The New York Herald Newspaper, June 20, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORvVON BENNER, ee aN eee Le lice Tk DAILY MEMALD. wo conta por THs nL) UhKALD. every” Saturday, a 8x coe copy. 0: 85 bor ss Rainy the Hropean Bison every Wea shite ¢ nts per sory. Ber anauan to any park root By iia, takior 1" Aeign on the Sih ond! ds of wach month adobe omni 5 or 8\ Ot per annvem. Tk FAMILY HERALD, on Wednewiay, of four conte per sopy, 0° $2 per as num. . 91 per ammein. Volume XX1V. seecselllae 170 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Tam Wan i Ttary. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Tne Qaru or VEN- Granck—10M AND JERKY IN New York, METPOPOLITSN THEATSE (Late Burtoa’s)—ARt 4nd Agtinice—PORTY axD Firty. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Pavpeen O'Rar- reRIY—YOUNG ACIKESS, LAURA KERNE’S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway—Orx- pEscia—A& Favortte Faror SUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Afer. neue Nrnaein Vavouts, “Rveniug~Macto Wali—Hour m tar Wau. en ‘WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILVING, 561 and 563 Broadway— Brmoriax Sones, Darces, 40.—Kruuoan Saasa Ur, BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS MKCT ANICT HALL, 427 Broad way.—Ne&aRO SoNGS avy Bueiesgoes—Hor oF Fasuion. HOOLEFY'S MINSTRELS, No. 414 Broadway,—Eruiortan Boxas, Dances, &¢.—KAILROaD Ba rLusiox. New York, Mondny, Jane MAILS FOR THE PACIFIC. New York Horald—Caltfornia Edition. ‘Tae United States mail steamship Star of the West, Captain Gray, will leave this port this afternoon, at two o'clock, for Aspinwall ‘Tho maita for California and other parts of the Pacitlo will close at one o’clock this afternoon. Tho New York Weeuty Henaup—California edition containing the latest tntelligence from all parts of the world, will be published at tes o’clock ip the morning, ‘Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents. Agents will please send in their orders as early as poe sible. ‘The News. By the arrival of the Anglo Saxon at Quebec yesterday we have some additional details of news from Europe to the 5th inst. The telegraph des- patches from the seat of war in Italy relative to the battle of Magenta are highly important. The battle commenced on the 4th inst. and lasted two days. The fight took place at Magenta, some twelve miles from Milan, and it is stated that three hundred thousand men were engaged in the conflict. The French Emperor partially commanded, and the King f Sardinia was near the scene of action. Na, poleon claims a decisive victory, and says they took 7,000 Austrians prisoners, while 12,000 more were placed hors de combat. He also states the French loss to be 3,000, while other reports repre- sent it at between 9,000 and 12,000 men. The French General Espinasse was killed, and Marshal Canrobert mortally wounded. Five French Mar- shals and Generals and nine Austrian superior offi- cers were wounded. Milan was evacuated by the Austrians, and its inhabitants had declared in favor of the King of Sardinia, but the French had not occupied the city. On the reception of the news of the victory in Paris the city was illuminated. The Queen delivered her opening speech to the British Parliament on the 7th. A synopsis of it is given in our telegraphic summary of the news. She proclaims strict and impartial neutrality in the pending war. The intelligence from the seat of war had hada favorable effect on public securities. C Ws in London advanced halfacent, and in Paris the etive at higher prices. pool the cotton market was weak, and a decline of one-eighth of a penny is reported. Breadstuffs and provisions were dull. The India mail of May 20th had reached Eng- land, with reports of a great monetary panic. The next advices from Europe are looked for with most intense anxiety all over the country. They will come in the shape of newspaper reports, containing the details of the battle of Magenta, and three days later news than that brought by the Anglo-Saxon. The following steamers are now atsea, bound for this port, having left in the order and on the dates annexed:— will most probably arrive here to- morrow at noon. We have news from Turks Island to the 4th inst, The Royal Standard of that day says:—There has been very little done this week in salt. One ves- sel loade: this and two at Salt Cay—all of which were chartered in New York for parties at these islands. We have a considerable quantity on hand, but there is no probability of any being gathered before the middle of July, in consequence of the heavy rain. Price nominal: last sales at 7c. At Cockburn Harbor, East Caicos, many of the pans have been overflowed and a considerable quantity of salt wasted, and there is little chance of a bushel being gathered at that place for two months. At the time we are writing the weather looks gloomy: There is a drenching rain falling. Our correspondent in Bermuda, writing on the 10th instant, states that vessels from New York had had very long passages lately. Governor Murray was about to leave and go to England. The Receiver General of the colony had resigned owing to a deficit in the revenue. The weather was particularly fine. The European news received by the Anglo-Saxon on Sa- turdsy checked eales of cotton end tended to unsettle quotations, which, however, were without quotable change, midcling uplands standing at ubout 11%c., though sales were confined to only about 400 bales, too email a quantity to show the iniluence of the news, which was at hand at too late a period in the day for its effects | to be tested, Flour war again heavy, lower and unset- ted, while gales of atl kinds were Imited. Wheat was beayy and prices dull, while gales were quite small. A eale of Kentucky white was made at $1 604 $1 8334. Corn wag beavy and lower; old Weatern mixed sold at Slc., new do, at 88c., round yellow at 88c., with Southern and Jersey yellow at 870. 