The New York Herald Newspaper, August 10, 1859, Page 2

2 Lozano 0 Po, and from that point the present pid Taman 0 atinuo 00 form the limits Of Auhria, ‘The Emperor of the Freach will make over the territory coded to the King of Sardinia, ‘Venetia will form part of the Italian Confederation, but will nevertheless remain under the Emperor of Austria's OFmmo Grand Duke of Tuscany and the Dake of Motoua | return to their States, they ting @ general amnesty. ‘The two Emperors tein egos lagna vin indispensable reforms into LOS. wana and entire ai ig granted oa both sides to compromised on the occasion of the late events in territories of the belligerent parties. Done at Villafranca, July 11, 1859. | THE CONFERENCE OF ZURICH AND TREATY | OF VILLAPRANCA—FEELING IN VLE! NA TOWARDS THE GREAT NEUTRALS. respondeace of Loadoa Timos.] xt week, ia order th rothrig tele reliminaries sigaed at Veroua. treaty shall be concluded be. tween perors Napoleon and Francis » anc that Sardivia soall ‘make peace with Austria fans of an “additional act.”’ Neither Eagtand, Ru nor Pras. sia is to be re ted at Rarich; but as goon as the treaty Of peace has been ratitiod the fact wil! bs made known to those Powers. Tho ar which have been made by France and Austria will satisfy neither the neutrals nor the Italians, but the two Emperors appear to care as little for the one as they do for the other. ‘The Austrian government affects to be well pleased with the conditions of peace, and probably it really ta ao, as it ig aware that tbo neutral Powers Peco led to the Emperor of the Frevch. A person who must necessarily be well informed on the subject this morning told me that the British go- ‘yerpment not long since proposed to Russia and Praseia to make the cession of Venetia and Lombardy the basis of future negotiations for peace, and he aleo gave me to un- deretand that the two last mentioned Powers had oon. sented to take the proposition into consideration, The proposals at first made by the Emperor Napoleon to the Emperor Francis Joseph were :— 1. That Lombardy and Venice should be separated from Avstria, and placed as an injepondeat kingdom under an Archd' luke. 2. That Modena and Parma should be given to Sar- dinia; and 3. That Tuscany should be ceded to the vachess Regent of Parma. Thege conditions having been rejected, the counter pro- positions made by Austria were accepted by the Empsror Napoleon, Court Recbberg and Baron Hees negotiated with his Majesty, and boil of them wore much struck by the extraordwary juciaity of his miffd and ais talent for busi ness. The preliminaries o! pe the Emperor himeolf at Valez Rechberg went after the interview between the reigns at Villafranca. Baron Hess settled with Napo'eon the conditioas of the armistice, and be was subsequently cent with Count Mensdorit to Valeggio, to. mae the necessary arrange ments for the meeting of the two mouarchs at Vilafranca. | It is reported that $00,000,000 of lire is the sum which | Lombardy is to take as her sharo of the national debt, | and When the news reached the army that peace had bdeea | the . é | te crisis of tts fate, might have come forth revivitied, and conciuded, and Lombardy ceded to France, the in dignation of the olficers was #0 great tua} maoy of | them expressed themselves in terms which were by | no means flattering to any of the parties con cerned. The Austrians maintain that they could affectu- ally have cured the French of their bad habit of modding i in the aifaire of other nations, ‘if the English had ineiste: on the neutrality of the Adriatic,’” and Iam not inclined to think that they overrate their prowess. The Fourth army, consisiing of some 60,°C0 men, was totatly inactive, as it was necossary to keep powerful ger- | rigons in Venice, Trieste, and tho numerous seaports on the Dalmatian coast. The Oesterreichische Zeitung, which is the property of the Minister of Finance, continues to abuse thing English in good set terme, alihougl ima short time be obiiged to apply to British eapitaiists for « loan. A Paris correspondent of the Nord of Brussels eve The divergences remarked in the newa transmitted 2. drat Telative to tbe peace are already beginning to disappear, and give place to communications less and less opposed to each other. It now ap; certain tbat the preliminaries of peace, which are about to be signed at Zurich, and the developements which they will receive ia the next Uoa- grees, will satisfy Italian interests much better than was ‘at first supposed: Venetia is to be completely Italian, Doth by its administration and its army. Italy will be delivered from ali military intervention; the French army at Rome will quit the Papal States immediately after the reorganization of the Italian Peninaula, As to the meat ing at Zurich one fact ts still doabiful. From the nomiaa- tion of & Sardinian plenipotentiary not being yet an- nounced, some persons infer that Sardinia will dot taxe part in that meeting. The three beliigereat Powers c tainly signed the armistice, but the same certainly docs not exist as to the signatures of preliminaries of peace. ‘The official accounta which we now receive from Italy oon- firm al! that our correspondents have said as to the agita- Yon of the country. THE PROPOSED ITALIAN CONFERENCE. The eeceud edition of the London Times of July 26 contains the following letter of its Paris correspondent, giving the outline of Count Walewski’s project for the confederation of the Italian States, of which we have had a telegraphic abstract:— Panis, July 25, 1859. ‘The question of the Italisn Confederation hich a Cou- gress is to meet already occupies the serious attention of the French, and, doubtless, of the Sardinian Cabinets, not ‘withatancing the well known dislike the king has to a confederation in the present condition of Italy, or even in the situation created for it by the treaty of Villafranca. The French government on this point, aswell as on several otbers. by no means agree with his Sardinian Majesty. M. Waleweki, we are told, has set his wits to work, and bas drawn up the draught of a plan of a con. federation, and submitted it unoilicially or conSdeatiatly to the Cabinets interested. In it M. Wale waki evidently takes for granted the restoration of the deposed sovereigns of Modena and Tuscaay, and the establisnment of the Duchess of Parma somewhere. M. Walewski’s con’edera- tioa consists of seven States. By the Villafranca treaty the nominal or honorary presidency was given to the Pope: that high office will be tilled in reality by the Kings of Sardinia and Naples, eech takiug turn about. As such a body cannot exist witout the means of defence, a federa! army will be created for the dofence of the federal territory—the contingen's to be fixed to the extent of the States respectively. ‘The strong places which will be garrisoned by the fede- ral troops are Gaeta, partly Neapolitan, partly federal ‘Mantua, partly Austrian and partly federal; and Piacenza, half federal and the remaining half Piedmontese. Quis cuttediat ipsos custedes? M. Walewski, it is to be hoped, ‘Will disclose the talisman by which he means to keep such discordant elements as Parmesang and Swies; Tuscans and Neapolitans, the soldiers of the Pope, the Sardinians and Crosta, in complete harmony. The Federal Council it is proposed to organize thas:— Parma and Modena to have one vote each; the Pope two; Tuscany two; Austria, for Venetia, two; and Pied- mont and Naples three each.’ Whether more coacord will prevail inthe Federal Coancil than ia the federal garri- 802 is difficult to say; but, supposing the same conditions to subsist, Austria could count on a majority of votes. M. Walewsk: claims no monopoly in the fabrication of confederations, for, according to all accounts, Cardinal An- tonelli has also studied the question in his own way. The French Minister is said to enter more into details than the Cardinal. The latter claims not merely the honorary, but the real and bona fide Pi for his Holiness. He has po objection to a federal army; not 9 much to garri on towns and strong places ag to defend the territory againet foreign and domestic enemies. Who the domes- tic enemies are may be gueesed. This last seems in con tradiction to the principle cf nom intervention said to form one of the conditions of the treaty of Villafranca. Piedmont would not, perbsps, absolutely rej notion of a confederation, but I doubt that she approves either M. Walewski's plan or that of Cardinal Antonel!!, while Austria would probably make no great obje:tion t> ettber. If Piedmont accept & confedraation she would not have Austria forming part of it; and moreover, she desires that a liberal government ‘should prevail lo the Other States a8 well as in Piedmont, for the better cansoli- dation of the independence and lverty of the whole Ttatian people. at the ‘DIPLOMATIC CIRCULAR FROM THE POPE. HE COMPLAINS TO EUROPE OF Vi0roR EMANUEL. ‘The following circular of the Pontiical government has been gent to its representatives at foreign cour: Patace or tux Varcay, July 12, 1959. Amidst all the appreneusions aud anxietics occasioned by the present deplorable war, the Holy See had reatoa to think that it would be unmolested, afler the many as- suranoes it had received —aasurances with which even the King of Piedmont had associated himself—for on the advice of the Emperor of the french, his ally, he refused the dictatoretip which was offered ‘him in the revolted provinces of Pontifical States. But it is painful to state that things bave turned out very differeatly, and facts occur every day under the eyes of the Holy See and ite government which show mors and more how inexzu. eable is the conduct of the Sardinian Cabinet towards the Holy See—conduct which clearly proves that it is intend. 4 to strip the Holy See of a part of ita temporal dom!- Since the rero't of Rologns, which his Holineas allocution of June 30 has already had occasion to deplore, that city has become the rendezvous of a multitude of Peidmontese officers, coming from Tuscany and Modena for the purpose of preparing quarters for the Piedmontese troops. From these foreign States thousands of muskets have been brought, wherewith to arm insurgents aad volunteers; cannons have also been importe’ to aggravate the troubles in the revolted provinces, aad to encourage the audacity of the disturbers of order. Avotber wo soever thr Saenps Of the dictator. sh'p comy jusory, aod adds to a tiagrant violation of sestraby an active Co-operation in the disturbances of ‘States of in his theWhurch, is the nomination of the Marquis zegio a8 an extraordinary commissioner in Romagas ‘0 direct the movement of the legations during the war; this step, under the of preventing the hatioual movement from lead! to any disorder, tsa fest ueurpation of power which effects the righ s of the territorial sovereign of these States. Events have moved on #0 rapidly that the Piedmontese troops bave already entered the Pontifical ‘States, occupy- ig Urbano And Casteifranco, in which places Pied- pat sats Part of Real Nervi's brigade ole object of this mov in the rebels in opposiog ax cacrgctio ros.siance to tbe Pom trooy 10 restore legitimate cere ot engineers, one of been sent to Ferrara to , i the perpetration of which a laws of nations is man'fest in it Of view, cannot but fill the soul of ith bitterness aud provoke in hima {ast iatigvation, which 's rendered more poi yy the surprise with which he sces that such rmities proceed from the government of a Catholic king whe had sccepied the advice of nis ally to NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1859. Holy Father, not ful of the duties incumbent on him for ibe protection 0 ‘States and for the io ths int of She temporal domaim of tho Holy Ses, which (sessentially Conuected with the free aud iadepan- dent exercise of the supreme Poatiticete, protests against the violstioas aud wsurpations committed in spite of the acceptance of aeutrality, and desires that his protest may be communicated to all the European Powors Contdeat in the justice which distlaguished these Powers, he feels | aesured that they will support hima ; tney will aot permit | the success of a manifest violation of the law of nations | aud the rights of the Holy Father. He trusts that taey will not hemtate to co-operate in tha yinaication of thoss rights, and to thatend he «invokes th seistance aod protection, The undersigned Cardinal Secretary of State, soaform. ably to Pontifical custom, sends t! ont note t@ your Excellency, begging youto transm .. to the Court to which you are accredited, a» . takes (hig oat &., G C ANTONELLI. [From the Paris Lebats, Juiy 25.) proclamation was iksued de ls Tour d’Aavergve arrived from the camp with a letter from the Emperor to M. de Grammont, the French Ambassador. A fo coy? had ordered the ambassador previous to the arrival of the autograph lotier to tell the Papal Court to suspend all measures against the King of Sardinia until further nations could be given, In his letier the En- a (if we are rightly informed) charged the amvassa- r to expiain the conduct of the King of Sardicia to the Pope, and to urge upon tte Holy Fatner that be could not in justice be offended with the Kiog, since he had no} accepted the dictatorship. Although riod the King did accept a parely military object in doing #0 was to direct the energies of the fo: ready, collected in Romegna against Austria, the common enemy, and to prevent the conflicts which were likely to happen, Particularly after the events of Perugia. Ths presence of the Bersagiieri and Piedmoatese officers bad, it was affirmed, no oiher object. AN ENGLISH VIBW OF THE MANIFESTO OF THE HOLY FATHER, [from the London Times, July 25.) ‘The Sovereign Pontiff bas appealed to Europe in a diplo. matic note. The manifesto ig not quite in the Hildebrand vein. It no longer thusters and threatens and hurls ex- communications, and awakens sleeping c'aims. But, if iis tone is less haughty, its purport is Dot ‘ess that of the un changiyg and unchangeable policy of the Holy See. Jt clainis all things and ul recades from nothing. It accep!s no responsibility and it renounces no atom of power. Th iz like the cry ofa weak aud wounded dest of prey. It com plains of the interference of stronger Powers with tue gratitication of its instincts; but it bears no remorse for the past and uo promise for the future. Io guch « doce ment we might have expected some broad view of tha Pope's position as head of the Catholic Church, circumstances of the’ moment are such as to invite & serious comment, The honorary preeideacy of the new Italian Coviederation has just been offered to the ac. eeptance of Pio Noo. Deso’ation reigns at Perngia, aud the halt heretical $witzers of the Papal guard are yet red auded from the slaughter OF the or.hodox sudjecis of the great Father of Christendom. Austris and Franca msy pposed to be meditating a retres atmall material sovereignty fora great moral empire, der the guiJance of a bold and enlightened mac pedian, which now for the tenth time appears to be in ‘been wn these modern days. Tare man- 8 that no such dreams as once paased IX. im the dsys of his manhood ever pow recur to Lim in bis obstioate and unpitying old age. He makes no apology for the mageacres comumitted by his troops; he gives oat no hope to his ill ruled people. He satisfics himeeif by a solemn protest against ali interfo- rence with the continuance of his weary and wasting sys tem of tyranoy, aud be invokes the assistance aad protec tion of ail the great European Powers to enavie nim io do what he likes his own. The Pope appears at this moment to be very sick—more rick than the Turk was even when Nicholas thought it time to take out administration to bis effets. He has no | strength whatever in his own body, Weak and tottering, he sometimes leans upon ons strong maa and sometimes upon another. Acstria hes beid bim up in the Legations, France has kept him upright at Rome, the Swiss have spread the terror of his name in the unwarlke towns. To all human fore- sight be stems on the brink of dissolution, ana we should expec: to see the crazy old bark go down ia deep water if we did not remember bow ofien before the same crisis bas appeared at baad. and how woader- waterlogge1 and dismantled bull has cot into portavain. It is wonderful, and at the eame timo pitta. ble, to mark the senile and impotent tenacity with which this old man clings to his right to do wrong at a moment when tbe whole system seema ready to perish. If France and Austria were to retire there would be an end at oace and for ever to the States of the Church. Ualess the Pope receives very different assurances from those which Burope bas received, France and Austria must appear to | him very littl» disposed to be at the expense and odium of supporting a great Europ-an toandal, which can only be upheld by their assistance. Mf there be any reality in tbe project of an Italian confederation, it must mean ,@ confederation of Italian sovereigns, ad. vised “by Ivliaa statesmen, and protected by Italian soldiers. In