The New York Herald Newspaper, August 1, 1859, Page 4

el 4 NEW YORK HERALD. —_——_————- JAMES GORDON BESAET®, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. as Pace 2 OFFION N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS and most of the corner liquor saloons were appa- rently shut up. Nota single arrest for dranken- ness was reported by the police yesterday at the Tombs, where more persons are usually com- mitted to prison on Sunday than on any other day of the week, A large and enthusiastic mass meeting, in oppo- NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 1859 terres ensssnenssfesrnen Psst ssssenernentasenesmsstiisihisi es Sv ecessful there will be cause for a new agitation among the Southern democracy in. reference to the Charleston Convention. Mr. Buchanan, in bis letter from B-dford Springs to Mr. McCandless, of Pitteburgh, which we published yesterday, saye:—“ My determina hibiting th tion, rot, under any circumstances, to become a FERS, cash tn advance Money sont by mal will be at the sition to the law prohibiting the running of railroad ” ” wah of the wonder damee nit received as Mle DAILY HERALD. two TUE WEEKLY HERALD. woody! ‘he Ra $3. ver annum; the Burepean rf OFM cents por copy, Bt per annum W any part of Creat Bratabe, we goiouny part of the Continent both to include te er Mjoenta edition on the 8th snd 300 of sack ‘af obe conde Won. or 8! BA per annum. ee OP TRRALD. on Wedneeday, at four conte per ORY PETTY “RRESPONDENCE, containing tmportant soleited from any 1 used, will be for dar oh. ICR taken of anonymous corresponaence. We do not ied. commuunicasions AMUSEMENTS THI# EVENING, NIBLO'A GARDEN, Broadway.—BvOLurions ON THE TIGHT Bors—Bosrgt Macaen. BOWKAY THBA’ ‘Wise ton wisu—br: Rowery —WaAtLace—Warr OF THB xCRETS. cars on Sunday, was held io Philadelphia on Satar- day evening. Sectarian bigotry and religious into- lerance were warmly denounced, as was also the decision of the Supreme Court, in its construction of the law regulating Sunday travel. A full report will be found elsewhere. Virginia Stewart was slightly worse at the City Hospital last night. Her condition, however, was not such as to indicate a very speedy release from her sufferings by death. Here is a remarkable case for the doctors to practise on. The August term of the General Segsions opens this morning—Recorder Barnard presiding. It is probable that the Court will not remain in session over a week, as no bail cases will be tried—only charges of larceny and burglary. There is a promise that the City Hall will soon present a more decent appearance than it does now. Plans for repairing the building were on caudidate for re-election, is floal aud conclusive. My best judgment and strong iaclinstion unite ia favor of this course;” aad he further says that any doubts upon the subject are caloulated to aflord “a pretext” for sayiog that the measures of his administration “have been dictated from a desire to be re-nominated.” These frank and earnest aesurapces leave not a peg to hang a doubt upon. Thus, while Mr. Bachaoan fs right in relieving himself of any ground of suspicioa in the premises, he leaves the democracy every- where pertecily free to take their own course for this man, that map, or the other. These Southern August elections, in view of thege repeated declarations from Mr. Buchanan that he is not candidate for the next Presi- ency, will be conducted upon other issues ; WALLAGK’S THEATRE, Srosdway—Yaxxua Hovse- | Saturday presented to the Street Commissioner and | but, if the reeults do not convince the weeren- Laws NATIONAL THEATRES, Chatham etrect.—Oxivex Twist— Lakpoaap Fix. BARNUMS AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—-After- noon and Byentug—Wrauan. ram WixekD. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 861 and 563 Broadway— Broioriam soxcs, Dances, 40 —Bapouur Azans. BRYANT’S MINSTRELS, Mechanios’ Hall, 472 Broadway. Buxtasqvas, Sonos, Dances, 40.—Dixis's Lano. PALACE GARDEN AND TALL, Fourteenth street.— ‘Vooat amp Lxetaumeatat Joxcant. Hew York, Monday, Augast 1, 1858 The News. The steamship Kangaroo, from Liverpool on the ‘20th and Queenstown on the 2lst ultimo, was ‘boarded off Cape Race on the evening of the 29th ultimo by the news yacht of the Associated Press. ‘The Kangaroo has one hundred and ninety-five pas- sengers and a large cargo for this city. The dates from Liverpool and London by the Kangaroo are to noon of the 2lst ultimo, by telegraph to Queenstown one day later. The Peace Conference ‘was to meet in about ten days at Zurich. France would be represented in the Conference by M. Bourqueney, and Austria by Count Colmaredo. The Bombay mail of June 23 had been telegraphed, but ‘the news was of little moment. The closing price of rentes was 68f. at the Paris Bourse on the 20th. Consols were quoted at London at noon on the 2ist at 95495 for money and account, with a dull market. A better tone prevailed in the Liver- pool cotton market at noon of the 2ist. The mar- ket was steady, and the sales estimated at 7,000 bales. The market for breadstutfs was quiet, with unimportant sales. Provisions were dull, as also spirits ot turpentine, which sold at 35s. a 35s. 3d. Other articles about the same as previously reported. The steamship Northern Light, Captain Tinkle- paugh, which left Aspinwall on the 23d of July, ar- rived at this port early yesterday morning, with