The New York Herald Newspaper, August 2, 1859, Page 2

2 peror Napoleon announced to King Victor Emanuel i pate the treaty of Yalatranea, Be gald, “Has your Majesty any observation to make ?”” he King, unaerstanding wt on0e the situation, re ied question, ee ara wv ee by the par ‘Tne two sovereigns bowed AN AUSTRIAN VERSION OF THE TREATY. NEW YORK HBRALD, TUESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1859. bors, praise Louis Napoleon, and go about their usual vigeatioen with th» feeling that great thinge have been acbieved and great dangers averted. We csa share po such sentiments, We can neither fe nor rejoice We can well upderstand that tender nearted mea, to whom the horrors soc sufferings of war are more dread- ful than apy cause is dear, may be dolighied thst such miseries are suspended to Buy Manuer and at avy cost. We can well underetend that two Emperors woo have becn playing at war {cr six weeks with the thermometer apicce, aud who bave econ 50,000 men siain or dying around ja 95 degrees in the sdade, at a cost of twoaty millious | | tae | According to authent aries of peace the nounced, reat on the advices from ature ov which baa juring the recent ev: Suoh is the information which the government has com- munioated to the pation, but eome other stipulations were made ai Villafranca, It was agroed that tue Pope should be the President of the Confederation, and the Emperor Francis J to dol im his power to per- Italian Confederation, but the executive power wa. to be in he hands of Sardima The idea ot the secularizstion of the domains of the Church is new to none of the Powers, It appears to me that Austria has reagoo to congratulate herse!f on being able to obtain peace on such terms; but the ration, and more particularly the militery part of it, is extremely Gissatiefied with the resuite of tie Viliafrance conterence. Information bas beea received from Verons that rs and men are greatly depresned, as they had conddently expected soon to have an opportunity of Dalaucing accounts witn the Allies Had the wur lasted Ull the fall of the year, it is poeeible, and even provable, ‘that the Emperor would have lost Venetia as wel! as Lom- bardy, but tt is ap undeniable fact that the austrian ari has almost recovered its original strength and oon tiden During the frst few days after the battie of sviferiuo the Were much cast cown, but they recovered their spirits when some of their commanders were removed and powerful reiaforcements arrived in the camp. FRENCH EXPLANATIONS THE TREA {From the Paris Debate, Juiy 15] Acompsrizon of the despatch by waich tac Emperor Napoleou made known the oases of peace atopted at Vilia- frapos with ibat by which the Emperor of Austaa om- Municaied the same event to bis subjects gives com. of the stipulations made by tye two sovereigns. forming us that Austria is to retain Vevetis, the French despeich did not indicate what would be the pew frontier vetweon Piedmont and Austria The Austrian despatch mentions the line of the Mincio, which remows aliuncertatwy as to the fate of Peschiera and Mantua, which remain on the hands of Austria. Yne French despatcn said nothiog abous tue duchiws, and the Emperor's proclamation to tbe army of Iialy only al Iuded to them in speaking of the goverpments erhica had kept aloof from the movement, or were recalied into their posressions. The Austrian despatch exproasty stipolates the restoration of the rovereigos of “ascaay and Modeoa The despatch does not mention tne Duchess R-gent of Parma; but it appears to wsgo muck less probable that rhe is not included in this geaeral restoration, that of all the sovereigns restored, the Duchess Regeut the one who will ex; oo the least embarrassment in again meeting her people. Lastly, the Augtrian despaton docs not represent the establishment of a confederation as an accomplished fact, but merely states that Austria agrees with Fronce in promoting the formation of an Italian Cn- federation. That stipulation thus beoomes perfeciiy intel- ligible, for it suggesta that the assent of the States waich are to enter into the propored confederation will be ap- piled for, and that they cannot be regarded us dedaitively engsged by arrangements in which they have pitherto had no abare. Admitting, therefore, in conformity with the opinion of a great pumber of persons, tha’ there will be no Congress, ava that Europe will not be called on to give aan opinion on the bases adopted at Villafrance, there still re main a great number of questions to be solved detween Aurtria end France on the one band, and ceriain lyalian sovereigns on the other. But oa aeaee which the rest of Eurcpe, if such be their pleasure, m2y very pro- pode Prows to 8 Barat who vigned the preliminaries at Villafranca, and to Jiaiy, whose reorganization they have undertaken together. ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE PEACEIN MILAN. EXCITEMENT OF TRE PEOPLE AND DISGUST AT THE ITALIAN CONFEDERATION—THE POOR NEWS BOYS OF MILAN. ian (July 13) correspondence of London Times.] I wrote a jong letter yesterday, deecriptive of the state of men’s minds in Lombardy oa the publication of the pews of the armistice of the 7th. To-day wo have the bulletin announcing the peace concluded oo the 12in. ‘The newsmen hawking the popers abvrut the shreets are received with cuffs and blows by the populace. Tk is positively as- serted that Coun; Cavour has tendered his resignation to the King. The King himseif protests, it is eat, that bo must needs accept the peace of Valeggio, but will be co party to it, and will abide by it only in so far as necessity May compei him, and uo farther. All these reports, ‘whether true or false, give you some idea of the excite: ment prevailing aboutus. Nusquam tutsfides. There is no portive yment the French Emperor is net clever enorigh to break from, no clear la ‘woh: ‘rot put more than ome conttructim. Yhe indepencence of Itaty ‘was to be recured, and the Austrians were to fall back ag far as the Adriatic. Tho people all over the country were to be allowed the utterance of their free votes ag to their ultimate destination; and now the Emperor of Austria gives up his rights over Lombardy to the Emperor of the French, who makes them over to the King of Sardinia: ‘The Fwperor of Aus'ria reepe the Venetian terrtiory; but this constitutes an integral partot the (Italtan’) Vonfederation, ‘The bulletin may receive further developments hers Mearwhile, the reflections arising from the perusal of there few obscure words are especially the followin, Are Mantua and Peschiera and the line of the Mincio to be given up by Austria as part bardy? The preeent line of demarcation between Lombardy and Venice ru: down the middie of the Lake of Garda, it passes about one mile cast of Peechiera, it follows the live of the Mincio down to Valeggio apd Pozzolo, then stretches far east as far as Ortigiis on the Po, about thirty miles east of Mantua. By the cestion of Lombardy, strictly speaking, Austria would seem to bind berseif to the abandonment of the line of the Mincio and the two great fortresses at each end; but are we to believe wat she will really give up strongholds which have not yet fallen in war? And if she keeps Peschiera, Mantua and the passes of the dine, can there be any rest or peace for Lombardy, or the naw State of Northern Italy, wath an open frontier enabling an enemy to reach the walls of Milas two days? We are told, it is true, that not oaly Peschiera and Mantua, but Verona and Legnano also, are to be demolished at the Peace, and that the famous quadrangie ia to be no more. be sivk of the sangaiuary geme and be r thelr Stakes. But that praotioal utates- men or thoughtful observers can be of opinion that aoy- thing has beon gained by euch # war or anything coa- cluded by auch @ peace; that competent politicians can imagine that Italy has gsined independence or that Napo leon bas ; We wre utterly uvadle to comors Haly has nothing —the ‘vin sore ts still wn "Te acndboinanee road peror of the French has, in the momen(§pf apparent vicury, and fur the sake of a theatrical effect, abandoned alt his high pretensions, and violated all his generous tes; and re- tures to Parw, oomivally a conqueror, but in reality « de- feated and dishonored man. The terms and the circam- stances ee render tt, tn oar opinion, ove 6f the moat hollow, unjust and cynical on record; And. except with reference to the vanity and poseidle ulterior designs of Napoleon bimself—one of tae mt im- itic, Count Cavour bas done well to resiga. Ho has mn bitterly deceived. Whether long-standing preju- dices tn favor of Napoleonism for Italy, as has often beca asserted, were the Cause of his French policy—or whether be thought, hike the liberal party in Kogiand, ourselves amonget the number, that great as was the risk, tue ox pulsion of Austria from Italy, which could bave heea ac complished in no other way, was an end almost justifying ‘that risk—boe bas found that Italian objects are entirely subordinated to the objects of France, who wisnes to play