The New York Herald Newspaper, June 8, 1859, Page 3

aquadrons—four of them astive, and the ” ot gen: be tranaiormed into one ¢ 2 artillery ie to bo Tacrensed +, 4, Gulden of the fo gona, and the engiveers are toh r oe present effective strength of godt = Sty eg) Ia calculated that voluntary perder drut rd easy 15,000. Generd] Uliog, ender abel, » 48 is krown, is the com. {Ip 1848 the Tuacan » thou, well organiz:¢ ae it will now be, sent » ing “or 0.000 men, of whom 2,C00 were volunteers, into "oqbardy; and this divi so ained great distipetion by eet talenen ‘of the vil. fore of Curteione avd qiptanara agaiust 16,000 Austricns ander Radetusy. 1°, States toss y, vexed at is resistance, and v o¢ admiring the bravery of the volunteers, most of Bim were atucents, exclaimed, Thess bo,» will Pake me loge an entire day.” correspondent of the London Globe says:— “ ans Ss miaetons beiug about to rusticate at Ems or Baden, bad the preo-ution to ingnire if he might go ua- molested, but got auswer from the loa! police that they would not b> answerable for his tranquility, as being tne author of thet stiliborn pampb:et recommending a reach war on the Rhino in lieu of the present campaign on the ” ‘Count de Damnrémoné? French Minister at Hanover, has ust arrived ia Paris on leave of absence. The attitude of over in the Diet is said to be the cause of this tempo- rary absence of the Count from his post. ‘The war budget of Belgium is fixed for 1860 at the sum of 82,218,600. ‘The Nord of Brussels says:—A jourval lately thought proper to declare that Count de Kisseleff, the Russiaa amosseador, io reply to an offizial inquiry from the French Cabinet relative to the calling out of troops in Rugeia, states that the statemenis made cn the subject ‘were, lo say the least, greatiy exaggerated. We are now euthsized to say thet no inquiry of the kind has been addressed to bis Excetlency, and that consequently no Beeb avewer has ever been given It would seem that the Baverian loan goes on almost as Dadly as that of Austria, The Prussian Gazette eays:— ‘The payments are made with great diffloulty, and letters from Monich state that great mispust is generally felt on the audject of foane. Generally speaking, money is not freely lent in Bavaria, even on mortgage. ‘According to a letter from Naples of the 17th of May, ‘an arrest had jost been made which had produced some considerable senration— hat of the famous Mereada, who, after having been compromised in all kiads of conspira cies, was finally made Secretary General of the Police. He waa arrested on the 16th onan express order from ‘Caverta, and carried to La Vicaria, whence he will be re- moved to Punteileria, a sort of desert isiand onthe coast ef Africa, where prisoners are sent whom it is wished to hear no more of. It appears tha! Mereada is accused of having taken part ip plots against the hereditary prince. A Vievna letter declares that the subscriptions to the Austrian patriotic fond amount to 106,409 toring (about £10,000). The Spanish government has purchased the Cunard eerew steamers Andes apd Alps, and two others. They are intended tocarry the mails between Cadiz and Havana. During the Emperor Napoleon’s absence an anditor of ‘the Council of State will leave Paris every week for the geat of war with a portfolio of papers. A piece of news given by the French journals as one of the highest importance, is that negotiations are now going on between the Court of the fuileries and the Holy See with a view ‘o the canonization of Joan of Arc, who, it neoms, bag never yet beep made a saint. A private letter from Toulon, dated the 19th of May, fays:—The Amazone left Toulon on the l6th with 260 persons traneported to Cayenne. Blanqui is not comprised Yo the number; his on, they say. having demanded as a favor, that he should not be sent to Cayence at the expi- rasion of bis puvishment, of which the !ega! duration pre vented bis being detained beyond the ¢d of April, 1859. But the “ceree of the Stn of December, 1851, and the laws of the 27th of February, 24 of March, 1858, give tue power to government to apply to bim, a8 ‘an’ administrative measure,” penalties which neither the judge nor jury codlda Jegalyinfict. The Amazove was also to take on ‘poard 250 others. political tranmsportes coming from Lim- ‘desea, on the coast of Algeria. J imagine that the despatch Of thee men to Cayenne ts to prevent their becoming tr Some ot this moment in a colony where there are not 80 ‘troops as before. - The Puri correspondent ot the London News says:— ‘Two gentlemen, whose conversation was overheard by a EPpy, were arrested to day in ove of tne corridors of the Bourse, on acharpe of “propagating false news.” Que of them was an Englishman. After being detained io cvstody for afew mrautes, they were released on giving heir names aod addresses, in order toat the authori ties may have an opportanity of prosecating them if thought Mt. A private letter from Rome saye:—The Prince of Wales, ‘Difore leaving Rome, caved om the Pope and bid him fare: well in the moet cordial manner. On his to!iness ex: pressing hia regret at the unsettled state of Italy, tne ince faid he,should be most happy to take him to Maita if be hked to come with him. The Auetrian government has just purchased in Paris 10 copies of ‘General Niel’s History of the Siege of Sebastopol,” a work of much interest when go many for- tresses are about to be bevieyed. The following notification bas been published in Paris:— Anumver of tadesmen have already gone to Piedmont with the hope of receiving perma'saign ‘to exercise thuir callipgs with the army of Itaty. rans woo may be tempted to adopt the game course are hereby intormet bat the major generai of the army will not grant any permission of the k'nd, and that if they neglect to fallow thie novice they wi!l expose themevlves to be brought ‘back to France by the gendarmery. M. de la Guerroaiere has inaugurated his tenure of of- fice, in Paris, by coutscating the London Times, Globe, ‘Sua, News and other papers. The geizare of the Tomes is quite an evevt, and bas not @ little surprise oa a ‘variety of grounds whicb it would be libellous to state— de monde est si mechant ! ‘The bridge over the Sesia, which was blown up by the Avestrians on their retreat from Verceili, is a magnificent ‘work, forming part of toe railway from Tarin to Novara, and is boi't of hard gray granite. A private despatch re- Oeiveo in Paris states thas only two arches have been de- stroyed by the explosion. As an example of the ludicrous ineolence which ac- companies the barbarity of General Gyulai’s proceedings io Piedmont, a printed docement has been circulating ia Paris There is x0 suspicion of its being a torgery. Te ie ‘g kind of pasport, given to sme Sardinian subjects, and dated from Mortars, with these words at the head :— *¢ Austrian Empire— Province of Sesia.’” An announcement was {esucd at Medrid on the 17th of May , that the Spanish government had wividrawn the per- mission which tt bad accorded for holding a meeting to for the Italians anxious to return wo uch @ course, it declares, being of au aggressive cbaracter against Austria, and contrary to » spirits of strict neutrality. ‘The Paris correspondent of the London Port learns that arraogements hed been made by the french and Sardinian governments, to transfer to Greek and otaer foreign ves- gels coa!, nud otber war material ordered in England, and which would bave been carried by British yessels bat for the tate neutrality prociamation. a The Vienna correspondent of the London Times says it 9 Was credibly revorted that Prussia would soon piace six corps @armée on the Lower Riine, and two on her eastern frontier. A letter from Rome, of the t7th or May, in the Loudon Post, eaye:—In coprequence of a twlegraybic despatch, Summoning bim to an iuterview with the Emperor Napo eon 111. ov nis frst a rival op Italian ground, the Duke do Grewont left Rome on Suvday morning for Civica Vecchia, where he embarked the same afternoon on oue of the cossting steamers for Genoa. His Exveileacy proposes to ‘stay only twenty four hours for toe purpuse, as be aflirms, of poyiog bis homage to hie sovereigo, having ctivct which he will return without deiay to his dipioatic duti im Rome. It must be remembered, however, that the Deke ce Gramont is now aimost the ooly French vepresentative on Italy, and Ww is therefore pro Dadle thst instructions of the highest import ance will be communicated to him, vira voce, ‘by the Emperor, in regard w his futuro pian of action in ovher parte of ltwly, and especially io the South, according to the results developed by the campaiga in the North. ‘The future intention of the Emperor with regard to the political destinies of Central and Southern Itaty afforas ‘ater for anxious speculation on the partof the people, as ‘well as the sovereigns iatercsted in the question. It ap- that the assuravces made by the French govern- Ment, with the view of tranquilizing the Pope under the present menscing aspect 6f the political horizon, are limit ed to assurances Quaranteeing his personal safety and wel- fare, but it must De always borne in mind that the Empe- yor’s programme with regard to the reconstitution of the Papal States was coptained, cight or nine years ago, in his celebrated’ letter to Eogar Ney, and that the same senti- ments have been periovically renewed by bis Majesty in suggestions to the Papal government since that period. THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON IN THE FIELD. A letter from Vaienza, dated the 18th of May, publusned tn the Salut Public ot Lyons, says:— ‘1 was yosteroay at a café with tne officers of the 80th, atthe gate of the Albergo, when a joud cry of * Vive Em; y? arose. It was the Emperor, who had ar- rived unexpectedly on horseback, in a guceral’s uniform, ‘with a kepi, aud escorted by only a few officers. In a few minutes the whole population was on foot, the streets ‘were decked with flags, apd drums were beaten to caliect ‘the troops. His Majesty proceeded stowly by the street ‘which leacs to an eminence from which the naked eye can @ve the vast plains of the Poacd the Lomeilina. Tae po- ition being within reach of cannon was not without dan- . 