The New York Herald Newspaper, May 27, 1859, Page 4

4 Russia, cumstances and ber interests will permit her, has declared that she has made no engagement with any other Power which buads her; she will ocoupy fur the imo: | ment am expectant posision, and wilreserve her entire Isberty’ | to change that postion ihe mumunt the other Powers wter- | Jere in this war. Tao .owmission is convinced that the war sustained by Austria in ltsly against Sardioia and Fraoce—even when | is taken into Consideration certain mistrust a8 regards France—doce not olor to the governmeat avy plausible Yeasou for lending aby armed assistance to Austria. } The more Progsia evjoys an imtimate accord between ‘the King and the people, ihe ess she will be inclined to Jend ber arms to another couniry where that accord 1s | entirely wanting. { OBLIGATIONS OF THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION. [Translated trom the Paris Patric, April 30, for tho New Yous Henaiv.} Some days ago we pul 4 wwe 40th article of the German federal pact, whicd stipulaies (hat sf a federate State commences a war beyond the federal leroy, a & European Power, thas war beovmes foreign to tue Conjedera- will remain nectral as long as oir- Brose MN sicle 47th of the same pact completes the dispositions Of artioie 46th io Whe fouowing words:—In case such a Stale (article 46th) t threatened or attacked in ls possessions out. Se Se other side of the Rhino the large French journsis bare Tidiculed it. T hope that tcfore long those raiitorios Will clbpewise and more rerionsiy bo answore rejoice to be tho first Geman Priace, who by his in depencent position, 6 ensvied (O enter the rani of the defenvers Of the fatheriaid; but obuer dutics prevent others w folow that | @ now, The labors of the Charuhers over which 1 leve beea called to preside bave beep for the most part entirely fmwaed, but we ba JH fome MDPOr laut Gacetions to decile, May their solu ¢ happy results, S All Chose preeent were muck moved. Vico President, Dr, Lucur, expressed ia tho name of the Chambersthe bope that the heroic and patriotic de signs of the Prince would be accompanied by tik bled ings of Heaven. +be committee of the Diet of the Datchy of Baden is to meet 00 the 16th; among the propositions to bo auvmitted Js that OF authorizing the Soverviga to couwact Guus and catablish extraoroinary imposiions in time ol War, evea without the ascent of the Statcr, VIBWS OF RUSSIA. {Translated from the Nord of Brussels, May 8, for the New York Hxastn } The Austrian press, and the German journals which are devoted \o its interest, are in very great trouble about the attitude of Russia in the progent crisis. ‘They were very aude of the Confederatwn, the obligation to take measures of common defence, t participate in the war or to furnish help, ws only wmoumbent to the Confederation if the Diet, after having deliberated tr limited council, finds in the pluaraduty of votes that there is danger for the federal territory. As it may be perceived, this article fs not at all appil- cable ty Austria, Lue power Qaving taken the tnitiative im abe threats and ubmcks against Sardivia. Prussia bas aot Besitated to provounce in toat sense towards the German goveroments, Ib is true that Austria might try to odtain in tae Dit & pluratiry in favor of her policy in erder to obtain the armed concurrenee of the Confederation. Prassia bas, it seems, provided for that case. Austria, although @ member of the Diet, is, in the question in dis- pute at the same time judge and jury ; her yote would, there- fore, at firet, be tainted with partiality, As to the small Btates, they could not pretend to impose their will to Prussia, W90, 68 & great Power, bas duties to fulfil towards Europe. According to correspondence from Berlin and Frankfort, toe Prussian Cabinet has, it appears, declared in advance that it will vot allow itsel( to be bound by ‘Votes in an opposite sevse of a plurality of smali States. GHANCES OF DISUNION IN GERMANY. [Translated from the Nouveilsie, of Hamourg, for the ‘Naw York BkRALD.] The Kreuls Zeitung announces that sevoral Gorman B¥stes have eatered with Austria into special treaties which they are bound tw help Austria in all emor- cies. For all emergencies? If there is a question of a war in whion Austr 6 to lew, a8 @ State of the German Coa- federation, such special treaties are perfectly useless, for, im that case, she 13 eutitled not oaly to the holp of the States alluged to, dut of thas of the whole Confederation. ‘Those treaties cen then only refer to the fact shat Aus! Thakes War a8 @ DOD-Ger man State, and the subscribers lo those treaties put their contingents at the disposal of Aus- tris for a war in liaiy. Article 46.b of the fual act of Vienna stipulates — In cage @ federate State possessing at the same tims ter- Fitories ouside of the federal territory commeoces & war ns 8 Huropear Power, that war, which is in no connection either with the federal relations nor dulies, remains compistely foreign to the Coafeaer Thet case provided for by artisle 48 occurs now in Italy. After Aus cia, as a European Power, had, on the | 20dh, sent en ultimatum with threats of war to Piedmont, | her (roops invaded the Sardinian territory on the night of the 26h; cousequentiy the Coafedera:ion, coaformably to | its fundamental mevtutions, bas to retain foreign to the | offensive war commenced by Austria, and that which is | ‘binding for the Confederation is naturally so for each of | ita members. No felerate Stile has a right to enter, for ils (part, into @ war which 1s legally foreign to the whole; for in presence of the duty which binds the Confederation to protect eact of their members against an aggression from Outside, the right that tuose membere should possess to provoke isolatediy and f-om their own will a war, should | prevent the Confederation remaining foreign to a war of | dhat kind. | We still hope that the news given by the Krewls Zeitung | has no foundation But if 1% was confirmed, and the treaties in question should really exist, so that cheGerman | States abould bave wilfully bocod themselves to partici. | pate ina war which is foreign to the Coufederation, that {act would constitute a flagrant molation of the federal | hich should, fact, amount to the dissonition of | bould then gee in Germany anew | Coofederation spring up under the shield of | and, instead of the unity of Germany, it would be | the tearing up of fatherland that the Oabivet of Viemmaand | its confederates would proclaim. | No, we do pot yet want to believe that the signature | to such bones bas been obtained from governmenta until lately eo prodigal of assurances of their patriotism and | of their devotion to national interests, and of the Germaa tendencies of their pontics. No, we will not believe it before wecing the authenti- | cated proofs of the existence of such fatal measures, | ‘Tbers cannot be, tp Germany, etateemen so misguided as | to the comm quences of such meast They will not en- ter the supposition that the true memoers of the German Confecerstion might be forced to par- | ticipate im puch acts; and that one should o> | ceed in leading the great Europesn Power, Prusia, | against her cwn will,and by the caprice of one or sve” | ral States of second or third order, vito a war as foretgn | to her German as to her Buropeam interes. Tho rosuit wou'd undoubtedly be that Prussia, at the head of the coufecerates remaining faithful, would defend by all the | mesos in ber power tbe national unity of Germany | dbreatened by its oggrossors, Let Austria consider wuat | abe would do if the German question should arise at the | same tume with the Italian question. THR MERCHANT SHIPS OF GERMANY. In a Hamburg letter, dated Friday last, we read:—In the possibility of the armics of Germany being called | wpoe, sooner or later, to take an active part in the war | against France, our Senate has deemed it prudent to beg, tbrovgh our Mmister at London, che English government | to take under ite protection the ‘uumerous merchant ves- | sels which sail on every sea with the Mag of the three ports and free