specie and six hundred passengers from California. Owing to the detention of the steamer Cortes on the Pacific side, the Northern Light did not leave Aspinwall until the evening of the 23d ultimo. Amongst the passengers by the Northern Light are General Lamar, United States Minister to Nica- ragua; Mr. Wells, Secretary to the General; Ma- nuel M. Mallerino, ex-President of New Granada; approved. Proposals for bids to do the work will be immediately advertised. The Street Commis- sioner says he will have the work completed by the lst of October. There was paid into the Croton Aqueduct De- partment on Saturday, in payment of water taxes, $50,643 11—the largest amount that has ever been paid in one day since Croton water came to be a taxable commodity. The total receipts for the week were $142,928 85. On all the year’s taxes re- maining unpaid, five per cent is to be added. There was a sparring exhibition at the National theatre on Saturday evening, for the benefit of Fat- ty Walsh, who is in training for a prize fight with Norton on the 9th inst. The affair is reported in another colomn. Among our correspondence this morning will be found some interesting letters from places of sum- mer resort. ‘The foreign news received by the Ocean Queen and ‘Anglo-Saxon exercised « depressing influence on Saturday on the cotton market, which fell off (0. per Ib., and in some cages as much as ic. per Ib. was claimed. Tho tales embraced 1,000 bales, closing on the basis for mid. dling uplands, at 12%¢0. a 123¢c. par Ib. The reaction in Liverpool was anticipated to tho extent of 1-16d. by the Europa, yet it was hardly expected to recede as much as 344. as reported on some grades, by the intelligence of yesterday. The holders, however, were not pressing sales, and the transactions at the concession had been light. Good low and medium grades of flour were firmer and closed at higher rates, while other qualitics were unchanged. Wheat was firm and clesed higher for good to prime lots, while common and inferior Grades were dull and neglected. Gorn was hoavy, with a tendency to lower prices, while sales were light. Pork was heavy for mess and better for Prime, with sales of the former at $15 25, and of the latter at $1081 010874; clear was at $18. Beef and lard exhibited rather more steadiness. Sugars were in fair demand, the chief trans- actions having embraced Cuba refining goods, with seme New Orieans and a smaX lot of Porto Rico; the sales footed ‘up about 1,300 hdds. and 6C0 boxes, the latter for export. Cofiee was steady; the chief sales comprised 2,600 bags Laguayra and 1,800 Jamaica on private terme. Freight engagements were light and rates unchanged. To Liver- Pool some 350 bales of cotton were taken at 3-164. The Southern August Elections—The Oppo- sition and the Democracy. During the present week elections of more or lees importance will come off in six Southern States, to wit: In Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri {' Southera democracy of the policy of sticking to his administration, we shall be somewhat mis- taken. We know that the black republicans desire such a succession of defeats to the new Southern opposition movements, from Kentucky to Texas, as will leave no choice to the Northern opposition conservatives but one side or the other of a sectional contest; but we expect that Ken- tucky and Texas to-day, and North Carolina on Thursday, will do something conclusively in fa- vor of a great third party for 1860. The resulta of these elections of the next four days will go very far to confirm or destroy the sectional cal- culations of W. H. Seward, Stephen A. Douglas and Henry A. Wise. Our Missions to Mexico and Central America— ‘The Lesson Ten Years of History Teach. The history of our diplomatic intercourse with Mexico and Central America has been, with few exceptions, a continued history of diplomatic failures. For some reason or other the public men of those republics seem always to get the best of the argument, whether they have reason on their side or not, in the sundry little spirts of diplomatic discussion which occasionally come up between them and our representatives. What may be the causes that lead to this state of things it is difficult to determine. Our Minis- ters usually come home in that state of mind known by the expressive word disgust; and al- most in every instance they complain that the government has not sufficiently supported them in their labors to advance the glory of the great American name, and the interests of our free and enlightened citizens. On the other hand, the im- pression generally prevails in the official circles at Washington that the Minister, in any given case, has not exactly understood the duties and position he was sent to fill; that he has advanced somo extraordinary and highfalutin doctrine, which comes in excellently in a stump speech, but is rather out of place in a diplomatic despatch; and that, in fact, he has made a fool of himself. The consequence is, that the gentle- men are generally allewed to retire to their na- John 8. Stephenson and Charles S.E. Jones, bearers | 80d Texas to-day; and in Tennessee and North itive ‘obscurity, much to: thelr own discontent; of despatches for Washington from the United States Legations in Chile and New Granada. One hundred of the passengers of the Northern county officers, but the calendar in the other Light were in the