off both Piedmont and the Pope as bor instroments ia regulating Itatian adfuire. Like bis uncle, Louis Napoleoa bas not hesitaed a moment about replacing Voustia, Par. ma (?), Modena and Tuscany underphe iaflueaces of Aus- trian agcendancy, and has even fortified it by securing for Austrian Venetia that exprese iofluence ia the covacils of the minor States of the Italian federation, wulch it was the main groupd of complaint agaiust Austria that she formerly exercived without say pretence of European right. Well may Count Cavour aad hie colleagues resign, apd thereby ictimats to tbe whole of Italy that the [valian cauee ts, ia fact, betrayed. In memorandum after memorandum Couat Cavour hes showa that this network of Austrian iaflueace ip Italy bas been the ove barrier in the way of {alian unity aod combined constiuional action, aud now he was asked to aesent to& measure which legalizes that in fivence. He could do notbing but resign Piedmoat was crippled with « gift that omy French troops cau keep for her, uod Avciria strepginened vy veing envaroued beside the “Pope wn an association of the smaller Sixes. Bat, vot- withstanding Count Cavoar’s grievocs digappointmant and We maintain that both tho Itatian aad Eagtian Te right in claiming for his policy that, if some , at least held oat a caance Rack as a9 patriot could lighily throw away. Evouts have amoly proved two thivge: Oret, that only a Power #8 great as France bad the emeiiest chance of excluding Austria from the penia Sula; next, that it waa really, as it bas proved, for we telf interest of Napoleon to piay au at least aposreatiy disinterested part in bis poitoy towarde Italy. That i mes Lot proved a really cisinverested game it is true, but Sar. drvia bod, we must remember, littie choice in her policy. Unsided dy England, constantly threatened py Austria, hemmed iv i @ narrow circle of despotic States which were alwas seizing the opportunity of copying the Ausirian policy in quarreling with hor—her very existence as a liberal and comstitutymal State do pended um sume sucorssfur and necestarily hazasdour effort to free hersetf from thas imprisonment. Sa nas failed. I may be even that the new mipisiry will acarcely dare to reintroduce @ constitutional system so much freer thin that cf ber great psiron. Sull she has failed in a poltcy that wus almoet forced upon her im the naturally excived Stare of Italian Liberalism. Aud we wili not iu the preseat hour of bis trial witahoid our bearty admiration trom the great statesman who bas #0 ong apd vo ably workes for the iberation of Italy from Austrian dornination, and has Uhrown Up bis great post cirectly it became evident that France wus really endangering or ruining, instead of sus- taming that cause. [From the London Examioer, July 16.] Whom will tois whimsical peace, tis most extraordioa- Ty tresty satiety? Waoat promises does it fulfil, roast hopes dos it reahze? Never did so much blood flow, ever was go much treasure experded for so emali aod unworthy a return,“ Italy will for the firss time pecome @ nation Sossys Louis Napoleon to bis army; buttnese are worcr only—where sre the fac’e to support them ? What is there ip all the arrangements to constitute an T'aiisn nation? The confeveration will be Austrian— Austrian all over—it will infallibly take its color and character from the power that will predominate ia it, Austria would ingly outweigd all the livera! members of ibe rosy, but she will rot be single; she will bay one faithful and devoted foliower in Na- ples ; the will also bave her paseive tools and eub- eervient creatures in the restored dukedoms of Tuscany, Mocena and Parma, restored in defiance of the popalar will, toray nothing of her high favor with the Sovereign Ponti® who is in future to preside over tue councils and fortunes of Italy. A peace like this has, of course, drivea, Count Cavour ito retirement. Hig resignation le suill- cient commentary upon its articles. It was not for such Poor resuits be called bis countrymen to arms, or in an evil hour implored the succor of France. He was in earnest in the quarrel, in which it is now clear that Louis Napoleon was nut. The hopes which tbe ocher day Count Ouvour held out in a circular to bis diplomatic ageats, ac- qvainting them with the anuexstioa of the Ducaies to sag. dinia, were well founded—tost is to say, as well found ux bopes could be, butlt upon fair speeches. In fact tae’ Sarcinien mipietar only made the mistake of believing Louis Napoleon reaily meant to do what be uadertook to do in the face of Europe. The Count never dreamt of & conclusion of bostitities accomplisning nothing worth mentioning of the objects of the war. It never occurred to bim that a rapid series of the most brilliant victories in the field would end ina peace so poor in its results to Piedmont and Italy. Bat whatever ho may have ex- pected from it,be never could have anticipated the bavgaty apd insulting manner in which it was patched up, witoout Sardinia baviog more voice in toe transaction than if rhe had been wholly uninterested in it,or had borze no part in the previous struggle. This was, indeed, one of the ugiiest features of the business, aud one of the moet inanspicious of the many circumstances that contri- bute to make the peace of Villafranca almost as gloomy war. isa peace, in a word, that will neither please I nor France. “Toe war was too short to give the Fron army a sufficient meal of glory. It has excited their appe- tite, pot appeased it. And as to the opinion of tne French Public, it has found vent wiready in the coiumns of the Stécle, which bas hed the courege to remark:—“Lot but a single Austrian soldier remain in [taly— ut the miautest Austrian influence there abice, and we shall have to begin everything agam in afew years. The invincible courage of our ‘toldiere, their generous biood will have been shed in vain History teaches us bow Austria acts in matters of dominsvion. Therefore, no Austrian, no Aurtrian influence in Italy—euch, in our opinion, which, thank Heaven, nag yy adherents, is the strict execution of the French pro- gramme.” [From the London Weekly Despatch, July 16 | To Eogiand there ia one feeling of calm astonishment and ciscarnful disappointment. [t is easy for a journal that at first attacked Louis Napoleon and tueu gave way to bis positive seaurances, to retrace its ateps onc» more and take up aa attitude of triumph. Those woo write every way are quite sure to bit upon the event some way. For ourselves, we are not ashamed of any amount of faith we put in buman nature; for, tough the individual may fe'] us, humanity ay large never will. The Emperor Napoleon mey bave piayed the olever trick which his in- ‘But Peacbiera and Mantus and the line of the Mincio are strongholds of God’e own making. You can pull down Dastions, but you cannot do away with the position; an the possession of the ground from the Lake of Garda to the Lake of Mantua, will aiways constitute the key of Lombarcy, as Verona and the Adige are the key of Vo- netia Who, tben, isto bave Mantua and Peschiera? Iam again assured that people freed frem the camps have aeen Piedmontese troops entering the latter named place; bat thie news bas been a bundred times contradicted, and I believe it as yet unfounded. The Emperor of Austria is to Keep Venetia; he may deal with it us with a province of the empire, or he maj raise it int par to Btate, with Archduke Maximiilian ge its Vicers @ question is purely military. Venetia is to Decome an integral part of tne Confederacy, I suppose ‘this means Itatian confederacy, for the German Band is not without its preteusions upon Venice aud its “natural confines”? of the Adige or the Mincio. ifas a member of ap Italian league, Venice and her territory arc to give their contingent to the common Italian national armament, tt seems very clear that the Venetian troops must be na- tive; and if Venice be garrisoned with merely native troops, what becomes of the sliegiauce of Venetia to the Austrian Emperor, and by what contrivance is ne to keep it & Finally, the bulletin speaks of an “italian Confederation eee soe ay Presidency of the Pope) but, in the at ploce, will the Pope accept such a presidency? Wao sete tae menbes ot te Confederacy? Piedmont has alresdy virtually and indisrolubly annexed Lombardy and the duchies of Parma aud Modena, forming a State of About 8,600,000 or 9,000,000 inhabitants. Venetia will be & small kingdom of little more than 2,000,000. Tuscany is stilt wavering between immediate and final union with Piedmont; and the preservasion of its auicnomy or se. te independent existence. Twenty-thousand persons ‘ave signed their names for the fusime in Leghorn. fhe game results Cosi fen eeponen in proportion, in a the ‘Tuscan provincial towns. Florence sione resists the im yale of the rest of the weep sd te loth to relinquish ita ima, ase ital, @ unionists carry the re Tiogucen of Norn Italy is strengthened by two State is organized in Tuscany, uo ‘what prince, the Italian league aumbera a third member. The Pope, as