Hanseatic cities. The official reply bas not | ‘been jong coming. Lord Malmesbury has informed our | Senate that if the Germanic Centederation should, by the | zurn of events, be brought into a war against France, Engiand would’ not be able by any international treaty to | lake wader the protection of her deets the merchant ves- | Seis of the German States forming part of the Confedera. | tion. This regojation of the Fngiisn government, woich became known two-day at our Bourse, has caused a pro. sound eeusation amongst the shipowners. POSITION OF PRUSSIA. [Trenalated from the Ni wette of Progsia for the New Yous HERALD. | } it is much to be desire! that none of the German States | Should feet disposed im this circumstance to take the | initiative and make proposals to the Diet, which Prussia ‘would then have to accept or refuse. Were Austria not directly engaged in the war, the two great Powers would, | in common, as it almost always bas been the cage, make | abe neceeaary proposals. Bat it belongs to Prussia to ‘make them, and it would be to be deplored if another | State would propose to the Federal Diet military measures _ goiug beyond the preparations to war (Kricgsbereiichaft) | niready decreed by the federai contingents. We do not in any way discues the question to know if Buch racagures are neceassry or not for the moment; we have no advice to give in the matter; but we desire fhow- ever, that nowhere in Germany it should be forgotten that it is On Prussia that the greatest part of action will rest if | & war occurs, art consequently nobody can require from us that that great Power be gnided by @ plurality tn’ such an inporiart question. 1% is matter in which one Bas to be very. sober in words; but in order that everybody ») should “know our opinions about it, we proclaim here in ihe clearest manner vat as to her military power and the measures to Le Taken in case of war, Pruss rn and ought not to take any other advice than her Proseia bas already pat imposing foros on ioot, andthe financial resources put at tae guverament’s disposal by the Chambers with the greatest eagerness eaabie it to ‘de ready for any emergency. We desire and hope that the Pruseian government will use its forces for the ener- Beticai defence of the German fatherland; bat we still re- peat that 1 no case will it consent to abdicate its liberty ©f action as to the resolations to be taken. {Transiated from the Publicist of Berlin for the New Yor« ‘Ayratp.} Austria thought that it was her interest to go to war; she went into it while Prussia aad Eagiand were engaged in new proj of conciliation. It ia ati! that came sullen policy which provoked 90 much Jn 1834. Then, we insist upon it, Prassia was induced wo Bign the well known additional article to tae Austro Prussian treaty of the 20th of April, 1854. na, article Austria was entitled to che federal help of Sia ia the evevt of the Austrian troops being attacked in Lig Danubian Prinowpalities. In the speech from the throne of November 30, 1854, “the drin unio. of Austria on the 9th of Dxcember ahe federal Diet, on the proposition of Prussia, ac- weded to the additional article of the 26th of Her, apd on tas 10th of December Count Buol notified at Berlin already signed at Vienna onthe 21 of December, be- dween Austria, France anc England, and kept entirely secre. The Prussian government was’ then taken more by rurprtee by that diplomatic trick than tu 15 now by the sum: mons of the 19h of April. But that ié not all: Count Bool published on the 14th of January, 1855, the famous secret despatch wo the charges d’allaires of Austria in Germany, inviting the German , dita time also wichout tive Knowledge of Prussia, to put thetr contingents under the superior orders Of the Emperor of Austria, with the assurance of a share im the benefits to be vitained. ; ‘Thus ie owy four years ago, and now they give us alrea Gy a new edition of that policy. Shai we remain biind’ BAVARIA. Weimar, May 0, 1859. The Diet kas voted a credit of one million of tbalers, and ‘An additional eventual imposition of 3 pfenaings per thaler ‘to the revenue tax of the 1st and 2d clase, for the extra- Ordinary war measures. AUSTRIA. Vimwxa, May 6, 1859. The troops concentrated into Bobemia, which for the | elem | one punishment—that of death. oveasy at ber sileaoe, and now they do not seem to be secure by her dectarations. Ruesia, says the Ostdeulsche Poit, piuys again her traditional réle—thas to appear 4s a threatening ghost at the bottom of the political theatre. Jt may be understood that the troubled conscience of the Ausirian organ sees ghosws arising everywhere; but, a: least, when one wishes. to establish their’ pre- sence, one has to render it probable te the eyes of those who, not being agitated by the same remorses, do pot feel similar haliucinations, We want to help the Ostdeutsche Post in its trouble to interpret the conduct of Rugsia ia the question which Austria attempts now to de- cide by the canuou. The following remarsable correspou- dence from St. Petersburg answers in advance the uacer- taipty of the Austrian presé:— 1k is allowed to inquire in what direction the activity of Russia will be app'ied when the moment arrives. Iu pre- sence of the imponetrable secrecy which veils her iuten- tions, let us mention a word from Prince Gortscaakolf, which «bas already quoted several =tmee:— “ We do not follow cithor # policy of spite or 4 policy of obiivion,”” It is possible that these words have been re membered at Viewoa, and that they bave found in thom an iniucement not Wo pay any attention to the wishes of Europe. An entirely passive attitude cannot salisfy Russia; gad even if she was mot to take part in the struggle, wo would desire that, not satisied with remembering, she id not cease to forget. She may perhurs still have to speak im tones of conci- liation; im ail cages ove point is certain, that if Rusa cither invites Enrope to & peaceful solution of the preseat diflerences, or throws her sword in the baiauce, it will always be for we triumph of right and truth. FRANCE ON THE RHINE. ‘The Paris Aloniteur states that noching is le@s correct than the belief im Germany tha the Freach government s about to collect an army on the Rhine, simply because Marshal Felissier bas received the title of Commandant of the Army of Observation, The title has beea given to | show tBat if the Freach fioatiers wre menaced, all the garrisoné iu ‘be east will form an army under the com. mand of the Marshal. {Transl inkfort for the New * Napoleon IU. wants lly; that fact can no longer be doubted. he wants the frontier of the Ruine; he waats the Netherlands; he wants Belgium; he wants’ to restore the Rbenish Confederation, establish a new graad duchy of Derg, and s new kingdom of Westphalia. No one but a biind man would fail to aee it. All the’ articles of the Moniteur speaking of poace are | meré lies thrown to the wind. All the Congresses have for their sole object a gain of time in order to arm more completely; for Napoleon III, and his aolytes had reckoned without the magnanimous spirit of Germany. | They thought to be able to coax it by honeyed arguments, circumscribe the war im Italy, upsets first the Austrian power there, and asgail the others afterwards. Tuis being once obtained, they would have abolished the trea- ies of 1815, which would have brought Napoleon II. to the highest pitch of power. But a Bonaparte proposes, and the God of armies disposes. The Nord of Brussels adds:—Yes, the God of armies is going to dispose, and it will undoubtedly uot be in favor of @ Power counting such publications among iw war ma- chineries, THE OPPOSING ARMIES. THR BRUTAL AND BLOODY PROCLAMATION BY GEN, GYULA. The folio bas been published as the text of a pro- n addresaed by General Gyulai to the inhabitants of Piwcenza:— A Provost Marshal's court is organized, and only applies Ibe following are cousi- cered crimes nevrring that penalty: — 1. High tresson, or apy act tending to forcibly change the system of the empire of Austria aad of the duchies, or to stiract or increage any danger from abroad against the a Staves. 