that cage the accomplishment of the treaty of Villafrance must clear Italy of ali foreiga soldiers, aud Tuust leave Pio Nono face to face with the Italisa nation. ‘Yet it is this moment that the Pope chooses to claim for Dimself ali the rights of @ neutral Power, ani to protest agaist Sardinia in that she has distribated firearms to the insurgents and volunteers, and has introduced cannon into the revolted provinces ‘to encourage the audacity of the dieturbere of order.” If Sardinia nas done aught to ena. bie the citizens of the Roman States to defend themselves egainst the Paps! mercenaries, it mayjaifyrd good reason for the displeasure of the Pope agains: her; but it can be no reason for the document which we publish to-day. So long as the Roman government exists only by per- mission of France and Austria, that government has no right to be comsidered as a soverets State. Too same Powers which protect have s right to dictate; and, if they should choose, for reagons of their own, to dele gxte the exercige of that right to any otber Power, they are quite at liberty todo so. Tnedismaatling of Ferrara, of which the Pope complains, if the best, if not the only, couree open to the inhabitants of tbat city under existing circumstances. There, as at Piacenza, the austrians ex tended the fortifications in defiance of the stipulations of the treaties; they have now retreated, and, the fortid cations being of no use, unless to harbor the mercenarios of the Pope, the inhabitants are wisely destroying them. Why should this have the astonishing effest of ‘dling the soul of the Holy Fatbor with bitterness, and ee ia him a lively and just indignation? Surely, he not now once again pretend to amuse Europe with the foolish fable he and nis mercenaries are able te hold either Ferrara or any other city of the Roman Stetes in the absence of General Goyon and his garrison? It was absurd enough at any moment to ima- gine that ina war which was avowedly undertaken to change the destiny of Italy the Roman States could re- main neuter; but it is still more ridiculous to talk of neu. trality while the whole country is more or less occupied by foreign troops. ‘We can quite appreciate the difficulty of France and Aus ‘ria in this matter. No persou is more unreasonable to eal with than a man who is ready to stand still and bea martyr, but who makes it a poiat of conscience to coatinue vent that cloud of ecclosiastizal locusts from devouring to martyrize others. Pio Nono cannot in his conscience pre- the Roman people, and he cannot withiraw his counte nance from the kilnapping of Jews and tho sack aud pillage of Italian cities; but Pio Nono is quite content to die upon the steps of the Vatican if either Napoleon III or Francis Joseph sbould wish to put him todeath. Taey may break him, but they shall not bend bim. They may “demand from the Pope iadispensabie reforms in his States,’’ but he will refuse to do anything except to subd. mit to death or exile—edifying the Catholic world with the exibition of a Pope persecuted by the two eldest tons of the Church. Now, of course, this is precisely what no one wiahee to do. No one ous of Rome has any desire to ‘pjure a hair of the head of this obstinate old man. Bat 80 long as the French remain to protect him he will by his ecclesiastics and hig bravos drain the country and destroy the people: and, if the Freachzo away, the people, exas- peraied beyond all moderation, will yeaa expel him. This is the dilemma. Perhaps the solution may be found in the formation of confederate Italian army, whica msy be stroog enough to be guided by moderate coan- sels, and may be trusied to repress any violeat reaction when the foreign troops are withdrawn. But, however thi may be, the present position of France in Rome is too bumiliating to be long endured by a high spirited and civilizea nation, whose sympathies, when properly touched, eel¢om fail to be excited by unmerited opprei- sion, The Emperor must be anxious to find some way out of thig most aggravating difliculty; and every lay Frenchman would in his beart be glad to see the Roman garrigon in Paris, and al! Roman questions left to be settled between the Pope and his people. How it may end no tac can foresee, but, in every event, we have great eaves to congatulate ourselves that we Englishmen nave uo act or part in this matter, POPULAR FEELING IN y WITH RESPECT TO THE W ARRAN RDINIA ABA HER AN I ACTS IN THE ONS AND DUCHIF: mia (July 22) Correspoadent of Londoa Times. the world to what extent right can avail would be impossible for me or any man in the world to convey by mere words ax idea, even the faintest, of the excitement of the Hatian population taroughout the country. Even here. at Milan, where the people’s destinies seem happily eecured, there is for persons of both sexes, of a! ages and conditions, no other subjec! of talk than politics. Milan already boaste its half dozen penny prpers, and about noon the pout brings it the half dozen Turan penny papers. It jg impossible to deny that these people, In spite of the deap ignorance of ail things to which Austria doomed them for 80 long a period, ehow not a iittle acutenese and digcrim!- nation in their diecusgion of political matters. They are loud and eomewhat viotent, free spoken to an facrodizie degree, but they give evidence of sterling good sense and cf genbine good feeling. Toe peace is made, they os fess 2ome of its conditions are clearly not to be averted.” Venice is sacrificed, and the fatal quadrangle renders Austria stronger in Italy than fhe ever was; but the restoration of the Sovereigns of Cen ral Italy ig a fact more easily projected than carried into execution, and it is of the greatest importance that ben? Age Ttalian should do in bis power to prevent ‘ma and Modena, of the Legations : g and organizing a diplomatic no jess than a military defence. In the Dachies municipal assemblies reaitest the vote by which their territories — anuexed to Sardinia, and european Powers intimating that the lar will is mot to be disregarded wu impunity, ta Tuseaay an appeal is made to the public suffrage. In tho Legations a govercment is installed, the very first act of which is a declaration of war ‘against the Papal | othgg w= Are thoge States to settle their own matters from foreign intervention? Is the threatened restoration of their respective Sovereigus to be loft to such forces as those sovereigns Precincts of the refure the dictatorship offered to pin. All the measures taken with the view of preveating or attenuating this series of ey(i# haviog bera in yain, the | vinces, The Tescan division, 10, men strong, with a reserve of severai thousands, is travelling homeward, and will toon {eke its place on the frontiers. The whole popula- Tas | Petty communities of Central Ttaly will soon show | against might. It | ad deputations to all the | tlon, besides, is mustering tn the battalions of the Na- After this, you will understand Tthat we cannot desire, tical Guard, whieb is everywhere ‘and actively | om our part, to contribute to an ble retura to: mobilized. Private citizens and bodies cheer. | bygone state of things, which has ted to such mola rcholy fuby eupply the means for its vast armament, and, were | resulis; bit that we will Grrr: gee Ape - it needed, men and money would be freely givea by | tion tending to the reconciliation of the of the Piedmont, Lombardy am@ "s. ‘The dethroned So-| house of auitria with a work of reorganization, foanded vereigns bave, indeed, e partisans; but these | on liber’.' ;rinciples and the compromise of int rests, new eens 7 p— Eat may seem to us just towards the Italian ces power, when they | nation. epoeed of their own and ‘the Austrian forces. Now We be ve we are justified, besides, in taking uotivo they are utterly cowed and prostrate; are oaly | of the wien! larations of the Emperor Napo | apxious to escape the public gaze. Many of accom: anlef resolution to aim neither at conque't nor | modate themselves to the new order of things, and cry im vesee of territory, in whatever f. rm, for F-1ice | egainst their rulers all the louder as their zoal is more which was announced, and piaialy, a; tue likely to be suspected. by later declarations, seems to uF In the Tuscan army, it is true, there are elements of | to be a valvable pledge for the fulfilment of our hope of a mounicipalism the officers, but even those who wish pos and as cart Ge ean ee it {or an indepeodas tuscany dare est opeaty proasunce for | fa to bo boped hy eoon will be. possible. te formulate, bY