1 bad the honor of approaching the Emperor, who, down on his horse's neck, asked mo if I’ were French. I replied that | was a journalist who had ven- tured to the advanced posts. He smiled, and ques. Moned me ou the positions of the Austrians, I showed hum detachments of their troops on the banks or the river, tho village .Freacharolo, aad in the horizon Mortara, their headquarters. His Majesty by Means of bis glass could see an Austrian soldier oa the ‘watch ip the belfry of the church of Frescharolo, and even distinguish the hour by the clock. On tae ieft is the rail- way droge, of whicl Luc enemy has blown up twoarches, and which he guarvs with 200 or 300 men. The shakos of sentinels on the banks of the river could be diatinguisned -bere apd the) Tne Emperor then conversed with some of the Italians; Dis Majesty Speaks pure Tuscan, and with a@facihty which surprived bis bearers. after ‘an inspec. tion, which lasted about twenty minutes, the Kmperor turned to leave. As be did Bo the troops, who were drawn Up in line, waved their anakos on toeir bayonets, and cried out @ thousand times, “Vive UEmpereur!” Aa old Ttaltan ot, who, had been in exile since 1849, an. | ap , and cried out, with tears streaming down his 1, “Vana Napoleme, ti Salvatore della Italia!’ The Emperor seemed affycted, and satated him kiodly, At that moment the Koperor’s eye met mine, and, in the emotion of the moment, I ventured to hoid out my hand. ‘Hie Majesty o with aamile to grasp it Tals i# an incident which I shall never forget as long as I live. The Emperor then left by the gate of Alessandria. THE EMPEROR ON A RECONNOTSSANCE. {From tno Paris Monieur, May 23.) On Monday morning, the 160h, at haif-paet twelve, the Emperor went on horseback, acoumypanied by the Major General avd reveral persoos attached to bis housetiold, 10 make @ military reoonnorwsauce. His Majraty first went to the citadel of Alessandria, waren be vinied iu all his de- taile, This fortress, built jn 1728, by Victor Amouée II, is 3 < which cost — ‘twenty five millions of francs, ‘I consider thie place,’” he said, -‘as the whole of Italy; the rest of the country is. an affair of war, this {8 one of politics.” As if to justify these words, the Austrians, in 1814, caused the fortifications which surrounded the city to be destroyed, leaving only the citadel standing; bat the Princes of the bouge of Savoy, faithful to the policy of their ancestors, rebuilt the defences of the place; and latter! important works were executed there by gneers. The Emperor, after having gone over the cita- el, continued his military reconnaissance towards Valen- a, and went along the banks of the Po, and as far as the French advanced posts. In this excursion, which lasted severe! hours, the Emperor frequently asked for informa- ion in Italian from tue inhabitanta of the country. Bodies of woops were met on the passege of his Majesty; the soldiers, were fatigued by a long march, and nad their clothes drenched by beavy rain, bat at the sight of the sovereign who bad come to share their fatigues and dan- gers, they recovered the gayety inseparable from the French character, and uttered loud and lovg continued burrabs, Tbe Emperor, after having seen several posts wbich appeared to be Anstrian advanced ones, returned to Aleesancria about five o’clock. THE AUSTRIAN RIFLEMEN AND THE FRENCH OUTPOSTS. A Jeter received in Marseilles from Valenza bear teeti- mony to the admirable qualities of the Tyroleee riflemen. It is Said that they haraes the French *videttes and out Posts incessently. Day wod night, it is suid, their shots ure whistling through the air, The ground op the other side of the Po affords them good cover, aud they are ever on the watch, The other day General’ Renault went out to reconnoitre, attended by bis aid-de camp, and followed by gtrompeter a few paces behind. The General thought bimbett beyond range, but while be was looking about bim a sharp “thug” was heard, and the poor trumpeter fei! fone morta!ly wounded by ® Tyroleae bulletin the ine. Tho General baving discovered bis error withdrew, and gave up bis recognoisance for tat day. Op avother occasivn a soidier of the Ninetieth French yegiment went down to the bank of the Po to wash out a few things. While engaged in this peacefal occupation a builet siruck bim im the chest aud he fell iato the river, whoee tide bore big body to the Austrian side of the Po— & bloody tribute to tbe murderous accuracy of their fre. “At every instant,” says the letter, “‘wonnded men are being brought in by the ambulances.” THE NEWS FROM THE SEAT OF WAR IN LONDON. [London (May 23) correspondence of Manchester Guardian. } Though the news of “first blood’’ at Montebello for the moment concentrates newspaper interest ou the right wing of the allied armies, Ican see that the real concern of those who take a deeper and wider view of ‘tne situa- Vion” than is possible for the general pubiic is rather wiih the state of affairs on the Rbine than the movements of the armies in Piedmont. Still, with regard to the eacoun ter at Montebello, it may be worth while to mention that the (ficial Austrian accounts substantially contirm those publisped by the allies, with the exception of the estimate of loss. They pat this as about equal on either part. ibe French accounts give a logs of 600 on their sido sguinst one of 2,000 on the part of Austria The Austrian account, moreover, precisely bears out the conjecture put forward jn your leading article of tus morning. It represents the Austrian movement as a revoanaisance in force from Strade The troova it are said to have encountered the superior force at Montebello, ena to baye re- tired, after an obstinate engagement, with about equal loss on both gides, I anticipate news of a farther movement of the allies in the ueigdborhood of Stradeila, io prosecution of their supposed desigts upon Piacenza; and perbaps of a general aciton between the curps d’armée of Count Station end General Baraguay d’ lliers. L have a letter from friends who crossed the Mount Cenis from Turin on Thursday last—wisely preferring the chances of railway and diligeace, even in war time, to the dis- comfort of the overcrowded Marssilles steamers. Tasy accomplished the journey without any dillicuty. « We met,” writes ove of the travellers, ‘‘a coasiderabiecumber of troops (4.000 men, we were told), of various arme— Jancers, hueeare, artillery, &c., but were put to no further isconvenience tuan being obliged to draw ap for a few mt nutes while they passea. It gives one some idea of the number of troops that have been seot that we shoald meet 0 many on & Dight when it was considered that the great body of troy was over—in fact, when we heard uoae were left to come. You cannot imagine whst pistureeque sights Wwe Siw a8 We came along; encampments of soldiers on the green meadows hy the roadside, breakfasting or halt ing, the horees picketed under the green trees, the crim- fon and white flags leaned againet hawthorm hedges, and the soldiers lying among the loveliest grasa and flowers, or filling their cantcens at the river. We passed one company carrying a number of boats (a pontoon company bo doubt), and among them a poor little vivandidre, wrap- ped in ber gray cloak, and trudging away on foot.”