second cabin, and four hundred in the steerage. By the Northern Light we have news from New Granada dated at Panama and Aspinwall on the 234 of July. The Chiriqui cemeteries gold excite- ment was very intense on the Isthmus, and it was said that a great number of valuable images were taken out. Fifty “grave diggers,” as they are termed, had left Panama for Chiriqui in one vessel, and two other vessels were advertised for the same destination. One man had got a gold hat, and another a fillet for the head. There was nothing else of interest on the Isthmus. Every precaution ‘was taken to insure the trial of Williams for the murder of Captain Otis. At Granada, at late dates, the weather continued Bhowery and generally favorable to the planters, The sugar crop was nearly finished, and was ex- pected to be a little over six thousand hogsheads, of which the exports to the 25th of June were equal to 5,077. “The severe drought last year,” the Chronicle remarks, “told fearfully on the canes, As regards the prospects for next year, all is as yet encouraging.” The news from the South Pacific is dated at Val- paraiso the Ist, and Callao and Lima the 13th of July. There is no news of interest from Bolivia. The Chilean Congress was engaged with the con- sideration of laws for the regulation of the issue of paper money, army promotions, and an increase of pay for generals of division, &c. The Arch- bishop of Santiago was on his way to Europe for the benefit of his health and to pay a visit to the Pope. The town of Ancud was laid waste by a fire, which consumed the cathedral, archives, and one hundred and fifty-four dwelling houses. The loss is estimated at $450,000. Peru was daily ex- pected to declare war against Ecuador, and Bo- Carolina on Thursday. In Missouri the election | 904 2s it seldom happens that any of them arrive is.limited to members of the Legiclature and | % the Socratic:'degree of knowing themselves, and thus becoming aware ‘of their incapacity, five States comprekends a Governor, State ie parca aan oa brn me ticket,:and members of Congress. Thellist of the | 80¢ on government at eet. Gubernatorial and Congressional candidates in- | The public interests somehow manage to survive volved was published in yesterday’s Hmxatp. thie lose, but they are sometimes damaged by Our present object, in this connection, is a brief the letter-writing. fever which not unfrequeetly review of the Southern political field: in refe- | takes possession of the retired gentlemen, in rence to the next Presideney, whiok they divulge important secrets which have All things considered, the general results of | >cet-imparted to them in their: official: capacity. the Virginia election in Mey were suck as to in- Of this class-of diplomatists Hon. John For- spire the opposition in these old whig States of syth, of Mobile, Alabama, is a type. Mr. Forsyth Kentucky and ‘Tennessee with a high degree of has tle misfortuae to be the son of a celebrated confidence, and accordingly, they have con- | ™a0 who was ‘he friend of General Jackson, ducted this cawvass in both these States-with | 90d the father’s reputation would pale the capa- great animation. In Tennessee, particularly, city cf the son in any event; when the two-are the opposition Lave exhibited a degree of activity | Contrested, the abilities of the younger Forsyth and enthusiasm. -without a precedent since their | Present very diminished appearance. To this grand universa’ carnival of 1840, and they. are must be added that he had the misfortune to-be confident of a victory on Thursday which will selected to represent in Mexico the administra- astonish the Scuthern democracy and the black | tion of poor Pisree, and as the world-generalty republicans, The general result in Tennessee, | believes that “birds of a feather flock together,” however, may te materially affected one wey or | Mr. Forsyth was readily aceepted as having very the other by th results of this day's election in | little in him. Subsequent events have shown Kentucky. Bri here we find the contesting | that he really did possess a good deal of malice, parties 20 ine:gplicably mixed up, confused and | With no small-share of ingratitude. When he confounded, om squatter sovereignty, Congres- sional protectian of slavery, d&c., that it would be folly to attenapt any definite prediction of the consequences. We are hardly prepared for an opposition vic- tory in Kentucky, but including said State and Tennes¢ee, North Carolina and Texas, we do an- ticipate such general results as will encourage the Southern opposition elements to prepare to take the feld for 1860 as an independent organi- entered.upon this mission the antecedents of the post were not.very brilliant, and consequently his owm propostions did not saffer by that con- trast. ‘ Since the war with Mexico—we need not go further back te show the chazacter of our diplo- matic intercourse with that republie—Mr. For- syth had boen preceded by two Ministers. Mr. Letcher, Gwzing bis incurabency, kept up admi- rably the social character which has gained for livia was also threatened. The Cuzco revolutionists zation. In this connection our attention is | him, in Kentucky, the nickname of “glorious had submitted, and the country was, for the mo- ment, quiet. The guano trade was very light in June. The United States ship Merrimac had left Callar for] ma. An American bark from