2880. Pork was again heavy and lower; wales of new meas Were made at $16 50, thin mncee $17, and prime at $14 40 a $14 59, with sales of meas, deliverable in all the year and on or before the 1st of November noxt, at $16. Beef was steady, and lard heavy. begements were light and rates unchanged. Wuat Has Become or tHe Arnicay-Frencu Gevenats’—What has become of all the bril- liant French Generals, such as Changarnicr and Lamoniciére, who made such a reputation in Algeria? Why don’t those who are at large return to: their country and offer their services in fighting its bettles? Will they not show as mveh patriotism as Henry the Fifth, who, when the war broke out, declared he would no longer remain in Austria while she was at war with his “pbeloved” country! If there are any of them still in exile—and we believe there are many who refused to accept leave to return on the conditions offered to them—unow is the propi- tious time for the French Emperor to recall them, in order that they may join his ranks and help to fight for France once more on the glo- thous old battle ficld of Italy. Coffee was quict and sales limited. Freight en. | The Great Battle at Mogenta—Advance of the Alli 5 in. Lomvardy. The steawsbip Anglo-Saxon arrived feom Li- verpool at Farther Point o Saturday morning, on her way to Quebec, and reached the latter place yesterda worming. ‘The highly important inteltigence from the seat of war, as it came to us ina brief despatch from Farth:: Point, we laid before our readers yesterday, »rd we are now «ble to give some further de‘ails of the heavy action between the Allies and the Aus- ir ave vt Magenta, which we have since received from Quebes. Previous advices by the Europa r:presented th: Austrians as in f Jl retreat across te ‘Ticino into Lombardy, ard from the acco mt of the gicat battle at Magenta it appears that the Allies pressed on with theic whole moveable fore: «+ (We points on that river, drove the enemy across into their own territory, and brough them to an act’on at Magenta, a city only twelve miles dis- tance from Milan, the L. mbard capital. Ia the wegnitude of the numbers engaged, in the beavy loss on both sides, and in the destructi 1 of gene- ral cfice's and others of high rank, this battle was one of the greatest of modern times. There were epgaged in the field not much less than 300,000 men; from a hundred to a hundred and thirty thousand of the Allies; and from a hundred and fifty to a hundred and eighty thousand Aus- triens. On the side of the Allies from nine to twelve thousand were killed and wounded, including the French General Espinasse, who was killed, aud Marshal Canrobert, who fell mortally wounded, The Austrians, it is eaid, lost twenty thousand, of whom over twelve thousand were killed and wounded, and seven thoueund taken prisoners, Their own accounts admit they had four Generals and five staff officers wounded. The French captured three cannon and two standards from the enemy, and the Austrians took one cannon from the Allies. Louis Napoleon took part in the action, probably supported by the King of Sardinia; but from the fact that General McMahon was rewarded with a Marehal’s baton and the title of Duke of Mageate on the field, it would seem tha‘ the hottest part of the battle was conducted by him, he probably having taken command when Canro. bert fell. Field Marshal Baron Hess commanded the Austrians, Frapcis Joeeph not having then reached tbat point. The defeat at Magenta, which resulted to the Austrians after two days’ terrible fighting, was followed by an immediate ineurrection in Milan, which proclaimed for the cause of Sardinia and Italy. The Austrian gar- rison was therefore compelled to abandon it; but to what point they withdrew is not stated. The probability is, however, that their whole force has retired in the direction of the Mincio. At the latest accounts the French had not taken possession of Milan ; but according to the despatches of Louis Napoleon, they had taken all the treasure and caunon, as well as 12,000 muskets, which the Austrians had left behind them in that capital. The entry of Victor Emanuel into the city was annonnced to take place on the 7th of June. Such, in brief, are the points of the action at Magenta, commenced on the 4th of June and continued to the night of the 6th. The French Emperor claims it as a decisive victory, but on the other hand the Austrian accounts speak of it as aeries of battles with varied successes and heavy losses on both sides. There is no doubt that it was a running fight, and though called the battle & Magenta, was really