The New York Herald Newspaper, July 17, 1859, Page 2

lotters of Count Cayour and Prince Napoleon to the Fut PoParie (July 8) correspondence of Loudon Shronicle.] Mrettos from Turia announces the arrival of Kossuth at that city, An interesting description is given of his reception iu all tae places bo has passed through, the | citizens greeting him evorywhere with ths loudest cheers | for Hungary. At Acqui he visited the Hungarians that are being formed into a legion to fight with the ailiod ar. | mies, and bis reception by his countrymen was eathy Biastic. No doubt the news of bis mission will cause a great excitom al throughout Hungary. We are assured by the writer of the letter I aliude to, that ths Austrians make use of Kossuth’s name to enadle them to raise ro cruits in Hungary. Tho officers emplo;et Cr tast pur. | pose carry its of tho colobraied Haugerian with | them, which they show to bis countrymon, gearing them that as soon ae a regiment is formed he is to take tie command, and fight with them against the French and Sardinians. Some of the lower classes allow themselves to ‘De caught by this trick. Ad anvounoes the departure of Kossuth from | Piacenza for Parma on the 26th ult., and says that tho | took the horses from his carriags and dragged him ‘as far as the city gate. THE SIGNIFICANT PHASES OF THE BAT TLE OF SOLEEBINO, 4 From the London Cimes, pl ic “It a pes pny ‘says Madaune Dosovigné, \ the same man who warms the oves and who cate the bread. Francis Joeeph of Austria may ponder this mot when he reads with what relish Napoleon l., hungry and victo- rious, devoured the dinner which had been prepared for Francis Joseph at Solferino, This little incident, however, is only a type of greater things. Francis Joseph has been throughout this Italian policy only oven warmer to his Frenca Imperial brother. If he had been a man of his age and timo, he would never have sllowvd Loui, Napo- leon to piay before the world the audacious part of a libe- rator of oppressed nationalities. Bat he has been fixed in ‘a fossil system, and he has petrified into apart of the mass. As he prepared the way in Piedmont snd at Lom bardy, andat Ancona, and evon in Rome, for others whose only excuse for coming afer him was that he aud his bad been there before, so it appears likely to happen that Pea- chiera and Verona, Mantua and Legnano have been forti- fied, strengthened, stored and armed, only to be garri- soned by Frenchmen, and ultimately, as we must in court. esy to recorded promises believe, to be ozcupied by Ite Mans. Already “the whole French army has passed the Mincio,” already “the Sardiniasos have invested Paechi- era,” wiready Napoleon, aided by his reinforcement of 85,000 men, bas approached Verona and watches Man' already the whole Ausirien army has, “for strategi sons”—which, pushed to thelr logical’ consequences, may | some day perhaps require the sbaudonment of Vieans, oF | even Pragné—retired from the banks of the Miucio; al- | ready the French have carefully and cautiously followea them), unmolested; and the Austrian, still odatipate in re sistance, altvough no Joager copfisens of victory, IS. pro» ably, untavght and unieachable, sgain fixing some definite hour of some definite day whereon he will make all his arrangements for snoiber pitched hattlo. | ‘This battle of Sol(erino iltusirates upon & great scale the | character of the two antagonisia. Its phases and its facts | arc all recorded, [1s indeliple picture is graven upon all | our minds. Aided by the experience of correspoadents in elther camp—thore heralds of eacred and peasefal mis- | sicn—we have followed the Austriau Emperor to and from | the fight, and the French Emperor throughout hi | bh n the finld from the vance. We have twice sa r | Italy,” and bave surveyed it alternately through French | and Ausirian gasses. To day the battle of Solferino t its place in history in the shape in whic ft will be known forevermore. It wus a great and sangu‘nary battle, flerealy contested by nearly four hundred vhowsaad men from eunrise to sunset of a summer day; and it was a battle in which the Austrians were defeated, bat not broken, by an enemy inferior in numbers, but superior in intelligence and arms. While the mind of Europe is yet excited by tho details of thig mighty carnage, and is growing familiar with the eveote of the battic, it is time for us to point the moral of the catastrophe. Why did the Ausirians lose this great battle? Why have they Jost every battle that bas been fought ia this war? Itis notthat they are less brave tnan the French In this very evgagement, according to tne official accounts of each army, the Austriaus kilied and woundod 12,000 y With a loss to themesives of but 9,000 kilied and wounded. There could have been no flight when tne numbers stand thus at the ead of theday. Nor are the Austrians inferior as markamen. Their ri en hit 720 French officers, whereof one hundred and twenty wore shot dead, while the French succeeded in killing aad ‘wounding only two bundred and thirty of the Austrian offi- cers, Toey certainly are not inferior to the French in dis- cipline, Their vis inertia is magnificent, aud they retreat invariably with a bold, steady front to the foo. Why is it, then, that they who can lose so valiantly can never win? Because, unfortanately for them, present know- ledge ig present power, and their knowledge ‘s not of the present, ‘bat of the past. They area stagaating respecta- ility. They are governed and dirested by old rules, old men, and old routine. They have an enemy who}does not care a centime for antiquity, and is not above taking the most irregular methods to win a victory. The Emperor of Austria makes up bis mind to do a remarkably flao piece of Louis Quatorze strategy. He executes an elabo rate — of old fashioned deception, crossing the Mincio with his whole force, and then recrossing it with his two hundred thousand men, and fixing the contemplated sur. of the enemy at nine o’clock in the morning. The of the French, representing the juvenile irregu- Jar school, In the most ungentiemanlike manner refuse to be surprised, Having recourse toa new faugisd exps- dieat which no trustworthy veteran who esa coun: big ‘The people's industry, euch as It ia, sustaing State, priost ama povie. As might bo oxpected, 8 large amount of what ip levied aover reaches trea- ewy. In Foeglsnd, the cost of collecting the in the Papal States it is thirt; is about eight per cent—~ nn, ee i of it, au tween the Pope and prieetnood, No one aaks, aud no one | is wold what becomes of (he money, Nothing oan be shorter or simpler than the Holy Father's budget. It consists of two articles, vieing with each other in aposto- lic ene financial brevity. Here they are:— Ineo Direct coutrfbutions and property of the State, 3,201,426 crowns, Expenditure. Commorose, fine arts, agriculture, indas- try and public works, 601,764 crowns. ‘This i clearer than even a budget and a speech of five houre from Mr. 18. It may appear incredible that the successor of St. Peter should be over head and ears in debt. Tho bolder of tho | keys of heaven seems rather careless of those of his own strong box. The custodiauship of purgatory is an easior Job than that of the Papal weanury, a deficlt being the normal state of the Holy Roman cxshequor. Last year there was nearly baif a million sterling on the wrong side of the Apostolic lodger—this year the massacre, &o., must cost Obrist’s Vicar more. Singular to ssy, the Holy Father is ta the hands of the Jews, justioa Georeeing that the house of Rothschild shall avenge the wrongs of that of Abrabam. In 1867 the Pope contracted the eleventh loan with that great capitalist, and, in the name of Ghetto, the Hebrew, we may hope, bagged at least cent per cent by the transaction. Whore tho interests of Heaven are the function of the govervment, and priests the agents of both, it is absurd ond bI mous to complalu of neglect of the interests of | the . Those intoresta are not material but spiritual. Tue successor of St. Poter was never delogated to ea courage trade and agriculture, but to fortify the soul and mortify the fleeh of the faithful who are confided to him. His mission is to pilot them through purgatory | and to Jand them safe in paradise, not to develops that earthly prosperity which might give thom a distaste for such a voyage. In Rome, therefore, thore {3 little trate and there ia less commerce, the whole capits! of the Dank amounting to the sum of £400,000 sterling. Tue Stock Kx- change is open once a week for whoever can contrive to find it. Every industry is a monopoly, there bsiag patentees for all