President of the Confederacy, the whole of his territory. Part ui especially—must, however, be }, being reurganiz-d under ‘the ‘moderate and justly popular Mas. Roman Siatos is to be seca sy, the oer provinces, with itself, should contione under the ‘The Pope will be an ‘“hono. the “honorary Presi- would, like the i 4) compelled to publish a “general amacs- ”” as set down in the bulletin, and this first sep wouid Compel the King to the adoption of measures which and rational government in the Two Sicilies. Ttaly, divided thus into five Italian States, joined together by a bond of military and maritime, diplomatic, commer- lal, and literary unity, would fiad herself in conditions far different from those against which ehe 80 loudly pro. tested two months or eleven years ago. Yot the Italians are still protesting: for a pari of the nation—one of their noblest and most Provinces, Venico—is disposed of without any either to its immediate wishes and interests, or to the general vote and will of the country, The sacrifice of Venice s as Ukely to damage the prpultrily g, te Third ast injurious to the reputation Hi rowed reputation of the OPINIONS OF THE BRITISH PRE! (From the London Economist, July 16.) Preliminaries of peace bave been signed, and the Ita. Nan war is pominaliy over, The fouds have rizen bon bere and in France; there is & general jublioe fon and rejoicing; men throw vp thelr cap, embrace tumates row impute o him. He may have usedthe pat- riotism and the virtue of Italy, its manly love of frao- dom, its batred of bigotry and’ priestly oppression, its revoit against tordid ignorance, for the mere purpote of humbling a rival Emperor and forcing the recogaition of the Bovapsrtean dyuasty fully on the house of Hapaburg, He may have done all be intended to do, His success may be porfect in bis own eyes. Or he may have been— ingeed, he tells bis soldiers taat he has been—alarmed at the extent to which the covilict must spread. He saw tbat the truth was going beyond the shams he set up to engird it, He stopped, and he was then obliged to coatess his aim. Well, be bas broken the most solemnly published word that ever was given toa people; broken it exactly the moment that be appeared moat ableto realise it, Does apy one think this wisdom? Will anybody trampet it as successful police? Woult any true frieuc—if he bas such an adherent—hsve coun- felled the beginning to iead to tnisend? Would any ove have suspected # shrewd and able man of avy design to bring bimseif to tbia pasa? In common sense, and for his Own batcet interest, ought he to have doae what he has done? We think not. We look upon tbe peace mi- racle of folly on the part of bim who made it. It isan Svowal of that egotism which cost his uscle his throne, It Is the proclamation tha! be ranks himeeif with the other despots of Europe, and holds to the Imperial right of breaking faith witd tbe peoples. To us thi aspears in- sanity or as fatal weaknoss in ® great crisis, We did not expect eitver of Louis Napoleon. He bas for the time do- ceived others; we are much mistaken if he has not de- ceived himself irreparably. We do mol think yet that Italy vill be Austria's and the Pope's. will not be Napoleon's. It we were certain of impitcit obedience, on our own responsibility, the ‘uly counzel we should give to the Italiana ie calm- bees. No pretended acquiescence, no faise vote for any faine object, but reliance on their own holy am indomi- table cause, and truet in themeclves hereafter, at their own chosen time, to vindicate it. If fresh repression onithe part of France and Austria ts necesvary to keep Italy dnon, there is yet @ public opinion in Europe that will sorak, @ moral force that will triumph. It is simply tmxgsibie, with the proclamation of Milan, that ‘ts author can, in the face Of the world, constitute himeeif tue gendarme of ty. Tanpy, or eufer Austria to be 80; impoasibie in thetame fense ag to build a house of sand. It may stand while not & breath of air etirs, and only for that time. Lord Joho Ruseell, oo the part of the British government, speaks with the dignified reticence that becomes him. He al. Tost seems to entertain the view that if the Emperon made the ettiement without the consent of any other party, State or people, there is no need that Europe should encumber iaelf by joining in the treaty. Our libera ministry and the Britith people are bautked of the one hope they indulged—tha Austria would be driven out of Italy, The Emperor remens acknowledged [From the London Sbagver, July 16} ‘The arrangement is so utter Synjust and inconsistent that it cap never last. It te dowstfal oven if {t can ever be started in working order, according to the desigos of Projectors, Already Napies is insurrectionary, and the Pope demands more troops. Austria haa handed over ly (barring the tortresses) to Napoleon, who has ‘bestowed it upon the Sardinian King. But the people of ‘Tvscany. of Parma, of Modena, aud of the Roman legation have handed themeeives over to tae same destination. Whowill gainsay the gift? Will tho Austrians seturn to their game of butchery in and Romagna? will the French army, who have been led to glorious vntory in the feld, turn executioners in Tuscany and Modena, ¢o impose Austrian archdukes upon the people who have driven them out in the presence of these very soldiers of Frapoe? Dnily it will not be all plain sailing with the two There are two hundred thousand Are they to be dregooned toto aubjection by the power that called them be most werious objection to the 10 called settlement in, that it settles nothing, and that Italy is loft by this incomplete and unsatisfactory arrange. adaira- | ment more unsettlod and dangerous to the peace of Europe rial conspirators. Ita now with arms in their hands. into the field? Perhaps t! than eve: it wag before, This buba cossolatioa for We are sure it | Englishmen that Engiand ba nought to do in this do- o plive apd drama, where the curtain has 60 ‘vbr xprotedly fallem in the middle of an act. In fact is is only she Gret coapter of the hook that is closed, and pot tbe last But thove who ignorantiy and impatiently re- quire Eogland to deny her high poaition amonget nations, and to abjure the glorious destipy of freemen, may now see the bashful effects of “total abstinence,” to which cer- tain politic ans would Cegrade the voice and the arm of Great Gritain. We have joined heartily in the genoral cry of neutrality for many reasons. Que of thes» reasons may be crough to repeat. We distrusted our late rulers, on oe wre tev die which Seen pont lace us in occurrences ‘parations ear, and we are ot without fear tbat’ Wey woud lead us into staallar den- 1b te clear that affairs co not fo lig a bie c) er our al ‘It w more Probaple bas upon to take our part ope to be well prepured for witn ® experieaced, and henest yuides, through the dangers and difficulties to come, We have too much at sake to slew oursclves to be made again tbe viotune of shallow incompetence or mere party pe! incom: | patible with the honor and interests of fn i ‘of England. (From the London Saturday Review, July 16.) Peace is prociaimed sound of trumpet aad Mincw. new hehe nd the on tho plains of Lom ardy, and the capnonade hee dock oorae pen tee form of an Aus- ne Waves denly rivels they sande a wave, that bis own art copjured up are distance, @ Gi! moultitude—ana paramount again. is the will of oe esaings theltaten ‘tee of at hw bioding, are ¢ ‘appears u) the stage. 18 is she, O Italians, for whom ye oughtand viet, Remove the dra that hides ber fair proportioas. Read, in her hand, the Mag- ba Charia expressly written for you oy the Protector of Nettopalities. Bat, they whisper, this is not the hberty for which they poured’ forth tnoir lives bke water. Some our of the imperial juggler Joes dazed their yes. Where is the bicoming 100] he promised them? Gone, like the mirage in tho desert wheo the traveller draws near. Gone, like the promises of a dream, broken at morning time. And im her stead is left liberty indeed, but Ubeity as she looks wn the delightful purleus of the Tutleries—lberty as she looks at Naples and Sologna—the goddess of French free dom, admired of prefects, pamprleterrs, As the Getails of the new-born Magna Charta are flasked by tetegrapb from the Adriatic to the Siviliau sea, a smile steuis over the grim faces of the lovers of Austria, aud tue evaives of ubersy um that landot miracles may be observed visibly to wink” ‘the Emveror of the Frenot has perpo: tretea ope more joke, For an old and inveterate hoamcr it ts neta vad one. Toe Austrian protegis that bad gone to cover, and bren hiowg, goodness kLows Where, during the atorm, vegia to pop up wgein, ail is over,’ and wey may come buck Like flies wher # hoevy shower, they reappear one by one with suvebine ov their wings. By the morciiul 1nterposi tion of Provicence Wey ove of them got wat, Already, bo doubt, the fugitive rulers of Modena and Puecany wre on their way home, prepared to let by gouer b> by goucs, and to cisep their repentant subjects