fought at threo different points: Buffalora, Turbigo, and Magenta; and when we consider that the Allies captured only three cannon, one of which was counter- balanced by the fact of the enemy taking one also, it cannot be esteemed a rout, or even a very serious defeat. In a general rout the first thing the beaten army does is to abandon its artillery and bag gege. The Austrians have not done so in thi case. That they abandoned Milan was a strateg- ical necessity, because it became untenable in the midst of an insurrectionary population, and in front of a foreign enemy in force; and, moreover, it is not very strongly fortified. At the battle of Castiglione, in 1796, the first Napoleon took seventy field pieces and all the caisons of the enemy; and when we remember that at the fight at Palestro, which occurred a few days previous to this affair at Magenta, the Allies took nine guns, the capture of three can- nons and two standards was rather a mall affair. In this view we are disposed to look upon the battle of Magenta rather in the light of a drawn battle than a decisive victory, admitting of course the advantage gained by the Allivs in securing a position on the left bank of the Ticno. The conflict commenced by the Allies crossing the Ticino at Buffalora and Turbigo. The for- mer town stands on the Austrian side of the river, is situated about twenty-five miles north- west of Pavia, has « population of 1,200, and is celebrated for its magnificent bridge of twelve arches of solid masonry which spans tlie river, thus uniting Lombardy with Piedmont. Tur- | bigo occupies a point on the river a little to the | north of Buffalora, about thirteen miles from | Milan and eighteen from Cuggiono. Magenta is # small town of about five thousand inhabitants, lying nearly midway between Milan and the Ticino, The Ticino iteelf has a course of some hundred and twenty-five miles, rising on the southern declivity of Mount St. Gothard, in Switzerland, traversing Lake Maggiore and en- tering Piedmont ai the southern point of the | lake, near Laveno, and rusning southeasterly, | joins the Po three and a half miles southeast of Pavia, thus forming the boundary between Lom- bardy and the Sardinian territory. It is naviga- ble above Lake Maggiore, and at its lower point | forms many islands, and supplies the canal of | Naviglio Grande. | The passage of the Allies was strongly con- | tested both at Boffalora and Turbigo—the fight | at the Jatter place being doubtful for an entire day—the Austrians retiring as far as Magenta, where it would appear tbe fight came to a crisis. Tbe moral effect of even a temporary defeat at | the opening of a campaign is depressing to any army, but we are not disposed to give i¢ much | Importance in this instance, Assuming that the Austrians were not very badly beaten at Ma genta, and considering that they have in their rear several strongly fortified, almost impreg- pable cities, well garrisoned, to fall back upon, and a fresh army of fifty thousand men un- der Clam-Gallas having just come to their support through the Tyrol, we do not anti- cipate that one reverse can break down their ardor, but will probably stimulate them to new daring. Besides, while the Tyrol is | open to them, and the communication between | Vienna and all their strong pointe—Verona, Man- | tua, Peschicra, Legnano, Bresica, and Milan | iteclf—is eo immediate, there is no reason to re- | gard the position of the Austrians as either dan- ; erous or desperate enough to dispirit and de- moralize the Empire by a defeat, even if it NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JUNE 20, 1859. prove io have been a disastrous one. is well known tbat troops can be seut from Vienna to Milan, by way of Trivste and Venice, by the railroad, in seventy-five hours, while it takes a nuch longer time for the Allies to receive eupport from Paris at the same point, whether reipforcements be despatched by the pasees of Mont Cenfs and Suea, or by Toulon to Genoa, and thence to Milan; the former route being tedious and difficult, and the latter involving much delay in embarking and disem- barking the troops. We anticipate that the really great battle of the campuign is yet to be fought under the walls of Verona, where on 80 many previous occa- sions, from 1796 to 1848, the attempts of an evemy to pass the Adige were severely con- tested. The equare encompassed by the fortified towns of Verona, Peschiera, Mantua and Legnano, if well defended, is to the fortunes of Austria what 4 well maintained square of infantry often is in turning the ecale of battle. Custom House Retrenchment and the Growth of Trede—A Word in Behalf of New York Merchants. The Secretary of the Treasury, with the very laudable aim in view cf reducing the cost of col- lection of the public revenue, has recently issued an order for the cutting down of the working force of the various Custom Houses all over the country. This step, neceesary as a general thing, and of easy piractical operation in many places without prejudice to commerce, is in others likely to have a pernicious effect on the facilities which the merchants have a right to demand at the hands of the government. We bave no doubt that Mr. Cobb, in his efforts to diminish the number of useless