaining with their corps till they are re- Placed by this year’s levy of recruits, who enter on the | ‘Istof October. The preparations for arming and victualling | | the fortresses, &c., has been suspended, and everything | seems to be relapsing into the usual state of tranquillity which was interrupted g0 unp!easantly by the events of the | last few months. The Prince Regent started on Sunday | for Ems, to meet his sister, the Emproas Russia, and will proceed from thence to Ostend for the benefit of sea bathing. Most of the ministers and the | conps dij ique have left town, as have great numbers of perzons whom the stormy aspects of the times had pro- | vented from making their usual summer exsarsions; and | this capital reconty 20 very lively, looxs duller and moore listless than ever, afier the recent excitement. In spite of this apparent calm, however, there is a feeling of | vuncaginess in every borom; all parties, lit and re- | actioniete, jo Austrians and patriotic Prussians, aro | | equally digsatiefied with the turn which thiags have taker. ‘Tae various ecctions into which the German Fatherlaad is divided are 1n0re embittered azainat cach other than ever, and it is evicent that when the next crisis arrives it will | find them as cigunited, 2nd consequently as powerless, as the last. The vacillation displayed by the Prussisn government in its political action and its negotiations with the other Powers was chiefly occasioned by the difference of opin. ton that prevailed between the Regent and his official advisers, especialiy M. de Schleinitz, the Minister of Foreign ‘Affairs. ‘Ihe Prince, thouga ef late years 80 much under the influence of the liberal party, is still deeply tinctured with the ideas of legitimacy and Divine right In which be was brought up; in bis eyes Louls Napo Jeon is atill the repreren:ative of revolution, in oppusiag whom Austria was fighting for the cause of monarchy in eneral, and was therefore entitled to the support of ber fegitimate colleagues. The haughty arrogance of the Court of Vienna bad contributed a good deal towards neutral. izing this feeling, and be was deepiy offended at their choosing to deciare war at a moment when he had jast addressed to them the most urgent entreaties to refrain from apy aggressive steps; but bis resentment was soon overpowered by the alarm with which he was filed by the expulsion of the Dukes of Tuscany and Modena, and the revolutionary spirit that manifested itself through- out Italy, and he became more than ever convinced that in succoring Austria he was sustaining the mo. narchial principle and assuring the stability of his own throne. On the other hand, M. de Schletnitz, faithful to the traditions of Frederick the Great, bebeld in Austria the natural antagonist of Prussia, and far from desirin, to asaiat her, was anxious to take advantage of the aif- ficult situation in which — placed to seize upon the a Germany w! Pruesia has been striving to atiain for the last century, and which, when nearly in 6: | miniater | tions, leciarations ‘was directed to give in so unpalateable a form. ie the Er hs bitter, th 6 by enemy. The result of all thie is st Prussia. has kept Tear Of 9 war from which sho might have oat much Without the slighteet prospect of gaining anything; but she hag thrown away thirty millions in raisiog = army that migh: just as weil have stopped at home, an: hes exposed hereelf to the vengeancs of Louis Nazoleon, against whem these movements were directed, and who has never been known to forgive au injary; whilo abe has tatled to secure the friendship of Austria, in whore favor they were undertaxen. Neither tho Regent nor his Minister, there! , have sny particular roasoa to congratula.e themesivos upor the succeseof their policy ; but the latter, being the watkeet, will have to go to tae wall lunderstand M. te einitz ig Bot likely to re French tain be | mies of France and Austria in the Italian camgaiga, tho | | diplomatisis, he bates Austria, Hefeuitle of Foreign Afr ebi.s dif fg to select an BiG vacecewor, nO. + mbarrazsed with a superabusdinos of mat sts; in iact, the eaceptioa of Coe: who of course is ont of tiv are not above three peraons jo thy character and antecedents mark them out as eligible for #0 arduous # post. Thee are, Henry Von Araim, Count Pourteles and M. do Biemark Scooonsusca, M A vim was minister for s short time in 1648, like to be 80 gain; he ie ® man of cosa It g00d speaker, and’ cxpericuced in the way: but be iv a great admirer of Louis Napoleon enemy of Austria, and therefore uss not toe ynust of a cbance with te Prince Regent. Coant Pourtstes holds the game pollical opinions az Mf. Je Sznleivitz, ay yroved of all bie meacuies, and is to honorable # maa to tui of tng bm. Remains M. de Bismark Schounausen, many years envoy io the German Diet, aad has Stwelvemontb been ambassador to St. Peters. burgh M. de Bamark frst acquired notoriety a8 one of the mosi arden’ supporters of tue Kreusgcitung faction ia the Sccond Chamber, but stter his eatering the dip!o matic service this connection tually ceased, thoug! he never joiued the courtitutioss party, and be may no be calied & sort of liberal conservative. 