te their tatoerly bosoms Docal doves wita Olive brenoues may be seen returning, ence to bu own ark, Dow thal the waters are subsiding Their countiymen thougnt that they were gone for good ‘Tbat is where their couatrymee were mistazen li was only the Emperor's fon. Thou there was tue joke about Who waid that the goufalous of the repuvite sere ches mora to wave im toeir old place on the Piazza of Stu Mark? Wags will be wags, bat Peopie should not pelieve whem. If tle Lion of St. Mask expected to have it all bis own way, all we can sey iB that the lion iz an ass, and should have xuown better. Gut what of the foriresses of tue famous qQuadriisteral’ Surely it was imsgived thas taey were not to be left toreatering the plains of Lombaray. Weong agalp. Louis Najoieon certa nly said toat Italy was to be free from the Alps to tbe Agriatic, and Coun! Cavour be Keved him. But Count Cavour nas no seuse of humor in bis soul. Blese his woocent heart, thas was only a gomi. serio comic kind of geograpbica! expreseion. The unfortunate irDabitan of Lomb .roy have indeed fome reason to be dissppornied Perhaps they expected grapd (hinge from their Geiiverer; but at least they never Deped that their iron crown would be flung to the Pied their leave unsolicites and their wit will the pride of Viewor Emanuel be flaiterec at the want of ceremovy which visting shes the Rbole transaction. Toe Emperor of Austria * yieids his rights” at Milan to the Emperor of the Freacn, who tosses them im tury to hie royal follower Sceptres and thrones belong 10 Napoleon, and be dispoees of tuem ai will But the most tuimitable touch of ail is taat by which an Itaan coulederation is rumwoued iol oeiag, to com- prite as parta of its vody Austria aud Sarcinia, Lombardy and Tuscany slike. *Ia one group wil! be united the members of the same fatty.” It will be a bappy family indeed. Tne mil'evium ia come at last, sna tha golden years begin, The leopard and tbe lamb ite dowa together, and Vicior Emanuel fondies Fraocie Joeepn. Jo make the haypy famsly sill happier the suocessor of St. Peter tumbled un top of them. charr and all, Hurmuny reigns un der the “hmorary presidency of the Pepe” Waly tor the first time becomen a vation. if this is mecoming a nation, it is to be euspected that Ivly wishes she had become anything eléo in prefer ence. [#1om the London Tumes, July 18 } The great patron of Itaiian miepencenss has handed back the Lalian Peninsula to the Emperor of Austria and the Pope, and the King of Napies is ebootiog bis own Swits Gasrds, Guess 4: toat riddle who can—toretell tne evect who dare! We give the int«lligence of the day as {i reaches uf, sand—there it is. Had this Neapolitan news stpow alone we might bave ventured to oder a comment upon it. The destruction of the foreign mercenaries wont ‘Have ecemed to portend the early relicquiehment of that eppression which for the last haif century bas lain like 4 shroud upon the gayer and eunoier section of that bril- Nant Isud. But now, who can toil? When the op preseors of Itely are gone. who shail save the itabens from their defenders? General Goyou and bis re- gimentg, in an abrupt trausalpine way, know how to co- erce be wandering laude of St. Peter. The French bayo nets exc rifles are reasy to repair the shortcomings of tho Papal troops, and yet ihe Papal troops ure haady enougo at (be work of massacre, ax witness the events of Perugia. What if the untortunate Neapolitans shou'a be so unad- viped as to trust in the sincerity of their deliverer? Waoat if they should take Solferino as ® serious fact, and pre sume that hecatombs of Frenchmen were not sacrificed on the field of battle without a meaning in the sacritice? If the people of the Two Sicilics ehould judge the present moment en apt one for the recovery of their liberties, and Gue to suggest terms to their sovereign, havo they judged aright? Allis yet confusion and disorder, but wo ¢ the indications of an ides, and the presence of #n overwhelming force. Until now Europe nas been very busy in numbering the arrays of the rival com Datants of Austria and France, ss supposing that these mea were Jed out for the purposes of mutual destruction: but they must now be numbered not as foes Vut as allies. AL the present moment more than 400,(00 armed and die. ciplined men sre packed together in the northeastern correr of Italy. They obey two masters; but th: two masters are of one mind. Besises this, an over- whelming French fleet—we use the word by comparison With apy naval force which the Italians can briag to meet it—sweeps round tae cosats of Iisiy, aod is miatrese of tbe adriatic. Tae people of the Two Sicilies are but as chiidren in the hanos of the reconciled Emperors. A few Austrion and French regiments, the late garrison of Ancona and the actual garrison of Civita Vecchia, would soon re- place the Swiss regiments in the pay of Naples which have Just been slaughtered or difbanded. What is the turn of the ‘moperial thoughts? ‘The great coment of stability in the government of the Two Sicilies during the ren of the late King Ferdinand Wag ever #uppoeed, and with reagon, to be the presence ofthe Swiss Guards. It must be remembered, to the houor of the Swiss Confederation that tea years ago they reaolved that the impure agroemout for the supply of Swits mercenaries to support despotism io the south of Italy ehould be declared at an end. It was resolved that for the future it should ye deemed aa illegal act ia any citizen belonging to any of the Bwiss cantons to enlist him £elf in tee service of the Neapolitan sovereign. King Ferdi- pend, however, decided that as there were two parties to the formation of a contract, £0 there were teo parties to its conclusion or renewal. ' The Swiss authorities might resolve that the trade in mercenaries was illegal, but he, on his vide, might continue to offer the murket price, and 60 long us the Swiss were under the protec tion of hit flag they were safe, Tue Swiss regiments remained as one of the permagent institatione of Naples, Abd were consiant!y recruited from the mother country But for their presence King Fordinand might have died a Copetitutional King. It twas becaase the Swiss were ready to bia band that the King, who has go lately gone to render ap awful account of bis trusteesnip here below, Was able to eet aside the constitution he had sworn t) observe, end to outrage humanity by every form of op pression. But a few weeks have gone by since that Sovereign has been inid fn his grave, and we flad his suc cestor—a young man learned in the learning of the Jesuits, and deeply imbued with the maxime of hie father—actually shooting down these trusty Swiss mer cevaries with whifs of grape and rounds of ball car- iridge, and deporting tncse whom the ball car tridge and the grape bad spared. We are not yet ia a position to ly before our readers euch an explaaation of the trapeactions as is eatisfactory to ourselves. We know that a gpirit of mutiny suddenly burst forth in the Swiss regiments, ortensibly because the government had wished ts substitute the Neapolitan for the Swiss banners in the bands of their standard bearers. This, however, must have been a pretext, not a cause, like the story of the greased cartridges in British Indix. We must look be Yona this if we would find the reason why mercenaries who bave set the laws of thelr own country at deflance by the mere fact of taking service, suddenly throw off the bonds of diecipiine and the restraiots of their venal allo gisnce. The Swiss are @ sober-minded, money-makiog race They do uot rush to thetr own destruction for the warren gratification of being destroyed, like a moth or » Such recount of the mutiny as we have received we have alrady publisbea. It would be uscloss to tell ine tale twice. “As we ure informed, there existed dissension among the nen ay to the war. some were for one Uiesar, others for tb: other. Probably on either side it was con- Jectured that the end of all things was at hand, Esch mercenary £Ufyosed that his caliing and his month’s pay Were in danger. they had taken Louis Napoleon at tis word, apd saw iD him the irresistible liberator of Italy and the stern diebin cur of Swiss mercenaries. Mad they but waited & few ‘ays! Wheo once they were broken the spirit of faction took its o for ‘Austria, Francois for Frauce. The terms ‘Austrian ” and « Frenchman” became wordn of Resear bed cach toldar began to break his comrarte’s . oment tne gevernment, asthe wey of . ernmenta it, seems to have logeted Father tban dealt with the question. There was istied an ili-timed order about the regimental siandards, op regey which acted as the lighted match of w tyrant; but we do fear lest the Neainiiian people stould ‘ion at the conclu thee uneration nonce Of the sige Je tantamount to e des ‘ef toreiga troops. The Figne ond. Austria "78 hate wae fens, and wu eile tw offairs of the alian Peninnula as may bert agres at thro ae ie NOW, Will the soveroigns who Bava just thrown the ostesi\e govoreigaty ‘of Tealy “into. the hands of thelr own Puppia at