and idle pensioners on the treasury, firde himeelf harassed, and perhaps in some degree thwarted, by the persietent efforts of the loca) politicians to keep their respective friends and hangers-on in the public pay. In his efforts at retrenchment and reform he will no doubt incur in some districts odium among the politicians; but we truet that he will not permit that fact to swerve him from his duty to the country and to the administration of which he is a mem ber. The changes that have occurred and ere continually occurring in the tides of commerce render impossible the perma- nent establishment of the number of per- sons necessary in any particular locality for the service of the revenue department. While the aggregate commerce of the country is con- stantly increasing, it follows the great channels of communication, and obeys its natural law of centralization. ‘Thus, while in come of the ports of entry the labors of the service inerease with the incrcas- ing volume of trade, in others it falls off, aud leaves Custom Houses without commerce, and a corps of public officers without labor to perform. This fuct may be distasteful to the local politi- cians, who look with unfriendly eye on any diminution of the number and pay of the public officers in their particular districts, but it ren- ders a general order for the reduction of the revenue force partial and unjust in its effect on the general interest. Nowhere is this result more clearly seen than in its operation on the trade of New York. For years past our mer- chants have felt severely the scanty facilities that are afforded in our Custom House and all the revenue collectiog departments for their commercial operations. In the first place, ihe transactions are confined to a small and cramped Custom House, where al! dey long queues of persons desirous of transacting the necessary documentary labors are formed and patiently waiting, in some cases hours, for their turn at the desk. Then the papers accumulate in the hands of the clerks, in- competent from insufficiency of numbers to per- form the necessary labor of revisf@n and entry during the usual office hours, avd the merchant is compelled to hire them to do extra work during the night so that the business of the day may be done. ‘This is bad extough of itself; but the evil is still greater when the merchant endeavors to get his goods out of the Custom House store, into which he bas got them with so much difficulty. So great is the crowd of business, and go insufficient for its performance is the number of employés, that oftentimes several weeks pass away before his turn comes to have his goods examined and de- spatched. In this way a great injury is done to the New York merchant. His efforts to advance commerce and save time and interest on capital invested, by employing steamers in the transpor- tation of his merchandise, paying extra freight and extra insurance therefor, are often nullified by the delay in passing his goods through the Custom House. Sometimes his market is lost by the close of the ceason, while in other porte, lees business to do and a greater proportion of officers, enables other merchants to precede him in taking advantage of the favorable ecason for trade. Onr merchants have to calculate all this, and are forced to look upon our New York Cus- tom House as one of the greatest impediments to their business. This is all wrong, and should not be permitted to continue. The force and the accommddation of every Custom House should be strictly appor- tioned to the amount of business the trade of the country requires it to tranvact. And political reacons and the grumbling of politicians should not be allowed to have any influence in the question of increase or decrease of the number of persons employed. The tra‘h is that the whole system of our revenue and ireasury department needs reorganization and simplification. Organ- ised by Alexander Hamilton with the first organization of the country, it his grown with our growth, till it has become a1 immense and unwieldy patchwork of checks and inconsisten- cics, which delay the transaction of all public business without increasing the security of the public revenues in any way. We look hopefully forwerd to the time when some man, not a poli- ticlan, and possessing a genius for systematic detail and organization, shall become Secretary of the Treasury, and reorganise that now cum- bersome department. In the meantime, we trust Mr. Cobb will not permit the outeries of corrupt politicians to epply an impracticable Procustean rule to all our Custom Houses. Tue Barrie ov Macenta—Tue Errecr or vue News 1x New York —Our reporters have been through the city yesterday, aid noted the effects which the intelligence of the battle of Magcuta produced smong the various nationali- tice. What they have seen and heard a 1d noted is recorded eleewhere, and is quite noteworthy. One effect of the ne +s, which we should not overlook, is the immense demand created by it for the Sunday Henan, of which over seventy thousend copies were sold yesterday in this city alone. Look out for the next great battle of the campaign. It i The Secret Engogements between Rusa ond France=Work for the Next European Con~ ies The news by the Anglo Saxon, at