2. The corcealment of arms or ammunition of any kind. ‘The public are particularly reminded that the punistment 0; desth w ved On any one, whatever his condi- tion may b duct tay have been, who sball be found 1m posseasion of aime or BtumULItON, eitber on his own person or in his bouse, or im any place to which he may be supposed to bave access, 8. Takin armed. 4. [legal entietment, acting as spy, seducing soldiers, whotber they belong to the Austrians or allied troops, and generally all that may occasion diadvantage vo we Aus. trans aid advantage to the enemyi 5. Armed resistance or any aggroesion against sentinels or patrols, and the slightest Violence against any Austrian or allied soldier. A warning is also given that the senti- nels and patrols wil not only bave a right, but are order- ed, to uve their arms against any oae who shall not yield ai the jirst summons. [From the Paris Siecle, May 10.j * + * part in aseemblages, whether armed or un- ¢ tion, but geveral journals published it, though declining to vouch for its authenticity. It ts the {first occasion after along lapseof time, that a General habitants with death, and that courts of provost marshals make ready to do execution on any citizens even who may hap- pen to join some unarmed ye, on such even as | may be suspectea of having arms or amunition in some | spot to which they may be euspected of having access. | is is the first time that the idea bas ever been conceived of dragging before a court maartial the keepers of coffee shops or of eating houses for not closing at the hours speci- tiea by the regulations of the police. Parbarous proceedings like these are Austria’s condem- nation ; it ig the commencement of the grinding tyranny imposed by her on Lombardo-Venetia and the Duchios. ‘When we read documents of this stamp, when we comp | them with authentic documents proving that the Austrians have flogged women, we understand why the Austrian rule will be impostibie in Italy for the future. They must be expelled from this sacred land of art, freedom and civ- | ilization. By General Gyulai’s proclamation Austria puts herself out of the pale of law. Shealienates the sympathy of stateamen who had blindly favorea her cause, the English tories, the petty German princes (From the Paris Pays, May 10.) * * * * * The conduct of the Austrian troops on the Piedmontese territory excites deserved indignation. Ia Furope one bad no longer ap idea of such warfare; there was a tracition of st only, but the Croats are renewing the ex- ploite of the Pancours. Pillage, robbery, rape, buru- ings—there is uo sort of outlawed villaay they have not committed. What a difference from the scene presented by the Ruseiane and French in the Crimean war, where the ofli- vers exchanged bottles of champagne, whilst the soldiers gave cach otber bread and brandy. Tey fought with courage, but felt mutual respect, because the same genti- ments of bonor and humanity obtained oa either side. ‘The Avgtrian troops appear to have been brought up in | auother echool; far from alleviating the miseries uf war, they delight in “aggravating them, anil already the Pie” maonice government has found wserf olleged to lay an em bargo cn Austrian vessels.” Thus excosses elicit reprisals, | the entire responeibility reste upon the head of tne provoker: The fo\owing fact, taken from a thousand of such, will roy vrough patriotisia of the Piedmontese in this cot which the barbariem of the aasaileww will be a 8 collision with tue courage and self- enia! the defenders of the italian jade. pender« the province of Vercelli the Aus- wr the brother ot M. Noe, the Di- rector i the whole country cam ve laid under water. “If yo wish to save your brother’s life,” said a letter to M.S “stop the inundation.” By way of answer, the mtrepid and patriotic official ordered his men to discharge twice the quantity of water already given off from tne flood. getes, co that whole detachments of Austrians tound them. selves up to their breasts in water. The letter from which we obtain this information does not say whether the Aus- trians dared to pet their-threat in execution on discover- ing the energetic resolution of M. Nos. (From the Paris Proese, May 10.) . ® * * If thia document be genuine, the world will have to ac cuse General Gyulal uo longer of severity, nor even of cruelty, tut of mnariness. (From the Paris Constitutionel, May 12. ) * * * * We de not guarantee the perfect exactitude of the text which has beca transmitted to us. But the enactments of the Austrian Penal Code are in perfect accord with the spirit of this document. As to the mode of gxecution, it js kpown that Austria, when ghe applies @ rigorous law, iB sccuswmed to exceed its enactments—even thore which ure the most Draconian. Of what are not capable thore who whip women in public places? What must not be expected fromm the government which condemns to an infamous penalty the illustrious Count Bathyani, tne glory of Hungary, the martyr of the purest and most upright patriotism’ most part are componed of Italian regiments, have already | posrrioN OF THA FRENCH AND SARDINIAN DIVISION. commenoed their march towaras the federal fortresses, by | ‘way of Chemnitz, Leipsic and Dresden. The troops arriv- Sng from Hungary and part of tho first army, ow con. | oentrating in Upper Austria, and in the hood of Saizburg. The headquarters of Archduk t, chief | commander of the army of the Rhine, will. the time Deing, be at Braunau, on the lon. [tts alay towards that piace Uist the corps of volunteers are sent. DUCHY OF NASBAU. Wimsnapex, May 7,859. | The departure of Prince Nicolas of Nac au tor tee } ‘Austzion army of Italy has been delayed for Dut will ly take place on Saturday Prince has, anti now, presided over the Diet, w: has already opened @ new field to the men o} today’s sitting of the coramitteo of the ii the Prince has taken Jeave of the Nassau Save thusiaatic speech, of which the folowing mance:— A fow words of adieu im sepmrating from you. Ina few days I will leave to enter the Austrian army. 1 con- wider ita duty for every independent German to contr. bute now te the defence of the fatheriand; for if there is fighting on the Po, the Vistula or the Rhine, It is alweya for our German fatherland. The Nassau Chambers were te Grst to make a national manifestation; and it bas feud © deep couo in the whole country, while on tuo In | the ub- | with care the progress | been introduced into the military eystems of France and {Turin (Msy 7) correepondence of the London New Ihave been able to visit Alessandria, where, since the 2d of May, the Quartier General of the King has been es- tablished amidst thousands of bis breve soldiers, Sar- dinia—which by her geographical position is placed be tween two great military Powert—bas evidently watched and improvements which have Austria, and has admirably adopted their experiments in these matters to her own advantage. As a consequence of this care, the Piedmontese army never loc more {it for battle than it did this morning suder (ie glorious | Ttolian sun which poured the fluehes of its light over their camp. Under the good escort of a distinguished | cavalry officer Iwalked throvgh their lines and wat into their the good spirit erful- The greatest harmony | exixts nd Weir alliee, aud I have seen more th: p of (se fawous Bersaglier: drinking at the sain» table with Zouxves and Turcos, mingling te holes @f tae Gironding’ cong with the well known air, uohé Italia non @ nostra.’ Following the advice o toy intelligent guide, I rode as far as Vulenza, ® hilly vil lage where the reserve is posved, under the command of General Casteiborge, This reserve, which by an easy road may equally march to the support of French or Sar- Ciniane, is formed by the brigades of Savoy, and by two regitncats of the Grapatieri Guardic, Gendral Cialdiai’s . or however itreproachable bis previous con. | We could hardly believe in General Gyulai’s prociama. | threatens peaceable in- | starina Reservoirs, by meane of which | NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, division, which consists of the Savona and Regiea bri pxdie, ent of the 3,000 Caccintort det!’ Alpi, uncer the orders of Garibald\, is posted on a live woioh raas from Caraie, cw the Po, Frassinetta, fhe defence af the Joo poluded in Has line Nas Deen entrusted to ine Vu8 Hatiag Gueriilero. {Mo fortrees of Alosea which Ras Geoeral Gisnotti, ay oid SMOIer Of bho Brot Prapire, Lor tuOrdinary Comm. Ont, 6 DOW OCoUpied Several Paos, to whom the commane of the Piemonte ad Acsta brigades tins beou ag 6. General C 1, & Cistinguished Modenvee of: Licer, is Wotebing With the $wo brigades of Casale and Pie- monte the b: Jo of Navi, in Grder to keep au eye an the move toe corwy if be dared w move from Lorian an pine /ved from Alessandria te Geova, Jurando, the former commander ih eaiet of the division of Geboa, WhO. ag you aro aware, loft this town on the 28rd 04 April last, bas been sont to Casale, where he stills, wita the Cuneo sud Acqui brigades. A glance at the map will how vou bow the PieCmontede positions, which T have jest ocseribed, bave Leon wisely #d properly chosen with the object of checking apy movvaents which the Austrians might make ou that quarter, which, according w thy beet miitary authorities, is the most important of the present campaign, Tecue now tun to the Freoch army, which occuptes Novi, Bobbio, Alcesendria, Valeoza, and the line of the Dora, At the extreme left of their line General Niel, with bis corps da inée, is Low posted ou the line of tae Dora Baitea, keeping tus eyes om Turin, im order to cover it if throatened by tho Austrians, ®bo yesterday evening wera marcbug by Tronzano towards Iview, Marshal Paraguay ¢ Hiljers’ divisions extend themselves from Arquata to Novi, while Canrobert is realy to hasten from alessan- dria to the right or the left, according to circumstances, Generel M’Mahou, who four days ago was posted at Casei- ua Doria, bas been sent with tis division to Valenza, with the object of strengthening that lide, alreasy oocupied by General Cialdini, “According to my inform sion, which I bave reason to believe perfectly correct, she Austrians, who since this morning have stopped their march on all the line, except at the extreme rigbt towards ivrea, are now Ce posted at Tortona, Gerols, Pontcurone, Chiesa della Croce, Case, Sule, Medo, Mor sara, Verceit sd Tropzano, From this last place to Tor- sone their line is, therefore, of the length of sixty miles at least. After the attempt made by the Austrians to crows tho Po at Froeeinetto and Vatenza on the 8d and 4th inst., Mentioned positions gullaatiy defended by the Piedmontese Seventeenth regi- ment of the lune, Eighth battalion Bersagliert, First, Seventeenth and Eighteentn batteries. Colonel’ Bazoli, Major Volpeiand:, Captains Sovrero, Do and Roberti, ais- Ueguibbed themselves very much in this action, in which the Austrians lost more than 800 men, whitst the loss of tbo'r adversaries has been seventeen men hors de combat. ‘Thi morving General La Marmora is gone to inspect the lines of the Dora, which yesterday acemed menaced by an Austritn division, Since I began my leiter vews reached the camp thai the Austrians had abandoned Trino aod Pobietto, retiring tu Vercelli, where they are entrenching themselves, erecting a tite dé pont on the railroad waich before the war ran from Turin to Novara. according to this statement, which I have no doubt ts fully correct, the Austriacs baveé fallen back along the eatire length of tbeir ifpe in a manner which shows that a change bas taken place in their earlier intentions. TAR PRENCH TROOPS IN ITALY. ‘The French force now in Pic ‘mont is very large. Up te Friday, the 6ib of May, 81,000 mien from France aad Algeria. were convey 4 by (he imperial navy; 14,000 by the Messag 8,000 by the Marte Swuart Wansport, hired for the occasion; and from 20,000 to 21,000 by’land. A despatch received the day before yes- tervay fixed the total pumier there at 140,000. The cCmontese count $0,000 regular troops and 27,000 volan. teers, From this total one fourth is, L believe, tho usual average deducted for contingencies or casualties. This is applicable w both sides, and even then a formidable num- ber still remains for mutual slaughter in the circumscribed Daitle fleid in the plains of Piecmont, and oa watch Aus- trian and French bishops are commanded to invoke the Divine blessing. Tt is skid that the cavalry of the French is not yet complete, and that s good deal remains to be | Cone concerning the balls for the rifled cannon. Taere are, or iately were, 10,000,000 cartridges in the arsenal! of Genoa. The Paris Constitutionnel gives the following address by General Forey to bis diviai Sotpmss oF tax Firet Division or THe First Corrs—We ehail find ourseives to-morrow in the tirst line, and it is probable that we shall bave the bouor of irst engaging the enemy. Remember that your fathers have always beaten | that enemy, and you will do the same. | Gavi, May 6. FOREY, Geoeral of Division. | The place from which the foregoing is cated is a shi cistance from Novi, on the road from Genoa. | RRITISH OPINION OF NAPOLEON'S GENE- RALSHIP. [From tho Loncon Times, May 14.) Jn ancient Rome generals who bad’ finished a successful war rode iy triumph aleng the Sacred Way to the Capitol; | Dot it bas bem lett to the present inheritor of those great traditions to march slong the Sucred Way to tue field of | battle, and to triumph before he has ever fought. Perbaps, if | Louis Napoleon Bonaparte had been bred a practical eoldior | sod bad served with armies in the ficid before he came to | toke tne command of one at fifty years of age, he would have | unitated Me anctent Roman wm hiss two qualities of ‘modesty | and of respect for the enemy. Bot the proclamation of the French Emperor breathes only the recollections of the | first Bonapartist empire. That the present French troaps of the republican warriors, whom the iinet Napoleon's dieiptine imade so terrible to Aus- ; that, on the other haud, the Austrians them- | eeives are the slow pedantic nce who fell an easy ‘vicban to the great man—that everything will happen ac. | cording to the precedents of 1796 and 1800, 1x presupposed se certain in the Imperial proclamation.’ Sach a docu. ment is, of course, not to be judged as if it were a political manifesto, It ts published \o inspire courage in followers sad to strike terror into enemies, and therefore a tone | ef conficence, and evea of preeumption, may be fairly ex- cured. Dut it certainly seems that the expectation of the | French reepecting their speedy success is real, and that | the Emperor in his address only echoes the voice both of bisarmy and people. The French have won 80 many victories over the Austrians ov the fields of Italy, and they | lave so completely forgotten the reverses eh they oc- | casienally suffered, that Paris, France and the camp fully believe that tbe enemy is to be swept cempletely out of | Tialy in the first campsign, and that if Germany waits for the'next three months before assisting the Ausirian army there will no longer bean Austrian army to assist. | There can be no doubt that this confidence has its effect | on Europe, and perhaps on the enemy. It is the*privilege of France to have completely the ear of other nations, and to be able to reprecent events pretty much at her pleasure. It is only the educated—thoee who may be almost called his. torical studente—who know anything about the unsuccessful campaigns of France with any wher country than their oum. The treaties of 1815 had been signed, and the world had | begun to gatber its materials for a history of the great war betore continental nations knew much about the capitula- | Gonos Alexandria, or the Lattle of Trafalgar, or even of | the Peninsular campaigns. The brilliant victories of the | Austrians and Russians in 1799 remain entirely obscured | ly the splendor of Rivoli and Marengo; nor has Aspern left | much impression on thase who remember incident of | Wagram. ‘this reputation of the French ‘arms 18, no doubt, justly earned, for it is at once the | tribute cue to the valor ana the civilization of | the people. And it would be of little