? So much for the picturesque of war. My correspondents bave seen the plearant side of the picture, aniare lesy. ing Piedmont just in time to escape the terrtble reverse of the medal. But, as I began by saying, the interest of politicians at present centres rather On the Rhine than the Po or the Ti- cino. Will Prussia be able to resist the heated Auetrian- iem—or rather anti-Galticantsm—of the minor States of Germany? fat she will do her utmost to resist being drag- ged into the vortex of hoetilities is certain, Biroa de Bunsen, among other Prvssian notables, in his letters to his friends here. expresses the most areured hopes in this respect. It is observable, too, that all the liberal speak: ers in the Prussian Chambers, evea when manifesting the ‘utmost distrust of France and the strongest determination to uphold the cause of “Fatheriand,’’ were careful to guard against the imputation of feelmg sympathy with Aurtria in Italy, or of confounding her dominions in Lom: bardy with those included within the limits of the Ger- man Bund. On the maintenance of this distinction by Ger- ‘many, and the strictest respect of Bund territory hy the allics, hinges the chance of Europea ‘The former security Freach in n war. ia endangered by the violence of the Austrian partisans in Bavaria, Hanover and (probably, but more sub ros) in Saxony; the )atter, itis said, may be risked under prea- sure of strategic necessities. We have not yet been pre- cigely informed, however, what are the strategic necessi- ties likely to compel a violation of Bund territory. The Germans, when once their ateam is up, are even more unreasoniog in their entbusiesm than either the French or the Italjans,and the most’ vigorous efforts have been made to heat them to boiliag point in the cause of Avsiria, The Bavarian press is almost entirely wader the control of a knot of strenuous Austrian partisans, amoag the Buvarian nobleseo—deecendants of the old treayon- mongers Who acted ja the pay of Kaiser Leopold against the heroic Prince Flector Max, the associate of Joan Sobiceki, in saving Vi were rewurded for their bave service by lands in Austria, ibeee Jands aro stili porsersed by their descendante, who are now the gecret stirrers ot the anti-Gallican crusade in Bavaria, Were the King of Bavaria left to himself we should gee little manifestation of symoathy with Austria, ayain, every South German priest is vehemently Aus- trian, and both nobility und priests who work in the tate. rest of Austria only are powerfully aided by the re and the old German patriotic fealing of * Vater. lund,” which 1g at the bottom of the ant'-Galiicau—as dis- tinct from the Aus'rian—feeling now 4o loud. The most important fact in its bearing on Roman 04 tholi> sentiment in France, upto this moment, ia the pat lication of tho letver of Pére Lacordaire, in wbich that elo. quent preacher, and undoubtedly orthodox Romanist, declares that Austrian support, has been the curse of the Papacy, and that the overthrow of Austria in Italy will Atrengthen instead of weakening the Pontifical cw I am mformed that this letter bas prodaced a deep effect om the Koman Catoolic world out of France, especiatly In Englaca amd Irciand, where many are eagerly seeking for fone means of reconciling zealous Romacism with political Hberality. Apropos of the Imperial views with regard to the Papacy, I may record an anecdote which I have from an intimate friend of the late M. de Tocqueville. Ia coaver- sation with the Emperor, one day,on the subject of te Pope in his relations to Itsiy end ite liberation, M. de Tocquevilie took occasion to sav— Le Pape est comm: une femme: sa faiblesse fart sa force.” C'est vras.”” replied th@ Emperor, “ mais on a quelquefois vu violenier une femme, ou un Pape.” Zealous xomnnints here do not scruple to express their sense of the probability of another Pontifical visit to Fontainebleau before many months aro over. The expression used to me by one of this body, in describing the accounts he received from Rome was— “They all feel there that they are sianding upon a voleano.”? PASSAGE OF MOUNT CENIS BY THE FRENCH TROOPS. [From the New Haven Journal, Juve ri Gexnva, May 4, 1859. You will receive quite a budget of letters by this steam er—tbat from Florence, written the day after the revolu- tion; from Genoa, giving hurried account of the more- mentg of troops at that point, 80th ult.; from Turin, amidst ecenes of intensest interest, May 2; and now! nave to acquaint you of our leaving Turin (not deeming it prudent to expose the ladies in such immediate proximity of the contest), at 9P.M.,on Monday, for this city, where we arrived safely at 10 P.M. yestercay. Leaving Tarin, we took the cars for Susa, at the foot of the Alps, which uenally occupies about two houre; but being delayed by mectirg long trains of cars filled with French soldiers, wo did not arrive till 12 (mide gnt). At Susa a sabime ecene awaited us, Immesiately ia the large open spacs in resr of the depot 15,000 of the Freoch army arrived during the evening—eome actively preparing to take (a8 many a could) the cars. “A wilder midnigat ecene can hardiy be imagined. Camp fires, with tneir dark line of smoke, throwing their lurid Ights upon the immense hosts; the sounding of bugles, the hurrying to and tro of officers, uhe columns marching, was ® scene jong to oe remembered. For ewo houra we were in the miost of all thi, occupying, in common with offizere and soldiere, the cate attached to the depot, from the door of which we looked out upon the army, occupying even te the spot where we stood, and by which they marched to the cars, sixty five of which, 0 by three engines, took tbeir departure white we waited. It is strange whet a perfect sense of security we felt surrounded by there regiments of eoldiera, They were under the most perfect discipline. Not a word was utwred Wat could offend the most susceptible. The officers were extremely polte—even amidat all the stern duties devolving upon them under such circumstances, never Passing the ladies of our party withoat a polite ta “von. They, with their men, were in high spirits, and, al- though having endured a march of thirty three miles actors Mount Centa since 4 A M., appeared fired with higa enthusiasm for the fight. At2 A. M. we took the dili- gevce, mix Ip our parcy, Major Franklyn, of tne Indiaa sriny, of whom {have in a private letter spoken, beiag the sixth. We commenced the assent with eignteea mules attached to the diligonce—the night very dark, wittl dense clouda and roiling thunter. At 6 A. M. we wore well to warde the summit, in the midst of a heavy sao s'orm, the mountain being ontirely covered oy it. ALG A M. we met tho advance guard of the Freach, and s90a the mua NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, circumstance been permitted to witness the sublime si ing through their columns ly eo world has never seen such rapidity of hag been exhibited by Napoleon in bringing of action bis legions, occupying in their trausit the ses, the patees of the maritime Alps and the pass of Mount Cenis. The resources of the empire are seea in such move ments, apd the ontbusmsm and devotion of the army to the Rmperor cappot be mistexen, in their vivas for the empire aud Emperor, conetantly uttered by the advancing army. At the distance you are from she army you might casi imagine in pt Vbrovgh such armed men; bas, f anaure FoR, on fee sae not a single occurrence—even Coe fa midnight scene at Susa or passing through the Alps—which could have agitated the nerves of the most timid. The shouts of joy, as our ladies waved their handkerchiefs to the passing columns, showed that grim war had not altogether blunted the finer sensibilities, and now and then some fp expression of joy at being poticed from these devoted men could but carry our thoughts to the homes they had left—many of them for- ever—and to their gray-haired sires and mothers, and to wonder when the would arrive when war sbail cease, and the ‘“awords shall be turned into ong sbares.”’ Lam go rejoiced that we did not listen to the ea of the timid and go by the way of les , for we have bad # picture pass in view that can never be éifaced from our memory. All this preparation for war cannot pass for nothing; and even if Austria should retreat across the Ticino, Victor Emanuel (the hope of Italy) and the French will pursue them, and, I ve, drive out of Venetian Lom- bardy. I presume the steamer bearing this will con’ the tidings of the first encounter, Austria haya magoifi- cent arm: , bes paren creamed a Napoleon could con- centrate bie legions with such r: ‘The enthusiasm of the ee release of Italy from the dominion of Austria, their worghip almost of Victor Emanuel, the devotedness of the people, all alike burry ing to his standard—in some cases giving up their tops for the army and their daughters as soeurs de chae rife—awakens a kindred response in the bosoms of us, descendants of Revolutionary sires. THE ITALIAN GENERAL CIALDINL Cialdinj, who is a generaiof division in the, Sardinian army, and of whose operations on the Sesia the last news Drought us an account, is s soldier of fortune, and has risen almost from the ranks. He is a native of Modena, wud embarked in the last war in Spain, taking the side of the liberals, Ho commenced as a lieutenant and was there for seven years, and fought #0 bravely that he was promoted vw the rank of colonel, and received from the Queen the order of ‘ Isabella the Catholic.” In the etrug- gie against Austria, in Italy, in 1848, he received the rank of coloncl from Charles Albert, who afterwards promoted him to the rank of general; and by Victor Emanuel he was presented with the commission of general of division. He Jought with great bravery in the Crimea, and played a Drilijant part at the Tchernaya. ® On taking bis present command, he issued the following spirited address, which we translate from the original, as it appeared in the Eco d’Italia:— Orvickks, SUBALTERNS aND SotpieRs—By the sovereign will, tbe command of this division (the Fourth) nas been Cotrusted to me, and there could not at this moment have been spything more flattering or more honorable to me. J repose my full confidence in your discipline and military ipetri.ction—my full confidence in your constancy and in the valor of your minds. fhe heart of each and eve one beats with the question now agitating Piedmont; eact one prays that you will defend your king, your homes and your family. God Diesses those who gave the coun- try: Heaven receives him who dies for her; but God and man yepndiate the vile. Within afew days you have seen ine encmy—-tbat enemy which condemns the Lombard youthe co die upon the seuffold or in the diemal prison, and yunishes Iiahan Jadies by ignominiousy! flogging them. This many of you bave secn and marked. He knew you with diferent fortune at Goite, Pastrengo, Custoze, Sapta Lucia aod Novara. Vicvorious or conquered in the combet, you will bave at your side fighting with you an army which France—powerfu! France—kas sent. Renew umeng youreelves - renew the noble, contest which the prodigious deeds of the Tcherusya produced. No one ontetrips the Piedmsntese soldier—of no one bas it been raid thathe is more valorous than he. Oflicers, subalterns and soldiers, the wind which blows from our Alp# brings ticinge to the Italian people in the cry of victory, And, ercircling ourselves with # new hulo, raise high the cross of Sayoy, which all the world sees sud biegses from afar. F. CHIALDINL STRENGTH OF THE FRENCH ARMY. Tt is said the French force in Italy is to be increased to 150,000 men. The number of French troope, who, up to the 14th of May crossed Mont Cenis is stated to nave been 60,550, pamely:— ‘Twenty regiments of the line, making 48,000 men. Five battalions of riflemen, 4,000. Twelve batteries of artillery, 2,400 men, 2,169 horges, and 72 guns. Twenty-seven equadrons of cavalry, 4,050 men and as many borecs. Four companies of commissariat, 600 men. Four squadrons of gendarmerie, four complementary companies of infantry, seven companies of engineers, 1,050 men. On the 16th the march of troops was still continuing, and 20,080 others altogether were to pass. From Briangon 16,000 men have been directed on Sasa; the treasury of the army and a depot of 4,000 men were collected there. ‘A letter from Genoa, of the 17th ultimo, states that troops continue to arrive from France and Aigeria. The Chas- seuss d'Afrique arrived there a few daye previously, and the Cent Gardes on the 16th: 20,000 or 30,600 troops are sull expected there. Fifty millions of france in specie have just been sent to the heacquarters in Italy by the French Minister of Fi- nance. People have but little idea, says the Pays, of the cost of transporting the materiel of the army from one place w apother. ‘To give one instance among a thousand, it re quires 300 horses to remove a million of cartridges. We bave already sent ten milliovs to Italy. Three thousand horses, therefore, bave been put into requisition for this simple service alone. THE SARDINIAN KING AND HIS ARMY. {From the correspondent of tne London News Occmiano (PTEDMONTRSE HEADQUAR! sug 19, 185! The firet rewards have been distributed. King Vi tor Fmanuel, who, since Tuesday last, has had hia b quarters in thie place, bas tsened an order of the day, in which he grants the silver medai of military valor to four teen officers and soldiers, and the bonorsblé mention (men- stone onorevole) to thirty others. These brave men have distinguished themselves in the actions and recounoie sances of Frassivetto, Valenza, Vercelli, Casale, Castne Stra acd San Germano. The prodigious’ activity of ie King and General della Marmora can easily be imagined when I tell you that before davbreak they are both on horseback inepecting our lines and giving orders us cir cumsiances require. His Majesiy (who yesterday received a visit from the Emperor Napoleon in this is deeply affected by the reports of Austrian cr which every day reach us from tue invaded country. The positions of the allied armies have ecarcely chaaged pe my last letter, There in, of course, a constaut pg Of French end Piedmontese divisions towards the centre of the Austrian lines; but the movements ure 80 rapid, and are kept £0 secret, that it is almost imo0s8i ble to fo jow them even on the map. Since tae day before yesterday Murehal Baraguay d’filliers’ hoadquarters pave been removed to Tortova. His Exceilen+y nas taken up bie quarters in the palace of Marquis del Garofolo, who was fortunate enotigh to present the old warrior with the very map on which the first Napoleon traced the movemen's of hi or my before the Lattle of Marengo. Ontiat memoranie day the headquarters of the Firat Consul were established at Torre del Garofolo, a sort of country house, which betong ed and still belongs to that noble family. In the joy of the victory the historical map had been forgotten, aod, as may be easily conceived, it became a treasure with the family. The arm chaty on which Desate expired is equally preserved by the Garefolos The outposts of the Maranai’s corps Warmée are now placed at Casatiama and Castegzio. fle is to be regurded as the extreme position of our right Dg. A powerful corps d’armée will paes through Tarin either to-cay or to-morrow. It comes from Susa, and iil be directed either ou the Po or on Vercelli. The ailies are thus swelling their umber every day. ‘The enliggment of Itatian volunteers is not discontinued, and I baye been told that Colone! Alfoesi, a Swiss officer, and General Zambecari, 2 Bolognese ‘nobleman, nave been entrusted by Count Cavour with the organization of two new regiments, which will be called the Cacciatori Trahan. A Piedmontese officer of the general staff told me this morning that the number of volunteers is already 30,000. Money 's collected for dresemg and equipping them Count Ala Ponzone, a rich novleman from Cremona, bas be Parig a battery 0; eight guns, three horses aod cor; rancs, to be given as @ patriotic present to the of Garibaldi. This brave General is atill the. idol of Italians and the terror of Croats. He has» good number of French, Swiss aud even English voluo teers amongst the men under his command. He leads his battalions to the attack, and is always to be found in the thick of the fire. Your readers wil! remember the accounts of nim when he was at Rome. Ho was tho clad in 8 most picturesque though eczentris costume half Spanish and balf Italian of the middie ages. manto bas been got rid of, and the Garivaidi of the sent day has assumed the elegant untorm of a P eee general. His men are dreesed with » green white trimming over the shoulders, the officers The corps of Guides wear a grey jacket with black trimming onthe Auzzar fashion, large trousers of the same sabre and a Coll’s revolver. Toey are always a’ their good chargers, wud are much feured by sbarpsnooters and Croat marauders. fhe apirit of 0 army could not be betier—it is punting for (hs day of action. The Piedmontere Gazette announces that a military + office haa been evtablished at the Sardinian heatyaset and that all letters sadressed to a Piedmontere 80 must bear the name or number of the regiment to which the man belongs, without any necessity of puttiag the name of the place. ADDRESS TO THE IMPERIAL GUARD OF FRANCE. General Reynaud de Saint Jeam d’Angely the following Order of the day to the Imperial Gu: bis command:— Mareyco, May 18, 1859 Soldiers of the Guard! War bas broken out betweon Frence and Austria; in a few days tho Emperor will come to place himeelf at our head, and lead us rat those piatas where the name of Arcole, Lodi and Marengo wit! rea you of the glory of your forefathers. You will syow your. selves worthy of them, and of the glorions namo you boar. You will give tue army an example of intremuity iu uaa gor, of order and @iroipline on the march, and of calmucss JUNE 8, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. REYNAUD DE SI. JEAN D’ANGELY. GENERAL ORDERS IN NAPOLEON’S HEAD- JUARTERS, Paris letter in A: ee some general prescriptions agreed to by the Emperor of ‘the French and the King of Sardinia, and which are to have the effect of general orders:— Every cvening, st nightfall, the King and the com: mandants of the different corps d’armec, are to send to the Emperor » succinct account, containing the number of men under arms in each army, the important facte which have taken place during the day, and every Intelligence that has been received of the movements of inoue. Every day, balf an hour befere suarise, the troops one, under arms, as thovgh they were about to be ed, and after daylight, when it snail be certain that the enemy is not making any offensive movement, the troops will return to their bi- vouacs. At that hour the King and the commana dents of corps d’armér are te state to the Emperor what they may know of the position of the enemy. The com- mandants of the corps d arméc are to pay the strictest at- tention that the officers have not with them any usclesa baggage. It is forbidden to any one to have a large tent. The officers ps. If the troops bave to encamp for several days ata distance from any habitation, tents willbe supplied to them from their headquarters. Every officer must himself carry his cloak across his shoulders, and @ caee in which he can bave one day’s provision. The Emperor bas decided that, during the conticuaace of operations, the infantry shall only carry with them the epi, great coat, jacket and trousers, two paire of shoes— ope Ob, abd the osher in the knapsack—and the amail tent The other clothing of the men 18 to be packed up and aeut immediately to the depot of the corps, which is to be es- tablished at Genos. It will be the same with the ball blanket, ¢ for the Zouaves wad the Algerian tirail- Jeurs, who will retain it, as wellas the emallcloak. The hat is suppressed, and replaced by the kpi duriag the whule campaign, even for general officers. GENERAL DI SONNAZ, THE SARDINIAN HERO AT MONTEBELLO. King Victor Emanvel has addressed the following let- ter, dated Occtminno, May 18, to Gen. di Sonnaz, the same peootned distinguished himseif in the engagement at Mon- tebello: Excgutency—The noble, patriotic and valorous beba vior displayed by your Excellency during these latter days, when, the capital being threatene1 with a hostile in- cureion, you joined with afew tr the division of caval. ry, jn order t oppose the inroad of the enemy, has bern s0 fully appretiated by me that I feel the necessity of ex- preasipg my sincerest satisiaction to your Excellency, and to exprets at the game time my warmest thanks. This spontaneous and gallant act is a new proof of that constant devotedness ta the throne, of which both my fathor and I have received eo many proofs; it is another gem to be added to your Excellency’ sp'eadid gervices, by which you have acquired so many claims to my epecial regard, and to the esteem and gratitude of the country and army. Now that the danger which threatened the capital is past, your Excellency may reaume the command of the military ivision of Turin, while am firmly convinced that in the event of any future serious emergency both the country ‘and the King may always rely on the arm and the wisdom of your Excellency—a witdom and aa arm which age can- not enfeeble, VISTOR EMANUEL. REVOLUTIONARY ADDRESSES TO THE HUN- GARIAN TROOPS, [Correspondence of the Loudon Times. } AUSTRIAN BEapgvarters, MorTARA, May 15, 1859. No movement of any importance bas taken place since my last, except that one corps d’armér (Count Stadion’s) Bes been moved from here about tweive miles farther south. I have just come into porsession of an important docu- ment, ® circular distributed in Milan and the neighbor- bood to the Hungarian troops ia march. They are said to bave been traced to Carin, Dut I have no proof of this. I send you the origina’, but will, with tbe assistance of a gallant bussar, trane/ave for you one or two passages :— Bongarians brothers, soldiera~These lines are seut to you in the nawe of the Husgarian fatherland, and of your former leaders, that you msy know bow t act at’ the commencement of tte nextwar. We loform you that notonly the Piedmontese, but aleo the French, sre about to attack austria dnd drive ber out of lialy. When Austria is beaten thare, the uoited atmy will hasten co to Lungsry * * ® When the war beging, where and when you can, come overtous * * # So, in March France and Sardinia had determined on war, and were merety focling Kog!and with acceptance of mediations and congresres. Severs! hundreds of these circulars were diatributed. Many were brovgbt to their officers by the mea. At the present toment others sre constantly left in their way, 1m Croatian, Hungarian and Bohemian. TIONS AND THE AUSTRIAN EX- CESSES. [Turin (May 20) corresponcence of Lon ion Times.) The Turin papere continue to publish letters from East. erb Piedmont giving particulars of Austrian exactions and of robberies committed by sulaiers in houses, shops, sad from the person, It is also stated that a: various places many of the inhabitants were cast into prison. As none of there letters, however, that I bave lately met with mention anything of outrages upon women and cruelties of the kind referred to in ay letter of the 16th, we may venture to hope that such enormities bave been very rare, and that the rumors of the kiad tomt bave reached us bave been unfounded, or at least exaggeraved, Some very extracromary tajes have reached us [from abroad, but have not been confirmed by any thing we have learned bere, Among others, I paw the otoer day, in some Evglish pa- per, a horribly picturesque account of a wild galiop of a ecore of Untans, each one with agbricking maiden on his saddie bow. It was eaid to have occurred wittina very moderate dietance of Turin, but it had never reached our ears, and people here laughed at the tale. We have Board nothing bere of the shooting of two Pieémontese Mayors and @ rich proprietor for treasopable correspondence with the Austrians. ITALIAN TROOPS IN THE AUSTRIAN ARMY. fee (May +6) corresponceace of the Londoa Post } Perbaps it may interest your readers to know how far Tealy contributes vo the strength of the Austrian army. [ give you some details from one of the papers, without ia any Way guaranteeing their accuracy. Some of the regi- roents 1 Know to be correctly Geacrived, The Lombarvo- Venctian kingdom furnizhes the Austrian army with nine teen regiments of infantry, each regiment being on a ‘war footing 6,000 strong; five battalions 0: Chasseurs, the Sixth, Kight®, “Fieventh, Eyghteesth apd Twenty-tiftn—the Fighth, nth ‘and Twenty fifth, 1,000 strong; the Sixth end Fighteenth, 825 stropg; five regimeaw of cavalry, the Eighth’ dragoons, 1,050 tour Lancer ' regiments—-the Sixth, ‘Seventh, Nth ang Eleventh—each 1,625 strong; four demi regiments of ar- tillery, altogether acuounting to 9,000 men, with 145 guna; 8iX demi battasions of Engineers, 2,000 strong; Second aud Sixth battalion of Pontooniers, 608 men; apart of the military train. Besides contrivuting wo the army in this proportion, Lorbaray and Venwe flad men for the fieet, the geadarmerie and toe hosvital ger the amvunt of about 4,000 men, which makes sitog grand totai of 84,000 wen, these regiments were sont some time since into Galicia and Bonsmia, where wey will remain a8 prisoners in Bome degree during the war, A PIEDMONTESE VIEW OF THE AUSTRIANS’ A leer from Vercelli, dated the 19tn of May, und pud- lisbed in the Diritto, says: You may bola tt for certain that T have seea more than soldiers pass through Vercetii, aod I can tell you they are well armed, and algo of fiue stature, al- dishegrtened, and for the most part unois infantry soidiers are il! equipped, out they i Tt is. good for us chat they are not vurage, and wthey are oppos ad to our *, Who are full of ardor for the cause they defend. tillery 18 numerous, but heavy, the cavalry, i8 weil equipped, 2 We saw avout 72 pieoes of arti tu borzes. rockets. The Austrian advanced post aur’ we is magniti- cent. They are continually scugying the groaad = Daring their occupation of Vercelit, they always dad @ vidette on the lofty wer known as that of Palace, who, with two flags made telegraphic signs directed to the stevple of the negaboring village. Oa the Piazza there was con tinnaily @ soldier, with his nead turoed towards the tower, to reportsigne of alarm immediately to toe Genere! In this manner they know ali the movements of our troops in the neighboring country. ARISTOCRACY OF THE AUSTRIAN ARMY. [eortars (Muy 16) correspondence of Loudon Timys.