The New York Herald Newspaper, June 19, 1859, Page 4

4 . NEW YORK HERALD. eo, JAMES GOKVOR BGONNEWS, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, TERMS, cash én advance. Money cork by evs whll be at the tes Postage wamps wot received as mubacriprion FUE WEEKLY HERALD” wry” Satriani ca pe rue S08 we every ie Tavornda’t oh the 8th andl Wh of aaeh month ot oe mde THR EAMILY HERALD, on Wedncaday, ot four cons per Po TUMPaNT CORKESPONDENCS, tmporsant comcineng: the world's Wed wll be Panewuianit Requastar vo Guat aut Lartans ap Pace ee bent oe, “No NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence, Wedo na return rejected comnumicat uw ISEMENTS renewed every day; advertisements tn vet én the Wenniy Hips, Paniuy WgaiDy amd tn he is id European Ce IINTLNG executed with neatness, cheapness and de apatch. ode XAKIV ee ceeee eee er sere eels 169 AMUSEMENTS TO MORROW EVENING. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Brondway.—Tur War i Itacy, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Tux Oird oF Vzx- GEANCE—TOM AND JEKKY IN New YoRK. METROPOLITAN THEATSE (Late Burtoa’s)—Agt xD Aurinox—Foxry anv Firry. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Pavpgsn O/Bar- FERTY—YOUNG Acrkass. LAURA KEENR®'S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway—Orn- DEMELLA—A FAVORITE Fance, BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- noon~GwysNetu Vaucuan, Bveaiag—Macic Weii—Hous i Tax Wal. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— Ermiorian Boxes, Dances, £0.—HaiLR0ad Saas Ue, BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS. MECH ANIC? HALL, 427 Broad- way.—Neako SoNGs ax Buaiesques—Hor or Fasiuox. HOOLKY'S MINSTRAL3, No. 444 Broadway,—Ermorian Bones, Dances, &¢.—ba11koap Exriosion, New York, Sunday, June 19, 1859, * SAILS FOR THE PACIFIC, New York Herald—Cailfornia Edition ‘fhe United States mail steamship Siar of tho West, Qapiain Gray, will leave this port to morrow afternoon, Bt (wo yelock, for Aspinwall, ‘The mails for Caiiforma and other parts of the Puciflo will close at one o'clock to morrow afternoon. The New Yore Weratr Hunatp—Cakfornia edition— fontaining the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, will be published at ton o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents. Agents will pleaso sond in their orders as carly as yos Kcpsae — The News, The Anglo Saxon, which arrived in the river St, Lawrence yesterday, with Liverpool dates to the 8th inst., brings us the important intelligence of a decisive battle between the Allies and Austrians. ‘The battle, or rather series of engagements, com menced on the 4th inst., and lasted two days. The fight took place at Magenta,some twelve miles from Milan, and it is stated that three hundred thousand men were engaged in the conflict. The French Emperor partially commanded, and it is presumable that the Austrian Emperor and the King of Sardinia were near the scene of action. Na- poleon claims a decisive victory, and says they took 7,000 Austrians prisoners, while 12,000 more were placed hors du combat. He also states the French loss to be 3,000, while other reports repre- sent it at between 9,000 and 12,000 men. The French General Espinasse was killed, and Marshal Canrobert mortally wounded. Five French Mar- ghals and Generals and nine Austrian superior of- cers were wounded. Milan was evacuated by the Austrians, and its inhabitants had declared in favor of the King of Sardinia, but the French had not occupied the city. On the reception of the news of the victory in Paris the city was illuminated. The Queen delivered her opening speech to the British Parliament on the 7th. A synopsis of it is given in our telegraphic summary of the news. She proclaims strict and impartial neutrality in the pending war. The intelligence from the seat of war had hada favorable effect on public securities. London. advanced halfacent, and in Paris the funds are active at higher prices. Consols in At Liverpool the cotton maiket was weak, and a decline of one-eighth of a penny is reported. Breadstuffs and provisions were dull. The India mail of May 20th had reached Eng- land, with reports of a great monetary panic. In another page we publish a highly interesting and important article, translated from the pam- phiet of a Belgian officer, presenting a picture of the theatre of the war now raging in Italy, and ex- hibiting all its strategical features in a very lucid and masterly manner. By the perusal of this arti- cle the reader will be enabled to understand more clearly the intent of the operations of the contend. ing parties on either side, their relative positions, the nataral aud artificial obstacles in the way of each, the advantages gained or to be gained, with those which might have been gained and have been lost; and finally, on strategical principles, what is likely to be the issue of the struggle on the plains of Italy. The steamship Aricl left this port yesterday for pton and Havre, with 163 passengers and specie. The City of Washington also jay for Liverpool, with a full comple- ment of passengers and $500,000 in treasure. The annexed table shows the temperatare of the atmosphere in this city during the past week, the range of the barometer and thermometer, the variation of wind currents, and the state of the weather at tlfree