Quebeo, relative to the attitade of Russia ia the preseat war is very significant, Inu a civoular to the Russian Envoys to the several Courts of Ger- many, Prince Gortschakoff declares “ that if Gomeny gees to the aid of Ausiria, th: political equilibrium resulting from the treaties by which the German Confedera- tion is constituted will be destroyed.” The tone of this circular, taken in connection with the language held by the Russian journals in reference to the treaties of 1815 plainly indi- cites the nature of the engagements entered into between Napoleon and Alexander. The Czar’s organs wou'd not speak so emphatically Germany and s0 slightingly of the arrange- wents of 1815, by which Russia has profited se lorgely, if there were not an ulterior design to disturb the existing treaties. It will be recollected that in the territorial re-distribution of Europe proposed in the first sittings of the Congress of Vienna, Russia was dissatieficd with tbe share of the spoils appor- tioned to her, Alexander insisted that the whole of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw should be roade over to her, as an indemnity for the cacri- ficcs she bad made during the war. Lord Cas- iereagh strongly opposed these pretensions, se- conded by Prince Metternich and M. Talleyrand, and the differences arising out of the claims of Russia and the proposed annexation of Suxony to Prussia finally resulted in the secret treaty of alliance between Austria, France and Eogland. It was only the return of Napoleon from Elba, and the consternation created by it amongst the Allies, which had the effect of reconciling theie conflicting views uj on these points, Russia was, greatly against her inclination, compelled to accept of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw without the fortress of Thorn and its dependent territory, whilst portion of it, containing eight bundred thousand inhabi- tants, was ceded to Prussia, in addition to the whole of the territories which she poxsersed be- fore the battle of Jena. Another stipulation to which the Czar was reluctantly obliged to give his consent was, that Poland should not be incor- porated with Russia, but should form a separate kingdom, preserving its own laws, institutions language and religion—a condition that was in part subsequently violated in 1830. Russia, therefore, as we have shown, although so largely a gainer by the treaties of Vienna, has still her reasons for being dissatisfied with them. Secure in the poscession of what they brought her, she would be glad to have them revised in the hope of obtaining further additions to her European territories. The millions of Sclaves who are included among the subjects of the Aus- irian empire would be a welcome increase to her own population, whilst their transfer would be a benefit to themselves. The reintegration of the Polish terr’tories is, also, perhaps, another of the objects which are embraced in the scheme of her understanding with France. Much, however, as Russia may covet these objecte, they are of far leas importance in her eyes than the cancelling of the treaties of 1854, which impose insurmountable barriers to the realization of her designs on Turkey and the ex- tension of her sway to the shores of the Medi- terranean. Although the present Czar professes a policy of peace anda desire for the internal improvement of his empire, there is reason to believe that his present quiescence is the result rather of circumstances than of inclination. When the moment comes when Russia can wipe out the memory of her reverses in the Crimea, and free herself from the restrictions imposed upon her by the treaty of Paris, it will, we think, be found that Alexander is just as eager to carry out the traditional policy of his predecessors as his father was before him. This, however, can only be done by the exten- dion of the conflict now waging in Italy to the Continent generally. Both the Russian and French emperors are too deeply impressed with the necessity of conciliating the public opinion of Europe to take any steps which might serve to precipitate a general war. Neither will make any move in that direction until all the resources of negotiation sball appear to have been exhaust- ed. As soon as the capture of the principal for- tresses in Lombardy will have rendered the furth- er tenure of that province impossible by the Aus- trians, Louis Napoleon will make another effort to inéuce Francis Joseph to make a formal re- naangiation of his pretensions in Italy. Failing in that, be will unquestionably carry the war into the Aestrian territories, for by such means only can its objects be attained. It will then be seen whether the German Diet will persevere in their intention to consider his entrance upon Austrian soil an invasion of their federal interests. If they do, nothing can save Europe from a general war. Russia is bound to support France as soon as the armies of the Confederation are brought into the field, and she has too many important objects to gain by the fulfilment of her engagements to ren- der her sccession from them likely. A struggle like this between the greatest mili- tary Powers of the world, who will be pretty evenly balanced if Prussia acts with the Diet, cannot fail to be a