} Prince Niebo as, of Naesan, joined the army yesterday ss a volunteer, He bas, of course, beea weil received, particularly ag bie talents and energy will taake him very powerful io inflaencing and directing the German move ment now commencing You are aware that the Austrian army contains mom. bers of nearly every pobie faruily not only in Austria but from other parts of Germany, There are at preseat here, as generals, a Prince of Hesse and Prince Liechtensein, and the stai! of every geceral containe names well kno#n in history. These stuif officers are very numerous, for eac corps @armér is compiete army in itsuif. General Beuedek’s, for instance, consists of 43,000 men (of whom sbont 4,000 are cavairy) and 128 guns. The outer divi- sions have only ninety six guas each, but the whole artil lery is under a “ director,” General Stwrtnik, so that ite distribution varier. Ofcourse the business of each corps requires a complete stat!, and then there is the etaff of the commander. in-chief. General Stankovics is Adjutant General, and Colonel Baron Kubn Quartermaster General. On the last named officer, next to Count Gyulai, depends the success of the campaign, it being bis duty to arrange the details of every movement, and of course to advise upon it. He is looked son 8 @ man Of wonderful military talents by ns br officers. Time wil show. Among the commanders {n the Austrian army, Count Nenperg, the son of Marie Louise, aad half brother to the Due do Reichstadt, the eon of Napoleon L., stands foremost. A reacontre between him and the Emperor of the Freash would be sipgular enough. The Couatis said to bear a stropg resemblance to the late Duc de Reichstadt. er THE AUSTRIANS IN VENICE. The following lewer from Venice, dated tne 7th inst., has been received in Paris:— It wa fact that there ita French fleet in the Adriatic, apc verv neur Venice. We can perceive the tri cotored flog from the tower of St Marc, and tor that reason the poblic are no longer permitted to ascend thers, Tae Avg- Irian steamer which carries the mail Detwoen Venice and Trieste Went out yesterday as usual, but after a short tame she returned into port. The passage movey paid by the paseengers was returned to them, aod they were forced to travel by land. Within the last two or three days tbe steamers of the Austrian Lioyd’s bave taken refuge in the harbor or in the caoal of Guidecoa. Toe Governor posted a notice this morning joformng the in Dabitante tbat iv case of danger it would be auaounced by the Gring of twelve guns. In that cage the iahabitaats of the town are to shut themselves Up and close the.r houses The Governor issued an order three dave since prohibiting the use of dresrme within the fortiticatlons—even by ‘Vhoee having @ license to carry arms, SIEGE FLEET OF FRANCE FOR THE ADRE ATIC. j (May 19) correspoatonce of London Times.) et ie Deting Oat with bot haste at Touton, tron plates, stout enovgh to resiat the heaviest shots and to to protect the men working the gun. The veasels themselves are said to be constructed of iron 1 POB- sessing the same force of remstance, 0 that are, in fact, aotproot foatin, batter It is to Adcartain te exact clio of the pivot guna, but they are believed to be 60 pounders, similar to what have been of late years introduced ‘nto the French navy. It is also |, With what truth I know not, that they are rifled ; ‘Will be almost impossible to bit them from the abore, af > ib 1s aueerted, of their being ultimately empioyed on the Lake of Garda, whion forms a portion of the Auatri- ‘ans’ great line of defence, extending from the famous rectangle of Mantua and Verona to the Tyrol, Should the French beable to launch the gunboats on the lake, they would doubtless do good eervice, but to get them there will be most difficulty. WHAT WILL THE NEW KING OF NAPLES DO . IN THE OR) {From tae Lonoon Heraid, May 24 } Ferdinan® {1., late King of the Cwo Sicil ea’em, expired on Sunday iast after a pain’ iine La Ld ° e Qur present object is to point out the favorable oppor tunity his successor enjoys of bestowing upon the peopis of the Two Sicilies those constitutional privileges wach they have been 80 often promised. Let him recali Filan- gbierl, place copicence in men of that character, and at onco proclaim theconstitution Iualy ix now pawing through aerisis in which the patriotism and the abitity of her sons ‘will be tried to the utmost. It is the bounden duty of the nw kings while observing the strictest neutrality, to endeavor w gain Ure confidence of his subjects, and, by granting proper bs oge to remove discontent and render insurrection impossi- There is no bope of witimate adveatage by which he can be induced t0 embark im tue war, ana if be bas no- thing whatever to gain, most assuredly he has everything torisk by permitting his country w be drawa into the ‘vortex. 4 We doubt not that our ministry will loee no time in sending a representative to Naples, that ite new sovereign may be made fully acquainted with the poitcy and inten. tons of the British goverhment. Their iuilueoce wil be Girected Lowards ihe Jaudubie objects of repairing the evils caused by @ mistaken poilcy, aud of preventing auytning approaching to a repetition of the fatal mistakes we have 40 often deplored. Qur quarrel was with the iate King, and ia will be better for bow nations to let bygoues be bygones. The Nespo'itan people suffered deeply from the ‘Withdrawal of the wholesome influence exercised by the representative, at their Court, of our free gov ernment, while British interests in that part of the world have been deft aimort without apy protection. Our influence has, of course, de: chned, and our commerce {alien to an extremely low ood. The necessity for the renewal of relations between the two governments hus long been acknowledged, and the death of Ferdivand Il. affords an opportun cy ‘that can rearcely be permitted to escape. His successor takes tue heira wi a critical period, and requires that support which can only be derived from a sound policy and a coura geous devotion to duty. The Muratists wil! doubtless re- double their efforts, which may be completely foiled by the introduction of proper reforms aud the restoration of constitutional goverment. Whereas, if tacir totrigues were crowned with success the condition of the fwo Si cities would become stili more degraded, and the last nope of a beucficial change wouid be irrevocably sacrificed. [From the Manchester Guardian, May 21 } On the immediate fature of the State which hé has to profoundly misgoverned, it appears whoily vain to spe culate, The legitumate beic to the kiagdom isavery youag map, known only as a pliant pupil of tne priesthood, aod ® spiritlees adberent of the political echoo! in which ne bas been trained. There is nothing to be hoped for from his tnstance, or from the independeut action of his subjects, Jor of allthe inhabitants of the Peninsula they are the Last to whom we haw reas m to lok for the elements of political wisdom and well ordered freedom, Bat al! ordinary csica Jations respecting the probable course of evente ia lly are disturbed by the war torough which, for goad or evil, tne destinies of the whote land are to be largely determinxd So tong ag the question of Austria’s ability to maintain her domination continues in suscense no Bourbon cao hope to hold the eceptre of the Two Sicihes, save by a very uncertain and precarions tenure.’ From day to day we may expect to hear that the contagims excitement of the suruggl: fostered by French intrigue nas Kindle in Naples, or stilt” more probably in the wsland of Sictly, the fire of ‘iv.surrection, Beyond that no one can aurmige what may happen, nor can a weil-wisher of Italy easily Bay What should be desired, There are peopie who profers to know that the memory of Joachim Murat is fill recalled with offection among his fermer subjects, and we believe there is no doubt that the existen.e of such a feeling bas been assiduously tested by the representatives of the femily ot that crowned military adventurer. Every contideration of reason is opposed to the revival of pre- tensions 80 baseless and 20 obsolete. Bot it never was moreapparent than pow that reason is not always para- mount in the destinies of States; and ail we can do for Naples or Italy is to hope that their last state may not be worse thon that from which they are to be extricated by the inter- vention of the Emperor of the French. THE LOMBARDO-VENETIAN LOAN, The offiial Gaztte of silan contains a notice relating to the igeue of the Lombardo Vecetian loan of 75,000,000 of florins, Austrian currency The provisions of this toan are stated as follows:— 1. The eum of the aforesaid toan of 76,000,000 of florins wil) bave to be paid for three fifthe, that is for 45,000,000 of florins, by the Lombard provinces; and for two-fifths, that is for 20,000,000, by the Venetian provinces, 2. The issue of the bonds of the said loan will take place at the rate of 70 floripe of Augtrian currency, in silver co ud, for each 100 florins of pomical value, 8 The bonds will bear interest of thgee per cent per annuum, al+o in silver money. 4, the payment will extend over twelve equal instal- ments, monthly, end conecca'ive'y. §. This loan will be paid back atthe nopinal value of the bonds in twenty five successive years, at the rate of 8,000,000 of florins per angum, by lottery. The firat liqui- cution will take place in 1862, THE RU! FRENCH ALLIANCE. {Paris (May 22), correspondence of Mancoester Guardian. ] You muy confidently rely upon it that every possible degree of intimate inteligence exists now between this government and Rutgia. The alliance ts as complete as tt can be, always keeping in view the reserve Russia will make mentally. 