periods during each day, viz: at 9 A.M.,and 3 and 9 o'clock P. M.:— REMARKS, Saturday—Morning clear and cool; night, bright moon- light. Sanday—Clear. Morday—Morning overcast; heavy rain daring night. ‘Tueeday—Morning clear and warm; 634 P.M, navy thower, with thuncer. Wednesday—Cioar and warm. Thureday—Cioody and warm. Friday—Morning overcast sod light rain; afternoon, heavy rain: Baturday—Ciear, According to the City Inspector's report there . Were 398 deaths in the city during the past week, an increase of 43 as compared with the mortality of the week previous. Of the whole number 89 were men, 61 women, 138 boys, and 110 girls. There were 87 deaths of diseases of the brain and nerves, 4 of the generative organs, 12 of the heart and blood vessels, 115 of the ings and throat, 4 of old age, 27 of eruptive fevers and skin diseases, 57 stillborn aud premature births, 62 of diseases of the stomach and other digestive organs, 24 of un- certain complaints, 6 of the urinary organs, and 18 from violent causes. The nativity tavle shows that 284 of the deceased were natives of the Un'ted Siates, 67 of reland, 20 f Gemiiy, unt the bience f var ons foreign ¢ un'r'es. @ Eu ovean cows rece wed b bay Anglo-Saxon Yes: te-das c ecked ales of cottom nd tod 1 to unse tle quv'stons, whic’, however, were without quibe cba ¢, middling upland tand)ry ac avons Lage, thougb sates were covtined to only adoat 40 bsles, & «ma!l a quaotity to show the nfl) 9 tie mews, wien was ut band at too late a parind sth diy for itself to be testes, | our was agai beav), lower Kad uae - ‘lod, whtie sales of all Kinds were Uarted, Wavat we heavy and prices dull, while faies wor quis ems euloof Kentucky white was made a) $1 60. $1 Coru wos beavy und lower; old Western m)xod sot Slc., pew do, at §3>., round yellow at BSc , with Soutners ang Jersey yellow at 870. a 830, Pork was azsia hea and lower; sales of now mers were mide at ${6 59, tain mess $17, and prime at $1440 « $14.50, with sales oF nese, Celiverable ta all the year snd on or defors the tat f November next, at $16, Beet was otoaty, and lari envy, Coff'e was quiet and eales limited. Froigbt on sagementa were light and rates unchanged. a The Succession—Movements of Presidentini Candidates, The two busiest and most conspicuous demo- cratic candidates for the next Presideucy sre Governor Wise and Senator Douglas. Upon the Lecompton question they stood side by side, like Chang and Eng, the Siamese twins; but now they are separated by the impaseable chasm which lies between a Congressional slave cod: tor the Ter- ritories and squatter sovereignty. And so, while Douglas is busy down South explaining and softening his position in that quarter, Governor Wise, through his agents and pipe layers in New York, Pennsylvania, and else- where in the North, is quite as industriously em- ployed in the work of getting a strong foothold in the Charleston Convention. These National Conventions bave proved on several occasions exceedingly slippery and treacherous to the old stagers; but it is evident that all the democratic aspirants this time—ea- pecially Wise and Douglas—intend to have their delegates picked out with the greatest care. And, from their superior activity and sectional availability, we should not be surprised if the Charlestoa Convention were to be divided, North and South, between Douglas and Wise, excepting a few scattering votes here and there for Breck inridge, Hunter, Davis, Cobb, Slidell and others. We fear, however, that while the personal efforts of Mr. Douglas in the South will fail to conciliate the fire-eaters, the labors of the friends of Gov. Wise in the North will be useless in his behalf; and that between these two high stools, Wize and Donglas, the democratic party at Charleston wil! fall to the ground and be broken to pieces. Upon this point, in a late number of the Charleston Mercury the editor says, in reference to Douglas, that “we will sustain or countenance him under no circumstances whatever;” that “he is a traitor to the democratic party, and a traitor to those principles which secure the South;” that “he is dangerous and designing. Away with hin” “Finally,” says the Mercury, “we shall sustain no map, of whatever party, clique, creed or section, who shall stand upon the platform of Douglas’ principles, though he should be nominated by twenty democratic Conventions,” This is plain speaking, and we doubt not the same views among Southern men will operate in the Conven- tion to set aside Mr. Douglas, and break up the democracy into two sectional camps. The South- ern fire-eaters are in earnest, and Douglas, we know, is not the man to knock under. If the fire-eaters say war, he will answer war, and war it will be. Such are the prospects for the democracy at Charleston, The opposition elements are equal- ly deranged and discordant. The old line whigs and Americans are moving heaven and earth, North and South, to get up a sort of joint stock combination with the republicans on easy terms; but as theee terms involve first the shelving of Seward, and next the sinking of the republican party iteelf, there will be no bargain. The op- position coneervatives will thus be compelled to do what they can for themselves, under the banner of some such man as Crittenden, John Bell, Ed- ward Everett, or Edward Bates. Meantime, all