Romer at Formcce a Pee ma, at Modena, tolera!e te existence of a Hborty at Na. ples which dows ui exist Ghor af Paris or at Vionnal SPEECHES OF LORD DERBY, MR. DISRAELI AND LORD MALMESBURY. (From the London Mmee, July 18.) On Saturaay 4 sumptuous dinner was given by the Con- Servative party © their two Purliamentary leadors, the Feri of Derby snd the Right Hon. B. Dieravii, The dan- quet took place in the flue old hall of the Merchant Tailors’ Company, ip Threadneedle street, and was attended by an im} ottvg array Of about three hundred guests, «li more or leas weil known for their adhesion to the cause of coaser- vetiem. On thew errival Lora Detrest Mr. Disraeli ‘were reoorved with enthusiasm. The rl of march pre- sided om the occasion, the post of vice-chairmaa being occupied by the Marquis of Bath. At the principal tabie, which stood on & raised dais at the entrance of the 4 fat the beroes of this ovation, the ex Premier being oa the pobie obairman’s right, and the ex Chancelior of the Exchequer on his left, supported by the Earl of Malmesoury, the Karl of Hardwicke, Sir J. Pack- ington, Lord Stanley, and any genee momobers of the late administration, Lord by wore the blue ribave of the garter, and Malmesbury and Sir Jobo Packington the red ribapd of the Bath, with which they were decorated by her Majesty on their retirement from office. Four otber tables ran loogitudinally dowa the bat, at which tbe buik of the company were accommodated. ‘The gallery immediately above the president was sect apart for tbe ladies, who mustered in eonsiderable numbers, ‘and umong them were the Countess of Derby, the Jountess: of March and Lady Burleigh. The opposive gallery was filled by a band of musicians, who formed @ selection of operatic and other airs during the dinner. ‘Tho veual loyal toasts having been duly honored, “The Army P acardincmtcmannan = Et 4 on rt of their respective jons, by Earl Beauchamp Eno the Karl of tarawicke. To the course of his remarke, \be latter pobie earl observed that they must all feol the necessity. of eupportng the navy in the most perfect effi clency—(bear)—not solely with reference to the proba- bitty of war, but rather beshould say, at tis time, for ‘the purpose of giving strength to our advocacy for peace, end evanling our representatives to enforce the argumeats hey might employ, by the anowledge that our navy was p full strepgth ana vigor. The CHaiKMAN then rose to propose the toast of the venipg. ‘tbe Health of Lord Derby and Mr. Disraeli!’ was then drunk with svarked enthusiaem. The Ear! of Derry rose to reepood amid vehement aad prolonged cdeerivg. To said:—It is impossibie for mo, epeuking st this critical period of our history, uot to ad vert 9 w few words to the circumstances in which we fonnd ourselves at the moment when toe late government left oflire, Aud if there were any other consideration which would induce ine to recommend to you a careful abetmence ions Vexations Opposition, it would be fouwd iu the fact tbat at no time in my memory hai this county been placed in a position of greater dificulty, greater anx- uty, oF giealer Uncertainty with repect to tha future, tran at the precent uur, (heer) It was the desire of my colleagues aad myeei{ to maintain, as between the oon- tenoimg parties exgeged in the Iate war, the most strict pc Imparcal new —n0} wavingyany personal feel- sopatvies which we might iadicually entertaia, mvt Cwretul that those personal feelings and sympatbies sbooid pot in the siigbleat degree influeace our public nd poiltical conduct, Aud I belteve that tn- justice bus been done to my coble friewd lately at the bead of foreign aifaira— (gre ut cbosring)—than whom no man has been Mors rauobrous!y or more Industriously difemed. Aud itisonly due to him to ray that the corres- popoence which hae been latd before the country has rbown the labor and woxiety whica he disvieyed on the svbjeci; and thove who hed not hesitated in contomntog without vearing, bave sivce excused ther couduct by saying bat if there papers had been laid before Parl went soover it would bave made a difference in their opwien. (A lavgh) We have the catretaction of know- bg iat nthe minos of Raztich sta'esmoen of ail parties, ‘29 ‘nthe minds of foreigners, the production of these proved that we maintsined io practice, as we hwo profeesed, the strictertana most impartia! neutrality. (Cheere.) It we terdered in van our exhortations aad Our eu'reaties, it was uot for want of earavstacss or of they failed in preventing the two par. ties, both previossly determined ou war, from taking that last'anc moet fatal step. (Cheers ) Taat war has for the moment terminated, and every friend of hamanity mast rejoice w the orseation of the eflustzn Of thoee torrents of borman blood which have been poured forth so protusely apd eo reckkesiy at Magenta, at Solferino, aud other fields in Tialy. Itis too eariy to speak to you of the exect conditions of this truce or peace, But I confess toyou that, from the information we at present pxsessy I leck to the state of affairs arising out of the peace as more critical and dangerous than anytning which existed before. (Covers.) Ia my opicion, as I have avowed on former occasions, that war was com- menced opon ipsvilicient groongs and on false pretexta: tor of ali those purposes which were put forward to Justify the war, there i. not one wutch bas beca supported or attsincd by the etroggle which taken piace; there are several which are placed in positions of Greater jeopardy than they stood in before the war. (Cavers ) I, who dovor coustiiutional governments—I, who, in com- won with the true friends ot liberty, lookea with the most esrnest admiration ugon tbe example of the kiogdom of Sarcipia struggling ipto a state of constitutional freedom, svoiding the exceeacs of despotism on the oue hand, and of unlimited ticense ou the other, saw with pain that ite gov- eroment were not content with the evjoyment of ita own Nberties and its own constitution—were not satisiled with waking that constitution by its effects on their happiness aud comestic comfort un exempie which the rest of Italy might copy—Isaw them. Isay with regret depart from that constitutional course, endeavoring to excite animosity, dark intrigues, apd machtoxtions amoog other Biates, and for that purpose maivtaining armies ruinous to their own finances, and which have proved destructive to their own comfort: I foresaw that in inviting the co operation of a powerful neighbor sguinst the faucied apprehension of Invasion on the part ot Austria, they were in effect bringing down on themselves as well as upon the rest of Maly, the mort serious dangers and the most inevitable calamities. And what, I ask you, bas been the result of this etfusioa of tbe blood of 100,000 men—for not less than that num ber have been put hors de combat in the couree of this campuign? What was the plea? The presence of the oreigner in Italy, the mal-government of the Papal Stater, he ciscoptent and diseatisfaction of the inhabitants, and the necessity of jiberating them from a foreign yoke and leaving them free to chooge their owa form of government. At the expiration of this siruggie what are the torms upon which, as far a8 we know, this pexce bas been made, and what are the advantagee which have been gained to the freedom of Italy by ail this carnage? The constitution of Sardinia iwelf bas been suspended—I hope onty during the continuance of the struggle. The Milanese, the pos- session of which was recognized by the Emperor Napo- leon as the just patrimony of Austria, as long as sho confined herseif within ber owa limite, and from which there was no pretence for driviog her, Austria has ro- nounced. Has Milan the choice of a government? No. But all is settled; France accepts trom Austria the gift of that very territory which it was coutended Austrie had no right to, and France contemptuously flings it over into the hands of her supporter Sardinia, Iam vot say- ing that the Italian nations had no cause to complain of the governments under which they were placed; but if the freedom of Italy was her apxicty what would bave been the course of Sardinia? Tost country has annexed Lombardy with the consent of her powerful supportec— with what satisfaction to the inhabitants of Lombardy and even of Piedmont remains yet to be seen, She hi ought to annex Modena, Parma and Tuecany; but si bas haa veto put upon the ambitious projects which she entertained, sod the result of ail her efforts and ma- chimavons bag been thie—that Tuscany, Modena, and I nope Parma, are by the authority of the foreigner, and perbaps of Piedmont itself, to be restored to their former position. (Cheers) What bas been done for the improvement of the government of the Papal Statee? Nothing! But we are told there if to be an Tiaitan Confederasion of all the States under their former rulers, including Vouella, under Austria, Trat Confederation, including Piedmont itself, is to be enbject to the Presidency—the honoraty Pre- si¢ency—of the Sovereign Pontiff of the