g the recal of the Grand Dake, ‘The Hapeburg Loerane nasty has discouraged ite staunchest supporters oreng adberence to Austria on end after threatened bombardment of Florence, ance at the head of a Croatian the yeung beir of Tuscany as ‘impossib! jured father. How is, then, the restoration of the exiled paversiaay be effected? A few woras in the Ne praahcag ley "a E Z Le like dumb cattle, to be made over to Princes whose divine has been 80 hg? abured. On the other hand, it is difficult to guess to what extent Nepolecn I!l_ has bound bimeelf It fractions of a nation, are not, right to Austria and Rome, his immediate object is to wage war aga'nst, or at least to humble Prussia and the Protestant element in Germamy, there it no doutk but ail that opposes the Papal Power and all constituted authority in Italy must be sac’ificed. If France and Austria bave cordially joined hands, ths anti- Austrisn element in Italy, mot excepting even Piedmont, must submit. Piedmont itself be saved by compromise; but all that is called or miscalled “revolution” must needs be crushed, even if France and Austria wereto share the work between ibem, os thoy did in 1849. Sueh are the tuoughts by which men’s minds are distracted in this coantry. Secret pews reached me to that the Picdmonteso government is on the point of recalling its Governors, | Commissonaries Extraordinary, and all civil and milftary euthoritier, from Central Italy. It is not clearly stated whether these measures apply merely to the Legations and Toscapy, over which Sardinia constantly refused to exercise soverign jurisdiction, or whether they also con: | cern the duchies of Parma and Modena, which bad | been formally and “irrevokably”’ annexed to Piedmont, and where ail the admicistrative and financial aystem of the Sarcipixa monarcby had been instalied I um of pinion, hover, that Sardinia altogether withdraws from winy as’ Prarice, Austria and their own despair may work t for them, THE ITALIAN DUCHIES. The Sardinian papers, and especially the Pisdinontese Gazrtte itself, continue to give accounts of the movement of pubhe opinion in the Duchies. At Modeta the royal Governor, M. Farini, bas been the object of an ovation; the municipalities of the country are voting funda for the raising of troops, and the peopig raise subecriptions, An addreas to the King has been voted at Reggio, in which the following words occur:—Sire, you Wili hot permit your representatives to abauden us. Wo are yours, you must protect w The province of Goastalia declares in a protest that should it be attempted to replace it under a detested gov- ermeat, i} woud repalse the latter “with the arms of despair.” ‘The municipality of Parma has voled an address, in which it saye:—Sire—We are with you, and (or you: we shall be ever so, with the same resolution and the ame confidence. The Monitore Torcano of the 18th ult. announces officially that the government coptinues to receive satisfactory as- surances from King Victor Emanuel, and that the Ea. of the French ia well disposed towards Tuscany. jn another article it announces that the government, in- stead of taking steps for disarming after the conclusion of peace, has,on the contrary, resolved to complete the military orgapization of the country, and accordingly still continues to enrol volunteers. game paper publishes decrees issued at Bologna on the 16th ult. by Marquis d’Azegiio, appointing Marquis Pepoli to the Department of Finance in the Legat‘ons, Pro- fessor Montanari to the Home Department, Advocate Borsari to that of Grace and Justice, Count Gamba to Public Works, Count Albiani to Pablic Instruction, and M. Fallcon to the Department of War. Ober gentlemen are appointed to the Intendances of Ferrara, Ravenna and Forli. By another decree it is evacted that an electoral law shall immediately be framed for the election of mani- cipalities and deputies. Meanwhile a provisional Couacil of State is uppointed. THE POPE, THE CATHOLIC POWERS AND THE INFI DELS. ‘Ths bas addressed an autograph letter to the Car- dinal Bisbop of Albano, requesting him to invite all the faithful of Rome to joi in a solemn thankegiving fdr the ion of war. The following is the principal passage of this docu. ment:— ‘To thank God for the restoration of peace between the two great Catholic belligerent Powers is our duty; but to con- tinue our prayers is a necessity, inasmuch as divers pro- vinces of the States of the Church are still a prey to the men who are intent upon demolishing the blished or. der of things, and it is with this view that in our days a forcign usurping Power proclaims that God hath mad: man Free as th his religious opinions, thus ‘denying the authorities established by Goa upon earta, ‘and to whom obedience and respect are due, forgeiting at the same time the immortality of the soul, which, when it pagecth from this transitory world to the eternal one shail bave to answer unto the all powerful aad inexorable judge for thore religious opinions; then, learning too late that there is but one God and one faith, and that whoever quit- teth the ark of unity shall be submerged in the deluge of eternal punishment. INTERESTING FROM GERMANY. THE PRUSSIAN MANIFESTO IN DEGENCE OF HE8 WAR POLICY. The following despatch (a synopsis of which has ap peared in the Hxaarp, was addreseed by the Prussian government to its representatives at the Courts of London and St, Petersburg:— Bent, June 24, 1859 The rapidity with which, for some time, military and Political events have followed one another in Italy, the downfall of the governments of Tuscany, Parms, and Mo- dena, the risings which have taken place in other parts of the peninsula, finally, the uncertainty which prevails in ati minds about the probable duration and extension of the struggle in which two powerful empires are vow en- gaged, have induced the government of the Kinz, from motives of precaution aud respect to its own dignity, to mobilize part of the Prussian army. The excitement which baa seized upon Germany. the approach, daily becoming closer, of the belligerents, to the German frontier, and the possibie turns (die Weoh selfalle) of a war, whose breaking out we inthe most honest and disinterested way attempted to prevent by our advice, would in themselves bave been guilicient to Justify measures of military precaution on our part, which, after all, but correspond to similar ones on the part of all our neighbors. On the other band, you will conceive that we had to Place ourselves in s position to watch the march of events, end to aiter the balance of power empire with which we are connected by the Ger! ¥ i tie, and by damaging (Beetntrachtigung) the foundations of a public law to whose establishment we hsve contributed, and whose preservaticn is in the interest of the whole family of States mm Europe. The position which we have thought ft to take up is in no Way prejudicial to the Italian question and the various interests therein involved. But the Prince Regent, con- scious of his rights, and of the duties imposed upon’ him by the interest of his ows dignity, and by that i country and of Germany in general, certainly cannot be expected to refrain frota exercieing such inflggnce as be basa jutt claim to, nor to approve from jateat, by standing inactively by, of whatever changes bave taken , in the territorial divisioce of a country connected by such Bumcrous ties with the remain der of the European fainily of nations. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to accribe to the King’s | Government a wish to add to the dangers of the situation, already great enough in themselves, by {il timed and ar- bitrary interference, and to atternpt to put forth (in den Vordengrund zu tellen) outt dedly, sud without previous sppeal to other Powers, auy solation of a question inyolr- fog too numerous interesi#, not to be, for the sake of the general we'fare, ‘a lagitimate obj f common solicitude of al! the Great Powers. that, Prussia can pursue no other aim, in using ber influ ence and tendering her aivice, then that which ehe par- ued a short time since, acting in harmony with Eogland and Ruesia; nor can sho entertain any other wish bat io bring back to the stsge of negotiation, for the sake of effecting a solution, just in overy direction, and inclading guarantees of permanence, a question which only mis- takes, much to be regretted, have alienated from & basis that Europe may and ought io look to as soon as the great principles of its political and gocial order are at stake. | Our military preparations, I repeat, have no other | object. They are indicative of no new policy on our part, | and aesured!y not of a desire to add new complications to | { | i in Europe by wea! those we once hoped to bs able to prevent, and whose do bt we ince havo uninterruptediy watched with forrow and affliction. hat we want is simply peace, and starting from this we addrees ourselves with unreserved confidence to the Cabinets of London and St. Petersburg, in order to try to dovise in co-operation with them, moans | t© put @ etop to the carnage, and early to restore to | Europe the tranquility and security which its moral aad | material intereets 0 loudly demand, |. Jt i @ matter of notoriety how deép!y we have lamonted | the nefarious (umheilvolten) resolve, and how cnergeti- | cally we have disapproved of it—that resotve by which the | Cabinet of Vienna, at the very moment when the other | Powers were engaged in laying down the foundations | | cf an equitable solution, produced that rupture which we had hoped to by common action, Bat in spite of this fauit we are, nevertheless, of opinton that Eorope, and Germany in’ particular, cannot look with ference on the reduction of a Power, which, by virtue | of ts geographical position and the peculiarities of its composition, bas alwaye been regarded az an essential ele | Mentanda natural guarantee of the general balance of wer. Still clinging to this view, it is nevertheless far | from our mind to moderate the dificulties which are in | the way of a simple resioration of a state of things that has pot merely led to a war, but toa series of insarrec- tions, which Lave seized by degrees upon Northern and Central Italy; and we believe that sincere and acurching, reforms are afar more effective and far juster moans 0} preserving order and tranquillity im those States than there measures of despotism and that display of military force ever could be, which are ae troublesome to Austria hereelf aa they are out of proportion to the resources of her Italian provinces. We are besides of opinion that the treaties through which Austria exercises a kind of a pro- tectorate over some of her neighbors, had best be replacad by & combination lose hateful to the feelings of the people, and tbat order and law, without which welfare and Ere ree are impossible, can receive better guarantees than howe whore ingiicacy has just beca witmessed by Europe. sufferings caused by the frontiors of Germany, at hour may impose more duties upou us, and to Ourrelves with the utmost confidence and frank nees to those Powers which, having remained like us strangers to this vnbappy war, like us have the duty of intertering at the right time to prevent a general con!ls. We entertain the hope that you will be able, without at difficulty, to prevail upon the Cabinet of Loadon Petersburg) to commun! to us with the same we bave thought it our duty to adop’ views on the best solution of the pressat comp‘ications, and on the means of making it palateable to both bellige- rept tea. At the same time have the goodness to in- form Jobn Ruszell (Prince Gortachakof) of our hope and our desire toybring our action and our ipflueace into harmony with those of the English (Russian) Cabinet, and to accelerate thug the conclusion of ascend reeumption of negotiations bet ween the bi t part Let wo opportunity pane without Trinring fan tise of a joint mediation in the foreground. We are waiting, with the most lively interest, for the communicatons on the form and extent of such joint mediation, which, as we fain hope, the government of the Queen of hyo (3 peror Alexander) will favor us with. SCHLEINITZ, FEELING TOWARDS PRUSSIA IN OTHER GERMAN STATES—THE MEETING OF BAVARIAN RADICALS AND LIBERALS. {Manich (July 22) correspondence of the London Times.) In leaving Rrankfort one feeis more bewilderivgly the chace tnto which public opiaion has fatien in all parts of Germany. Ia Wurtemberg, and especially in the capital, Stuttgardt, the exasperation against Prussia is excreme— far greater than I bad been led to anticipate. gentleman residing in Stuttgardt thst ao officer wearing the Pruseian uniform would now hardly from ingult at # table d’hote there, snd this has been cou firmed by other porsens well acquainted with the tone of the higher society. To the middie ciaates the fecting is not noarly so decided, In Munich, though I have ouly been bere for three days, Thave bad most favorable opportunities of learaing the [emit direction of public opinion. It is vicleatly anti- Prussia, and what little a they have to spare is freely bestowed upon England. Ths majority did not de- sire war out of love for Austria, for even those who are mest inclined to support Austria would on no account see her principles of government extended to Bavaria. Even their hatred of Napoleon Itl— and it ig intense beyond anything which the lukewarmuess of party feeling in England allows us to feeli—even this ia not the ciue to the violent agitation which pervades all classes. The strongest feeling is that of wounded pride, They have sat still while a German ‘my was beaten, while a German State lost a part of its territory, and they feel that they are now less than ever members of a great Power. On two berg. alone all are agrecd—the greatness of the danger, and the one remedy which can be opposed to it—union. But it would be diffi. cult to find two men who think exactly alike as to the means by which this can be attained, while many regard it ag hopelees, excepting as the result of war or rovolu- tion. ere is a party which hopes to see the ancient rivalry of Austria aud Prussia forgotten, internal reforms on @ liberal scale introduced into Austria, and some con- cessions made to Prussia. On these terms they think that the two great Powers can work cordially together, and infuse life into the Confederation, This is not, however, as far as I can learn, the view of the majority’ among the more enlightened party. From for ecaaaes Austria they can look for nothing, at least Even the introduction of a more liberal system woul render her still lees German she is, for it would and ought to introduce into her government a larger propor- tion of the nou German elements which compose the ma- jority of her subjects. Norcanit be denied that to all past times she has steadily kept in sight the interests of ‘the house of ides rather than those of Germany. The supporters of tieee views would prefer to see a strict union between Prussia and Bavaria, and this they think possi dle with advantage to both parties, as well as to Ger- Mmavy itgeif, while the latest events prove how little it can be boped for with Austria. The Emperor Francis Joseph has declared in his latest proclamation tbat his najural allies had proposed to him far harder terms than the victorious Emperor of the French. A blue book is now being printed in Berlin which containg the correspondence on this subject. Prus- sia communicated to Ei and Russia a project of me- @iation, adding that, even without the asient of those Pow. ers, she was prepared to enforce it with the sword, Tho terms she offered were as follows:. The renunciation of the private treaties; the erection of Milan into an independent State, to be governsd by the Arcbduke Maximilian; Venice to continue under Auatrian rule, and the banished Dukes to be reatored. Austria can bardly eay that these were harder terms than she has had to submit to, Why, then, did she reject them, and con- clude peace so precipitately? Russia had sigaifled her readinees to enter @ European Congress oa the basis Proposed. Engiano, as far aa I can learn, had not yot given an answer, Prussia bad offered the alternative of war. Austria preferred an ignominious peace to the ritk of secing Prugsia at the bead of the armies of Ger- many. In a war of one or two years’ duration she must have attained an influence over all the lesser States which would have completely —— the supremacy which Austria has so perseveringly sought to main- tain. The sacrifice of Lombardy seemed as nothing compared with the loss she was threatened with. It is therefore, almost demonstrated that a cordial co-ope tion of Prussia and Austria ts net to ba looked for at pre- tent. If, on the other hand, Bavaria and Pruesia hada por- fect understanding, they could command a majority inthe Diet, and thus force Austria to join them, on pain of being left in the minority. It is true that neither Austria nor Pruesia cares much for the resovutions of the Diet; they are effective only in the smaller States, where they are dexterously