Baltimore, and anish ship, had been refused entrance into the ( aquil river by the blockading squadron of Pen foreno’s revolution against Robles had faile oO »xbadoes correspondent, writing on the th * «ly, says:—The excitement which existed In th: sinc Btate. ue war in Europe, and speculators coming into n. ‘et, has entirely subsided, and the market is ata stand. The stock of meal and flour is ade- quate to the demand, but mostly in the hands of speculators. Crackers, brown bread, cheese, corn, black eyed and Canada peas, pork and Carolina rice are in light stock and will readily command quotations. Codfish is in supply at 4 80. Macks. rel wanted. There is no demand for white pine lumber. The last sale was at $18 10 fora superior cargo of Bangor, but this price cannot now be ob tained. A considerable quantity of sugar still re- mains for shipment, and a few estates have not yet Ainisbed grinding. Owing to favorable weather for reaping, the crop willbe much larger than antici- pated at an early day—say 39,000 to 40,000 hhds. A few sales are being made at $350 a $3 25, as to qna- lity, but the demand is very limited. Molasses was in active demand ten days since at 13 cents, The and the prospect for one of the largest crops ever reaped could not be more flattering. ‘The health of the island was never better. It appears froma despatch laid before the Honce of Assembly from the Administrator of the general government at Barbados, that the Lords Commis. sioners of the Admiralty had intimated to the Sec. retary of State for the Colonies “their intention of calling upon the officer commanding the Jasper for especially drawn to this day’s election in Texas, and to. the sharply defined battle there made against the Southern ultras or fireeaters by the corservative elements ¢{ all parties eupport- 3 Dim. Vv Toe Know Nothing party having died out, there is no regular opposition party in Texas; Wut there is a splitin the democratic party, and thas the matter stands. The regular democratic slave trade, General Sam Houston, and a num. ber of other heretofore prominent democratic leaders, believing that this slave trade issue would be smuggled into the canvass, called another convention, and emphatically repudiated the project of reopening this infamous African traffic, and made the corner stone of that plat- form opposition to this thing. Bearing in mind the existence in Texas of a large German popu- among her other settlers on the subject of ala- very, we may hope that Old San Jacinto has the Bob,” and was never accused of anything more harsh than letting somebody else be the. real Minister, while he kept his legs under certain or San Lorenzo, and the Saranac had left | that. old. war-horee General Sam Houston, and | very excellent mahogany. Mr. Gadsden went a good deal further than Gov. Letcher. He would not let any one else be Minister, and did not know how to be one himself He made a treaty with Santa Anna, who cheated him awfally, and then getting angry at being bamboozled, he opened and kept up a correspondence with sadstuff and provision market some time | O'ganization having refused to expressan opinion | the revolutionists that rose against Santa wed by news of an advance in the United | on the question of the revival of the African | Anna. When the revolutionists succeeded, he showed an indecent haste to recognise the new government, then quarrelled with it, was called home, would not resign, and becamo excessively angry that another was appointed in his place. With these antecedents Mr. Forsyth entered upon his mission, His great ambition was to make a treaty that should be inscribed in the rls of hiscountry. The failures of his prede- cersors were no teachings to him. Trist’s unwise lation, and of a strong conservative sentiment treaty of peace, Letcher’s failure in the Tehuan- tepec negotiations, Gadsden’s purchase of a route to the Pacific, with the route omitted, were noth- enemy upon the bip again, and is ina fair way | ing to him. They failed through their own want to another victory and a greater than that of | of skill. In his own view he could, and he did, San Jacinto. To strengthen this view of the case, we refer accomplish great things, Ho made, not one treaty, but five. He sent them home in the fall- the reader to an editorial on “Texas and Sam | neeg of triumph, At the same time information weather is varied, with alternate showers and sun, | Houston” from the New Orleans Picayune, which | was sent to us that he had accomplished some- will be found in another part of this paper. We thus find the General, who in his day was one of the most devoted and steadfast supporters of General Jackson, all right again. Aban- doning the heresies of Know Nothingism, end repudiating the humbug of equatter sovereignty, General Houston is equally bold in denouncing the Southern African slave thing great, and we hoped they would be accep- ted. When they came to be examined it was found they were not even fit to be submitted to discussion in the Senate, and out of consideration for the negotiator Mr. Buchanan withheld them from public view, This angered the Hon, Johu Forsyth, but still he held on to his office, The Comonfort govern- ‘an explanation of the circumstanees of the riot at | Aders, fire-caters and secessionists, and equally | ment was overthrown, and the Pricsts came into St. Vincent, caused by a portion of the crew of