prolonged and sanguinary one. Notwithstanding all that is said about the ten- dency of the recent improvements in ordnance to curtail hostilities, we believe that they will bave but little effect in abridging the duration of euchawar. Taking the casualties reported in the recent great battle at Magenta, in relation to the large number of troops engaged, we do not think that they offer any larger proportion of men put /ors de combat than is to be found in the statistics of previous engagements of the same importance. So far as the losses amongst the higher officers are concerned, there appears to be @ greater number than usual; but this only proves the greater efficiency of the rifle corps of the two armies, which are but a small feature of their organization. It is probable, therefore, that the hopes of a speedy termination of the war, which have been founded on these scientific improvements, will tarn out to be fallacious. The struggle will have to be fought out until the resources of the belligerents are exhausted, and then they will be compelled to have resort to the usual expedient in such cases—a gencral congress for the settlement of their difficulties. Whenever this takes place wo may expect to witness an entire revision of existing European treaties, from those of 1815 down to the present Gey. France will then succeed in restoring her old boundaries to the Rhine, while Russia will eponge out the new line of frontier imposed on her in Bessarabia, and all other barriers set up by the Treaty of Paris to her pretensions in the Principalitics and her encroachments on Tur- key. In addition to this, vast territorial chaages will probably be made in Germany by the dis- memberment of Austria and the partition of her Gependencive amongst the other Powers, Thus Evrope will see the i)-gotten gains of a selfish aud perfidious policy scattered to the winde, aud the diplomatic work of the last half century ex- tirely reversed, Ce News from Mexioo—The New Phuscs iu Mexican Affairs. We publish elsewhere to-day an interesting letter from our Vera Cruz correspondent, which not only exhibits a truthful picture of the condi tion of that unhappy country, but aleo gives a ooreot reflex of the general opinion among natives and foreigners, persons in office and out of‘, as to the only remedy and hope of that dis- tracted republic, The picture of the condition of the country does not differ from what has been given from time to time in these columns for a long time past. It may be summed up in the single ex- preesion, political, eocial, and moral disintegra- tion, On the remedy sought for we have a few words to say, It awounts to this:—Confessing our inability to reconstitute society and reor- ganize the nation, we call upon you, government of the United States, as Christians and neigh- bors, to put your hands in your pockets, and, paying out several millions of dollars of your own money, to send two or three thousand of your soldiers here, place President Juarez in our Presidential chair keep your soldiers here to retain him in place as long as he wants them, and then, under your solemn promise-—which you are ex- pected to give when you do this alms—to take them away again, leaving us to enjoy the fruit of your expenditure of your own treasure and your own blood. Such, we are told, is the request which the Mexican Minister at Washington is instructed to preeent to our government; and we know that it has beam the view taken for some time past by both natives ana foreigners in Mexico, of the course the United States should pursue ia their relations with the neighboring republic. In this view the constitutional party is not alone; the pricstridden faction entertain the same views, onl; with the difference that instead of lookiug to the United States, they look ty Isabel Segunda or Louis Napoleon to pay the money, send the troops, and do the handsome thing. With all parties the grounds and reasons advanced are precisely the same—self-confessed incapacity and poverty, and the duty of Christians aad neighbors. Now, both the arguments and the expectations are abeurd upon their very face. They are not only inconsistent with the duties of our own government, but they strike at the very root of Mexican independence apd nationality. Our government is instituted ‘or the purpose of taking care of our own affairs, not for that of meddling with thoge of other nations. Its revenues are collected by an elaborate system of taxation from the pockets of our own people, and caunot be diverted from its use for their benefit without changing the whole policy and aim of our go- vernment. How the settlement of Mexican politics for the advantage of the Mexicans, but a the cost of the American people, is going to benefit the latter as a people, is not so clear. It may benefit individual Americans, but that cur government has no power to do. As for Christianity and neighborhood, they confer nei- ther the obligation nor the right of intervention in the affairs of any people. They have always been the plea of kingcraft when it has wished to carry out ambitious designs; but the faterven- iioh of a foreign government in the scttlement of the domestic affairs of a nation is inconsis- tent with national existence. It is the most