used by the sovereigns to carry through measures of internal police which their own Legisia- live Chambers would refuge toasuction. But ag the wuole power of Austria in Germany depends upon prestige, she ig too wise to appear in a certain minority. Doubtless there are difficulties in the way of an entente cordiale be- tween Bavaria and Pruesia. Prussia is the object of universal jeslousy; she is thought to be Prussian rather than German; Bavaria prides her- self on being the representative of the pure Teutonic race. Again, 10 too true that the present King is catirely in the hands of the Uitramontane party, men who will use every eflort to frustrate measures waich would necos: rily lead to a far more general toleration than they are inclined for. But the King can hardiy have forgotten the lessons of history—how perseveringly Austria has on several occasions songhi to absorb Bava: sud as a statesman he must feel that, if the occasion of- fered, it would require more than Austrian or Ultramon- tane Virtue to withstand go great a temptation. Although it may be suspected that the influence of Ruszla was even more active that of Eogiand in retarding the move- ment of Prussia, it ig but natural that Eagiand should come iu for a share of the biame which is univertally cast upon tbe chief delinquent. Ihave been astonished to fad ia Germany that same jealousy and mistrust of Kogland which we are accustomed to in France. That the two bly exploded one—that England seks allics only to use them for her own ends, without any regard to their inte They fancy that Manchester and Birmingham are 8 of their mavafactures, as if there were not markets open for more than all Engiand and all Germany, with France and Switzerland to boot, can produce. In the inner States, like Bavaria, where the Danube is the great natural highway, they complain that we bave done nothing to insure the freedom of naviga tion; that the Jittle that has been put upon paper in their favor—it has led to no practical results—was due to the initiative of France. Tho foreign polisy of England is little understood on the continent, and we must be prepared for these reproaches, Dut I carrot doubt that, if the necessity of x common ac- tion should arieo, we shall find Soutn Germany as ready to take up arms for the geod cause of European freedom as the Northern States, but it may be feared that their present coubts and jealousies will prevent their taking those steps which might render them able to help either themselves or others. Ia a former letter I montioned a meeting of the most liberal section of politicians which was to be held at Eigenach. It has paseed the followidg resolutions, which prove how close ia tue agreement between what may be called the radical party, and the conservative lib- a a oro I Wee SE ei e resolutions have ali cy in the Heaaxp. the Chambers here a committee has been spouted to prepare an answer to the King’s gpeecb, which will come on for aisoussion on Monday or Tuesday. It is ex- pected to be interesting, as some of the members, perhaps a majority, have a strong wish to speak trutbs (they are sorry if they are unpleasant ones) to Praseia. I forgot to mention in my last that neither the Prussian nor French Minister was present at the opening of the Chambers. This was remarked, as it seemed to indicate that both an- Ucipated eomethiog disagreeable in the speech that they were unwilling to meet. A letter from Berlin, of the 20th of July, in the Vow Gazete of Hanover, eays:—Overtures hare been made to ur Cabinet on the subject of a Congress by France and Russia. The Freneh government makes known that it comsente to a Congress being convoked, though Austria objecta to one. The Russian government insists on the ne- cessity of te co-operation of all the European Powzrs in modifying European treaties, and at the same time indi- cates & disposition to place the additional terrilory obiain- cd by Sardinia under the general guarantee of Purop: The Prussian government bag not yet taken any decision on the question, aud it is probable that before doing go it awaits communications from Eagland The Commercial Gazette, of Berlin, says:—Oa Lord Lo'tur, a few days back at Vienna, asking of Count Rech- berg for the text of the Convention of Villafranca, ho in his turn was interrogated, ‘Have you been instructed to ask that question?” Lord Loftus anewered in the ailirmativo, when Count Rechberg declared that he was not authorized to make the eammunication to him which be desired. Lord Lofvag baving afterwards asked whether it had been ar- ranged to refuse to the Great Powers who hat remained ww- tral during the war any official communication of the unier- sanding which had been come to, until afler the exchange of ratifications, Count Rechberg replied that nothing had been decided on, but Oat he, as minsster, thought that the contract- ng sovercigms wool come to an w' together be- ore making any communication to a third Power. Another Berlin letter of the 20th of July states:— The Prussian Gazer, the somi official journal, has at Inet spoken. Its arguments ere chiefly directed against the manifesto of toe Emperor of Austrm, which asserts thas the Prussian mediation would bave imposed greater why then should Prussia have acce; asa war of is still rected against Austr! cannot forgive her for exhaveting all ber strength inthe late struggle. ence of Prussia, thies alluded to in this passage here; and what passed Austria in 1850 and 1851, the only conclusion is that these sympathies, even with the court, are of very recent date. But when the Prussian Gazctte adds that the attitude of the government has been universally approved of by the pation, that journal evinces the most complete ignoranco of the real etate of public opinion. THE NEW AUSTRIAN MINISTER TO PARIS. (July 24) correspondence of London Star.) Riohard Metternich, tho son of the old Prince, is coming as Ambassador from Austria to replace Baron Hubner. ‘The disappointed Austrians, bitter in their appreciation of ali that takes place just now, declare thia nomination a malicious reference to the date-lov! Spex, whose soul delights in imitation of the past. clories of Aus- terlitz, the hurried peace of Presbourg of 1806,-form the Soiferino and Villafranca of 1859, and must, therefore, bs succeeded by the embazsy of Prince Metternich as were ‘those pimilar events, ‘ince Richard is the son of the beautiful Countess do Leikhem, the second wile of the late Prince, whose beauty was celebrated all over Europe, and had even penetrated into Persia. This lady lived bus two years after hor mar- riege, leaving the present Prince Richard as heir to the oame. Prince Richard iz @ fine, bandgome man, of about five and tbirty—a true representative of Austrian haughti nese. His diplomatic taleats have not as yet been tried, but they eay bis character savors more strongly of the prudence Poor Richard than the daring of Richard Covur de Lion, NAPOLEON'S INFLUENCE IN ITALY. {Paris (July 24) correspondence of London Siar.) As to Kossuth, Klapka, Teleki and their band of fire. eating iusurrectionists, they came to Genoa like shadows, aud have to departed. They did not know what to do with the po ia legion assembled at Aqui; 80 M. Pietri, the old Prefect of Police, was dospatched by the Emperor op a migsion of enlightenment to Turia io tell them immediately what todo, viz: To disband the legion ingtantly; end it was disbanded, and ingtantly. A threat which causes t emotion at Turin is that made by Cavour to explain to the Chambers the motivo of his resignation, and to reveal all that has taken place tween himself and the Emperor during the last year. Paris, however, the throst has caused no emot ever; we know very well that the Corporal will cot dare to disobey the orders already issued pis the General—to keep peace bimself and suffer no other man to speak eit KOSSUTH ABOUT TO RETU! A FULL EXPLANATION ON ITA) TO ENGLAND: N AFFAIRS PRO- MISED. The following communication appears in the North British Mail (Glasgow journal) :— I have this morning (July 7) received very Inte and haben cnn 9 intelligence from M. Kossuth. Particulars I ‘am uot at liberty to communicate; however, for the satis- faction of his numerous friends, I muy state that, after his betrayal, he remained only long enough to save as inany of his revolted countrymen from harm as be could, and to prevent any further present hopeless insurrection. He then retired into Switzerland, where he was joined by Madame th three days @go; and it is uncertain whether