the pipelaying and ecene-shifting going on among the republican managers appears to be confined to three leading candidates—Seward, Chase and Banks. The agents and —— of Seward ,unquestionably hold the inside track, and sre confident of carrying their champion throngh the Republican National Convention with flying colora. They have, the principal wires and ropes and pullies in their hands, and thus the chances are decidedly in favor of Sew- ard’s nomination. The strong pro slavery grounds lately assumed by the opposition forces of the South—in Kentucky, Georgia, Virginia and Tennessee—increase the chances of Seward in the exact ratio in which they diminish the probabilities of a fusion, North and South, of the opposition camps. Thus, from day to day, consulting the divisions of parties and sections, and the movements of cliques and candidates, are we strengthened iu the impression that ia 1860 we shall have ao- thing but sectional parties in the field, and that from a failure to elect a President by the people, Seward, Douglas and Wise will, most probably, be the three highest candidates carried up to the Honse. A fusion of the North Americans and old line whigs with Douglas, from all the indi- cations of the day, is much more likely to hap- pen than a fusion upon Seward or a reunion between Douglas and the fire-eaters at Charle ton, Ina word, these old national party Con- ventions have run to seed, and there is every prospect that ia 1860 they will be practically reduced to three or four eectional factions, be ginning with the explosion among the demo- cracy at Charleston. Wesr Port Muurrary Acapemy.—The annual examination at the West Poiat Military Academy has cloged. The young gentlemen have acquitted themselves creditably, as they always do. One examination js so much like another that we thould not have noticcd this one but for the fact that the graduating cluss is the firat one that has passed five years in the institation, The term heretofore has been four years, The five year term was instituted by General Davis, when Secretary of War. The necessity of an extra year has long been felt; different Boards of Visiters have noticed it, and recommended changes in the couree of instraction that required such additional time. The main objects seem to be to render possible the imparting of more prac tical instruction in come branches of a fiporctical cast as heretofore tangbt, and td eveble uneda cated lads, by the aid of a preparatory year, to compete successfully with those who eater the Academy with a collegiate education. A not less important improvement is also rendered feasible, viz., the acquisition of the Spanish langusge, which for evident reasons is become a necessity for our army officers, and a course of elocution and composition is likewise introduced. Among the bravches that wil’ probably receive a practi gal tara ix that of engiocering, and in that case NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JUNE 19, 1859. spewed lind rior hal Ms Mie A A a © course recommended by the Board of Visiters of 1857, of which Mujor Chase was President, may be adopted. Ov the whole, it sooms likely that the five year rule, now become, under Secre- tary Floyd, a fixed fact, will be found to justify his and bis predecessor’s favorable anticipatious iu regard to its effect on the Academy. The 0d- jection frequently urged againat West Poiat, that is was an aristocratic institution, must certainly tall to the ground now that the extra year gives all an equal chance to secure its honors. The Great im Italy—Defeat of the Aun and Evacuntion of Mian, On yesterday—the auniversary of the battle of Waterloo, on which field jast forty-four years ago the star of the first Napoleon set amid a bloody rout—tbe news reached us of the first great battle of the present campaiga, between the Austrians and the allied armies of Fraace and Sardinia, in Italy, in which his successor, Napoleon the third, fought. On the 4th of this month the allied armies, commanded in part by Lonis Napoleon, drove the Austrians across the Ticino, and came into conflict with them at Magenta, only twelve miles from Milan, the capital of Lombardy, and the precise point where the Austrians first effected a passage over the Tigiio into Piedmont on the 29th of April. The battle must have been terrible, if we credit the French accounts, which state that from nine to twelve thousand of their own troops were billed and wounded, and twenty thousand of the Austrians, There were engaged ia this decisive action a hundred thousand French and from one hundred and sixty to a hundred and eighty thou- subd Austriaos—exactly the number of the latter reported tv have been at the immediate seat of war; 60 that nearly the whole moveable force of both armies were in the conflict. The number of men engeged on both sides equalled that on the field of Waterloo. Louis Napoleon, it is said, abont our being “bis chosen people today,” we would like bim to turn to hia New Testament, to that gospel which is commanded to be preached ‘oevery people, and read in Mark, ii, 24-28, what our Saviour said when the Pharisees re trou het bim that his Disciples plucked cora ov the Sobbath day, * whic’ is uot lawfal ;” and we wich bin to remember aod reflect upoa the new ‘aw which the Lord then gave to men: “ The Sabbetb was made