danger to Europe, oid it not unfortunately blind the French them- | solves to the difficulties of war. From infancy the | Freuchman is nourished in ideas of the martial euperiori- ty of bis race. From the histories given to the young, bational vanity bas eliminated every passage which could tell a tale adverse to the national glory. The battles by sea ond land with England are paesed over almost witheat botice, as tt would be difficult to wrest them into @ narra- tive gratifying to patriotic feeling; while the eampaigas Sgainst tbe continental monarcheis, and especially Austria, | sre related ata length which leaves little room for any. thing done in France previous to 1792, or for the political | events which baye happened since 1815. France, then, end her Emperor enter upon this war with a conlidence which may bring sucess, Out which may posvibly lead to eventual disaster. It ig not our business to be the | Prophet, of evil to either party, yet we may warn the | chief who speaks in so lofty a tone of the victories of ; big predecessor, tbat rope js much changed from | the days when a general could overrun a province | jaa few weeke, beat army afver army, and dictate a peace to bis beaten foe. War is now on’a more gigantic scale; to take the offensive requires larger calculations, a | more'subtle and reflective genius, greater resources, and | a greater superiority over the enemy than heretofore, We | have been alwaye among the firet to acknowledge tho bigh qualities of the French soldier; some of tne Em- | feror’s troops, such as the Garde Imperiale and the Zovaves, are probably a3 fine. troops ag any oxiating in the world, and he must be a very bigoted reader of bis- tory who will doubt the genera! superierity of the French, with their unity, their nationality, their excellont organi- zation, and their constitutional quickness aod alertness, to the motley armies which a Hees ora Gyulai command, But we would wish to guard our countrymen, ever roady to be led away by such ¢ocumenis az the manifesto | and address “of “Louis Napoleon, from speculat- | ing on the speedy issug of the campaign, We bfve observed a tendency within the Inst few days to fancy that everything is over, and that the war, confined to narrow limits, will be decided by a buttle under the walig of Milan. The credulity of the city and that of the Weat End are in these things about on, ayer, and excessive ic one week is balanced by ex- vessive complacency the next. The intelligence, however, which reaches us from Central Burope indicates a stubborn. nes om the partof Austria not likely to end in a second Campo For mio, while the attitude of the othar German States is such that eather u French victory or a French reverse might be the signal for an interference in the quarrel If the French kmperor carries through his plans, obtains at once the neutrality of Germany and the belp of the Ivalian peo- ple, wins vietories in the field auch as to chake the courage of the hovtile army, and captaros- fortresses 90 easily as to terrify the Viennese government, which has depended on them, be will mdéed ata the ‘laurels of war to the crown which comroemorates his civic triumphs. But, though we think bis chances of success are fair and truat- worthy, yet war is too dangerous a game to be commenced by auovice in the etyle to which the great Napoleon proved his right by a constellation of victories. In strong contrast to the lofty tone of the belligerent Fmperor, is the proclamatipn of her Majasty our own Queen, declaring the neutrality of the British empire. Although couched in the formal language which has pro- bebly more than once done duty ona similar , the proclamation speaks in impressive accents to England and the world. It says that this country is disposed to give no kelp cither to the deopotiem which aifects philan- tbropy or that which takee ite stand on cold legality. AUL | the three States which are engaged in this war are wihout donit Uringing misery on themselva by their unscrugulous amiticn or unreasoming obstinacy. France, even if present- ly vieworious, must pay the penalty in in*reagea burdens, «stricter militery ruje, and the final destruction of every tendency which oould lead her back to the forms of free political life. Austria can gain nothing, and, should she even retain what she now holds, it will beat a cost of bicod and treasure wich a generation cannot replace. As for Sardinia, tae instrument of the one and the intended vietim of the other, we can see clearly only one thing— that the shortlived comstitution which attracts the sympathies ¥ rember bg hg metamen , t0 be replaced 4 irttet type. Ae for the freedom of Italy, the professed object of this crusade, we can afford to stand aloof and allow it to be accomplished by other hands. We have done our part in the liberation of . The ‘fond ally which bigeds for all” has too often Bei in vain’’ for Englishmen to be enthusiastic in this matter. If the Italians can be made happy we shall rejoice at it, und be content to give to France all the giory of the deed. MAY 27, 1859.—TRIPLE . SHERT.” In the meactime the people of this country will do as Weir Sovereign bide thers, and Keep out of @ contest be- guv ip duplicity and violence, and of which the end 1s bidden yn darkness. le Paris, Turis or Vienva our coun- Wy wen will abstain from auythiog which may be con BiTUCd IDLO ACLiVe PArMescRaip WILO the beligeren's, BO soldier abuli BO calisted, 10 Veet Biwed Out im taose is ands, Lor We orpoges of either, and te Dieckades eo tabiished by avy one over the ports of another will be respected accordipg to the rules of internauovel law. By a strict adherence to this polloy we sball be placed ia a poolton so ok with calmaese oa tue drama which ls Row Ou the point of opening. THE PEPLING IN NAPLES, FNERGY OF THK KING FOR AUSTRIA—SPREAD OF LIBLKAL NEWS—AN ALARM FROM PAGISMILITARY DRILLS AND REORUITING. [Nuples (May 6) correspondence of Loudon Nows } Tt would be diflicwt ( vay which eeutinent prevailed most ip Naples—eutbusiast c joy ai the commeucement of the War, or deep and wolversal regret at being voable in aby Way to assict in the solution of the great {salian quos on. Forming one-third of Italy, not ontorally indisposed: to arms, apimated by @ strong sentiment for the inJepen- depce abd nationality of the common country, the govera- ment af the BumDe time, by its severe repression and pro- bibition, gives the impression that Naples might be a por- tion of Todia rather than of Itaiy. Jt ia remarkable that, ‘hough brovght down to the very gates of death, King Ferdmnend IL still exsts 68 & symbol sufficient to sustain @eystem of the most stupid repression, Court adulation always usserts that his Majesty's peaith improves, not- withstanc ing Ubat even tye oficial bulletins give little rcom for hope. The truth is, that he is get- ting hourly worse, and on Sunday afternoon was cousi- dered in most imminent danger, He sees scarcely any ope, und remsing in the most profound letuargy aad prostration of strength, Fever, pain, cough, nervous atiacks apa fuinting fits give occasion to fear bis death frem one hour to anotner; aud bis physicians are more Surprised than others that he atillbreathes. Of the here- ditary prince I have little or potaing to say, except that he continues bw usual reserve, and retires from public affairs, presiding only at the Council of Statefor matters purely admipistrative. Her Majesty and General Martini, the Austrian Minister, appear to direct the policy of the counwy, aod every effort is made to keep all int ence of the war (rom peactrat- ing into the country. As it happens, however, the people are better supplied than the government, aod are ac- quainted with the details of what happens even earlier than their rulers. Of course unceasing attempts are made to support the government securities, and a thou. rand absurdities are invented with this view; whilst the councils of the adm‘nistration of military bodies bave been compelled to enter thoir fuads in the “Gran Livro.’