Romen States, These are the results to the promised liberty of Italy from the carnage which has taken place. Do not understand me to be pronouncivg any opioion with respect to the pro. bable effect of tnis truce, But one result is, 1 thiglk, ta- evita%le, which 18, that those friends of liberty, whetaer of liberty in excess or in moderation, but more especially thote iriende of extreme liverty, whose hopes and expec- tations bave been excited by the interference of France and Sardipia, wall be doubly disappointed at the failure of heir cherighed anticipations. far better would it have ‘deen to bold out no hopes at ail than by foreiga interven. tion to encourege and excite those hopes and then dash tbe cup to the ground from the lipsof a aonsitive people, with all the possible consequences of that dizappointment. (Cheers.) I rejoice that the war, uader any circum: stances, bas been stopped where it bas been. ‘I give the Emperor of the French the highest credit for the vartous ‘motives of humanity and policy which dictated the course be has taken in thus early putting an eud to the horrors of war, Decuuge I believe that a very little more and the conflagration would have extended over the whole of Europe, acd it is impossible to say ai what time ‘he vermination of this war would then have taken place. But I say this position of affairs gives room for serious theught and aoxious congideration to Eugiand. The passions of men throughout Europe have geen excited. Great armaments huve been brought toge- ther, Above all, in France, that strong military feeiiog which used to be predominant in that country, but which ‘or time appeared to have been lulled to sleep, aud bad given way to feelings of peace—thie military ardor has been again called forth, and the sudden cessation of the war has not permitted the passions which Rave bezn so kindled to besalified, (Boar,.) Francs has now not only & powerful army, but she is continuing to increase in efficiency a most prwesul and most threatening fet, which is by no means necessary for purposes of self defence. France may safely rely upon ber army, but her powerful fleets must be to the otber nations of the world an object, not of seif-defence, butof aggression. I believe sincerely that the Emperor of the French is desirous of maintaining friendly rela- Mons with this country, and I earnestly hope they may be maintained. Bat i say thoee triendiy relations will be mperiiled if, in order to guard against a possibility of an alteration of feeling on his own part or on that of hie country, we are obliged to make the almott superhuman Sorte whtch we are making and must continue to make for he purpose of keeping our navy in that sate of warlike Preparation which is essential w the very existence of this cuntry. I say we derire to remain at peace, and that desire, I am gure, Is shared in by the present government; but the position of France at this moment with her pow. ul army, with a large and increasing navy, and tho till- ary epirit awakened In the people, whatever may be tue Pereovat objects and wishes of the Emperor, must endan- ger the friendly relations which should extst between us, and ‘may lead to a war which must be fatal to the happiness and nterets of ( .) I look with anxioty but with contidence to my countrymen, tha; they will not suffer this or apy other government to slacken in those efforts which are imperatively necessary to piace this country on a footing of perfect security. (Cheers ) How- ever much I may trust in the good feeling, the good wishes and sound policy of the Emperor of the French, I echo ‘the noble sentiment uttered tne other night by my iilugtrions and venerable friend Lord Lyndourst, that, whatever confidence I may have in others, I wil not Consent to be dependent for the safety, honor aad interests of tbis country oo the good will or forbearance of France, or any otber country in the world. (Cheers. ) b nance bona desirous as am for the Fvation Of peace, I am satisfied that you go slong with me in saying that it is the first duty of this country to be thoroughly prey for seif defence; that ho faire economy, no niggardiy parsimovy, must deprive he the best and most earnost efforts to strengthen and improve her national defences. (Cheors.) 1 am certain Of this, that Whateres comands may be made, whatever xcept by the arbitrament of the sword. @ jut, whether there be ponce or war in coming yoars, it is equally im- tant that in this country we snould encourage and eup- aoe the existence of a } constitutional party—s y phe. proud of its traditions and cou- cy. If woare to have war, such national spirit and marshal the national Pontdent in is in ite thas, alum wabareds dent will the ¢consunuoa cf an old European country, we are nt ry woo tesbion Soa Ay @ wilderness. We have sider prescriptive rig complication of opiaiog, sent!ment avd prejudice which cists, and can exist there only, in a community whose institutions are consecrated by custom. (Cueers) It is (his reverence for tradition which makes this ancivut and free country in *bich we live ebrink ‘rom empirical and upnecesrary change, and which makes our statesmen heritate to aiter even to improve. If, then, peace is to prevail, and the scrutipy of tbe nation to be turned to the sevision of its ingiitutions, what would be the position of the country which had pot in it a great coustitutional party? I am quite sure when that hour arrives tbat there will be nove among us who wil! not disclaim all sympathy with the now ides that party government is out of fashion, and party principles no longer to be respected. Our freedom and {security depend upon the musintenance of party, and what I would impress oo those whom I bave now the honor to address ia, that w shoal not regard tbis as an assemblage merely to colevrate » cagual tentit i}, but «8 an occasion oo which to exproas our conviction that ik is our duty as Englishmen, euch in bis own ephere, to doail in our power to upnold tose principles and support that party which we botieve are in. dinsolbly connected with the stability of our instituuoas, (Cheers ) Mr. T. Bazine, M. P., then proposed “The Earl of Maimerbury ena the members of the late Cabinet,” briot ly eulogizing their services, avd expressing his belief that hereafter tae wonder of the nation would be, that the lere change of government bad been maae with ‘80 Itttle cause, ‘The toast was drunk with great cordiality. Farl of Matamsavky, in returaing theoks, My lords and gentlemen, f Ihave ever bee sonoyed for w single moment at the faige ava inexcneadle charges made against me of sacrificing the dignity and honor of the Crown, ali those feclings would pass away pow thi I stand here to receive the too flattering compliment juss paid tome. (Obeers) At tnis late bour (nearly twelve o'clock), geptiomen, you will not expect from mee Bpesch on fore'gn affairs. You have had what your nobie chair. man culled the toast of the evening; Iam aura you would not be grateful to me if, by prolouging my remarks, [ made this tozat the tonst of the morning. (A laugh ) ‘It would not, however, be respociful to this assembly, if T did not offer s very few words on the present momentous crisis. Inave reco witbin the last few days in a public journal potoriously the echo of the opivions of our present Prime Minister—and what is perhaps more important, the echo algo of the feelings of the French government —a deliberate article addressed tothe national pride of the people of England, telling them that ibeir country is de- graded, thatit bad become a power of secondary import ance owing to the conduct of the late Government, and all becauee in the extraordinary peace just wade Eoglaad has Dot been consulted. Now, as ove who was recently rea- ponsible for the direction ef public affairs, I congratulate you to night that the Ministors of Kagisad had nothiag to do with that peace. (Cheers) It is plainly and uomis. takably tho act of the Emperor Napoleon and the Empe- ror of Austria, and nothing ¢cae by the government of this countryjcan have had anything to do with tbe adoption of the convention. Consider what'would Lave been our po- sition if we could bave been involved as parties to that errangemett. The ssme jouraal to which T have alluded, and the speech cf the noble viscoust who inspires it, urged thet we should have taken part in what they cail the emancipstion of Itsly, and not have permitted France to strike alone, Well, if we bad interfered, it raust bave been by sea, and if our fleet had been added to that of Fraves how would it have been employed ? Ia bombarding the beautiful city of Venice, aad des- troyirg its marble palaces! and for every Austrian killed by our shot a doz-n Itaitans would have beon rnin, But, even if we bad joined in these operations, and tbere was to have been an armistice, do you think that we should have been consulted any more than the King of Sar- dinia, wbo, as far ag we know, after all the achivements |‘ of his army in the field, was loft in blissful ignorance of the overtures