dan- gerous principle that could be admitted, for if it gives to one party the right to call us in to establish free institutions, it covcedes to any other party the right to call in France or Spain to establish those of an opposite tendency. If this has been the only solution which the Juarez government can find for the present crisis in its affairs, it is a confession of its own incapacity; and if Mr. McLane has not been able to impress higher truths upon its members, we believe it must be owing to the fact of his inability to confer with them in their own tongue, and the necessity of conveying his ideas to them through the Dead Sea of diplo- matic correspondence, or the weak alembic of the inferior brain of a mere word interpreter. We are loth to believe that an American minis- ter in Mexico has encouraged etch weak hopes. But even if this alms of American treasure and blood could be granted to President Juarez, the amount that he supposes would suffice would be utterly incompetent to attain the proposed end. The disintegration of Mexico is already preeent- ing another phase than that of mere inability to reorganize the republic. The old republic is broken up, and several new ones are already in germ among its fragments. Yesterday we pub- lished news from Sonora of Pesqueira’s designs. He governs that distant State with arbitrary sway, and having recently conquered the adjoin- ing one of Sinaloa from the rebellious priesthood, intends to erect the two into an independent re- public, possibly with the addition of Lower Cali- fornia, Already he has sent to San Francizco for the materials he requires. To-day we pub- lish in another column the official announcement that the States of Sun Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, Durango, Aguascalientes and Guanajuato have agreed to ignore Degollado, the appointee of President Juarez, and to accept Coy. Vidaurri as commander-in-chief of the army. Vidaurri already governs New Leon and Coahn'la, and the present movement looks like a plan to estab- lish @ separate northern republic. We shall not be surpriced at any change tbat may take place in the present crisis in Mexican affairs. San Francisco Sermye 4 Goon Examrre to Loxpox.—By our latest dates from California we perceive that the editor and proprictor of one of the San Francisco journals has been mulcted in the sum of one hundred dollars, as a penalty for making an obscene publication, said publication being the “confession” of Mrs. Sickles, which, though not admitted as evidence in the trial of Mr. Sickles, formed part of the case for the de- fence, and as such was printed by the newspa- pers generally throughout this country, and re- produced in many foreign papers. Among these was the London Morning Post, in which no por- tion of the trial except the “confession,” which was printed entire, appeared. Now the Post is the organ of Lord Palmerston, the chosen medi- um for the announcement of the movements of the British aristocracy—the anxiously looked for exhilarant of the beauty who has just come out; the solace of the dowager who has just gone in; the daily chronicler of Court movements; the exponent of Belgravia; the authority of May Fair. Nothing low or vulgar—not to say ob- scenc—is permitted to soil this aristocratic sheet, which is printed and circulated in the heart of the most refined and clegant class in the world. It bas remained, however, for San Francisco, the —— ence cnt City of Vigilance Committess, to give « lesson ig Manners to the Indies of the Queen’s drawiag room and the heavy swells of the Pall Mall clubs, What's the matter? [3 Sau Feauctaco getting more morut (and there was rooin for ta provement), and is London society comiug dawa to the mining level? We have heard, in the course of our existence, of some pretty cook things; but this piece of pradery, from suck a source, strikes us as being positively icy. Pretty soon we ebail hear of miuers turaiog missions ries, and Mexioan greasers leading prayer meet- ings. Trape or Cutna anp Jaran.—In another Column will be found a report of the spe :h de- livered by Lord Elgin at the London Mansion House on the results of his lete mission to China, A few weeks since Mr. Reed, our own Commis- sioner, made a similar speech in Philadelphia, in which he demonstrated the immense advautages that would accrue to the commerve of the world from the opering of the trade of that empire and of Japan, He also showed that the reports that bad been circulated about his having, in collusion with Count Poutiatine, the Russian Minister, ea- deavored to frustrate the objects of Lord Elgia’s mission, had not a shadow of foundation. It willl be recollected that the London Times gave cireu- lation to theve statements, and rendered them aa offensive us possible by itscomments. Beforehe left China Lord Elgin took the opportunity of Tefuting theee iwputations on Mr. Reed, and of praising his exertions in the general interests, In his recent statement his lordship confirms all that fell from Mr. Reed in regard to the impor- tant benefits that were likely to result to the world from the opening of the trade of that im- mense empire aud of Japan. His speeoh, al- though a smart and telliag one, somewhat post prandial in its character, adds but little to the information conveyed in the interesting report of our own Minister. Tox New City Ixsrecror—A New Lear TunNED IN THE Municrrar. Boox.