8 all Per nd bis poicy would not be of Viewna than wae Unat of Me ce initz; Dis proclivities are decidediy in fuyor of Rus- sia, mom he regurds a8 the natural alty of tols coratry. end if he shovid be rominsted Muiewr of Foreiga ATaire, | bis sppo:ntment will serve to show that the intimacy be tween the two Courts, which, in spite of the tics of kin- dred, had been somewhat relexed sinco the rapproche ment between Russia and France, has rezumei ali Ke former cordialiiy. I must obecrve, however, that the autograph letter of the Emperor sf Russia to the Prince Regent, which is mentioned in gome of the papers as ex- pre ‘g euch amiabie sentiments towaros Prussia and reference to politics; it merety having sept ® deputation to the Ruseian capital te be present at the inauguration of a mopumert crected to the late Ozar Nicuolae, of which small, but very elegant models have been to the several members of the royal family. M. de Bismark arrived here last week frem St. Pete: > ‘but has been confined to bis bed since then by indispo- sition. As toon as he is sufficient q more friewily to the Cabinet decided whetuer the Pony oem I have just alluded to will acta- ace. ‘ou will recollect my stating that the late mobilization the Prussian army had brought to light defects im the military system which called loadly (or reform, as res; the —— of the Landwebr, wi migdt do very well forty Odd years ago, but has now be- come com| Obsolete. Various alverations have been suggested, be & Very comprehensive nature; and it is not certain how far they will be carried out. Tne following points, however, appear likely to be adopted: — In the first place the standard will be reduced to [Ae ae Fegan Ngee is about five feet two ches 4 relative pr se being 'e fourto thirty five. “At present His’ hve feet alg ae and those youpg men who aro under that height are net aside, but have to every year before a muitary commission to sce wi they have grown. [hea such pergons as are affected with some alight ailment or physi- cal defect are likewise » but bave also to annually before the mn. These twociasses, who have bitherto been free from military service, amount at the loweat com to 45 000, and will now be called upon to serve the same as their taller and stouter fellow citizens, it having beea shown long sinze in France, wkere ihe standard is lower than in aoy other Eurogean army, that light, active litJe fellows are quite as serviceable in the field of battle as the sturdiest gra- madier—witness the Zouaves aud Voltigeurs at Sebastopol and Magenta. In the next piace, the term of service in the line, which is fixed at three years, will be extended reserve limited to five, and that in the to the the Laadwebr being doze fame period, the first ban of united with the reserve, and the second band away With altogether. Thus, in future, every P1 will be exempt from wilitary duty after be nas bis thirtieth par neat of ane ene wilbe is forty, as is the case Romnet een aakis of ap troduce the French in favor of those individuals whose avocati it inconvenient for them to officers is mora difficult to tel. This will always be the weakest point in the organization of the Prussian army until they have had an opporta. nity of putting their attainments to the siern test of practical warfare. In formor times it was toe cus- tom to send officers to the Caucasus avd Algeria to serve as yo'upteers, in the Ruzsian or French armies, ugainst the mountaincers of Circassia and tho Atlas; but even this practice bas been Seacontinsed, of late, and with the exception of some old genet who fughtin tae cam- paigns of 1813 to 1815, and those who were it at the mili'ary promenases to Holstein aud Baden, 1848 aut 1€49, there ig hardly sn officer iu the Prussian army wao bas ecev a hot fired in anger during the whole course of his profeesional career. Our Brussels Correspondence. Bavaxes, August 4, 1869. The Commercial Element in Burope—The English and Prench Systems— Prussia and the ZiMverein—Tre History of the Berlin and Milan Decrees—A New Movement Based upon