for map, avd not man for the Subbath, therefore the Son of Man is Lord also of the Subt ath.” Ovr correspondent, and, no doubt, many who think differently from us on thiggquestion, cu tirly mistake our argument, They point to the Nimited numbers that now set public opinion at defiarce, and avail themselves of what facilities ‘bey cen find to ‘eave the city and catch # breath of freeb air, and exclaim, See who we would re- sirain and who w: would encourage. It is no: the cance of these defiera of public opinion tha we are pleading. They want no pleuder, for they take their cause into their owe hands, and with the spirit that animates men who pay no respect to the opinion of the community fo which they live, they, no doubt, do many wrong things. But we plead the couse of the many thousands of honest, industrious and vir- tuous working men, who, paying » proper respect to the admitted opinion of the community, cruch the longings that are within mep. How many there are of these to whom Sunday is nowaday of physical tortare. Tu frame of @ man accustomed to daily labor feels positive pain when condemned to a day of com- plete inaction. So well convinced of this are our greacbers, who now admit that religion does not them and stifle the words that would rise to their lips if they would not be condemned of impore self torture upon its professors, that they have long since abandoned their churches with ont fire, their pews without cushions, and their sermons of one and even two hours delivery. Yet many now living can look back to their young days, in the Puritan fatherland of New England, when to desire a stove in the meet- ing-bouse was wicked, to place cushions oa the oak scats was irreligious, and to complain of the length of even a one howr’s sermon was rank in- fidelity. Things have changed since then, and yet there are millions among us to whom the Sunday, as we observe it, isa day of positive torture. The innocent prattle of childhood must be hushed. The ever-gushing energy of youth must be stilled. The tired frame of manhood, bent for six days of toil, must restrain its desire to walk forth erect, and, changing the position and character of its exercise, to seek relief and relaxation. The mother, bound to her household duties while the father performe bis weekly labors, is denied the poor privilege of one day’s healthful enjoyment with the part- ner of her joys and sorrows, aud their loved little ones by her side. All these harmonious partially commanded the Allies; but it would seem that Gen. McMabon did the best of the fighting, for we learn that he received the Mar- ebal’s baton from the Emperor on the spot, and was created Duke of Magenta; while Marshal D’Hilliers was euperseded in his command by Gen. Forey. The Austrians were commanded by Field Marebal Baron Hess, The loss of superior officers was fearful, and indicates that the fight must have been bravely carried on, and the victory cloeely contested. On the side of the Allies the Freach general Espinasse was killed, and Field Morshal General Canrobert mortally wounded; while the Austrians admit that four generals and five staff officers were wounded in their ranks, The battle seems to have lasted two entire days, for the Austrian accounts state that a series of engagements occurred from the 4th to the night of the 6tb, with varied successes and great loeses on both sides. The longest batile fought by the first Napoleon was that of Cas- tigliona, in 1796, which lasted five days, from the 2d to the 6th of July inclusive, The moral effect of the Austrian defeat at Magenta was the outbreak of revolution at Milan, which compelled the Austrians to evacuate it, though at latest accounts the French had not entered the city. The intelligence of this great action on the road to Milan confirms what we stated in our columus yesterday, when we said—“It is probable that we eball soon hear of a battle having been fought, and we sbould not be surpriced if it came off at Novara, or between that point and Milan But in any event the result of that contest may be merely to decide whether the struggle is to be carried on towards Turin or towards Milan with the assault of either city as the object.” The news of this firat important battle in Italy bas not yet reached us in detail; but we have enough to show that it was a bloody and bard fought contest, resulting in terrible loss to both armies, particularly in officers of high rank, and demonstrating that the campaign has fairly open- ed with vigor, and that the battle field has been brought within the limits of Austrian territory. Not only that, but it relieves Garibaldi, revolu- tionizes all Lombardy, and drives the war into the centre of the Lombardo-Venctian kingdom. It gives Garibaldi an opportunity of swooping like an eagle upon the northern portions of Lom- bardy and the Tyrol frontier, which he will doubtless avail bimeelf of. Sunday Recrention—The False Argament and the True. We have received a variety of communications during the past week on the subject of Sunday recreation for the pent up population of our city, and coming as they do from a variety of minds, stimulated by different interests, the writers take various views of the subject. Most of them, however, agree with us on the neeessity of removing the social ban which now endeavors to prevent the