things, from Christianity to tallow ox dies. Agriculture is almoet as sheckled as commerce by paternal and pestileat restrictions. The Campagaa isa | deeert, and fm the garden of Rome a score of herdsmen ebake with the ague. The roads are few, the brigands many, the railways scarcely bezun. There ig n> Davy, ond (he ermy is the Anstrian or the Freach one, with some hired bands of foreign cot threats. Toeso intimidate jue towns, and the priew'® ond friars intimidate the country, tho bayonet keeping the citizens quiet and purgatory iho peasants, This repulsive picture is that of the rule of the Vicar of Christ om earth. It is the government of priests for the profi: of priests and tho wretch. duews and degradation of the people. It has every vies, poliical and social, that a human govern ment cau have. It is an absolute despotism, unique in its atrocity ever both body and soal, Itis corrupt, demoralizing, reckless. The reeteaints that mitigate o:hor cespotiems do not mitigate it, Superstition does not check it, for superstition is its own and its most potent ‘mstrament; opinion doss not check it, for it monopolines the expreesion of it, in the pulpit ag weil a3 tho press; it has no fear of insurrection, for it is guarantesd against ik by confederate military despots, and human nature itself is perverted and petrified in this uanatural power, whose celibacy ruptares the common tle that connects the worst tyrants with their peoples. Tho priest can have no wife, and he ba) ae A Ct or i be has it is av unac- knowledgea bastard. Adjuring society, ignoring posteri- ty, he and bis kind are twain; men, if he is a bigot, beiag sinners to be saved—if a hypcrite, gulls to be plucked. This government the Emperor of the French has propped up for bel frat wito his bayonets. Wita those bayonets he restored it when the people of Rome bad by their own arms deposed ft. Hie excuse for that flagrant actaf violence was Austrian in‘ervention. He ‘‘protected’’ the Pope against his subjects to prevent tha Austrians (60 he said) from “protecting’’ him still more. Tae Austians “protect”? him no longer. Why, then, does the Freach Emperor still keep his bayonets in Rome? Why does he maiatain them there but to maintain that Pope and his devestable abuses? He admits it, esses it, he popats of it. His journals print it, his ministers write it, his ambassadors aud generals angouace it. Oa him now devotves the whole responsibility for every Papal abomi- nation—a responeibility he would byposritically shirk, but which Europe must fasten on him. Louis Napoleon pretends that he goes to Italy to secure Ttalan independence. Is Italian independence only to mean a kingdom of North Italy for Victor Eoaanvel, an. other kingdom, perbaps, for his cousin, and the Pope and French for Rome? Then let hia Majesty say so. Lot bim rot affect to play the liberator when he morely plays the couqueror and tyrant, but let him declare that he puts Gown the Austrians oaly to set up himself. The aack of Perugia, its massacre and rapes, haye ex- cited the disgust of Europs. For that outrage Louis Na- poleon is and must be held accountable. It was only poa- sible with his connivance, if not with his positive sanc- tion, for neither Pope nor Cardinal could have dared to contemplate it but with his tacit consent. If Swiss mer- cenaries perpetrated the atrocities, French troops alone made it possible, for untess those troops held Rome ia awe the Swiss could not have been sent upon their errand. The French Ewperor is an accessory before the fact to the murders and rapes of Perugis, and if he stili supports seventy years would condescend wo use, he sends a man up in a ballon; and, at the expense of a few yards of suk and a few wuare feet of gas, is told “the exact position of all those misses which’ are Grown up 80 sclentificduy om yy nas signe WUN We ven tion of surprising ham at the comfortable, leisurely hour of 9A. if the man of his time—the clover, active, shrewd, nothing contemning adventurer of the nineteenta century—by dint of this emall contrivance, becomes mas- ter of the position. He knows what is going to happen ‘and where hisenemy i#,and how many he is; and while the heevy, self-complacent Austrian is chuckling at the formal sul that is to come off at @ A. M., he attacks at daybreak, chooses bis own time and point of attack, and remains master of the field. So, again, the Austrian coming by very respectable mesns, in no respect sullic by apy inventivences or breach of precedent, into pos- session of a fine baby of sharpahooters, deait tremendous digaster against the French. French oppose arifficial to the Austrian natura] advaniage, bus not so as toequaliz? the two armies in the rifle. There was another point, bow- ever, in which the two nations were equal. Tae Austrian mountaineere do not use cannon in their Sunday games. Sere France went ahead, and Austria marched au pas. The consequences haye been obvious enough. The battie of Solferino bas been won by the superiority of the French artillery. The shells from the French rifled cannon fell at distances whence the old guns could no: 4} Every reader can work out the result. The enemy’s artillery was silenced before it could come within eifective dis- tance. Man’s thews and ‘leah are to day as they were a thougand years ago, but machinery is not thus immutable. Mere “pluck,” and courage, and standing still in squares, and coming forward in lines, is of no use if there is an reeine ta miles off which will mow down your lines and your living enemy. All that is left iirmagoucan reach gentioman of the old school is to die with dignity and constancy, scorning, if be should so please, with bis last breath the foe that seeks victory by such plebeian and irregular means. We follow with an interest much more intimate and earnest than could be excited by a uympathy for any mere principle the tactics and the defeats of these Aug. trian armies. It is vain to dimguiso from ourselves the fact that what they are we are. Toe sbdlidity, the bravery, the old fashioned routine, of which yield so Bulkily before the science and intelligence ofanarmy led and orgapized by men in their active vigour, are like our own solidity, our own bravery, and our own routine. So far se we are in advance of this Austrian army, which fores town after town and district after district, and has the secret of suffering the most irreproachadle de’eats, {s Fd not to our dear old reverend doting Horse Guards sys- 7m, Dano d od Fes omnes tankde u , ape longus, avidnaqne fata a ‘Gherulus, laudaior temporia wel” ut to the House of Commons, the prees and the peopl How coldly would the Teprenentatives of this good oa Hs tem have laughed down the idea ot reconnoitring by loons. How complete, but a short time since, was their contempt for the Mfinie rifle. How arduously’ were they driven into an attempt to improve the immoveable Old field piece, deciaring with a ener to everyone who would listen that they went into this nonsense only to gra- tify the gaping vulgar, and that weapore euch as thoss which were whisked up to the heighis of Solferino, and which ploughed up the reserves in the valleys below, were the mere toys of civilians and amateurs, and unwor- thy of the notice of veteran soldiers. Yet upon the very first collision of armies, victory declared herself for the best arms, The Minie rifle preserved India to England, the rifled cannon won Montebello and Magenta for the French; and to the same arm, combined with that much ridiculed balloon recom , the French owe it that Solferind was a French viotory, and that Napoleon ill. {s now before Verona. The Ws to us is all important. If we hold our position a rst rate Powers, and would dwell in peaceful homes, wS snust have men at our Horse Guards whe are not too conceited or too old to advance with the age in which they live. lideque ministrat; WILL THE ALLIES SEIZE ON THE STATES ‘OF THE CHURCH. (From the London Advertiser (Koeeuth’s Organ) July 4 There are 600,000,000 of human beings who either never heard of the Pope or of the Papacy, or who hate or anh at both. The Pope and Papacy damn them all ag infidels, or heretics, or heathens. At the present time of day this may seem abominable or it may seem ridiculous, but ri or abominable such damnation in the next world is probably preferred by the parties concerned to being burnt or impaled in this. But though heretics do not regret the Romaniste do, and if the Holy In- quisition can only curse where it was used to roast, the fault is in the tines and not in the will of the Apostolic tribunal. Fortunately, if Christendom bas escaped, Jadaism is in its clutches still, and in its treatment of the Jews the world may detect Le 2 of the Roman Catholic clamor evieous toleration. Religious toleration, in this sect’s » 18 license where they are not in power, and where they are. The Ghetto, thon, or Jews’ is the human kennel of the city. No- obscene is to be found in Europe. The the Church damn, and the populace Not only is no Jew admisuible : tes he must neither hold a for another. Manutactures, lo them, andthe meanest of ons are allthatthe Jew of ly ppersecuted the’ Israel. - . morally tabooed. 