be may not be obliged to remain for come weeks before be returns to England. From a knowledge of circumstances and his character, we may expect soon an explanation of the real cauzes which led to the defeat of his mis |faith in Bonapar! JOHN MADDAM. THE AUSTRIAN PRISONERS AT ALGI@RS. The following address waa delivered by General Yusuf ys oo Auetrian prisoners the day after their arr at Algiers:-— Soldiere—The fortune of war has sent you among us. Be welcome! It is not an cnemy that receives you, We know bow brave you are, and it is ag brothers in arms that we welcome you. We will do our utmost to alley. ate your absence from your country, and we will treat you ag we do ourselves. Toe soldiers who are arouad you are not your guard. They are there to keep the im. portunate away from you, avd to aid you whenever you heed it; Tor you are freo to COMe and ju, aud to preserve you from the ennut of inactivity, if any among you desire it, they will find work for which they will be amply paid. Such is the will of the Emperor and the feeling which in. «pires every French soldier. GENERAL GARIBALDI’S POSITION IN ITALY. JOURNEY OF A NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENT TO HIS CAMP—STATIONS OF TBE CHASSEURS OF THE ALPS—THBIR FORTIFICATIONS NEAR THE STELYIO— ALL NATIONALITIES REPRESENTED—THE INDEPEN- DENT RIFLEMAN OF ENGLAND—A FRENCH WAR AMATEUR LOST IN THE CONFUSION—POPULARITY AND INFLUENCE OF GARIBALDI—INTROPUCTION IN HI8 BEDCHAMBBR—HIS APPEARANCB—CHANCES OF REVOLUTION IN CENTRAL ITALY. (Milan (July 21) correspondence of London Times.) I am not greatly inclined to hero worship, and never went two steps out of my way to sce the face of any man living, but I have just now travelled 150 miles to press the band of Garibaldi. Theard he was at Tirano or Bormio, in the Valtelline, and left Milan on Saturday last by the evening train to Camerlata and Como. I embarked in the steamboat ply- ing across the lake on Sunday morning; and rode from Colico along the broad valicy of the Adda as far as Sondrio, At Sondrio I was told that Garfbaldi’s headquarters were acroes the mountains, at Lovere, in Val Canonica, on the Lake of Iseo; as for the Generai himself, he was Gescribed az ioo restless a being ever to remain ata- tionary in any place. I there pursued my journey up the Valtelline,as far as Tramezya. From the latter place I walked by moonlight over the Aprica Pass toFioio; from Piola I again rode to Lovere, where I found the General wos illin bed. I saw him. At every step during this romantic journey I fel! in with the Chatseurs of the Aips, and botn Garibaldi’s f lowers and the whole population bad no theme of conversation save only the adyenturors hero I was in quest of. At Como I found the depots of the corps, a body of 2,000 to 3,000 men, which, in spite of the armistice and peace, received every day new recruita, At Sondrio, and all along the lower valley, the Cacciatori degli Apennini, now united to their fellow chasseurs of the Alps, were echelonnes. At Tramezza we were only a fow hours from the Stelvio Pats, where the last sbots in this war have been ex changed between the Tyrolese Jagers and the Italian ehorpehooters. The road across the Aprica Pass, from the valley of the Adda to the valieg of the Oglio, still bore traces of recent confli Barricades were thrown athwart the road on the highest slopes, calculated to break the impetuoeity of the assailants a: the only point waere a r could be made, At Edolo, ina deep gorge, jammed in by gigantic green mountaing, we were at the foot of the Tonale Pass, and there also the dread rifles of the Tyrolese highlanders were levelied against the bad muskets with whicb Gari- baldi’s men have hitherto carried on the unequal conflict, making up for the inferiority of their weapons by un’ daunted courage and the la facrifice of their lives. All along the road, at the diferent minor headquarters, I conversed with Garibaldi’s men and . Tt is not rare to find in this singular corps the common soldier a better informed and educated man than his epantetted commander, The charm thrown by the hero of Montevi- ceo over the whole Italian population bas enlisted young men of the highest clasnes, artista, literary men, profes: sors and echolars, in ranks as mere privates. Even the veteran Montanell, once a ruler in Tuscany, and for many years an illnatrns oxile in Paris, the aathor of Camma, and other historical and literary’ works, quitted bis wife in Turin, and followed his only son, who bad em- barked as & common soldier in this perilons venture. Among a hundred Italiane you find, perhaps, five or six adventurers of all other countrice, French, Swies, Gar. mans, Sppniards, Americans, of both continents, and even a Chinese and an Englishman. The latter I found at Turin, at the table d’hote de Ia Grande Bretsgne, where he sonounced to me his inten- jon to have some sport with the Alpine chasseura, and asked for direction as to Garibaldi’s whereabor He is man of near sixty, of a tall and colossal frame, im- perfectly acquainted’ with the language, aad ignoraat of moet Italiana matters, He professes, | am told, the ut- mont indifference to the cause ha serves. Between him and bia fellow combatants there is hardly any inter- course, Garibaldi allowea him to rolow, ae — makes war at his own expense, and encamps s ibe corps. He receives no orders, asks for no information as to the General's movements. He is indefatigable in the march—intrepid in the fight. Garibaldi num ers 59, or perhaps 100, of the best marksmen in Europe, but the Engliebman is the deadliest shot. In the latest en- counter on the Stelvio the Tyrolesc never suc- ceeded in winging a single Garfbaidino, white five of their numbers dropped mortally woualed from the ramparts, from which they scarcely ventured to peep; two of the number fell under the unerring aim of the Englishman. He'is never wanting @ hoar of strife; he.takes his place in some hidden nook, all alone, aloof from the rest, equatted on the ground, calm and impar sionate, taking leisurely aim, ike a_sportsman awaiting the lion or wild boar at the brook. He haza double bar- rolied rifle, a sabre, but no bayonet, aud takes no part in the melée when the Garibaldini come to close quarters. Some people told him be must be strongly devoted to the Italian canse to come out in arme in its support at his time of life. He answered, with a yawn, he was very fond of shooting, and must take part either on one side or the cther. ‘There was an eccentric Frenchman, algo an man, who joined Garibaldi at Cuneo at the outset; bat he had ‘ancy be could go to war in his gig; but somohow his broke down on the first brush with the Austrians at Ona- sale, and the French amateur was never again hoard of. Most of Garibaldi’s officers, especially the staf and (hore who are uearest bis person, wre gid, weil-tried ——___—__—_—~. have borne arms with him ta South Americ least fought by bis side Lombardy Bome in 1348.'9. captains, chivily Goa te foriuaes. By land, q Twas for some time in doa exraordinary man's eWay wi what ent wilt work when raised to its highest pitch by a nobie cause and borne up by unlimited confidence ia the leader, ‘Tne leader was il! in bed, as I said, sg him at Lovere, about noon on Monday lest. GarfBalat is| batt an armie-| never ill on Ne day, and nevor well durin, tice or a peace. He suffers from rheumatic fever, T am shake off by incessant exertion, told, which be can I bad e long talk with tl chamber, and was kept waiting for about half an hour, as| “there was a lady in the cate.” But, upon baviog my] pame and errand conveyed to the general, I was aduitted| into his sleeping apartment. The ‘geaeral Jay in his shirt) sleeves on a large bed, the Indy—rather a good lool young person—pitting "in a chair at the’ foo of the bed. She was, I beliove, suitor for the reicage of some one o the young A!p'ne huatsmon, ber relative, who eiter bh: got tired of the game or was particularly wanted py h friends at home. Garibaldi was born in 1807, and is therefore §2 yor old, He has a brigb’, cheerful loox, the color of bi and heir betoken 4 tanguine temperament. There is one of the busts, lithographs, photograpus, &o , w'cl sold by thousacds throughout Italy and Karope a Gari. baldi’s portraits, thst give the alighoat idea of the ex. pression of that noble countenance. There is not the least approach to fercevess or wildnoss aboat tbe hero's countenance. He looks intelligent, earnest, benevolent, and affablo in the extreme. He somewhat pariow about the temples—rouad