poorer classes from ob- taining cheap aud healthy recreation on Sanday. They breathe the sentiments of a numerous class of men who, pursuing their six days toil with honest industry, bow before the harsh decision of public cpision, and refrain on the seventh day from secking that relaxation and change for which their physical frames long, because those who do s0 in opposition to the public expres- sion are not looked well upon by employers and eociety at large. Some of them go further than this, and attack the motives of those who, controling the priaci- pal railroads that lead from the city, refuse to open them for Sunday accommodation. One and holy impulses of our nature must be stifled and crushed. This is not religion—this is not our Saviour preached, for the Sabbath was made for man and uot man for the Sabbath. It is in the opinions of their fellow men, and silently consent to the making of Sunday a day of du!) penance and of dreary inaction, that we advo- be opened with cheap Sunday trains to places of forth . bd bd * and hold Converse with nature’s charms, and view her stores unroiled. the War in Italy. Public expectation has been on tiptoe for the first great battle between the allied forces and the Austrians in Italy. It has come at last; and now the great question is, will Austria submit to reason, and give up her bayonet sustained rale in the Lombardo-Venetian provinces? The neutral Powers will make great efforts to briag about a specific arrangement, but will they succeed ? From the imperfect and conflicting account: that we baye received it is evident that a series of conflicts have occurred, all leading to the general battle at Magenta, in which more than three hundred thoueand mea were engaged. The slaughter was great, but it does not appear that the result was decisive, Milan had risen against the Austrians, but the French had not entered that city. The trophies that Louis Napoleon claims to have won are not the trophies of a decisive battle, and the Austrian accounts ad- mit only a rerivs of encounters with varying suc cess. Thus far it does not look as though th: French claim, or the Austrians admit, that the turning battle of the campaign had been fought. This, it may be, is reserved for ‘he grea’ equare which they hold, fortified by the strong positions of Pescheira, Mantoa, Verona and Lignano. I: this is the case, the efforts of the neutrals inst yet be postponed for a time. The struygle there will be a bloody and ter- the belligerents to bring its vast military power to the scene, and the opening battle, with 300,000 men, tells us how great the final struggle mas: be. “Austria can stamp armies out of the earth,” waa the proud boast of one of ber states the teaching of the soul-saving doctrine which behalf of the multitude of those that respect cate a change in public opinion. Let the roads pleasant reaort. Let the good and the indus trious, and the temperate be permitted to go The News from Europe—Political Aspect of rible one, Every effort will be made by each of men, and France can do the same. The electric televraph and the railroad enables each to bring up its forces with great rapidity, and they witi be ueed to their utmost capacity, These are the grounds upon which we must contemplate the political effect of the ba'tie of Magenta, That Austria will refuse to admit that it is decisive we cannot doubt, She is not ouly bar- correspondent writes to us that last summer, proposing to go out and pass the Sunday with his brother, who was an employé on ihe Hudson River Railroad, and consequently had no other day of leisure, he received a reply from his brother, telling him not to come as he had to work all day on the repairs of the road. Thus, he argues, the directors had no scruples against obligating their workmen to Jabor on Sunday, though they apparently cond-:ma the practice by declining to run trains for the accommodation of the people. We have one correspondent, and he enjoys the pleasure of being alone in his advocacy, who wishes us to stop our efforts to obtain the establishment of cheap Sunday trains. Goiag back to the stringent precepts of the Old Testa- ment, he reads us @ number of strong texts from the Movaical narratives, and preaches to usa loag sermon thercon. Unfortunately, be reveals his selith motive in his Suuday advocacy by refer- ing us to the temporal benefits we shall obtain by following the Mosaic law, and the temporal evils that will come upon us if we do not heed it, a#,set forth in the 26th chapter of Leviticus, apd he thioks he clinches bis argument in the following words:—“ What the Lord seid auto his chosen people fifteen hundred years bofor? Christ he says to us his chosen peoplo to-day: Let us take heed to our ways lest we be driven from our land, and cur land Lave no reat while we are in it.” Pegging leave to differ from our sdmonisher dened in her theory of government by the lapse of centories, but her resources are still intact, her fortified positions not yet taken, her con- fidence in the coming assistance of Germany secure, and her belief firm that Europe will yet rise to resist the Napoleonic designs. With a partial victory, when his prestige is io- voived. dynasty at stake and his resources abundant, it is not probable tho’ Louis Napoleon will be dispowd to recede from tue high position