Them—Americr the Bate of Operations— The Cotton Power on the Continent of Burope-—A Special Committee at Cologne, Brussels and Paris—Free Trade with the Fatheriand—Direct Trade with the Southern Slates—Persenal Information, dc., £2, There are two principles at work in the Old World; one is the Ecgliah policy, the otuer the Continental policy. England owes her commercial position and prosperity as much to the heretofore constant disturbance of the Conti- nent as to her own enterprise. The firet note of war ‘scpds the floating cargoes to Liverpoo! or Bristol and the specie to London. Bence it is to be seen why England has always prospered during Continental wars and revolutions. Hence her diplomatic system, and hence also her habit of making a quarrel with France or Spain the foil toany great domestic reform at home. Apy experienced criminal lawyer will tell us—‘Show me the man who had the greatest interest in the perpe- tration of a crime, and I will show you the criminal.” Self interest is the ruling principle of nations as well as of men, and no people have been more isfluenced by this rule than the Englich. Looking to the case of Holland, we find the first manifestation of this principle in & commer- cial direction. Holland at one time headed the Continen- tal system, and on the seas was a rival of Great Britsirg We arc all familiar with the struggie for the dominion of theocean. From the destruction of the Dutch naval power until the American Revolution and the rise of Napoleon 1. England absolutely dominated the ocean, and instigated wars and revolutions and in conquests all to the end of forcing into her da the weaith of the world. The American Revolution and the joss of such splendid colopics was the first check to this boundicss power. A counter policy in the West Indies and Central America was constituted in opposi;ion to the republic of white men, to prevent expsation of American influence in that direction. England cannot afford that the United ‘States should havea tropical ompire richer than indis. Concurrently with this poicy was the assumption of the right of search, jolidwed by a naval war with the United States. All theae measures of Eogland, aitnough under diferent names, bad but one object—to suppress every kind cf commercial developement whit was of the English polly. i bel stv poe be de ha aa and at- em] ‘0 form a ent up he natiered persenal failure, aud died under its chain et England, bis ideas remained, his bis principles ca took deep root in the minds of the people of Holland, Russia, Austria, Switzerland and France. Nepoleon had at heart a great com- mercial combization embraciog Holland, France and Ger- many. The danger of this combination to Eogiaud was avoided in some d by the partition o: Holland into two kingdoms, of which Belgium is now one. any fyrtem of reciprocity between France and Holland wou'd iuevitably have drawn in Germany, and inst such Great Britain would resist to the last Zoliverein, er, grew naturally from the seed sown by tne Bur- Wm decrees in Germany, and this commercial union begins to exercise undoubted influence in Europe. It is" undeniable that the Jewieh element {s enter- ipg every year more and more into tho Gor- man question, apd can only do 80 baci = tue intermedium of money. Next year Holland and Solgiam will begin an agitation to ke brought within the a1. vantages of the Zollverein. Will France join tham?_ Or will she take the Milan decrees as basis for @ bed ? Those who know Lous Na- Prem ten ke peg 4 is possessed of the moss live- ral and enlightened ‘commercia! views. Ho will undoubt- edly develope the ideas ‘and It requires iittle foresight to sce where those ideas lead. He eppreciates the poche et ho iret Emperor" Chat, pobivent remark e comes will undermice an empire ot adamant,” and giver public recognition tothe fact that this is mercial jage. Will France, therefore, mercial unily of Prussia, ‘and tides witb the absolute systems of She cansot, without Von, Gorge to mercial traditions of the empire. Napoleon Bo doubt ke ” with Austria; poleon wants to see on tho Continent of Ru Condition of trace as existe besween the Sates of own Union. “Free trade between tho Seates’ is Me. Buchanan's ides of the true Ameriesa policy. “Free trade between the Staiee of tho Continent of Rorove™’ is Nopoleon’s idea of the yraotiosl rvalizain of the Beri snd Milan decress, this policy, witn & wise and literal system of reciprocity wih Ayurios presser a stato of things wnlok our Hogiish frioase may view with more ar less concern. 2 aysied of provection in France or Germany is disagreeable guough ty Bei rope a