that gunboat in January last.” Amore general observance of the Liquor law was remarked yesterday than on provious Suzdays, Many of the principal hotels kept their bars closed, nk and explicit in saipporting, as 8 Prion man, the safe and reliable administration of Mr. Bu- | Power in Mexico. Knowing the amiable Minis- ter’s weakness, they baited a hook with a treaty; eae We shall look, therefore, with more | he Jomped at it, and was caught, Ths was all than ordinary interest, for the results of this | the pricets desired Mr Forsyth, a the Amorl- apy ¢ election ip Texas, and ehould Fouston be can Minister, had recognized their puppet gov- ernmcot, and baving nothing moro to grant, why chould they give bim a bona Jide treaty? Not they. This apgered the amiable Minister still more, He quarrelled with them; he went to Tacubaya, aud helped the constitationalists to bide certain gold and silver church ornaments ; be closed his legation as a punishment to the priests, aud came home in disgust. But not to rerign. Finding the President would not send him back to repeat bis follies, he wrote to him a |. og letter, which he has sloce told the public that Mr. Buchanan returned, with the simple en- doreement, ‘disrespec‘ful, ungrateful and grossly absurd.” Mr. Forsyth ratified the judgment of the President by ehowing that be had not the dircrction to keep this aud ‘Le secrets of his office | to himself, but must publish them in a letter to | the public. Badly as ovr Mexican mission has been ma- neged, that to Central America has been no oetter, It was raised to the grade of a mission in 1861, and Mr. Kerr was appointed as Minister. We have never heard that he did anything. After him came Hon. Solon Borland, who was seut there from his seat in the Senate to make room tor Senator Johnson, of Arkansas. Mr. Borland wrote many letters, got disgusted, and came home, hooting a negro boatmanon the way, probably for éclat, This led to the Greytown bombard- ment by poor Pierce and Captain Hollins; and then came Mr. Minister Wheeler. He commenced with a fuss in Philadelphia about bis niggers, went out to Nicaragua, recognized Walker, was called home, would not resign, and so was turn- ed out, to make way for Gen. Lamar. His mis- sion does not yet belong to history, and so we forbear to touch upon it. We will only say that he, too, comes home in disgust. The Pre sident recently tendered this mission to Hon. D. M. Barringer, who wears modestly the honors he so well won in Spain at the time when that mission was harrassed with the prisoners of the Lopez Cuba expedition. Mr. Barringer declined it, for he saw too plainly that this post is little more than political death for any public man. Such is the history of ten years in the Mexican and Central American missions from this country. It will continue to be repeated in the future as long as the present pernicious system of appoint- ment prevaile—of finding places to suit men, in- stead of men to suit the places. The Peace of Villatranca—The Conference at Zarich. The steamship Kangaroo, which arrived at St. Jobns on Saturday, brought one day’s later news from Europe, which was published in the Herat of yesterday. The only really important item of intelligence she brought was the confirmation of the rumor that a peace conference wae to meet at Zurich in ten days to settle the future affairs of Italy. It is somewhat strange, however, that in com- municating this fact no mention is made of the participation of Sardinia in the Congress, We are informed that Count Colloredo is to repre- ent Austria, and Baron de Bourqueney France; but the representation of Sardinia is not named. And who are the parties representing France and Austria? ‘ The diplomat selected to represent Austria in the approaching cenference, Count Colloredo, is & member of one branch of the ancient and influ- ential family: of Princes of the Empire. The pro- genitors of the Colloredo-Mansfield branch were eminent soldiers, and served wit! great eclat at Lutzen, Culm and Leipsic, while the branch to which the present envoy belongs were more famous in the science of diplomacy. Baron de Bourqueney is an able diplomat, and has been employed in the service of the French government for over thirty years. It may be in- teresting to know that he made his début in diplomacy in this country, as Secretary of the French Legation at Washington, and was subse- quently Secretary to-Chateaubriand during his embassy to London. Subsequently he was made Minister to Constantinople, but since 1863 he has represonted the French Emperor at the Court ot Vienna, where he was accredited at the time the war broke out. He is thus well versed in the affairs of Austria. His relations with Baron Hubner, the Austrian Minister at Paris, were said to bo of such a close and friendly character that an eiliance with the Baron’s daughter was at one timo spoken of, At the Paris Conference of 1856 Baron de Bourqueney acted as the-colleague of Count Walewski, his extensive knowledge of Turkish affairs being his best recommendation for that post. In politics the Baron is an Orlean- ist, and was aa able contributor: to the Journal des Debats, chicfly on subjects relating to foreign politica, This news would seem to imply that Sardinia, who was % principal in the war, is to have no voice in the terms of the peace which follows, as it was reported by the Europa’s news: she would