3 publihea with bis bayonets the Pontiff who commanded and ap- proves of it, then before Italy, Europe and God, the French Emperor is @ party to the crime. Unless, then, he repudiates a share in it by ceasing to protect ‘ts an {Baspendence OF TAP, wAdSBVRE Wik coatusion “his fat: terers aud tools who would gull us ou the character of WILL ITALY BE A GREAT POWER IN EUROPE. (From the London Post (government organ) July 4) In point both of populstion and geography, Italy, free from Mcesina to the Alps, pod, with geod vnmece noni to the position of a great Power. fe recognise five great Powers—namely, Great Britain, France, Prussia, Austria and Rugsia; and so indefinite is the criterion of population that the European sul of each of these governments vary from 16,000, to 60,000,000. If Prussia can attain and command position with a popa- lation of only 16,000,000, how much more may Italy—s peopie by race and by sympathies far logs disunited than the Prusgiane—do so with a population of 26,000,000? For, be it observed, Prussia ranked as a great Power before the formation of the German Confederacy, and when just 80 independent of the old German empire as to be shorn of any support or alliance among herown natural kindred. Italy, then, in point of population, is on a better footing than Prussia for the attainment of the rank of # firstolass Power. Let us take, in the next place, the warlike ene! of Italy ag compared with that of Prussia. If we ce the exploits of Garivaldi’s free corps, where men of all Ttalian nationalities have r defeated Austrians more numerous and by much better appointed—if wo take those who stood by Garibaldi ten years ago in his heroic defence of Rome—if we take the Sardinians, who singly defeated the Austrians at Palestro, and who vied prekuibe French at Magenta and Pozzdlengo—we must the achievemente Pie Denes ve - pene yin oe ‘hs the additional fact that the Halians‘apyee alt tinge, and act on the sentiment that they arc itttiem.. did the sixteen millions of Proseians profess the same | TMutval sympathy? Rhenish Prussia has far more love | of France and Beigium than of its own government, while Pruszian Poland undisguisedly bates the yoke ef Berlin. | THE KING OF SARDINIA CLAIMS HIS NEWLY ANNEXED TERRITORY. The Lombardia, a new Milan journal, used as the official organ, publishes the following circular from Count Cavour CS the various Governors aud Extraordinary Commis- joners:— _ The Sardinian government, in creating for ita new rela- tions with the Italian Provinces, annexed or protected, a general office at the Department of Foreign Ailaira, in- vended to establish a bead temporary matter, as was declarea in the decree of hig royal Highnees the Lieu- tesant General of the kingdom. The King’s govern- ment finds itself in presence of Italian States which have hitherto had separate laws and adminiatra- tione. Among them, some are simply protected, whilet others are de facto annexed to the King's States. The formation of a special directing office is intended, 4s to everything that concerns the countries protected, {o facilitate the expedition of the mass of affairs, which has been greatly augmented in consequence of the chan: of relations between these game countries and the King’s government; and for what concerns the States annexed, X tends to prepare the pagsage trom the present situation to that of bona fide and toral union; for the union, in what relates to aii branches of the public service not be. ing possible for the moment, and maay affairs requiring to be treated according to laws and forms different from those in force in the old States of his Majesty, to refer theee affairs to each of the Ministerial departments could only lead to a disadvantageous delay, and to differen: ia the decisions given, The despatch of matters rel in the following manner:— The local governors are to be invested with exceptional Powere, £0 that the greatest portion of the affairs will be decided onthe spot. As to the affairs on which the go- vernors may think fit to consult the government, the re- Porte connected with them should be sent to the general office at the Department of Foreign Affairs. When impor. | tant matters belonging to the jurisdiction of some special Givision are in question, the measures should be firet con- certed with that division. Aocording as a branch of public administration in the annexed provinces shall be submit ted to the common rules of the old States of his Majesty, the respective documents shall be sent to the special offixe on which they depend. As ail that belongs to military af- faire, either ‘in the annexed States or those protected should be centralized without delay, they are referred once to the War Department, OOUNT CavOUR. The Picdmontese Gazetl2 anvounces that the greatest activity has been displayed in Organizing the Sardinian Customs lines along the new frontiers, both onthe Swiss side and that of the Pontifical States, the lines that sepa- rated Parma, Modena and Lombardy from Piedmont be- ing suppressed. All the Sardinian cosioms laws aad the new tariifhave been printed, and the new lines are to come into operation within a fortnizat. The King of Sardinia has raised Colonels Brunetta, Sig- norigand Moroz delia Rocca to the rank of general; Ge. Ltrs — — Iisem nyo to the command of all he cavalry, and General Sambuy to that of thi of Cremona. “4 Benen AN EMINENT FRENCH JESUIT JOIN z ALLIES, A po The following {8 a remarkable extract from a letter written by the celebrated Dominican, Father Lacordaire, in which he gives in his adbesion to the war:— Doubtles the revolutionary and anti-Christian eloment ia very much to be ; but that sentiment is sus. tained and fed by the generous patriotic of which it makes use for ite own purposes. stand. ing ground must be taken from it by a war of great Powers, in which there is a chance of vanquishing the enemy on the fleld of battle, and at the same time keeping the spirit of revolution and antl-Christianism in check. It willno doubt bo « great calamity if Provi- dlgnce should permit unchained ions to bear even feal | raont e | to the annexed provinces ig conseuently to be reguiated { NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JULY 17, 1859. which has boos constantly oy are years. We Frenchmen the honor of having broken with baving shed our biood for & just and ‘war in (be Crimoa was also @ splendid war, but it was de- void of any great danger, @@ account of the close a lian>> between France and England. This war on the centrar/ is very perilous, aad at the same time atill more just, O this double ground it deserves a still more hearty sup- port, Tho ompire is staking its Own existence, and, r3- membering the political egotism which has crippled us ever since 1825, this is a noble attitude which we could not haye hoped 10 Bee, SKETCH OF MARSHAL NIEL, OF FRANCE. ‘From the Londou Jewish re eT the naw ren Lite) {gs not more than fifty eeven years old, and looks much younger, Ho win a piaceot of tho raed ‘choot rion he study incering at Mots. prom page extrem iy rapid. We find him a lieuteneat im which the most merit has bees displayed, yielded the least reeuits. That of Waterloo, whore everything had been wanting, when ¢' had been would hsve saved France and q\ sercye, When speaking of the chances of death, Napoleon said that they wero but one out of every thirty. For tho battle of Wagram, quoted ag bloody, he rated the killed at 3,000, which was but one- Part, the whole army 160,000 men strong. At Kualing the killed ni Laps 4,000 out of 40,000 men; that e- tenth, it is true, but this battle was one of the most fatal. In all others the loss had been far below. Bere are vow some details about the principal battles fought since the revolution or 1789; thoy will enable us to a the impertance of the resuils obtained at the He of nta:—At Valmy 100,000 mya took part in the battle, loss on both sides, says Goueral 1» D in 1827, he ‘& captain ia 1635, and | amounted to 800 men, pak gait de’ bataillon’s epaulette on the field of At Jemmapes, where the armies wore not 0 coneiier- fate of Constantine (1887). ‘Was made a colonel in} able, the Austrians had 4,600 killed and wouaded, aad 1846, and with that raok he took part im the expedition to 1,606 of them were taken prisoners. The Frouch haa Rome in 1849, as head of the engineers’ stat. Waile at | 4,000 put hors de combat. Bome he was promoted to the rank of brigadier genarsl, At Fleurus, where 180,000 men ou and the result of and shortly after was ‘with the mission of carry- wilse wae he Conaness of Bolgium, oa both sides ing the keys of the city to the Popo at Gacta, Oa his re- | did not exceed not 3,000 mea. turn to France be became a member of the Superior Com- ‘The batles of General Bonaparte ia Italy were all ox- mittees of Fagin and Fortifications, and was ap- | ceptional, apd their roeults so prodigious that they form a inted Tivecear oF The jering Department in the } distinct sories in history. Those results are well knowa. istry of War, and Councillor of State on Extraordinary In the fatal battle of Novi, whore the Goncral-in-Chief, Service. As a geveral of division ho commanded the en- | Joubert, was killed, France lost 10,000 men killed, wound- gineers in the ‘Biiticy and took part in the siege of Bomar- or » one general-in-chief, four generals of divis- gund. Subsequently he commanded the cers in the | ‘on, tem cannons and four figs. We have paid for our Crimes. His reputation as a scientific officer has always | victory dear, for we have lost twelve thousaad mon, stood remarkably bigh, He is a tall, handaome man, and | caid General Melas in the report he gant to Vionna. At Marengo the Austrian army loss was four thousand meen killed or wounded and three thousand prigoaers ad twenty five cannons; the French lose was soven thou- ‘and men killed or wounded, and one thousand 5 At Austerlitz there were 200,000 combatants, Tao eae- antes lost 45,000 mea killed, wounded or prisoners, twouty generals, and several aids docamp of the Emperor of Our soldiers took 200 cannons, 400 wagons an4 45 flags. Ibis victory would have boen siill more decisive had not ‘be Emperor Napoloon allowed, through generosity, the escape of the Russian army; and, what ia prodigious, the French lose did no} that day amount to 1,500 mea. At Jenna 250,000 men and 700 or 800 cangons partici- pecae, ia the battle, which lasted for hours. The Prussian army was almost ocatirely oyed—390 can nons, 60 flags, 30 gonerals wounded or taken. Sach wero the results of that day. The Freach army had 7,000 mea de combat. At Eylau the French bad 65,000 mea against 80,000 Rusgiang, tn a space of one aquare mile, and on each side 16,000 mien were put hors de combat It is atver Waat day that Napoleon, visiting the battle ticid, exciaimed: ‘ fais speotacie is well msde to inspire the aoversigus with the borror of war and the loveof peace.” Tao battle of Fried- land, as that of Austerlitz, was decisive. Ia that cam- paigh of ten days the Russians lost 60,000 men killed, wned or taken, 120 canons and 25 flags. m, where nearly 300,000 men wore engaged, the enemies joat 4,000 killed, 9,000 wounded, 18,000 pri- soners, 10 flags and 40 cannons. Tne French bad 3,000 d and 7,000 wounded. ce 1815 there were no other great battles but that of Novare, in 1818, when King Onaries Albert lost nis army and abdicated the crown, and two battles in Hungary during the war of independence. 1n the east Ibrabim Pacha fought the battle of Nezib. In Algeria Marshal Bogeaut dispersed the army of Maroc very disingué in bis appearance and manners. It wil! be remember that he was selected in January last to go to Turiu to make the official demand of the Pria- cots Ciotiide’s haud for Prince Napotoon. HOPES OF NAPOLEON'S RETURN TO PARIS. (2aris (June 26) correspondence of London Star.) ‘The prophets of peace are somewhat disturbed ia thelr calculations by the factof another which too« place yerterday of another army of 40,600 mee for Ialy. It is said that the Pmperor has bis fill of fighting, and will eeize the first opportunity of retarning to Paris, which was impossible unlit tbe great battle,’ which entities him to ® public etry, tad been fought—and gained, of course Even mixed with the first butletin came a hintof the great danger of capture which hia Majesty bad incurred. This is the second risk of the same nature, and it would now be perfectly excusable were he to hesitate to expose himeel’ toa third. is presence is mach required here, it is like. wise waid, on gocount of the disseusious which daily take piace in tbe Council of Mipisters, composed ef the most an- tagonistio elements, aid which not evem the swest conciliation of the fair aud amiable Kegest can succoed in calming. » THE COST OF WAR, [Brom the London Bavkers’ Ciroular, June 26 } If the cost of war be compared with the advantages which nations gsio in exchange, we fear that the balances ‘will be a very formidable one on the wrong side of the account. As faras our own country is conceracd, tho apnua) expenditure bas become a very serious item. ‘The great problem to be solved is, how cea it be reduced con. sistentiy with Our national eafety? If we are to take any active part in the war now commenced ja Kurons, it is pertectiy certaia that no reduction will be made; ead even sbould we maintain an armed neutrality, there is almost an equal certainty that the flaancial domauds tortheensu | + the pattie of lely. We have since bad soveral gallaut jug year will be considerably increased, ‘ me oa “Ai the close of tue Freaca war in 1816 the total oost of | CZPeditions and fails d'armes in Algeria, but no the army, ordnacce, and navy, amounted to £26,693,1261, e. f great vic- The number of men’yoted in that year for the army, ord. | ,, 11864 the battle of Alma opened the era of great vi tories, and was followed by the basties of Inkermann and hance, and navy, and the expenditure wore as (ollows:— | Tractey Bridge, whion prepared the capture of Sebastopol. Men. Expenditure. | “Ne hghis ot’ Montebello and Palestro have. worthily. in- = 1B ES AS O47 98 | augurated tho great victory of Magenta, which has just opened the doors of Milan to Napoleon ILI. INTERESTING INCIDENTS OF THE WAR. A corresponéent of the London Star writing from the seat of war esys:—We halted for an hour on the banks of the Ticino, where I stood admiring the sparkling blus of ita rushing waters, with the gay and martial scene which eavironed me. ‘The banks on the opposite sido were lined far away as the eye could reach with the camps of the Allied armies, their white huts, as they dotted the emerald and pictur- esque plain, dancing and glistening in the rays of a force Italian gun. The hum of the basy occupants was beard, broken by the long roll of the drum, or the shrill, clear call of the trumpets, and dense masses of wagons, seom- ingly ina state of inextricable confusion, mounted officors 33,000 10,383,834 Total......+00 ee seaee0180,253 £26,593,128 If we moasure this expenditure by the total number of men, the ratio will be found to be £147 per nead. At the ond of the subsequent five years, namely, in 1821, the total number of men voted for the army, erd- mance and navy, was 122,96; and the total expenditure was £16,468,696, or in the ratio of £133 per heal. From this period there was a decrease in the expenditure, which remaincd almost stationary until the commence- meovt of the Crimean war, in 1854, which more thaa doubled the amount in the three Sie nk yam To or- der to suow more clearly the progress of military and naval expenditures since 1816, we shall divide the years into quinquenpial periods, showing the number of mea v the total expenditur: ‘atio of cost per man. | ond Orderlice, straggling rear guards, loose horses, &v., yon Ie ON Mae runber of Dual Phenno’ | vainly endeavored to clear a way trough the impenetra: Years Men voted, ple throng. 1821 969 A Turin letter to the London Times, dated on the 21st of 1826. 125,266 June, eaye:—The Fifth corps of the Fronch army, under 1881 128,873 tho command of Prince Napoleon, is advancing from Tus- 1836, 123,262 cany, and was the day before yesterday at Massa on its 2841... 144,007 218,615 105 | tourth day’s march from Florence. The Tuscan division, 1849, 189,787 16,673,273 104 } jed by General Utlos under the Prince’s orders, bas lately 1861. 