he has taken—that Italy must be free to the Adriatic. Even if there were no other etimu lus upon bir, the rising populations acound hia must urge bim on, and convince him that « struggle has begun which would not now | ended even if he were to withdraw from tiv contest, Austria could not restore her rule { Italy without a struggle of the most sangufeary character, which would shock the whole of yrope, and of the civilized world, * Under these circumstances it doo not seam to us that ake pacific efforts of Logiaad and Prussia will realise the hopes that are enter. tained for them in soms quarters, It is well kaown that at the Confercuce of Paris Austria refused to permit the iutroducttva of aay mo- tion relating to Itwly; and nothing has yet oo- curred to indicate that she is more williog to submit ber claims in this reapect to a conference of diplomatiats, or even to a Cougress of Buro- pean Sovereigns, Before tbia can take place she must receive great reverses, and incur great humiliation, These may come out of the pre- sent war; but before they can come, the strug: ele, thou hb it may be @ sbort one, mast be of the moet desperate character, avd such as Europe bas never yet seen. The great armies of the first Nap Jeon and his antagonists will be left far in the sbade by those which may yet be ar- rayed against exch other before this war is ended, and the bopes of the diplomatists must abide their shock. Value of (reaty A gomontsiansUnder= 8 between Geutlemen.” Diplomacy seems to have entirely changed ts character within the last dozem years, At one time it was believed that the perfection of the srt lay in the power of dissimulation. Language, according to one bigh autherity, was givea to diplomatists merely to evable them to conceal their thoughts Ii was a favorite boast of another that his selt- command was so great that a kick applied to his nether man could not move a muscle of his face, ‘This was at a time when no understanding could be arrived at between governments without its being ratified by conventions or treaties, It was a period of eeltish bargains, of dishonest co- venants, of perfidious dealings geuerally, Ua- dertakiug to mataally cheat each other, diplo watiets felt it uccesaary to place upon paper re- cords of their minutest transactioas, Broken agreements would have been valueless for sub- jects of future grievance unless thus authentica- cated. No treaty, in fact, was entered into without a provision being made against its infringement, aud as a natural consequence treaties have fallen into di+ credit. The experience of the last half century has shown that ueither the will of sovereigns, the foresight of diplomutisis, uor the strengti of armies, can insure their duration, Why is this? Becanse a new and more powerful influeace steps in to decide upon their equity and to limit the extent to which they shall be carried out. Public opinion in Europe is very different now from what it was fifty years ago. Then it was confined merely to the governing classes and their organs. Now it is, properly speaking, the verdict of the musses, regulated, it is true, by the education and enlightenment of the age, but still an emanation of the popular judgment. There is no being so humble, whether it be under a despotism or a constitutional govern- ment, who does not, provided he canread and write, contribute something towards this aggre- gate of moral influence. Every journal and periodical to which he subscribes is a dever brought to bear on the inert or resisting forces which obstruct human progress, It is these separate influences, concentrating upon questions = affecting the —_geueral interests of mankind, which have so materially altered the character of modern diplomacy. Ia presence of their collective weight all the sub- tlety and chicanery of the art is powerless. Therefore it is that the men whom this country sends to represent her abroad are able to cope with the most experienced and accomplished of the old school of diplomatista, They require but a fair share of intelligence and common sense to fit them for the exigencies of the present im- proved state of international relations. Frank- ness and good faith between governments being the bases insisted upon by public opinion for the proper direction of ' public affairs, it follows that the best men to send on these missions are those who possess fewest of the special qualities that used to be deemed essential to an accomplished diplomatist. It is curious that despotic governments should be amongst the first to detect and adapt themselves to these revolu- tions in the public mind. During the Crimean war Russia was the only one of the belli- gerent Powers which stuck inflexibly to the truth in its reports of events. Whilst the organs of the other governments industriously disturted and falsified everything, we could always de pend upon the accuracy of the Russian bulle- tins The Czar gained as much by this honest policy as he lost by the ill fortune of his arms. He elevated the character of his country in the eyes of the world, by showing that, whatever might be the aseertions of the Allies to the con- trary, Russia entertained a respect for public opinion more sincere and practical than theirs. Whatever may have been the mistakes com mitted by Nicholas on the Eastern question— and it has