have; and if it be. so, such an arrange- ment must prove eminently distasteful to Italy. The Italians will doubtlees view the question in this Nght. They will say that Victor Emanuel entered upon the war to. drive the Austrians out of Italy, and with this intention obtained the aid of his powerful ally tho Emperor of the French. By the terms of the peace, they will§contend, Austrian dominion in Italy is aot abolished, and though Victor Emanuel has obtained pos- session of Lombardy, it may be questioned whether he should have accepted it, consider- ing that it was not surrendered to him by the Emperor of Austria, who did not seem die- posed to recognise him at all, but to Louis Napoleon, by whom it was magnanimously transferred to Sardinia. Whatever may be the result of the Zurich Con- ference, it is probable that it will be submitted, according to the usual practice, to the other leading Powers of Earope for their acquiescence: It may be that they will not approve of the terms agreed upon with regard to the cession of Lombardy to Sardinia, as o violation of the treaties of 1815; but it is not unlikely that they will offer no objection to the arrangement, be- cause the increase of territory does not make Sardinia a predominant Power in Italy. Even with the addition of Lombardy to Piedmont, the kingdom of Naples still retains the advantage over her in point of population among the Italian States, while the retention by Austria of the fortified frontier of Lombardy still farther re duces the influence of Sardinia in the peninsula Assuming that the terms agreed upon by the diplomatic representatives of the two empires should be demurred to by other leading Powers, it will be curious to observe the conflicting inte- rests which may enter into the future settlement of the Italian question, and the complications which eeom destined to grow out of it. That a secret understanding exists between France aad Russia is hardly doubted in the best informed quarters; thatthe consummation of peace was the result of what may perhaps be called a collu- sion between Louie Napoleon ant sep, under the preveuge yf cicumslange , earned with blood.” The meeting was:held in In- | Hall, in which the immortal Declaration was neither were equal or willing to confront, is al- most universally believed. Should avy difficulty arise, then, 900g the other Powers as to the r+cognition of the terms settled at Zurich, we may find the cousition of Prussia, amoag other things, creating sume opposing views oa the part of Russia and England . complicate still more the troubled state of affaira {0 Barope. If, then, Sardinia be excludes’ from the Con- grees a: Zurich, we way expect tw See tho dis- Satisfaction already expressed in Euro, ? as to are vach enough to “denounce ia the most um sparing Ssngusge those who resist the enfocoe- ment of the Sunday laws,” Not only is theve bo authority for their observ- ance of the old Jewish Sabbath, which was abro- gated by Christ, but St. Paul, in the secoud chap- ter of his Epistle to the Colossiaus, expressly cautions the Christians against allowing acy man to impose the Savvath opon them And this passage Bistop White pronounces decisive against the Sabbath being obligatory upua Chris- tre terms of peace become more widespsbad | tans. Archbishop Whately, Bishops Aylmer than before. The more the question is diecusss! | abd Warburton, Archdeacou Paley, avd many the more unpopular the peace seems to become | ether of the highest ecclesiastical authorities, ar outside of France. Even the London Pov, the | rive St the tome conclusion, Justia Martyr, organ of Lord Palmerston, so favorabi¢ to Louis | cue of thy Prlaitive Chrisiiaus, called “Fathers, Napoleon beretofore, is venturing to discuss the | says, in bis dialogue wita Trypho the Jow:— subject with evidences of distrust aud discon- | “You see the héavens are pot idle, nor do thes tent. It would seem that a diplomatic combina- | observe ‘he Suubuth, Iv, before Abraham, there tion is contemplated against Napoleon the Third | was no need of the Sabb.'th, 80 new in hke maa- on the same plan as the military combination | ner there is no need of it singe Christ.” Wheace was formed in Europe against bis uncle. But | it is evident that the Sabbath was then consid- the astonishing successes which have marked | ered by Christians as abolished. Who are Nor- the course of the French Emperor in the late | man White & Co., of the Sabbath Committe, campaign, and his brilliant coup diplomitigue at | and who are the Young Men’: Christian Associa. Villafranca, have given him the lead in Europe, | tion, and who are the Metropoiitan Inqwisitors @ position from which it may require a very | and their pious Pillebury, that they should at powerful combination indeed to displace him. tempt to impose this yoke of bondage upon the necks of the free citizens of New York? Lets meeting of the people be called immediately— citizens of all political creeds and all religious sects—and let a bold declaration of rights be set forth, and such strong measures adopted as are necessary to get rid of the whole code ef Sunday laws forever. The Sunday Laws and the People's Voice in Philadelphia. On Saturday evening « great and enthusiastic meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia was held in Independence Square, to denounce the Sunday restrictions and the decision of the Supreme Court, and