152,287 14,801,898 97 | been mastering rt Pistoia, and will then cross the Apen- Here ends the last quinquennial period previously to the Crimean war. During a period of thirty ve years, end- ing 1851, the highest ameunt of expenditure for the army, ordnance and commisslariat was £15,709,294 in 1816, and the lowest was £7,558,057 in 1835. For the navy the highest amount of expenditure wae £10,883,834 in 1816, and the loweet amount was £4,148,146 in 1835, exc'usive of the civil establishments, Daring the next quinquennial period, the amounts have nines by the Abatone pass, aad descend into the Lombard plain at Modena. The Tuscan crossed _soveral days ago, and bas actually reached the town of Modena, which 1s deserted alike by Austrian and ducal troops. The ducby is governed now by Farina, the historian, in the name of Victor Emanuel. The Parma Gazette "gives an account of the rejoicings which took place in that city on the 17th of June, on the occasion of the installation of the Sardinian government | #0 far su: these ot former years, that we shall give there. | them for each year:— - Tal. oy __ tah... ,Htig,, | Eke yhole town was brilliaatly iliuminated; bands of 165,019 214,958,508 90” | the new gi on the musirg bafere the palace of 165,381 15,914,517 96 ance On the balcony he was received witb loud cheers for 226,751 27,908/811 125 | Italy, the Emperor of the French, the King, the Union, &. 285,041 48,186,432 168 The body of General Cler, which was buried at Ma- 307,716 ae genta, bas been exhumed by order of the Emparor, and 189,518 2054207128 tor wil rought to France, for interment at Salins, the geveral’a native place. A letter from Florence of tho 19th of June, in the Paris . | Siécle, says:—A squadron of pontificial dragoons crossed por. the frontier with arms and bagerge, and have to day en. tered this city, Men and horses are magnificent, and the general appearence of the equadron reflects the highest credit on the Cardinal Minister of War at Rome. Quarters are being prepared for the remainder of the regiment. The Tuscan division quitted Florence this morning to re- Join the Fifth corps of the French army at Pistoia. ‘Tho Sardipian government has sent the Chevalier Olan. dini, Major of Carbincers, to Florence, to reorganize the Tugcan gendarmery. The Indépendance, of Brossels, publishes a letter from Milan, which says:—The Austrians carried off everything moveable belonging to the railway; tho only locomotives and carriages that remained were uador Tepair, These are Dow used for passengers, and ballast wagons are om- poe for carrying bread and provisions to t army. I left Milan ina bread train. The Milanese had not the tgs of mind, which any Parisian gamin would have d, to take up a few rails or break down a. bridge to pr vent the rethoval of all the rolling stock of the railway. A letter from Pavia in the Opinione of Tarin states that the dead on the battle field of Magenta have been buried in such heste thet pestilential cffluvia are perceptible as far os Abbiate Grasso. Measures are to be taken by the ities to remedy this evil. incllé de Jura, which published sevoral interest- ‘ors from the seat of war, thus announces the death of its correspendent:—We must here drop a tear to the memory of Lieat. Bouvier, of the Grenadiers of the Guard. He promised ug an account of the battlo of Magenta, but an Auetrian baticut suort his career. By his death our readers !ose many an interestin, e and Lear 7 1g page and we a valued The Sentinelle du Jura gives the following as a true story, told by a eerjeant whe was prosent when the Fm- peror Napoleon ordered a temporary bridge to be thrown over the Ticino for the passage of his guard. His Majes- ty aeked the oaptain of the pontoon company how lopg it would take hin to make a bridge. “Two hours aud a half, sire, by making haste.” “aptaia,” said the Emps- ror, taking out his watch, ‘I give you an hour and pg qua: ter.” “Sire, we will endeavor ‘to do it in that timo. “No, do not endeavor, but do it.” In afew minutes seye- ral boats were joined one to the other. The Emperor our readers from drawing auy infe- | sence from the above figures, othor than the progressive | increase of expenditure which war novese: tub this increase exhibits itself in so enormous ‘ion that we may well pause before we venture tzain to cour such heavy responsibilities. During the thret years that the Crimean war lasted, this country spent in its army and navy no lees than £109,960,441, or az average sum of £36,655,480 per annum, exclusive of tte coat of the civil departments. During the same joriod it added £29,000,00 to the funded debt of the country. ‘There fare statesmen who look upon these mormous sums with the greatest indifference, aud umer the planaible argument of supporting the ‘national honor” they levy these millions upon the industry of th» nation; this encrmous expenditure must be changed, or we shall be changed a8 @ nation; there must be a limt to the amount of pressure which war and its tendencis can be borne by the people. Analtempt has been receatly made to fix these ever-increasing charges upon the bry admi. nistration of the government; but nothing cm be moro incorrect in point of fact, and proof has been amjly given that the late administration have been most strenious op- ponents against everything that tended to involre this Country in the war now going on in Italy. At the rate of outlay we have given, the interest pon the public debt, added to our military and naval expmdi. ture, are becoming frightful in amount, and, if | vuntinued at the same ratio, they must ultimate. ly undermine the foundation of car commercial Supremacy. We are not alarmiste in calling the attention of the public to the progressive ‘increase in the cost of war and its necessary accompaniments; but we place before our readers facts which cannotbe disputed, The two great obstacles 10 the advancemers of civiliza- | ton, even amongst the most enlightened naions of Ku- Tope, are warand debt. They are, in short, the scourge of the human race wherever they exist. The great aud paramount duty of Kogland, therefore, is to ener her pro- test against them both in her Parliament and gongst ber | People. We have only to cast our eyes up the most powerful nations in Europe, and we find that wer and debt have bound them in fetters of iron; avd whilst this state of things remains, the people that lyeunder such governments cannot be ree. Before we cloge thia subject we shall pneent a state- mont of the claims which war and debt havi mato upon the country during the last five years:— Interest on otal Kx | jomped from his horse, and notwithetanding th Naval and Fub Ded, \ peniiture | ‘strances of his staff, began to croes. Some of the fasten. ye > é for War | ings of the boats were az yet go slight that the current Pole nfunded. and Debt. | threatened to carry the boats away, More remonstrances cae £27 ,098,340 +55,002,154 | were offered, but the Emperor did not #0 much as listen 1885 28,185,958 76,872,440 | to them. As fast as an additional boat was attached to 1886 28,681,177 32,662,826 | the line the Emperor jumped upon it, saying to the work- aah . f 28,627,103 124,393 | men, in a low but impressive tone, “Make baste.”” With. are saan ria on Feng @areron in ba ben an quarter the bridge was finished, and £ iB Gonert | Country during @ period of hostilities abeorbed the whole ae ‘ooptata wen ang Co a Gio aes Auswiacs. The captain was sitting ona pile of timber wiping tho perspiration off bis forehead, when the Empe- ror turned round to speak to him and, squeezing bis band, said, “Commandant, I thank you.’ of the ordinary income of the State. The followng state- ment gives the actual proportien which the miltary and naval expenditure and public debt bear to tho total | ordinary income of the country in each of tn above years: Pages Beanie itulionnel ba meet to know that it is . of government to em| the Austrian pri- eee ae eonere in making railways in Al ia, Tt also said that bee = War po mS the prisoners will be let out to hire to agriculturists and Year, bees ttf Sf pe, | Manufacturers who may be willing te pay them, The of- | poe 208,818 49.8 ficers are everywhere well tr 4 are. tree on pa- 657708480 1162 role, and may even obtain, without much difficulty, leave 00'808'096 89.6 of abacnce from the places for their residence, 50124203 72'331'062 2 Those who are married may send for their wives. ‘Tae 48,956'610 67:381 612 731 py. allowed them by the French government is fixed ag td an oo lows: Generals of division, 4,000f. ; generals of brigade, that we need not urge any other argument to show they 2i000F-; # Oficar, 2A, captain, loutennats a necessity of avoiding the expenditure which war and debs} 2% liew Laine bring in their train. It may be estimated almost to a cer- | A letter from Brescia, in the Sidcl-, relates a fresh ex- tainty that England could not engage in a war with anyof | Ploit of General d’Urban, as he ed through Cal the great Powers of Karope witnout expending fa ler Pome