—The best man we bave ever bad for a City Inspector is the pre- cent incumbent, Mr. Daniel E. Delavan. He ia the most popular officer in the Corporation, and from the measures he is inaugurating on bis ac- ceseion to office, there is every prospect of our baving the streets clean at last. He is turning a new leaf in our municipal history, and we trust he will receive the cordial co-operation of all citizens, without distinction of party, by their setting an example of cleanliness themselves, and. insisting that their neighbors shall do the same, either by persuasion or compulsion. One dirty family in a block poisons the atmosphere of the whole, and for the general health and benefit the law ought to be rigidly and vigorously carried out in every case. Mr. Delavan has addressed a letter to the public, fn which he warns all whom it may con- cern that by violating the city ordinances they expose themselves to the penalties annexed. 1, By throwing ashes, garbage and filth upom the streeta, 2. By the placing on the streets the filth re- moved from yards and cellars, and the rubbish | and old material from the repairs of buildings. 3. By throwing into the streets and gutters: noxious, impure, offensive liquids and eub- stances, 4. By merchants and dealers permitting shay. ings, straw ond other substances used in packing, to be cast upon the sidewalk, from whenog | it is soon scattered over the street, whereag | it is the duty of such persons to have this rule bish removed at once at their own expense. ; 5, By the daily sweepings from shops or sto thrown into the streets or gutters, instead of bes ing placed in some receptacle to be removed b the corporation carts appointed for that pi 8 A single violation of the law in any of the for going particulars is of course offensive, and fara public nuisance. But it is the number o persons who are guilty of violating all of then that render the streets so filthy and disgusting and unhealthy as they are. People argue thu Ifour neighbors violate the law with impuni we can do the same, and we will not take the trouble, or incur the expense of observing clean liness. Now, the true way to keep the city clean] is to punish every person who contributes even in| the smallest degree, to make it filthy. If we know Mr. Delavan,we think he is just the man who will not shrink from his duty, and who, after he has given fair warning of his intentions, will not hesitate to make examples of those who pay no attention to his admonitions, He may rest as- sured that in following this course he will have the support and approbation of the vast majority of the citizens, and that by persevering in it he will not only soon have a clean city, but become the most popular public officer this city has seem! for many years. There is one class of men who are bound to! aseist the City Inspector in keeping the ci clean, but who hitherto have sadly neglected that part of their daty—we mean the Metropoli- tan police. The majority of these men seem to luxuriate in the filth around them, and never re-| port the violation of the laws. The Commission- ers of Police ought to render it imperative on each officer to complain to the City Inspector o! any violation of the city ordinances within his| “beat,” and to punish disobedience ofsuch orders with dismissal. In other cities the police are the local guardians of the cleanliness of the city, a they ought to be so here in every ward an street. They are well paid and have very little todo. To look aficr the filth in their respective districts might be added to their duties, and for their own comfort and advantage—for the sake of their noecs and their health—it is to be hopec they will carry out their orders with zeal alacrity. But whether they aid in the good worl or not, we trust that citizens generally will dq so, and thus encourage a good officer in the faith ful discharge of his highly important publiq duties, Extension of Our Trade in the Medite: nean and Black SeaseThe President and the Itallan Question—Important Notice td Shipmasters Visiting French Porte, dé&c., de OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. - Wasuunaton, June 19, 1869. A movement has just been initiated by leading com| mercial interests in New York and othor cities for th protection and extension of our trade and commerce it the Mediterrancan and Black seas. With Tuscany w; haye hitherto had no diplomatic relations, and steps now being taken to effect that object. It is thougiit th the public recognition of the present governmont tho the cstablischment of a mission at Florenco—which th President has @ right to do—would not only afford gre! moral aid to the cauee of Italy, but afford necessary tection to our commerce, and materially tend to enlarg} our trade in the raw snd manufactured products of ou country. poy! Provident feels a deep interest in the independ on and progress of Italy, and will not omit any me'asu within his competency to strengthen the hands of Italians, and afford the required protection to our co mercial intorests in those regions. Information has just been rcoelyed a tue Stato Dep