to take measures to purge the statute book of all laws contravening the civil and reli- gious liberty of the people for one day out of seven. In another column the reader will find a report of the highly interesting proceed- ings. We are glad to see this noble spirit in the Quaker City founded by William Penn, whose opinions were entirely opposed to the fanatical intolerance which it is now attempted to put into operation against the great body of the people. The character of the city for reli- gious toleration and the memory of its founder, who gave his name to the State, are now, there- fore, vindicated. He was the only man, among all the founders of the colonies, who treated the red race'with justice and paid them the price of their lands—the only man who did not shed their blood—and the consequence was that not a drop of Quaker blood was ever shed by an In- dian. He gave the people a “Charter of Liber- ties,” signed with his own hand, and free reli- gious toleration was ordained, for one of its provisions ran:—“All oauses for irreligion shall be repressed, and no man shall be molested for his religious opinions.” After his"day the Puri- tanical spirit crept ia, which it is now the task of the people to root out. Bat that city has other historic memorials to remind its inhabitants of their rights, “cheaply Jubilees of the Abolitionistse—What Has Emancipation Done fur the West India Negroes? Our telegraphic and general news columns dar- ing the past week have informed the public that a saturnalia of jubilees and thanksgivings is, tm many parts of New England and in some places in this State, the order of today. As a nation, evjoying peace, plenty and general prosperity, we have at all times much to be thankful for, and our pans of praise to the great dispenser of good for His merciful protection over us are always in season. We have our special days of thanksgiving in every State of the Union, and our national holidays aleo, and many other days, are observed by different classes of our fellow citizens commemorative of events to them of special interest. The day on which St. George } killed the dragon, and that on which St. Patrick : banished from his adopted country the last enake h and toad—when our Sixth ward citizena perform that qnolent and interesting rite of “drowning the shamrock” —are, of course, solemn festivals. The event which evekes the laudate Dominum of many of our politically humane and philanthropic fellow citizens to-day occurred on the 1st of August, 1838, It was the emanol- pation of the megro slaves of the British West India Colonies—a subject of interest at this time in the United States—in the North as well. the South, The Britigh possessions: of the West Indies comprise the following dependencies, viz:— Auguilla,; Antigua, Barbadoes, Dominica, Gra- nada, Guiana, British Honduras, Jamaica, Mont_ serrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad and the Virgin Isles, all Treposing upon the bosom of: the Atlantic, and capable of yielding inexhaustible supplies of all the tropical products in our market, It may be questioned whether there be possessions on the earth’s surface more profitable to the labor of the-planter than the British West Indies would be were their productive soll fully culti- vated and their immense resources thoroughly developed. But one-twentieth of the resources of the West Indies, or of any one colony of them, never was, and, under existing circum- stances never will be, developed. It would be almost impossible to give the statistios of the West Indios; :but, ab» sno disce omnes, the statistics we give of one will apply to the whole. Jamaica, and Trinidad, and Guiana, and Antigua, were tolerably well cultivated thirty or forty years ago. The profits. of the West India planter, and the princely manner in. which he lived, gave rise to the saying, “as rich as a West India planter”—his heiress was the heroine of novel writers, and his very name was synony- mous with all that is comfortable and happy. ‘The West India planter of those days was rich. He invested his thousands in mills and machine- ry, and he cultivated his estate with pleasure and with profit, All around him was industry and prosperity; his slaves were cheerful: and satisfied, and he himself was the happiest of men. Bat. this happy and contented state of things was doa- tined.to be of short duration. The Wilberforces and Broughams of England made the pulpit and the platform to resound with appeals to the humanity of the English people, The West India slave must be made free; his freedom would stimulate him to increased indus- try, as the hope of reward sweetens labor; it would benefit himself and the country; but the planter, most of all, would be the gainer by it, | With the most plausible arguments, the people of England were made to believe that in freeing the West Indian slaves they were performing not only what they humanely thought to be a duty, but were doing a great service to the country also, and they cheerfully submitted to he taxed 80 a8 to raise the enormous sum of one hundred millions of dollars, the price of that liberty. Twenty-one years experience of West India negro freedom we have now before us to re- view. What has been its result? In 1828, ten years before the emancipation, the imports of England from the West Indies were £9,496,950, and in 1848, ten years after the emancipation, the