? There is at the same time, oa tne part of many of the royalists, an affectauon of indifference to what is passing on the Ticino or we Po, as if those events concerned them not wfig. Such {5 the moue in which these people keep up the appearance of neutrality, There is one man at jeast, however, counected with the royal faraily, who labors under no delusion as to the ac- twal position of affairs, and thet man is the Count of Syra- cuse. In every possible way he bas made kuown to the country what bis inclinations are; that they are both na- tional aac liberal; but what influence eill he exercise over the mini of the young prince, and will he be in time to show & spontaneous Change of policy’ Such is the spirit of the Italians that no trifling, po delay will be permitted pow, and that which wouid have been accepted with gra- tide to-day will be rejected with scorn to morrow. Tbere are some speculators in politica! events, who, in the hope of advancing thetr fortuves, run through the country crying out in favor of the hereditary priace; but the peo: ple are custrustful aud very reserved in the expression of their sentiments. Of one thing I can entertain no doubt, and that is, thet the new King, immediately on bis accession to the throne, must embrace aa Italian policy, and give liberal institutions. With regard to the orniy, it is said to be animated very generally by a strong deeire to distinguish itself jn supporting the Italian cause. ‘Tbe Swiss will be a great difficulty here, and a tremendous instrument in the hands of a sovereign bent on opposing the wiehes of the people. If they are not belied, they are said to threaten the citizens, and to ve ready to repeat the barbarities of the 15th May, 1648. I © heard it stated, however, that the officers uot belonging to the German captons.are apimated rathor by @ French spirit. On Wednesday, 27th, a telegraphic despatch, conceived in the following terms, wus circulated tarough the city, and produced an immense sensation :—“Too Ducaees of Berry to her Majesty the Queen of Napics. A telegraphic despatch has been received from Paris:—‘Project aguingt Naples.—Fiorence, 26th, 6 P. M.’” Chia inteliigence produced great exciiement in the city, and the royal princes immediately rushed over to Caserta. Iam as- sured that all form and ceremony were neglected, and that the despatch was communicated to the King higseif, A council of ministers was called, at which was present the Prefect of Police, a8 also ® council of generals, The patrol and the guards ot gendarmerie were doubled. On Friday three Swiss regiments aod the Eleventh of the line, fully prepared ae for a marci, made w short ex- pecition, with tbe gore onject of ew king terror into the city. A’ report prevails that tho Third and Fourth regi- ments of the line, a Swiss regiment, a bsttelion of chas- seuts, a regiraent of hussars, two regimens of dragoons, and another regiment, with tweoty pieces of actillery, will be despatched wo the confines of the Abruzzi Such 1s the report in military cireles. Iftrue, it must be with a view to giving assietaace to Ausiria. be military cniefs, in a conference which thoy have had with the “hereditary Prince, aave received orders to make every effort to increase the number of recraita, and to gecusiom them, as «con as possible, to carry their knapeecks and jearn the use of the musket. Already the number of copecripts is enormous, The E’eventh regi- mentof the bne alone bas 1,2000f them. Taree levies bave been made coptemporaneously. Even the ambu- junce bas been arranged, Whiist military preparations on this extensive scale have been mae, a “noveua’’ bas been ordered in ail the churches in honor of St. Janua- ius, Who has the rank and pay of @ Licutenaut General. THE ENCYLICAL LETTER OF THE POPE. Te our venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates, ate ined Bishops, and other priests in communion with the Holy See. Plus IX., Pope. Venerable Brethren apostolic heath and benediction :-— In celebrating with the effusion of joy, in these holy éays. and in the whole world, the eolemn anniversary of the pascal mystery, our boly mother the Church remem- bers—as in the memory of all the fuithful—the consoling words of that happy peace which the only Son of G Our Lord Jesus Christ, resuscitated, after having conquer- ed death and destroyed the tyranny of the devil, has 80 often and with so much love announced to his disciples; and now, at the same time, the sinister cry of war rises smong the Catholic nations and resounds to all ears. Rolding on earth, notwithstanding oar unworthiness, the place of Him who, coming from the bosom of the Im: macuiate Virgin, by the voice of ‘his angels announced “ peace to men of good will,” who, rising from the dead snd secending to heaven, to sit at the right band of the Father, left peace to his disciples; and induced by the Particular and fatherly sentiments of our love and our solicit Principally towards the Catholic nations, we cannot refrain from always preaching peace, and appiying ourselves with ali the strength of our mind to inculcate Ww all the very words of our atvine Saviour, #0 often re- peated: Paz vobis! Paz vobis!! It is with those words of peace that we lovingly address you, venerable brethren, who are called to spare our solicitude, so that, in your piety, you suould excite by your zeal and efforts the faith- ful entrusted to your vigilance, to address thelr prayors to the Almighty God, that He might give to all His people that peace go much desired. Ta accordance with our pastoral duty, we have already orcercd that in all our Pontifical States public prayers bould be addressed to the most clement Father of Mercy. But, following the example of ovr predecessors, we bave moreover resolved to have recourse to your prayers, aad thoee of the whole church. It is tor thta, therefore, vene- rable brethren, that we ask you by this letter to order—as #000 a8 possibld, accordiog to inspirations of your zeal for religion—public prayers in your diovesses, s0 that the faithsul entrusted to your cure, after having implored the help of the all: powerful interceseions of the very holy and immscolnte Virgin Mary, Mother of God, should pray with ardor, and bescech the ‘Almighty, whose mercy ig inex: bavstibie, to deign, by the ‘merits of his only Son, our Lord Jeeos ‘Christ, 10 avert from ws His anger, put an end to wars in the whole world, enlighten with the rays of his divine grace the mruds of men, fill toeir hearta with tne love of Christian peace, and by His sovereign virtue; eo that, being all esta- bhehed and rooted in faith and charity, applying them- selves to practice bis holy command, demanding with a truly penitent and humble heart the forgivenoss of their £ins, avoiding evil and doing good, they might follow in all points the path of justice, be penetrated with perma nent charity for one another, and thus obtain the benefit of @ peace fertile in fruits of salvation towards God, them. selves and all men. We do not doubt at ell, venerable brothren, that tho feeling which you have for ustand the apostellc Sce will lead you to answer with zealto the desires and wishes which we have just expressed. But in order that the faithful should pray with more ardor and more fruit, we will open the treasury-of heavenly graces, with the dispea- sation of which the Almighty has entrusted us; and pour their riches upon them. Therefore we grant thom, in the customary form, an in dhilgence of three hundred days, which they will gain every time that they are present at those prayers, and when there shall deveutly pray. Moreover, during the time tbat thoge same prayers shall last, we grant them a plenary indulgence, tobe won once cach month on the day when, purified by the eacrament of penance and strength ened by the most holy Eucharist, they sball religiously vieit gome church and address prayers in the same spirit to God. It is sweet to us, venerable brethren, to seize upon this occasion to express to you again, and to confirm the feol- ings of benevolence which we feel for ail of you. Re- ceive, a8 a token of our esteem, the apostolic benediction which we give you with love from the bottom of our