yet io be proved that the steps which he took deserve that character—it must be con- ceded that his diplomacy was more ia accor- dance with the spirit of the age thaa that of his brother sovereigns. Tt will be recollected that when, in his memora- ble conversations with Sir Hamilton Seymour oa the affairs of “the sick man,” it was suggested that his views should be reduced into the form of a treaty, he made use of these remarkable words: “There is no occasion for a treaty; an aaderstand. ing as between gentlemen is sufficient.” Here, in a single sentence, are the new principles that are to govern deplomacy summed up. Ia future we belicve that it will be impossible to carry on the relatious between goveramests oa any other foundation than that of matual confidenve and good faith, qualities indispensable to even Rus- sian notions of gentlemauly associations, When in the absence of positive data specula- tion is at fault, it is singular how slight a cireum- stance will sow<times furnish a clue to the ioformatioa we desire, The phrase that we have Just quoted from the mouth of Nicholas seems to us to throw light on the exact character of the present relations between Russia and France, Our readers remember with what positiveness the London Zines iately asserted that a treaty had been entered into by these two Powers against Austria, and how emphatically the state- ment was denied by the organs of the two go- shstandiag the apparently conclusive character of that denial the world remains unconviuced by it. Literally, we he- lieve it to be correct, but virtually it is probably not so, Taere may be no actual treaty or written eugagement existing between the two Emperors, but there may be such “a gentlemanly under- a as under the new diplomatic code will bo just as binding. Taking into account the contempt for treaties lately expressed by one of Alexander's organs, this explanation of the doubts which are attached to the precise charac- ter of the arrangement between the two sove- reigns appears to us to be the simplest and most probable one. Tue Coorts Stave Trave.—While the Southern fire-eaters tre making # noisy bat empty clamor in favor of reopening the Afrioan elaye trade, our puritanieal pealm-singing aigeer worshippers in the North sre quietly but vigorously pusbiag the cootie slave trade with Cuba. We uotice ia yesterday's Shipping List a report of the charter of the ship J. Wakefield, to Hong Kong and Shanghue for $14,000, aod back to Tavaoa with coolics for $45,000. We soppuss the so much higher freight for the coolies és to make up for the shame of the owners of the ship at being on- geged in such an iniquitous businéss Desiring to know who the rocdesxt and religtous geutlemea that own the ship J. Wakefield are, we referred to the American Lloyd's Register, but flud that their modesty is 0 great that they bave suc- ceeded in keeping both their own aad their ship's name out of that exc:llent pnblication, With any one tell us who are these modest geatlemen that are pushing the covlie slave trade so vigor ously? Sxwrouxs or THE Amoor Counrry.—We pub lth this morning the couciuding skeches of Alife and travel oa the Amoor river, the preceding ones having before appeared in our columna ‘These sketches were prepared for us from per- sonal observation by a gentleman of great ex- perience, who travelled through that country, which has receutly acquired so much interest, Having recorded the facts in his note book as he went along, he put them into the form of cor- respondeace for the New Youk Hexap on bis arrival at Berlin, which city he reached by tra- velling through Russia. At this time, when the progress of the great Russian empire is southwards through Caiaa, to the Indian ocean; when she bas siguifled ber intention to construct # telegrapu from St. Pe- tersburg to the Amoor river; when’she is having steamers built in this couutry to navigate that stream, and is taking measures tajopeu up the Amoor country geuerally, and deyglope ita re- sources, these sketches become Made | and important, We commend them@o te tention of our readers, me DITERESTING Fhum a ALAGTOR The Neutral Rights Questiou=The Cnariestoa and Havana Mail Coatract, do., &e. OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. Wastixcros, Juve 18, 1839. Lord Lyons bad a long interview ‘vith the Svcretary of State to-day on general subjects. ‘here ts évery roasoe to believe that Great Britain is at this particalar time most anxious to cultivate very friendly relations with Wa Lord Lyons is impatient to learn tho couclusion of the itpor- tant question of neutral rights, now,under advisomeat by our goveroment. Tn consequence of the failure of Congress to authorize continuance, the Postmaster General bas notified the Charleston and Havana etoumship Company that ther mail contract expires on the 30th of June, and will uot be renewed unless they choose to accept the postageé as in full for services. The postdye is, however, so inconslder. able that it cannot be accepted, and the liue will there- fore cease running. The Seoretary of War bas refused to permit any more officers on leave to depart for Europe. It is feared choy ‘migh! join some of the armica, and in the event of being) taken prisoners would lead to serious complications, whick| our government desires to avoid. The Secretary