short time back:—Being desirous of continaing the military and naval de; its from aixty to elgity | traditions of bis predecessors, ho immediately on hie millions a year, and probably adding to her ‘public debt | Srrival eummoned to bis presence the heads of the muni. md ty or thirty millions more. We do notinfer | Sipality. When they arrived, he ordered them in a ‘om this that war can, in all cases, be avoided; tut we | peremptory manner to deliver to his army, within the say this, that to spend auch vast amounts in the destrac- | delay of seven minutes, 100 oxen, 100 wacks of oats. 1 casks of wine, and 12,000 swanziga. ‘The delegates g Hon of human life is one of the remnants of baybarism, been mad ; | monstrated, ssying that the village was poor and that th which every state nee Tee mnlentaan is bound, in justice to hircountry, of freedom and civili; vert to } time allowed was too short. The onl; made ‘the utmost of his power. slag gi the general was to draw out his wath, ead, poltting sh iia the hour, to say, ‘The delay I allow commenced, THE GREAT BATTLES FOUGHT IN/RUROPS } Soi'srar'g iancestuee wocee at saa other i slart INCE 1789, the lemand Translated i 14,000 swanzige in lieu of the othor objects demanded. i from ths Parle Paya Jane 16) for the New | ‘rhe general made no answer until the Tren minutes had The battle of Magenta, on account of the nutaber of expired, when he said that he would make no compromise, and arrested the delogates 1 gombatan, end ihe importance, of, the results, ‘© the | Gay, during the iasiy retzent of: tho Austriaus, th tures Tt is therefore interesting to recall to mind the most at penis ie PRiol, advousten cae i decisive battles which hay. re taken Jeno gentlemen, who are M. |Ricci, advocate, and MM. place sinze the begin. ning of this century. Fro1 ReselJi and Bonetti, landed have been pre- Loule XVI, more than 195 Dah a Honey LV. up to | ented to the Emperor at the fed. im that ib im thes number there wero not ten that can be called A letter from Berne, of the 20th of June, says:—Captain Grunewald, who corhmanded tho ‘Austrlan’ purring ot On the contrary, from the time of Lo! “ Laveno, which ‘refuge in Switzerland, came to Borne days, there have been more decisive Matias ae Sonne Yesterday by authorization of the federal military depart- the two centuries Frarions. Tho battles of Jemmapes, | ment, had a long interview with tho Austrian Minister to Fleurus, Loano, Ne, Rivoll, Zurich, Aboukir amd } *® Confederation. {s reason to believe that if Aus- have been great decisive battles,’ tria will consent to allow free Foe me on the Mag- The battle of Somosierra give Spain to the Fronth ar. | gore, which}is neutralized by , to bo re-catablished my jWranram crushed Austria, and that of Nojaisk opened | Under the Swiss flag, the Confederation will permit all the Ee tee steer roars pido Mi seo Lge ewe thelr own coun- speak: ba they . events, overtures to effect been were not b¢ apprectated by themmeten 4 vif pdt made, and {t is on account of them that Captain Grane: tunity of place, of action, nor of intention, Thoy only | Wald camo hero, (ope. part Kh OP Thole remain eretore ‘were only ‘Tho official journal, Za Lombardia, published at Milan, long undecided, oonquered the whole of aly, 5 at vim by tho Aunt rover dor poltas od by tho Austrian government for political opinions, request. tices, to 60 Of Lombardy, with oxact statements of the circumstan 08, A letter fom Milan ssy8:—1a visiting win « fricad some of my wounded comrades in the otvil hospital, { mot my landlady, hime. Sougier, aud my aunt, both ladies of cru eiderable fortune, who wore engaged in attending, ko real vistors of obarity, 0 the a merous wounds of 4 cay tain of infantry. This unfortunate oflicer was anxious w testify bis gratitude for so much devotednoss, but bis emotion wes so great that he could only uttor the word “merci,” and pressing the hand of ove of the ladies, burst into tears. I wont througt al the wards, aad every. saw the game care aud dovotedness display; . oT ‘piace 1y affected with the numerous marks of Teal 8} ery ory from Milan, under date of 11th of Dias of the First Reeimoat of the Grenadiers this :— at the beginning of the when the Zouaves and our ri "4 , howaver, did im, and to tell hia to induce him to equadrom of Venice eays;—We are pow at anchor abou! four miles in the offing, in twenty three fathoms water, at about an equal distance trom shore aud the large bank eee are ments on Pe direction of Trieste. we perceive the masts of come Austrian vessels, aud can of- battle ship, three frigates, aud several the largo isiand of iMalamooce distinguish a lino corvettes and Two days ago two of the latter up their ateam and came to tho entrance of the port of fiiiabocco under the of tac forts Alborini oa the north and San Pietro on the south, From the foot of Fort Alboriai » jetty runs ont to some distance, and in front of San Pietro is a airong stockade, It is bobind this stockade that the vessels are moored. The Paris Univers alludes to the great loss of French officers tn the late engagements ia Italy, aad poiuts out the cause of it:—If our information be correct, the Austrian army, in addition to its regular battalions of riflemen, has in each infantry regiment one or two com- panies of skilled marksmon, armed with rifles, who are specially charged to dre on officers. These companies give the Austrians aa advantage over our troops, aud appear to us to explan ovr loss ia officers. A colonel on horse- buck at the head of his regiment, or a major on borseback at the head of bis battalion, are at one thousand metres positive targets for there riflemen; if they are not hit at the first shot, they aro at the second, or the tenth, or the twenticth—they must uecessarity succumb. A French colonel of infantry runs therefore greater chances of death than an Austrian colonel of the same arm, the latter not having to dread the rifled musket, which our regiments of the lice do not possess. The Archbishop of Vercelii bus issued a pestoral, re- commenting his flock to thank Providence for having de- livered tho most flourishing towns of tho State, such as Novara, Tortona, Bobbio, Voghera, ».ud ospocially Vercelli, from the ofthe Austriaas, and for having crowa- ed the arms of the Allies with viciory. In farthorance of that object bo evjoins all his clergy to sing the Am rosiaa hymn ia their respective parishes, and to comprise ia their prayers ‘“‘the well deserving heroos who, with such abnegation and patriotism, have obiamed the immortal glory of so happy an event at the cost of the previous ho- Tocaust of their lives,” A letter from Jonspruck, of the 16th of June, remarks to the Lendon Zimes:— ~ Tam pow writing from the capital of the Tyrol, that focus of Austrian patriotism and valor, and the very fountain hoad of the imperial power of Austria. That do- minion derives its source from the people of this moud- tain district, who bave over been the moat faithfal aud valient adberents of tho Uapsburg {dynastry. 1 have to report to youthat I have witnessed hero to-da} as much patriotic enthusiasm as can ever have exsted. Tcame in the same train with a regiment of Yagers. It is impossible to describe to you the sympathetic reception which was accorded to these soldiers ail along tho line of railroad from the Bavarian frontier to Inngpruck, At every station a crowd of psasants of all ages aud both nexes collected and gave the regiment # moat cordial wel. come in the shape of refreshments of all sorts. I have had the opportunity of observing the active measures taken by the Austrian government to convey rapidly to Lombardy the supplies of men, borsas, artillery, ammu- nition pions, &c,, required by the army thore. Day and aig it there {f a continuous traffic for that parpose om all the lines of railway; and the number of men and the quantities of stores thus transported, must be something enormous. I advise the French to look out for squalls. A Parisietter of the 24th of Jnne says:—We find here singular hope founded on the battle aboutto be it Louis Napoleon and the Emperor Francis. This hope bas taken, strange to say, either success or failure for basts of its realization, the reasoning upon which it is made out is clear and comprehensible. ‘In either case,’’ say the partizans of the younger branch, ‘‘our case is nigh its triumph. Supposing that M. Bonaparte should be beaten by the Austrians, we come in nataraliy, as it ‘would be utterly impossible that he should ever show his face in Paris again, Sappose bim to be victorious, and seas come in by the armed intervention of Europe, wi Will not allow him to purguea career of victory and conquest, and will immediately combine to put an end to his ambition.”’ The Now of tune 23 announces that a ardint squadron, composed Of rour frigates, 18 ZOMg fo take prt in the maritime operations against Austria; those opera- tions will consist of three kinds in the Adriatic—blockade, attack and Janding of troops, The Sardinian squadroa will take pari in the operations of attack, The Paris 2ays takes upon itself to contradict two im- portant statements of its fellow government journal, tho Patrie—ono that 40,000 men had been ordered from Africa to the Adriatic, and the other that General Frion’s divi- sion of the army of Paris is going to Italy. All that has . been done, says the Pays, is to complete the effective ree of the different regiments now in Italy by sending out men who were absent on renewable leave, and re- cruits whose drill is finished. A new daily paper, Le Journal du Peuple, is announced for publication at Baris. It is to advocate an energetic War policy, and the total repeal of the treaties of 1815. The dally edition will be of no less than 200,000, which are either to be sold or given away. The London Jewish Chronicle remarks:—The names and ranks of 140 Jewish officers now serving in the French army in Italy have been published, This ig an extraor- dinary number, and yet the catalogue is incomplete, and & supplementary list is promised. As in France promo- motion entirely depends upon individual merit, we con. sider this number of officers az a most honorable testi- mony to Jewish bravery, skill and morality, espocialiy when it is borne in mind that the whole Jewish population of France does not exceed 100,000 souls. Those soldiers are found in all regiments, from tho guards to the bag- age train. We can imagine with what zest the Fr Jewish soldiers will fight the Austrians, the bigoted op- preseors-and persecutors of their brethren in Central Ka- rope. It would be curious to know how mauy Jewish ofil- cere serve In the Austrian army, Before Francis Joseph became the slavo of the concordat we know there were some in the Austrian army, but we have not heard of any. since the canonical law superseded the law of the land. The Puris Patrie announces that the 4th division of the army of Paris, commanded by General Frion, is under orders for Italy. Tt is reported that Generai de Ia Hitte, the president of the French Artillery Committee, who has tate the new rifled cannon his especia) study, is abou! to join the army of Italy. It iseaid that Count Paul Schonyaloff, one of the Em- ror Alexander's aldes de-camp, is on hie way to the eadquarters of the artoy of Italy, with an autograph letter from the Ozar to the Emperor Napoleon, The Sémaphore of Marseilles says:—The number of Austrian prigoners who have arrived at this port and Touton since the battle of Magenta is 7,224; #0 that Gea- oral Gyulai must haye made a alight mistake when he limited hig logs to 4,000 only. News bas reached Paris that Goveral Cotte, one of the Emperor's aldee-de-camp, who was with the army of Italy, has died suddenly from the bursting of an aneurism A Vienna despatch, dated June 24, states that tho Patrie, Pays, Constitutionnel, Mestager de Paris, Gourricr de Parisand Galignani’s Messenger, are prohibited. The Austrians bave been ss slow in tauing this measure ag they are in other things; almost all the German newapa- Papers destined for France have been regularly eeized in the French Post office for several months past: General Sauvan, who for some time commanded a brigade in Rome after the taking of that city by General Oudinot, bas just died in Paris, A Berlin letter states thata M. Krapp, a resident in a town of Westphalia, has just received from the Prussian government 100,000 thalers for 300 rifled cannons of his invention, toge' with an order for more to the value of (enbeeag 9 Tt is indeed blowing gang in Prussia just now, if this story is to be believed. A letter from Prague says:—Part of the French havo been sent to reside at Therescenstadt, “oped tae meretz, on the Elbe. They express gratitude for the manner in which they are treated by the Austrians, Three monsha’ allowance has been paid them in advance, ed, ee officers are allowed all the liberty their situation Mr. James Fazy, of Geneva, has arrived in Paris. Counts Telecky and Tur, who took so active a part in the Hui ution tee S Soe ncn Fevolution, have joined Garibaldi’a troops A Parisian journal of the 26th ult. observes:—All of reconquering Lombardy has vanished, loet it at the battle of Magenta, "an ey bara t she commenced to lose Venetia There still remains to her the quadrangle of her fortresses; but for bed beaten in every encounter, diecou: — Soaps , they are perhaps less a "defence cs The Paris Union saye:—Without waitin, a sults of this terrible battio ahall be made Sowa on, we hasten {9 pay to the invincible French soldiers the tribute i te a Nd ae fal ue alled the French name 90h Ow and resp 1086 who haye hasod blood ! ~ i ox: fh! Sorrow and respect for © victory with their noble The French Committee established by deoroe 18th of June, assembled on Saturday the 25th sticks ne the Palace of St. Cloud, under the presidency of the Km- press: Regent, and resolutions to effect that the national subscription for the ald of the wounded and the families of the kilied or wounded in the army of Italy ig now open and will remain so until the 1st of September; be made in money or in kind. The bh heb AS a to the offices of the Receivers General and other d ent to the Ministry of War, in Paria, wo wen Places to bo fixed on by the The French Comm: tiged for tendors for 60,000 igsary General in Brosoia has adver. lity bave ordered every cork dealor “and olbere ned ore to son a statement of the quantity they bayg fn hand, otberwieg Perquisition will be instantiy made in order to tuke the test SoS mstepce for vend the wants of the Al- lied army with the loast possible delay. Every effort is betug madeto send on stores of avery description, and there ia a coatioual stream of carts along tho road in tue track of the Freach army for the first ive or aix Kilo metres, In addition to contributions in monéy and uecossaries of all kinds for the wounded of the army of aly, 4438 the Moneur, the committes presided by her Majesty Empress receive many offers which prove the universad sympaiby inapired by the gallantry of the goldiers pow figbting in ty, M. Lairolio, of Quisac, bas placed at the disposal of the profect of the Gard, for tae wee of the ‘wounded end convalescent, bis chateau of Boissitre, uoar Nimo, and M, Gout de B.z2, proprictar of the abBoy of Lagrasse, near Carcassonne, hss algo offered that edillce to the Minister of War for the same purpose. The avbey ig capabie of accommodating 540 persons, and Wi sitasted in the saidst of a salubrious district. ‘The battle of Solferino can only be compared for longs to the battle of Hoohstedt, whol lasted from the moru' till ten at night. it was in this engagement that Gen: Lacourbe drove bim at epee ¢ the bayonct tbe Austrian troops commanded by Kray. Ty is weil known that the famous La Tour d’Auvergne foil im ths baitle. With respect to thé efforts of Austria to raise up bd Popo, the Paris Pags eays:—We, therefore, know of nothing more Yep ea ‘@ntiFrench and more Austrian than to excite of uneasiness in the pul- lic mind on things 80 facred and #0 entitled to respect as tho maintenance of the sovereignty of the Pope, surround- ed by all the practicable and sensible amoliorations te which the eminently goo? aud liberal hoart of his doliness: has never objeoted and will never object. A letter from Nice saye:—ituesia bas just sent frigates to Villafrancs to remove irom thonoce every articio ia the way of naval stores, provisions, aad oven sailors whick had been loft there. The officers are ignorant and the chiefs silent as tothe cause which cam have led te this sudden cotermipation. A Vienna letier ot the 2ist ult. in the Swabian staies that the Italian regiment, Archduke most of which disappeared in the battle of Msgoata, hi arrived in that city tothe number of 209 only and with- out arma, They are toremain at Vieoma for tho present, ‘Tae Tugoan and Piedmontese oe pte teem with accounts of the shocking scenes en: Perugia by the swise troops. A letter of the 2ist, from Arezzo, in the Corriere Mercantile of Genoa, annonnoos the errival tn that town of many persons whi Lad fled from Porugia, but in suai a sinte of terror and alarm that they were able to give but a very imperfect account of the barbarous proceod- ings of the Papal soldiers who odcupied the town. The lever acde:—Toe namber