80 a8 to enable her to draw Yack, tf Lous Nepo- Teom should not be lucky The sense of the present agreement between the two Powere is, that France shall have Belgiam and the Rhine provinces, and that Russia shall have Constanticople. M. de Persigny is sent to Lonvon to throw dust ia our eyes, amd to bedp falsebood upon falsehood, to any amount—to play with us the part his muster played wiih the National Agsembly of Kranoa, swearing, to the last hour, fideitty to we republic. The reault of the Crimean war has been the Franco-Rus alliance, whilet the result of the Anglo-French alliance bas been to put Louis Napoleon’s foot in the stirrap he never could bave reached had we not helped him to it. We bave nothing for it now but to repair as dest we may the mistakes our own straightforwardness and blindness to the dupheity of others Lave got us into. We should do weil to look sharply Dow to waat is going on between the Grand Duke Constantine aod bis late father’s friend, the ck man.” deanwhile, Roesia is in high favor with the Parisians. The Grand Duke ot Mecklenburg, who has just ieft tais— being a cousin of the Duchess d’Urleans, and disliking the Bonaparte rule, dectiped to lodge at the Tuileries, and or- dered aparuments for himself at the Louvre. A telegraphic orcer irom St. Petersburg, however, awaited bim on his read here, and he was ovtiged to accept the Imperial hos- pitality. Morethan that, His Royal Highness was advised by M. de Kisecleff and by M. de Morny to show himself in public in the Russian unitorm; and go he did. ad of Jera- aad tedious THE RUSSIAN ALLIANCE AND THE ENGLISH ALLIANCE. [From the Paris Presse, May 18.] A mistake hes long existed with reapect to Russia. Be- cause she had tbe chief part in effecting the fall of Napo- leon and furnished the largest contingent to ube coalition, certain publicists, elevating into a political dogma the momentury triumph of force, represented her as Pow. er essentially dominant, as unassailable a8 inviacible, pressing Europe on all’ sider, and incapablo of being at- tacked on any point. They depicted her, with her popu- lation of fifty millions of men, beginning at the wail of Chiva, ber right foot resting on the Pole and her lef; on the Cespian and Black Sea, vot offering throughout that immense surface any weak point, aod being able at ber own time and pleasure to march on Vienna, on Berlin or on Constavtipople. The war in the East delivered Earope from this nightmare The siege of Silistria and tho taking of Sebastopol tried the extent of her aggressive power and her territorial inviolability. We aro now in a better condition to judge of Ruseia. Frazee bas no reason cither to fear her or to desire to reduce her strength, or to put an obstacle to the progress of her power, om condition, be it weil un- derstood, that she does not entertain wo bigh an idea of ber greatoess, and that she does not im- one on herself as to the means of consolidating it ‘ith her vast territory, her fertile provinces and her fron tiers, which place her 1a commnpication with all the ne tone of Europe and Asia, she ougnt to doubt the wisdom of op expansion which bas carried her even now beyona weir lim: Alexavver II. is able w play a flae part; let him proportion the power of bis administration to the ex tent of bis dominions; let him civiizo the most diataot parts; let bim develope all the erements of fecundity which they contain; let him, in a word, make use of the force of bis empire, not to increase it, but to govern it, and he will bave done more for bis coun- try, or at least as much, as the most glorious of his predecessors. Rogeia saw the folly of the war in which she was e2 geged ageinst the Wertern Powers, and abe reti time to Rave her honor and her power. Bat it is veces sary that the avould give an enourtog example of mode ration ere ahe ceases to bean object of disquietude tw Europe. A State which from the period of the partition of Polend uptil 1853 cought to eat bleh her jodaence tarougd the disorder into which her skilful diplomacy had thrown the relations of other nations—a State which had bern tp turn either the eoemy or tbe ally of all, cannot belong di- Tectly to the political system of any. Ruselan jor f wgron four years has been governed by one of thore sovereigns of whom it bas been justiy said that they are, in certain countries, “a happy accident; bat, in fine, sheis governed by A single wi), which is Hiabie w change, but i¢ pot bound legaliy to sulfer repression, re dress or control. That which a liberal sovereign, like ta~ Em alexander, may d@ to-cay, a sovereiga like Niepolas can undo to-morrow. Consequently, so loag ac Roesia shall be without fixed institutions aud rigin, sd: will not offer sure guarantees either for ner alliances or against ber enterprises, With reapect to Fracce in par toular, Rossis can at@ways by powertal diversions ald u or retrench indirectly from the resources of her enemies bot directly she could do sitle either to aart or serve her It is not the came with Ragland. Botwoen her and us nations bo called in question, ree fundamental points constitute the basis of their Policy—the maintenance of peace, of the general liberties and the principles Of modern civilization, aoe oF 0 peeahinn ibe Cumioent? pS po he a conquesis, Bi g!and has nothi to acquire. It ig easy for them, then, to place themselves, io regard each oth:r, in & position at once yiciding, secure, rates ranteed and in accord. By ber constitution, Engiand is like a second all men who think and all people who wish to be free, and it is owirg to tbia that France is her natural ally. What. ever may be the errors and the faults of their govern. meuty, these two Powers are the wgis of feeble Siates and the safeguard of oppressed nations. In spite of frequent and inevitable differences, their alliance, thoagh of com- paratively recent date, has been productive of great good, here hee been more sown than bas been reaped; but the germs which the retarding professors of eternal cappot choke wil! grow up for the prosperity of Europe. ‘The relations of France and England are indicated and commanded by commerce, policy and geography. Two ations piaced clote together by nature are destined to be eterpa)ly friencs or eternally enemies, Whatman of sense could hesitate ip such an alternative? a Iu the year 1790 Mirabeau said of an intimete alliance with England, “that it would be a profouud act of rare povcy ;’ sud Napoleon, in 1803, wrote to Lord Waitworth, ‘We think to unite with you auld not to combat,;ani thus we should regulate the destinies of the world. Everytning is possible for the interest of bumanity should France and Epgisnd be reunited.” Ibi, then, moet reasonadle ‘hat poiitical spirits aod the friends of liberty without dis- Mincuon of parties, are aillicted and terrified at aaything ‘bat can compromise, even momentarily, an allance vo which such gress interes ached, THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT AND THE TREATY OF VibNNA. {From the Londoa Koopomist.} We do not know bow far it may be truv that the pre- sent government are im avy way prepared still to gua- raptee to Austria the terms of tue broken treaty of ’ It 18 said that they have provested against those words in the French proclamation of war which seemed to imply anu intention to dispute with aurtria her posses- sicn of Lombaray; and if 20, it is obvious that they may ‘be drifting England into implied engagements to Austria which it will be very difficult afgerwarcs for the mation to repudiate. Now, if this be judeed the case, wecan only fay Let the government shoula nut be allowed to remain ip power e #ingle week after any suctriachnation to piedge Eng'and to @ direct guarantee of the terms of the broken treaty bas become krown. We sflirm coaflaently that there has been no pledge ever given by Englund to defend Austria a ut the provable issues w rer Iulian emptre of such a war as that now begun. That it is not for the benefit f Eurcpe, but would be very mucn to its dedriment, hut the lexrms of so discredited an arrangement as that of the treaty (f Viennaphould now be actively defended by England, Tpat whatever be the rights of the question as lo which Power was the first to violate the treaty of Vienna, Austria bad never really adhered to tue apirit of that ar- Tenge ment, and be acts which virtally stretched her em- pire throughout the duchies and positively tbreateved tae sefety of Predmont, has brougut upou herself the war which is now kin tied in Italy. Englend is tu po way bound to assist Austria in retain- ing poetersion of her Lomvard domioioos, This itm pot orfficult vo show, By the treaty of 1815 ali the allied Powers “recognized his Majeety, the Emperor of Austria, his beire ava cuccessore, as legitinaie eovereigze of tne nd territories wbicn been ceded either in part by the treaties of ‘amoo Formio,” &c., and alro of the duchy of Milan and bie preseat Lombard porsetsions Bet while Eogiana is seaured!y bound to Tecogniee the Emperor of Austria's title to these terri- tories, 80 long as the coccelves Austriato have fuittiled her part of the epgsgement, sbe bai never bound berseif fo take any active pall ia defending that title egaines those Powers who sasert that, ss lar as they ure coa cerned, the treaty js broken, A treaty by which we re- cogcise the legitimate authority of different States, aud thereforey neciuding os from dispadng it, 1s ous thing; » treaty coiwaitiiog us to defend that ulie is auother thing. ‘The jaiter m this cese We certainly have ever eDtered into. Indeed, the treaty of Vienna has been violated more thap opee, end violated ‘or the exclative benedt of austria herself, witueut giving rise to war. Che protest of Eng and and France againe; the aoncxstion of the inde- pencent State of Cracow to Auetria, was simoly atare- garded by Austria, Procsia auo Rossia m 1846. 