he: to yourselves, venerable brethren, ana to ail toe faithful clergymen and luymen eutrusted to your care. Given at Rome, near St. Peter’s,on the 27th of Aj il, 1859, and tho thirteenth of our pontificate NEUTRALITY OF THE PAPAT STATES. The nevtrality of the Papal government had been for- mally announced to the/Austrian and French governments, ‘and formally accepted. A despatch from Rome says that orders had been sent to the Pope’s Nuncio to leave Florence. ' APPEAL FROM ANCONA TO THE POPE AGAINST AUSTRIA, The following is a copy of the protest forwarded to the Pope by the municipatity of Aucona: loLy Farmr—The magistracy of the commune of An- con, prostrawed at your Holiness’ feet (literally, prow trated at the kiss of the feet of your Holiness), prays yor sanctity to givea favorable hearing to {ts mout respectful prayer, The Austrian military, already more numerous than its garrison is wont to be among us, 18 now increas. ing in too great a proportion to the narrow means of m: commodation in the city, to whose incroaging population your ganetity was lately pleased to grant the extension of the circle of the city walls to a largo limit, from their o cupation of private buildings, of ostablishmenta of indus try, and even the pious optablishments destined w the education of the children of the people. The magistracy does mot even dare to doubt that the consequent indemnity and the very expense of lodging these new comers, by no means called hither by the exl- gencies of the State, or by the more than ever peaceable and Dlamelese attitace of the town, will fall in some mea- sure on the municipal admiuirtration, already reduced by military expenditure to a deplorable extremity, aad wich cannot romain Commiied dueply W such & squandering of Le interests, to the rendering idle so many arms sud~ denly snatched (rom ibe exerciay of their iadustry, to the Ceprivation of that vitai poursnment of the soul, whica instruction ia, to which three huncred poor boys are condemned. Nor ia this enough. The Austrian troops act hero with efiroptery ~ Dave put the place and the surrounitiug coun. iry in a state of wartike defencs—with further diwardse to private property —with lonaes resuiting in consegnenre to our agricuitare And while these wurlike proparations terrify our citizeng-—who xs how and why thoy should bave to fight the bates of abother ina Thad subject to ibe comiwion of the Kivg of Peace—toe report of wuich with cread burryivg teem into the neighboring provinces, ivce AUCOLA Of every FesOnrce of intarDal commerce ume when the bas the greater need of it, from the cen of foreign trade, ebakea as itis by the oscillations of European pautics. m For these ovile, std for groater;still, which the probable evento awarigives us good reason vo jresage— which such preparations took torwars to, sud msy even possibly pro- voke—the maxistracy of Ancooa has felt it its duty humbly tolay at tbe foot of your Holiness’ throue this expiaaation of the condition of the town, which Ca yg gt hat such evils may be prevently reaedied provided, einet for the future, ‘With which hope, which an experience dear to it in- spires, it aits from the lips of the father reassuring words—from tbe sovere'ga ettectual protection, ‘ANCONA, April 16, 1859. THE TRI-COLOR AT PISA. [Pisa (May 6) correspoudence of Londou News.) When the id Duke left Florence great was tne joy of the Tuscana; and down by the next train from every city came iwmense banners, which were erected upon bridge, church or tower, according to choice. Here in Piga, tho tri-color is boisted in the middle of the britge, and every one goes ubont with tri-colors all over them. The Pisups actually woke up—poor people !—when the | news arrived that the flag was coming down, They wait- ed, and waited on the burning bri¢ge—‘n the flaming wun, with many faise alarms and much paticnce, till oa the arid railway they eaw the train streaming down with the greet tri-color flag waving in the wind. {hea they began dancing with impationce on the platform; and then, witha shout, took tbe banner and rushed on to the middie of the bridge with it, Then sucha shout! Tne people cey, how! lavgb and dauce as they crowd round their tri-color—and ‘kies it, and hug it! and old memories of the 48—and of the dead berocé—and tbe blood of Novara, Caponova, and ail their bate Belds—with the dead saints who are goue but not forgotten—rise in the eir and float about with the dust, and steam, and garlic, as they—with moca pauting, pushing and heaving—boist up the tri-color, aud it floats in the wind; and then they rugi about like mat creatures up and cown tie bridge, and scream Viva Jialia ela Lt berta! Now they bave subsided, and are cowl and col- jected, and, im fact, bebaye with perfect cuimmces and 004 SeLse. MOVEMENTS IN FRANCE. EUGENIE ACTING AS REGENT—SOR REVIEWS THE NATIONAL GUARD—OREAT SUC OF THE LOAN— PRAYERS FOR VIOTORY—NAPOLEON AND THE NBWS- PAYER MEN—DECKBASE IN THE BANK CaSd—THK BOURSE. The cats from Paris are to the 15th inst, ‘The Empress bad elceady tragacted business, and was to hola weekly reviews of the National Guard, The gun boats are pot to be employed, but five frigates were to be immediately prepared for seu. It if said tbat wore than double the amount of the five bondred milion france, a8 war loan, hed beea subscribed jor, and that three times the sur wight be had for the same pyrpeee, ‘The Minister of Public Worship had sent a circular to the Archbishops anc bishops of the empire directing that public proyers be offered upin al) the churches for tho Success and protection of France. It ig stated that the Fmperor bad decided that no cor- respondent of a newspaper or journalist shall be permit- to tollow whe French ermy in Maly. On the otber hand, it is said that some journalists had been selected to accumoany the Emperor, und among them M. Perron, of the Moniteur, and M. Dreolie, of the Consti- tutionnel. Measures bad been taken for sending several official despatches to Paris every day. ihe army of Lyous had received orders to proceed to Italy, They would increase the force in Italy to nearly 200,000 men. A dearee postpones, sine die, the expected legislation om the Corn laws. The monthiy returns of the Bank of France show a de- creage im the cash on hand of 25,000,006 francs, The Paris Bourse, on the 11th and 12th, was quite buoy- ant, and tbe Three per cents advances to 61.80. On the 13th, bowever, uncer the influence of rumors from Berlin that # change of Ministry inimical to France had taken place (whi oved to be false), there was a reac- tion, and the Three per cents declined to 61.5 for money, closing flat. Special correspondence of the Nord, translated for the ae PONEW BRRALD.] York PARIS, May 7, 1859, I bave already ehown the falsity of cettaia reports that have been spread abroad within the las: few days ona coldness that it was pretended existed between our Cabi. net and that of London. Today I can be more explisit, and can ailirm, atter the explications that have taken place between the different cabinets, that our relations } with the British government, and,I can safely say, with me 4 of Prussia and Russia, are more satisfactory than ever. This reconcilement between the four principal Powers of Europe, at a moment when one of them is eagaged in a very serious war with a fifth Power, is an important fact on which we cannot too much ibsist, it proves, ag Count Waleweki said, with groat justness, in ‘his despatch to Mr. de Bonnevilie, that the ‘question of Italy—wbich, in the idea of the Emperor and of the otber cabinets of Europe, was only a ques. on of European order, and as such ought to be re- solved with one accord—had become a question porso- nal between France and Austria the moment thas Austria acted in the spirit of disrespect towards those cabinets She refused from which ebe had rather to tolicit favors this accord. Claiming justice for herselt war against France by attacking her ally. the question of Italy thus placed is accepted by wi the other Powers, jand that their good intentions were disdainfully thrown aside by Austria, and that they must