of State has been offictally advised of eccession of Francis II. ae King of the Two Sicilies, suitable acknowledgement will be made in reply, Murder and Suicide, Duyxrex, Jane 18, 1859. This morning about half-past nine o’ciock the dos: vodies of Martin Sauter, his wife antonly child, w found in an upper room of the emigrant house kept bj Sauter, on Buffalo street. The wife’s throat must bat ‘been cut while asleep in bed, causing almost instant dea the windpipe being entircly severed. The chili, nix y of age, was on avother bed, with her throat horri led. The body of Sauter wag found in @ reciin Position by the side of the bedstead on which the lay. It is supposed the deed was debe some time in night, asthe house was observed house, and was connected by marrhige wija respectad| German families i town. Tho affer crostes intense e; citement, The Coroner fs now holding an inquest. It known that the parties bad not lived a quit life for eo time, but whether the ceed was committed under tho fluence of liquor is not known. ¢ From New Mexico, St, Louis, June 18, 1869. The Now Mexican mai! of the 80th ult. reached 1a pendence this morning. The news ig unimortant, ‘Three companies of troops ‘were met at Cottonwood, route 0 establish a post at the crossivg of the Arkansas. ene The Ohio River, Par@xsnuxe, Va., June 18, 1869, gels rater tn the Ob'9 river at this point te nevon £ leen, und i# rieipg. ‘There are pisaty of tate the fiver Inudinge, Li gs bss ze, ie eh Marzeta, PHILADELPHIA SOCK BOARD. Partamarats, Jane 18, 1969, aback fn. Ponneyivania State tree, 9:26; "Rend 3054; Morris Ounai, 6354, Long Itenc Fas 105; Pennsylvania alivands age apse: New Onigaws, Jone 17, 1859. Cotton unchsnged. Sales 1042) 300° basics at UL go. 1146. Sales of the werk 13,100 baias —Reveipts of th week 2,500 bales, agatust 6,500 laut year. Exports tro this port to date 1,700,500 bales. Stock in port 78,9 bates, Wheat seady, "Coffee steaiy: salca of the wos! 2,000. bage st 11340, a 1134 Freights advances to 34: 134 per cont, at sight do. 3 siock in port 37,000 bag Reman on New York 1 & SG. BALMLORE, Tane 38, 1859. Flour very quiot, at $7. Wheat unchapgad: bn geal Corn dail at 820, a to for yellow, . 2c. for white. Provisions steady. Bacou—sides 9. Whekey duil at 280. a Pautapenruta, June 18, 1859. Flour quiet. Wheat duil: while, $1 80a $1 85; rad, $} 70a$1 76, Corn quiet and gcarce. Oats duil a! 483. 49c, Whitkey Gull, and soiliog at 26c. « 240. Berrato, Jane 18—1 P.M. Flour—Demsnd moderate snd market weaker; sal 1,000 bby ot $6 TP.o $7 wr strawot extra Wisco win; $7-°S wT ‘iad f'n Michigan, Indiana aw Onin; $7 02% & $8 for doabiewxtr: deat quiet; sal 400 bushels at $1 3 interior rod lane afr fed Western onty heid at 60c.; bay ers offer ioe Rartey dul at (ic. a 65c. Rye firm; sates 1,000 buy ty ab $103 a $105. Whiskey nom! freights—Oe. on corn, 10s. on wheat, 2 York. Lake importe—2.000 bbis corn, Canal exporte—2,000 bbls. wheat, 16,600 bus! : ‘Tax New Crry Insrector.—Inspector Delavan has tea his Gret oMlcts! pronunciamiento, Be that « the rg spourible duties of the offlos of Oity Inspector, aud ful realizing that among those duties uune at the prasent ao fon of the year require grester or more prompt attenti Sheu the work of keeping the suresta uf onr city in a healt! ard cleanly condittop, deeme it to be his anty to cal ui aticntion of the pubit: to the neceswity of at once putt: an end to the following dally violation ef the laws aad u dinecces,” relative to the throwing of aber, partage, wir) ibge, straw, sereepings from stoves, fib from yards and c Jars, and the throwing of impure and offensive Liqaige ta} the gtrecia, He states that * Every effort on his pact w| be mace to have the streets kept tn a cleanly aad hea condition; ang he earneatiy and confidently hopve and los for the co operation ant assis ance of ali clasdes of citizer in putting an end to the violations above complaiued A Copy of tne soveral o-dinances referred to will ba left each dwelling bouse and place of business. Asb carte w pars through the streets ot the several warda duily, Sul days excepted, to collect ashen, garbage, &o., and undersigned desires thas every neglect or mixconduck the part of the drivere of such carta may be complained to the Superintendent of Sanitary Inspection, at his offi corner of Grand and Eseex etreeta. Notice of tho approa| _" ash and garbage carts will be given by ring! Coroners’ Orrice —But few cases wore reported nt t Coroners’ office yesterday. An unknown man was fow drowned at the foot of Twenty-sixth atroot, Fast rivor, by @rder of Coroner Gainvlo the. body was removed the doad honse at Bellevue Hospital for identification, Other case of interest was reported. Orrxation or Tux Doo Law.—During the past weok } number of dogs sacrificed by the dog catchers was as lows:—On the 6th instant, 471 doga; 7th, 279; 8th, Oth, 190; 10th, 143; 114, 180—total, 1,476; The oot theee captures was $738 Saxe oF THE Prescort Corracz.—A. Boston sold at auction on the 16th of June the Nauaat ot known as the ‘Prescott Cottage,” by order of the tr tees of tho Into William H. Pregoott, The estaie com: a two-story house and aboat one asre of land, aod Drnced the celebrated ‘Swatiow’s Cain” and “ Tsiand.” [tia the most commanding Modality st Nabi Cuarlgs Inches, of Boo.on, was tho purchaser ut 38,