headed, square vizaged. He has s fine bead, bu! not very mas: sive; a large, but by no means & broad face. Ki his beard is abeurdiy exaggerated by the mon w have worked at bis likeness, or else he has lately deen trimming it in the’ excessive heat TT hair is brown red, and bas beea rich and glossy] The oye struck me as light gray, but with a tit of ¢! lice red in it. His voice i3 clear, ringing, silver- Nothing can equal the gentleness, freedom, and ease of b address. He sat up in bis bed, without the least effort, welcome me, and, like one free from suffering, he be out bia band, and said he was bidden by a common frie to take me by the hand, ard would be happy to do hen leant on his elbow, and I proceeded with my rand—which is n0 man’s business. As I surveyed fine, bright face, that powerful yet elegant and trical frame, and beheld the fair, p!ump, Lom ard eestod by his bedside, I could scarcely attend to what was Saying, as my imagioation ran back to the scene the Talésman, and I fancied I saw the tion-hearted Ki lying on his ons’ hides, aod his lovely Queen a suppli ) bis feet for the life of tue Scotch knight. Truly, Garibaldi is oce of nature's own kings and iesd ere of men. It was neituer fair justice nor good taste represent him as atrucculent bandit or az a theatrical he: Loaded with stars and cros:es by more than oue mon: he never wears any decoration or distinction whatever] Hig costume is, or rather was, picturesque, yet extret simple, suited to the c'imates where Jay the scene of h earliest exploits, and common among the people who fi trusted him with the supreme command. At rest fro1 immediate action he ehuas the gaze of applauding mi titudes and seeks humble employment in quiet retirement He is the master of a merchant veesel or the Pinnlation in some solitary isle the moment he ceases e a guerilla chief or general. He is a modeat, gentte, in| dependent cbaracter. He {s strongly devo:ed to Kim Victor Emanvel’s interests, but I will venture say he will never appear at the Court of Turin n0 eat the bread of his weli earned General’s pensiot The men of Garibaldi and his officers loudly bitterly complain of the conduct of the Piedmontese Wi Ministry and of the military authorities of the Sardini Staff General towards their corps. They were never fair considered as a part of the Itatian army, or treated at sucl though they bere the brunt of the war at every steg the campaiga. The sapply of provisions has been sc: imperfect and irregular, and their weapoas have been 0 the vilest description. The revolvers which Garibaldi’ own Lieutenant, Origoni, purchased in England, and tort; English rifles, which were sent to Genoa usa present bo ae ‘by an Italian patriot, never reached their da ipation. Gariba'di is now contemplating a move from the Alp to the Apennines, from Northern to Central Italy. The: will be a gathering of about 50,000 voiunteers in Ro magna. Garibaldi’s corps, joined to that of Mezzocapo will form an army capable of gecaring the independenc of Central Italy, at least against any Roman or Neapolitan or any merely Italian force. The Diritto of Turin states that Garibaldi’s hoadquar are now at Lovere, on the lake of Iseo, and that oi 15th of July he was eummoned to Brescia by Gen. mora, with whom he dined, after a long confidential in view. He returned to Lovere on the following day, wh be telzed with a violent pain in his leg, which h: kept him in bed ever since. A letter from Milan, in the Indipendente of Turin, co1 tains a rather curious anecdote. According to the writer, when the Marquis Neri Corsin di Lajatioo, who, as you know, was a prime mover in revolution at Florence, heard of the preiiminaries of peag having been eigned at Villafranca, he waited upon “exalted personage’’ to ask what bad been stipulated wil regard to fuscany. ExaiteD PERSONAGR—Nothing. Manquts—Then the Grand Duke is at liberty to return? EXALTED PERsONAGE—I don’t see why not. Maxgvis—But then you will interfere to protect him and re eetablish his government? Exataep PersonaGe—Not I, assuredly. Mangtis—But then I fear ‘the people will refesa to ceive him. EXxaLtep ParsovaGr—Tent micuz. Maxquis—Thore will be diaturbance; he will be drivel out by main force. Exaurep PersonaGR— Taunt micuz, Marquis (rather nonplussed)—How? Tunt misux? Yo ili permit me to mention thts conversation to my friend Exaitep Pensonace—With ali my heart—you will obligl me (anzi). The marquis, adds the letter, struck with amazement wa'ked backwards out of the room, with profonnd by: and muttering between big teeth the famous tan! mi This and othcr anccdotes of the kind have greatly co1 tributed to calm down the feeling of exasperation the fizet tidings of the peace first produced throughod Italy, Whatever may be the iegue of this imbroglio, hot ever, it may be fairly questioned whether it will be ta micuz for Italy in the end. THE PREPARATIONS IN ENGLAND. LORD LYNDUURST ON THE NATIONAL DEFENCES | GREAT BRITAIN. In the Houte of Lords on the 25th of Jaty, Lord Lrsq BURST gaid:— I wish to ask the noble duke opposite (the Duke q But before 1 do 20 your lordship Somerset) a question. Pill perbays allow me to makea few observations oa mater personal to myself. My lords, I am informed tu 2p honorable member, eupported and backed up by a ng ble lord in another locality, if I may so express myse! bas made certain charges against me with reference What {cll from me the other night in the course of ti discussion upon the defences of the country. One of tho charges {8 undoubtedly true. The honorable mem’ stated that T was an ‘old man,” or an ‘aged man,” or Nd peer,” for there are varied readings of this Claszics atiack. (A laugh.) I can only say that I must ple guilty to that part of the charge, while at the same time cannot but admire the sarcasm so pointed, #o keen, bitter, so creditable to the taste and talent of the hono ble gentleman who made this extraordinary discovei So much for this part of the charge, Another m serious part of the charge was to this effect, that th coctrinee I laid down were not doctrines at all euit to the present day, to the present en'ightened stat of society, that they were referable to a period of, I thin sixey years back, of some such period. Bat, my lord this of the charge I must bring to your recollectio as perfectly unfoundes, aad, !f I may venture to say aq perfectly untrue. For what was the course of observatio that I pursued? It was the most simple course that an man could have adopted. I reminded your lordshipg th hitherto we had been !n a state of perfect security at hoi and abroad with respect to our honor and intercsts, consequence of the superiority of our navy. That was tatement. I wenton to say that naval warfare had med @ new shape, and a Of such & character sh it was impoesible for us to say with confidence that could rely upon such a state of security. Aad I calle upon your lordships and upon the gorerament to do ever: thing in thelr power to put the country, both in its mil tary and paval defence, in euch a state as would resioi us to the eecurily that wo have hitherto epjoyed. (Hoa hear) 1 entered, perdaps, too much into detail, bat never deviated for one moment from that line of arg ment. I do not believe that there is a consclentio. maa in this country, except the individual to who: I have referred, aud who made this charge again ime, who would difer in opinion from what I stated. [ tot belfeve that any man who hag the heart of an Eagliai man would have dissented from that statement. My lord it is very well for Englishmen in private life, when the] are pmitten upon one cheek to turn the other cheek to tY Smiter. Ba} that is not my feeling, aud least of ali ougl it to be the feeling of a great aid powerfal natoa. might cite a e {rom an eminent orator—an Athen orator—which I think somewhat in point. He says substance, “Nations builf large fortresses, and lay 0 great sums ot money for that purpose, but there is one c: mon ludwark which every prudent man will take care to mas tain. It ts the great xcuri of alt nations, particulariy 4 free States agains foreign derpotic power. go26 on ask, “What is this?" “The answer he gives is,“ Distru: distrust, Be mindful of that, adhere to it, and you will free from alinest every calamity.” thought it right, pel haps neceesary, to give this explanation, as to the’ su’ stance of what I stated the other night in contradiction | those unfounded charges which have been proferri against me in the locality to which Irefer, Tus que Von I Baye to pat to the noble duke ig this a