of killed and wounded durt the struggle appears to have been small, but aftor resiziance bad ceased the troops began to massacre the citizens indiscriminately, sparing neither age mor sex. The municipality attempted to stop this ‘and toft the town bull with a white flag for the purposo, but they were fircd upon by the coldiery, and Secretary Porta, who carried the flog, fell mortally wounded. scenes of Dicodshed suli continued on the 2ist, in spite of ali the efiorts of the municipal authorities, The Duke de San Donato, Major of the First regiment of tho Chasseurs of the Alps, having beeu—the youngest of his rank—sppointed commander of the depot, immediately sout in bis resignation to juln Garibaldi as a private, It is said that a very rich Englishman fought like » liom ia Garibaldi’s iegion at the capture of Yomo. Two other Englishmen who lived at Como, ia the house of the Mar- quis Brivio, scarosly escaped with their lives on account of their sympathy for Austria, Convinced of having, om the 27th of May, given useful information to Goueral Ur- Dan, they would’ bave been killed by the meb had they not been protected by Mr. Fisconti, the royal Jommisary. ‘The Paris correspondent of the London els , Writing on the night ot the 2d of July, furnishes the following war lvema:—It is reported thut poor Genoral Auger bas sao- cumbed uncer the wound which he received in the last baitie. The removal of the arm at the shouldor joiat was found necessary; but the unfortuuaie officer gave way us- der the operation. Two of the other generals who were said to have been glightly wounded are now reported to be in a precarious state. 1t is characterigtic of this (Solferino) and all other French reports that the nu nbders of the euemy are given in this tuetance at from 250,000 to 270,000, but not shose of the allies. Oa the other hand, the losses of the euemy are this time left blank, while those of the former are given in detail. That of the French is reported to hare been 12,720 killed and wounded; but I am assured that the true pumber is 14,000. Perbaps the dil may be accounted for by prisoners. Now that the French headqnarters are at Valoggio it is evident that the intention of the Allies is to cut off Muvtua from Verona, and thus, t with the opera- tions of the Piedisontese against Peschiera, to attack at ‘once three out of the four of the famous Austrian for- tresses; for if Verovs and Peschiera should be takem, Mantua would be niso lest. And when these three are fatlen, it would bea fitting time for negouations. Large subscriptions are bei made for the benefit of the families of the officers and soldiers killed in Italy, The municipal councils of Marseilles and Bordesux have exch subscribed 1,000 francs; Baron James Rothsohild, ‘Consul for Austria, 20,000 francs; the Corporation of Aus- tioneers—a licensed body here—1,000 francs; and many other parties have also subscribed. The contributions of liven for lint are enormous, and the railway companies carry such articles gratis. Ove of the French government papers gives the follow- ing as the total of the allied forces in the field at Soife- rino:—French—Infantry , 87,000; cavalry, 8,400; artillery, 7,000; total French, 103,400, Sardinian, 86, Total, 157,460. "But, it is added, a considerable humbor of these were not engaged at all. The Austrian journals state that tho battle of Solferino has produced a great effsct in Germany, and th frankly admit that in Austria tt has caused a most mata im- pression, The Vienna Gazette, however, isto mind that the Austrian monarchy 2a encountered many simi- Jar trials, and bas passed through them all. “In the campaigns of Prince Eugene,” {t says, “in the seven ‘ears’ war, iv those of taé Archduke Charlos, and in 1080 offRadetzky, the arms of Austria were on various occasions humiliated, and yet daya have always come on which our flag has been victoriously raised. The remem- pene of eT ele a difficult conflicis, ought to console us ‘9 rigor of the present moment us confidence in the future.’ wager ih The lapguage of tho other German journals is. very ob- Scure, ag they only agree in describing tho military pro- positions which Prussia had submitted to the Dict. She intends, it appears, to confide to Bavaris the command of the soventh and eighth corps d’armée, which are to be placed on the Upper Rhine, and she demands for herself the command of the ninth and tenth corps of the federal army. Prussia has besides put in movement the fifth corps of her own army, whiob is about to take up a po- ston Ia the environs of Mants. As to the policy whiol eee mui! measures are destined to support - man journals teave us in uncertainty, Port te Gee lo INNER LIFE OF TRE HOUSE OF ¢)MMONS. ren {From the London Illustrated News } DOWNFALL OF THE DERBY GOVERNMENT. The fali of the Derby government Presents us with one more instance of ‘ vaulting ambition o’erleaping itself.’? The very means which the late governmont used to se- cure its porition have destroyed it. and now, within three weeks of the meeting of Parliament, the conserva- . J a ae a Mberals are in, '¥8 we shell have no business in the house to chronicle. Wo will, therefore, take the opportunity of saying a fow words elucidative of the words ‘ Cabinet’ and iin try,” and then run over the list of the members of the new ministry, and pre ent to our roaders slight sketches of the gentlemen who are to compose that notable body, The Queen Is the constitvional executor een ie executor of the laws England. The Queen has, however, to assiet her by An advice, a council, This council is called “Ber Majesty's Privy Council.” Tho members of this body are appointed ing the Rovereugn sands may be removed at her p! privy councillor is distinguished by the titie Right Honorabie.”” ‘Tho number of privy Councillors “ catia ed. Jt now amounts to above 250, but It is constantly re- ceiving addisions, tonally, this is the council of the Crown. But in this cage, ag in many Others, the prac- tice is different to the theory. The theory is that the Privy Council do advise her Majesty on all important State metters. The practice is that most of them are mere honorary councillors, and do nothing at all; practi- cally there are two bodies’ of Privy Councillors, selected from the general. body go specially appoiuted from the duties which they are called upon to Firat, the ‘Committee of Privy Councillors,” consisting of judge and other eminent lawyers, which manages a cor- fain Class of judicial business, consisting of hearing appeals. from the courts in our colo- nies, and from the Admiralt and — Eoclesiastical Courts; and, secondly, “the ry,” which ts really the exscutive body of the State. ‘This latter body, tha Ministry, is divided into two pastas vis: those who have seats in ‘the Cabinet” and who have not. The “Cabinet” is 80 called because it was formerly composed. of members of the Privy Council whom the Sovereign specially selected as her confidential advisors, and sum- the Min! are entirely dit indeed, the title of rely datncd title, Thore is a tradition from the Privy Councii; that a Pri Coxna! silor har Privy right at any time to de- mend an audience of the phate right not fallen into desustude, it is rarel tat ie nd advisors of the Crown now aro the Cabinet Mi Ministry, including of course the gel bie me rg chosen Md the Sovereign; is sole: y. jesty. But, as her eee to choose those, and those only, who have the con. fidence of the Houge of Commons, it follows, as we know, ihe per tony wasabi tee gaan ese Toe members of the ministry who are ner te Geers are tos heads of departments, wr ris to the ‘ot for their actions, inet 1m Parliament tions ‘called Cabinet questions; and if they cannot do ‘thts orosign ant posts aro make room for Sonn, = Sears sup or Bod tye every member of f Hinoo the Reform il good deal oF iatieaa se es lowed, and what are called « open questions” are daily becoming more commen. “Open questions’? are those which government generally rapport Or oppose, but om does not insist upon the support or opposition one of the ministers. The question of church, of “open questions,”’ of m Vernment voted for the abolition; and in Lord 7 ernment there was Lord Stanley who pple. voted lor the abolition, ‘Tho ballot is another open qui Beforo tho Reform bill Riaset, on almost covery wpe every minister of the Crown was to Supt government or resign his post. But the froir ho made members more direct! responsible Meo to their constituencies, and we fowPfovernmeat could FOr ears Pome of the members ard of thoir seats, Honea he m, except at L“iecome more common, ts The aeuber oo ae "Of the Cablact ia genoralg