going on between his ally and his eaemy—~ (cheers and g iaugb)—vntil he was informed thut hostill- ties were at an end, Our Admiral in the Adriatic would have ruddenly seen @ boat aporoach hia ship, bearing a flag of truce, and a French officer would nave stepped on Dourd to tell bim that as soon as he pleased he migat ro- ail happiness and peace to Portsmouth. (Cheers ghter.) ‘Tbat would bave been our position if wa ‘nad joined in this war, to judge from the way in which the Principal actor in the drama bas dealt towards his coad- jutors. The government which carefully kept this coua- try neutral bas been expelled from oflice, but though its foreign policy was condemned, the present Prime Minister has undertaken to follow the course which it had ‘ chalk. ed out.” I do not feel much confidence in this assurance. “Chalk” {sa crumbting substance, and there is somo- thing perishable in the word. (A laugh.) I trust tne members of the House of Commons, if I may resoectfully advise them, wiil diligentiy watch durivg toe rest of the seesion, to see whetber the lines wehave traced are not effaced’ by the foorsteps ot our successors. (Cneors ) There is a neutrality in peace as well as in war, and at this moment the utmost vigilance is needed to insure that that neutrality shall be adhered to. 1 look with some apprehen- aton to a poesible Cougress. I even approached the Conference which I did my utmost to ontain with considerable diffidenace, and I may say dislike. But then it was @ question of sparing mankind the torrents of ‘blood which have ince been shed; aud for such an object the end might have justified the means, Bot now tne situation is greatiy changed. Fogiand having ia my opinion rightly abstained from meddling in so iniquiteus a war, ought equaliy to avold meddiing in the conye- quences of what Zmust call this most unsatisfactory peace. (Cheers.) We bave bad Congreesea and conferences Jately, and they attempted to wettie things with woich we bao rotbing to do. It was eought to give a reform bill to a people of whom we know nothing—the Moldavians and Wallachiavs—and what ia the result? A mystery aad s riddle to the politicians of Europe. Let us avoid giving reform bilis to the ‘tes of Italy—Roman Catholic na- tions, whose ways are pot ouré—for the more we inter- fore in matiera that interest other States, but do not con- cern us, the more are we likely to involve ourselves in mextricuble difficulties. (Cheers ) The ‘Health of the Chairman” having been proposed by the Karl of Derby, and drunk with great appiause, the company separated after midnight. OPINIONS OF THE PARIS PRESS. [Fro the Paris Univers (church organ), Jaly 15.] * ‘The retirement of this Minister (Cavour), who for so meny years kept Piedmont in couilict with Romo, and who, in these latter times, actively fomented the iosur- rection of Bologna, will be received with joy by all weil toinking persona. "M. Cavour can, however, console him. felt with the regrete of ihe revolutiouists. His Tesigna- oa sbows better than avything that could have* bern said what is the real object and bearing of the treaty of peace concluded between the Emperor of the French and the Eraperor of Austria. To do justice to M. Cavour, it tmouet be said that he played nis part to the end with mar. vellous obstinacy, a8 the following are the terms in which he denounced the suspention of arms to his agents in Tuscany:—‘‘To the Royal Commissioner at Florence:— The King, in making known the armistice, which is pure- ly military, concinded to the 16th August, recommends and earnestly prays that energetic measures may be adopted for increasing the army.” [From the Paris Patric, July 15.] * * No one is more bappy than we are atthe return of peace. If it does not realize allfthat we expected it disap- points many ‘ications which from the first we con- tradicted, and we admit that itdocs much for ths noble caure of Italian independence, We are mong thore who could have wished t> see Venetia, as weil as Lombardy, delivered from Austria; Venics, which thrilled with the same hopes as Milan on reeing the French flag in the Adriatic, also deserved to be restored to the natural con- oition of her national existence. But on that point the preliminaries of peace signed at Villafranca do not go 80 far as our wishes and our hot However, wo admit that the situation of Venetia it to be completely changed; instead of an Austrian province, which she war, she becomen, according to the prociamation of the Empe- an Italian one under the sceptre of Austria. It Is well understood that aa such she will receive a special constitution. But if Venetia does not recover her absolute independence, she makes part of the new Confederation, pln will extend from the Alps to the Adriatic, and to icily. Only two days ago the Univers declared that the forma- tion of an Italian Confederation, into which the Pope *honl1 enter, was completely impossible; it declared that the Pope was not an Italian prince, and that he would never join a confederation which could modify the exer- cise of his power. That opinion has, however, 4 striking contradiction, and that joarnal has since ad- mittea with good grace that it has beon beaten on that point. Now, if that journal is beaten, litera! ideas tri umpb, Thus, though the evident result of the prelimina- ries of signed at Villafrance will be to replace in the Italian duebies the princes who retired before the Itallan movement, they will not re enler their States as Austrian princes nor as absolute those respects it may be said that their reign is finished. A confederation necesvarily implies for them, as for the Pope hs , Liberal institutions, oy with that the Emperor announces this in his proclamations deheequently, at Rome and in the duchies of Tuscany and Modens, the Italian populations are no » longer to be subjected to princes who are protected against public opinion by foreign troops. They wili re-enter into of thomeelves with regular governments and a national army. This is quite a new situation for Italy— abe was dead and ts now about to live. [Paris (July 16) correspondence of the London bell As no mention is made of Parma in the preliminaries ‘pence, it is to be log then that tho duchy is wo fall to Sar- dinia, but it would be tho height of injustice to take from ‘the Duchess Louise a country whicon she governed so wisely and 80 |. With the exception of afew Mazzi. iets and Philo-Sardiniang, the inhabitants of Parma are more content than they are likely to be under the soceptre of Victor Emanuel, who is sure to levy far heavior taxes than the Parmagans bave been accustomed to pay. Since the Spanish war of succession (1701) Austria hae tort and regaincd Lombardy uo fewer thon twelve tines, COD | bef habitual influences, and all that | , of Jaly, 1869, eho lost It for the thirteenth & On the 1th ations juced palury effects la fret Ware of pry A carnage being Over, the and Constutionnes alone sang the miitary aud® civil us of Ube Emperor, and roes irgi ike eolog: ‘ap anction, ‘each other, The ayan of praise, hew. ever, has’ become more suboued; tuc Cimstrtutionnel ‘ee even obi! to enter into explapatioas, correct enovgt, 16 ie rebgeg rarely the result of the mugaillooay, Promise of May last. The Pasrte itacif, in > Sei |, Kept silense some days, faelapoetinmentcd dewpsteh standing alone fad Grate 5 iveriny, without a paragra( bi probation to warm it, Ei ow ius forced praise is moxt> No one is more bsppy taaa) Tf it does not resi wn &o, Ta fact, the fooling of reases instead of diminishing; i 1s curious that it is even amoung women than men So puzzled ure people to account for a denoudment 60 much out of proportion with the desiga, that the airangest motives aro assigned for it. They sitribute it to some ‘between the italian #ove: The. wae 143, published im) ot opera Cie, was at Parma and tn | paigtion or her crown weeks were over. Cavour bas aay ‘be his sense of humiltat remorse, He destroyed wita bw o: liberties of nis country a6 « preiminary avep te political bumiliation; and her independence new actually depends on the will of her ally. Ttis reported that Florence and other ‘wscany have protested against tbe peace, aud it the Pope ta refused the ‘honorary Presideacy” of the Italien Cam federation. Ina word, Italy, to liberate aad organin of its obligation to pri &3 5 which the war was undertsken, promises Co be soon ne worse slate of confusion than ever. NAPOLEONS ALLIANCES WITH AUSTRIA COUNT ARESE THE NEW SARDINIAN PRIME MINISTER. {From the London Times, July 18 } actor in the late war thinks it meceasary to apole gize \0 the world for the conditions of the peace. It something that even irresistible power go wid (eel som homage due to outraged fab. France @lis us tnst eb would not bave left that glorious work of reatering {aly free from toe Alps to the Adriutic Bo incomplete Wi sae ba not feared to draw on a geveral Europesa war. Ssrtivia while swalinwing ber humliation, covers her retreat (roa the ecene with accent promises a8 to bow nae Will use th? gaips