10 no one case in which the treaty of Vienoa bas been iafrioged bes itever yet been supposed that ime parties to tat treaty were in apy way callett upou to guarantee its ob- ance, The infraction of the contract by any one party has no donbdt been commitied its own riek, and with the clear knowledge that its act got involve 1t ia war. But it bas always been @ point pertectly open to the dis- cretion of the other parties to that contract, whether they shoulo support the agreement by furce or acquiesce in the new state of things. They bad & right to com- piaip if they thought Ot. They were in no way bound: to complain, much ices to support their complaint by any display of force When once we had protested against the violation of the treaty of Vienna ss between Austria and Sardinia and France—wnich we did when we pro- tested against the Austrian ultimetum—it was certainly neither pecetrary nor wise to euter any protest in favor of the broken arrangement on its own merite. The de- claration of war was a measure we did right in trying to avert, but simply because a pacific arrangement was all- important, not because the oid arrangement was in itself good, The peace once brokea, the oid guarantees recog- nized by both France and Austria once removed, it would be not only as easy, but far casier and wiser, to use all our fluence, whenever we may bave any, to obtain bet- ter and more solia guarantees, instead of cadeavoring to lestore the crazy old fabric which has broken gown. It would be far from desirable, if it were ible, to return to the Italian arrangements of i815. Tne present Chancelior of the Exchequer should pe the Girst person to recognise this. His Inteat potitical bias is of very. modern Gate. In criticising, in ove of bis cleverest works, the dip'omacy of Lord Castleresgh at Vienna, be ays thas tne Dake of Wellington’s exploits, and ‘‘suropean eveucs even greater than his achievements, piaced ia the mannikia grasp of the English ministry ‘the settlement of Earope ‘The act of the Congress of Vienna remaios the eternal monvment of their diplomatic knowledge and political ea. gacity. Their capital feats were the creation of two kingdoms, both of which are alrendy erased from the p of Evrope. They made no eingle preparation for the inevitable, aimort impending covjunctures of the East. Altthat remains of the pragmatic arrangements of the mighty Congress of Vienna is the mediatisation of the petty Gertnan princes” Yet it is this wretched arrange- ment, proiitic of wars and ramors of wars ag it bas been, whicb, though already broken down as between France and Austria, the present Eogiien ministry are disposed by the use of their influence to doster up, and If possibie to restore.” Prussia, if we mey believe the most recent ACCOULES, is Retting US an exatOple We enoUld do well tofol- low. The Parliamentary Commission of Vrosgia 1a etated fo have used these remarkable words in reporting on the exceptional laws necessitaed by the present Austrian “ The strouger Prussia becomes by the harmony: between tbe King and the peopie, the jess can she iater- fere by arms in countries where Buch Larmouy does not exiet.”” It would be well if Bogland would act in the spi- Tit of there words, and refose to give a single atom of ber influence to any arrangement which ball tead to reiatro- Guce into aly a #tate of things whers “each harmony (between kings and people) does not exist.” We are bound to respect the tiste of Austria to Lombardy, #0 ioag as we think that sie bas bot vroken hee part ot the en- gagement, Weare arsurediy not bond to support taat titie i the present quarrel, or to atempt to restore, 10 cage ehe ehouid cose an actual supremacy whisa-we See to have been fatal to the weitsre of Itaiy, the very: sondity of the Austrian empire, aod the tranquiitity of Barope, No one who studies the history of austrian jnterveation in Italy since 1815, oreven s1uce 1847, caa doubt for ® MoMEDE that She Lins repentedly violated tne spirit of the treaty of Vienba, and brought thie crisis upoa herself, We succeed 10 exp elDg Austria, 4 the universal wig, We be- lieve, of the English people.’ But, whatever France may intend, she could not have gawed this opyortunuy of 10- terference bad noé Austria been flagrautiy and aystemati- cally violating the neutrality ol the 1uiuor Statea@l Italy, ano exciting the most just and pavural aiarm in Piedmont ever since the constitutional system was ouce estaviished there, It is simply vatrue to gay that eiher France or Serdivia have manufactured the occazion for hustilties. That they bave brought on a crigig no one can dpudt. Bat even since the Jongrees of Paris in 1856 the duct of Austria Dag been £0 menacing, ani her interference be- yond ber own boundary so us:rupalous, tous no free RoverDment conid contemplate it without profound excite- ment avd without casting abvat every where for tue means of relief, If Sardinia bas thus fet and bas cast herself upon France in ber need, who can biame her? It was oaly in 1856 that Parma was filled with Auatriaa troops uo to the very frontier of Sardioia, while the attitude of Austria was unfriendly and menacing in the extreme. Let £og- land for a moment imagine herself in such a situation, without the sea boundary which protects ber. Would not the ministry of the day be absolutely forced on apy policy which would hoid out hopes of aes- troying OF counteractiwg 80 overwreiming a peri? ‘What are the terme of the treaty concluded between Aus- tra on the one band, and Mocens aod Parma on tho other, no later than 1£47 and 1848 respectively, and acted apon, as we have said, in 1856? We quote them as follows from ‘be treaty with Modena in 1847, That with Parma in 1848 ws the same exactly, mutatis mutandis. Art. 2, Ths States of nis royai Highness the Duke of Moaena, entermg hevceforward in the tine of defence of the Halia provinces of bis Majesty the Emperor of Aus- tra, bis royat Highness the Duke of Modena, concedes to bis Majesty tue Emperor, the right of marcuing the impe- rial troops op the Modenese territory, and of occupying {is fortresees, whenever the interest of their common de- fence or mijiary precaution sha}l 20 reqaire. Art 3. Sbould circumstances occur in the interior of the States of tbe Dake of Modena, wolch might lead to the helief thag tranquillity ano Jegal order are likely to be disturbed, or when such tarbu/ent movements: it have: reen to the beght of an Insurrection, torepress waich the @raps at tbe diposal of the government should not be suflicent, bis Majesty the Emyeror of Austria promises, a toon tm he shell have been informed of such distur: osncer, to lend every military agaistance necessary for she mnsintenance and re-establishment of tranquillity aad legal order, art. 4. His Royal Highness the Duke of Modens pro. Misee Dot to couciude avy militery convention whatever »ith another Power without the previous cousent of his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty. Now, wbo cav bold for a moment that Austrian domin- C. pea = by oy amd reco in = trosty po Vienna, wi tho rat! and acts such treaties these? Who can deny to Piedmont the duty of provesting ageypet such an overbalance of despotic influences ia the ‘asian peninéuie as atriking at the very foundation of her own felon Nothing oan ee presen 4 aue:r'a bas berseif, ano herself only, 1a, econ ot thie war, ‘shoover may be responsibie for the guilt of preciprtating its outbreak. For hinken tren ‘events, the course of duty ts clear. She »Se8 DO w Lelp whatever w Austria in Italy, even by he letter of ber engagements. As matter of policy, no- thing Would be more foatish than 10 promire such help or so lend even her inflosneo 19 restore a rotten system of guarantece, Asa question of political morality, Austria