imports were down ta £2,158,117. So much for the general imports Now look at the crops:—In Jamaica the sugar crop of 1828 was 100,000 hogsheads, and in 1848 it was only 29,165. In British Guiana the sugar crop of 1828 was 60,128 hogaheads, and in 1848 only 21,317. The cotton crop of British Guiana in 1828 was 4,111 bales, in 1848 its production was abandoned. The production of coffee in Jamaica in 1828 was 5,287,461 pounds, and in 1848 the cultivation of the article was aban- doned, At the present time more than three-fourths of the plantations of the West Indies are abandoned altogether, and the machinery that worked them elther sold into Cuba or corroded with rust in the tottering and dilapidated buildings which were once the busy'theatre of remunerative in- dustry and the pride of the hospitable planter. The estates not yet abandoned, what are they doing? They aro struggling hard to keep agoing at all, laden down with debts and mortgages, swelled into three times their value, the fore- closure of which would hardly pay the lawyer’s fees; but atill the poor hoping pra- prietor keeps going on, expecting better timea when the mutinous “eepoys” arrive, or a bateh of coolies or Chingee immigrants, or Africans, pur- ghaved and made freo, aro Imported; ox they ara dependence Square, infront ofold Independence signed, and whose bell rang out with joyous peals the glorious tidings whieh, in the spirit of prophe- cy, had been inscribed upon itself, “Proclaim liberty throughout the land, unto all the inhabi- tants th ‘i New York, too, has-historic recollections, and we hope the meeting in Philadelphia will be fol- lowed up by a similar meeting here. If the De- claration of Independence was signed on the banks of the Delaware, in the City of Brotherly Love, the first meeting of Congress under the constitution was held on the banks of the Hud- soa; in the island of Manhattan; and in the old City Hall, built on the-site on which the Custom House now stands, George Washington was in- augurated first President of the United States, New York has, therefore, historic antecedents to stimulate it to the vindieation of its Mberties, Being the Empire City, andthe centre of light from which civilization radiates all around, it ought to set an example to the reat of the Union. The free cities of the Middle Ages, maintaining their municipal rights: against their cppressors, preserved the vital ‘spark of liberty amidst the dozkness of despotism, and were the exemplars to fature States and confederations. of States. Municipal freedom is the foundation of all free- dom, and the present: question is one which is en- tively municipal. The regulations for a large city necessarily are, snd ought to be, aifferentfrom the general laws of a sparsely peopled State, and the citizens themselves are the best judges of the laws which suit them. Let New York, therefore, pronounce on this question, and insist that not a fragment of the vile tyranny shall be left which gives an opportunity. to Sabbath Committees and Young Men’s Christian Associa- tions and Motropolitan Inquisitors. to. interfere with the rights of the people, guaranteed by the constitution of the United States and the constitu- tion of the State of New Youk. The Metropolitan Police act and other despotic laws have been forced upon the city against the will of its inhabi- tants. How would the people of the State like a law forbidding the use of wagons on Sunday— those wagons in which they are conveyed to church, and in which they amuse themselves by long rides through the country in the afternoon. They do not want country air, for they have always enough of it. But then they ought not to lend themselves to the tyranny which would interfere with others enjoying it occasionally as well as themselves. Were it not for the support of the members of the Legislature from the rural districts, this intolerant despotism, for which there is no authority in the Scriptures, could not be inflicted on the city of New York. In one of the communications which we published yesterday on the observance of the Sabbath, there was astatement of the au- thorities on both sides of the Sunday question: From that statement the reader will sec that thoge who want to turn Sunday from its Christian spirit, as a day of joyous relaxation, into the gloom of a Jewish Sabbath, can cite, on their aide, but a comparatively small number of Christians, during a comparatively short period of time; that is to say, the Puritans of Great Britain and America, for about two hundred years; while they have against them all the Chris- tians who have lived for more than fifteen hun- dred years, from the commencement of the Chris- tian era till some time after the Reformation— more than seven-eights of those who have lived from that time to the present day; the testimony of the fathers of the Reformation, Martin Luther and John Calvin, the declarations of the early Christian fathers, the authority of the New Tes- tament, the teachings and example of Jesus Christ himself. With this overwhelming weight of authority against them, it would become the Sabbatariane to hesitate in forcing their views tipon their fellow citizens—particularly the Young Men’s Christian Association, who, ia their eseays on the subject, admit that there is no ex- press command either from Chriet or his Apos- thes for the observance of the Sabbath, and yet _ =s