soe bas acquired. Austria, more frank, deciare tbat she bas ceased to war with tue Emperor of th French because sbe bos ditcovered taat us is nor bes friend. “Tbe mevistion of natural federal allies promiao Jess favorable conditions than a direct uudersaadiug ! ‘Tais means that of cll he Powers of Europe, Nupol-on 11) al:me would acquiesce tn Austria relaining Vertia and rn storing the Agchdukes. Eox!aod's opivioa Upoa t could pot be mistaken ; Prossia, noiwithetaading Daire” euch, would give go sauct Ausirien interference in Tuly. Evea Ra sia, engaged in manumitting bor erfs avd in dovel | resources, Could not, deapotic as y to the ecandal of Avatrian tyranny i> 's friends were resdy to pronatnco hep in ihe wrong, Her only sympathizers were vn be found in camp of her enemy Tt was the chsmpion of Hattan upit' and Jtaiiap liberty, it was the hope and stay of Italian pa triots and Aupgarian exiles, it was the enemy woo in th” name of freecom bad struck her down that raized be from the earth and gave her back that rod of tron. Aas tria bad been Icoking to England, to Gormany, to Russie for aesietance agaivet France, and in tbe moment of he’ need she found that France was the only Power waic realy meant what she meant The Emperor of Austri, found out tnia great truth while discussing bis break fast with the Emperor Napoleon, and he will: mot forgt* ‘if those new struggles ensue to which he so significantly @ ludes in his address to his seldiers, Bowever cruelly Austria’s now intimate ally may dashed the hopes of his Engiisb and Italian admirers, & has up to this time loyally kept faith with bis new friexs If there was one feeling stronger than another in the Au trisu breast, it must have been hatred of Sediaia, | was e batred in which contempt eutered suflicientiy incrense its bitterness without diminishing its intensity Napoleon has gratified this passion to an extent the cught to appevse even Fravcis Jesepu. When Walp) acd Pulteney had been raised to the peerage, Walpo? said to bis old oppovent the Gret time they met in tt Bouse of Lords—*'You anc 1, my Lord Bath, are now th two moat insignideant men ip Eng'and.’’ It was not tre, of Walpole, but it was undoubtedly trae of Pulteney Francis Joceph might addrest a similar phrase to the a grandivea King of Piedmont and Lombardy Visto Smanuel was a constitotional king, © governio with a constitutional minister, and uniing himee'f all the patriotic sffections of the who talan race. He is now become the humb! dependent of the Emperor of the French. He is poste and proclaimed a3 such in the Kmperor’s address to he army. He is renounced and Ciscarded by Cavour and a who thought that, when they were serving Vict Emenuel, they were workiog out the freedom of Ital} ‘To compiete h's public humiliation Napoleon III, hag no? given bim one of hia owa followers to be his minister + the place of Cavour. Count Arese is a man against who! Austria could have nought to urge, She might herse have appointed bim to Tuscany or to Modena if either « the Grand Dukes bad failed her. Arese has been, during long life, the intimate friend of Louis Napoleon, was with him in America in his young days of « venture, Ho was with him throughout all campaign, and in order thet he might have | proper pretext for being constantly in the compart of the Emperor, he held tbe official position of Sardi Commigsoner with the French army. Arese, moreover, a , and not a Piedmomiee. He has vo em! essing antecedents of a constitutional charactor. Coubtiees understands the most effective mans of dealis ‘with those Italian patriots who are now cuffing and peltir the newsvenders for crying through the streets of the Lor Lard cities the conditions of this glorious peace. Austria must bope that the good humor of har new prc tector will endure, Other questions must soon ari which were probably not fully discussed at that friend’ breakfast party. We can understand that the logses | the two armies and similar topics might readily pe aside. “If you want to make an omelet,” the French proverb, “you must not mind brea ing the eggs.’ but there are omeleta yet to B made, and it is not quite cloar how the eg are to be laid wherewith to make them We now told that Europe ie not to be in any way consult upon these matters, that Austria ana France will meet} Zurich to settle the terms of peace, and that Sa dinia—being, we suppose, now quite tractable under guidance of Arese—is to be admitted to the conference. ¥ are no advocates fora Congress We are glad to escape fro’ 80 entargiipg and 80 unestisfactory a task ax that of givik effect to Louis Napoleon’s great scheme of consolidaut despotiem in the Italian peninsula, But it occura tot that there are some questions to be settled by this Zuric Conference which will transcend the powers of the parti! to the treaty of Viliafranca. Those two Archdakes are\ be carried back again to Modena and to Fiorene Who ig to do it? The army of the “Italian Co: federation?” The Confederation itself is not yet being. When it shall come into existence, of wh’ wil its army consiat? If of contingents from ‘the Italit States, then the army will of course be Italian, B in that case will Italian troops act precisely as Austria Emperor ani as Tuscapy'’s and Modena’s Grand Duke Would desire them to act? These two excallent gov reigns were 80 ill advised as to rush away {ito the Auatri+ camp, instead of acting with the wirdom of that prader and clear-sighted Princess who took a veutral position ; Switzerland, and refused to seek an asylum with tho eu mies of her subjects. It is much to be feared th. Italian troops would bardiy serve those Grand Duke freeb from the Austrian camp, as a very trusty bot guard. We are informed also that deputations from Ta cany and Modena are already upon the print of settiy forth for Paris to proteat againat this violent restoratis’ and to remonstrate with the Emperor, who, after ¢ couraging the people to rise, is now about to repiace thé under the yoke of their enraged masters. Nothii but violence can come of this, unless Tuscany at Modena are to be kept quiet as Romo isnow ke quiet. We might ask aleo whether it was arrang/ bow the neutral States of Italy are to be made met bers of the Confederation. What right have the three Po ers assembled at Zurich to be gy 3 of the a le of Rom ill Naples a0 i Naples, Tuscany, Parma and. Modena? mit, and, if not, who shail force her? Is Rome 80 retdi If she is sincere in her promise to introduce into ner pa lic nwa end administration reforms conformable to tt apirit of the time, she has awakened to the new conditio: under which every government must in this age hold i power. It by this phrase she means @ restoration of t! Constitutional: ite of Hungary, & more equitabie gover ment in ber own dominions, ‘and a frank accep ‘anc ; of new order of things in Ivaly, then may gain atreng ip the sympathies of Europe, she may escape fom b present state of dependency upoa a man whom ao one h ot trusted with impunity, aod Europe may enjoy psac But if these are mere words witnout intention, then tr ts something in her that ‘new stru gles may ensue,” and evenis wil in all provability justi the first impression created by the pubitcation of th Le coma a enaei natal. intention that it shou COUNT CAVOUR'S RESIGNATION—HIS OFF ea ANTECEDENTS AND PRESENT POS [From the London News (revolutionary organ) July 1f ‘The resignation of Coun Cavour at the eet critic juncture of Italian affairs is an act the necessity of whi: all trae lovers of wise and temperate progress mu deeply regret. Yet there will bardly be founi, we av pect, one amongst them to question the propriety snd di nity of the step. For sevea years that illustrious state men has been emphatically the hops of his countr Balbo, and Gioberti, avd Massimo d’azegito, each int turn, played his part usefully and well, and Piodmont notforgeiful or ungrateful, Bat withoat any disparag ment to their respective merits and virtues, must be owned that Count Cavour was tho fr constitutional Minister in Ivaly who saccessfally @ terted 1m his own person avd character the claim his country to be heard asa free oqual in the com of Europe. The courageous counsel given by him King aod Parliament to join Fraoce and England int Crimean war, and the not less courageous voice of 1 monetrance raised by him in the Congress of Paris on t state of Italy cannot be effaced from the memories men. Whether approving or disay ng of his fe sighted daring and disciplined enthusiasm for the eman pation of his race, every generous mind on this side the Alps, or on the other, bas learned to regard tt remarkable man as the potent impersonation of | that is most hopeful and most worthy of admirati and trust fu Italy, That such a man shouid for a! it purpose, or any expediency of the hour, tarnished or compromised, would be an immitigabie ev Errors any man may commit without losing pormane reputation. Faults of temper or discretion every m of strong, earnest, vehement nature is, liable fall into, The world Inughs at the biundor, »