act 80 a8 to localise the scene of action But it is evident they cannot arrive at thig result but by net coming forward apd reserving their action for the momeot when they ¢an come forward and continue their pacific work of mediator. This reconcilemeat proves, again, that the Powers have confidence in the categorical and frank declaration of the Cabinet of the Tuileries, aad that they are, in copsequecce, convinced that this war,any more than the precedent, wiil not be a war of conquest or @revomionury one. A revolution would, on the contrary, be lost Ly the fact of the cause vt provoked being destroyed. In pre-ence of ths accord, so fortunately established between the great Powers, Europe may be reassured and fete peaceably the course of her commercial rela- ions. The more Austria will be convinced that she bas nothing tohope from the rest of Europe, the more she qill sce that Europe leaves ber the entire responsibility of her rash temerity, the more she will be persuaded that all ber efforts to rouse up Germany to compromise the States bordering on France will be of no avail against the reeolution of Germany, who will be inspired by her pro- per interests, and will but watch over her proper defence. Less, then, will sbe show a headstrong opposition, but easier will be the conclusion of the difterence, Leas will be the pecessity of widening the sphere of hostilities, Lees would be the difficulty to prescribe the limits and shorten the duration of the war. The existence of those relations between the four great Powers is, then, as you see, a tactof the greatest importance in évery point of vie’ ‘The note that denied the project of forming an army of observation on the Rbine has produced a vivid sensation amongst the diplomacy. In that note will be seen the proof of the good uaderstanding that reigns betwoen the Cabinet of Paris and that of Berlin, which will, no doybt, succeed in calming those ancient, marual dispositions of some of the Germau States which have been forcibly at- tached to the interests of Austria. The new proof of confidence and eeteom that the Empe- ror has just given to Count Walewaki, by naming nim member of the Privy Council, has been viewed by the political world with the met lively satisfaction. M. DE PERSIGNY’S INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENG- LAND. [Paris (May 12) correspondence of London Times } M. de Persigny leaves to-night or to-morrow morning for London, to enter on bis duties as ambassador. He is instructed to repeat the assurance to the English govern- ment that the Emperor bas no intention of extending the war beyond Italy. Of what nature are the guarantees for theee assurances I know not; but even supposing them to be sincere, can M. de Persigny, or even the Emperor, affirm that complications will not arise which he may not be able to master or direct? We are accosiomed to assurances of moderation in the beginning of most wars; yet no man can gay, “Thus tar ebal; thou go and no further.” If the “army of Observation,” of the North, or of the Rhino, or whatever you please to call the force, under Marshal Pelis- sier, should degire to emulate the exploits of the Army of Italy—supposing the Iatter to be triumpkant—wi!l the Emperor be able or willing to deny it this satisfaction? STRENGTH AND ATTITUDE OF ENGLAND. SHE IS BETTER PREPARED FOR WaR THAN ANY OTHER NATIO [From the Lofidon Times, May 14.} A storm may come suddeniy, but never without warn- ing. Whether this which now rages over the old battle fieids of northern Italy will eyer reach our shores may be still uncertain; bat there it is; the whole sky is lowering, wnd thunder clouds, it is #aid, do not follow the wind or any known law. No peaceful’ determinations, no public Meetings, nO ministerial promises—always, of course, pacitic—no formula of neutrality—not the moat unaffected and selfish aspirations for peace, wiK avert war from our shores if rertain contingencies should arise which have frequently arisen before. Our neighbors are ambitious, our own peeple sensative. War often answera a purpose, and then it may be expected. Should it come, it will be sudden, From peace to war will be the work of aday; and the trapeition will be that of a secure household retiring to rest a# vrual afer whist or family prayers to a fight with armed burgiars, half in at the déors and windows, mmed with jemmiee, dark lanterns, craps marks and bindgeongs, In one instant there may be a burning wun, the next a drench- ing thower. So all tho preparation must be done now, and any goverment which would keep its place a da, murt show Ubat it is preparing on a scale suitable to the pommiole emergency, Thi much may and must be said of the present govermment, whatever ite other dellaquen- cles, and when its Jay of trial comee—as come it rust— it will be abie W plend this in ite favor. The particulars we eave yemtorday of the war preparations at Woolwich Aveonw), and ir Willintn Armstrong’s ou account of his tn veustin and the progress of the manofacture, will tervs i intorm both friende and foes that we are pro. wring for the woret, if the worst should come, It is not ion woh to way that, bowever much England excois all foreign cowntries in her textile fabrics aad hardware, in her omoufacturing machinery, in anything that is done by mechenice and artisans, 28 also in her inconceivable rave of production, she excels other nations not less in the erorllence of her weapons of war, ant in her prodigious prrvers of ‘manufacturing them as fast as they can be wanted, Jt is jusb possible that we might be cought at a disadvantage from want of tne im. mense armies on the Continent, though that would soon be remecied. Of course we suller from the dearaven of labor, and the abstraction of our best hands to other pur. yards aro always more and more produotive. ‘With us the brood of war increases aud multiplies. We y, and arm, and clotho, and furnish with every mili- '¥ appliance, mot ouly ourselves, but alb our atides, should they want the aisistance. The steam power of this country, for purciy civil aod manufacturing pur- poses, was long ago reckoned as more than equal te tae manual strength of the whole human race, and was thes more than double the strength of mankind. It is enough to say that our power of producing ships of war, steam engines, guoboats, cannon, muskets, baitots, bell and shell, is quite in proportion; and that, a8 we aro without ® rival inthe quantity we can produce, 80 aleo are we in the quality, sverything we have is not only the ‘beat of its kind, but also of a better kind and a more per- fect inveation. Nor ié there the smallest doubt as te the spirit of the nation which produces and wields this lm- mense manufacture of death. For years and years, epite of reverses, it will u e the dreadful work with Provocation, and with avn near, The death pel willbe hurled from its crest, the death-stream will roll from its ses, and the one wilt fali heavier, the other wider, a8 long as there remains an exemy in the field. ‘The mechanical production of this country is already the chief wonder of the worla, All that i has yet done im the arts of peace i will surpass in the manufacture of material Sor us next war. gun is as yet only an indication, but a very significant oue, of the mechanical resources’ which may be called the military strengta of this country, As matters bow stand are assured that the mow exact drawings would not put it in the power of any foreign State to turn out theee weapons in the Guaatiiy requirod, 80 backward are they in this branch of manufacture. It ig doubtful whetber they could make one such gua; but it is not a matter of doubt that we could turn out any aut ber, of any size, up to guns dischargtog balls of one bi dred pounds, and capable of doing their work with cer- tainty at distances far beyond those now knows to war. But this ts only an indication, and the gua is only the arst etep in a new system. The shells invented for it are even more wonderful. They will explode on leaving the gua, or op touching any object, as may 9e desired; in the for- mer case the eboll will burst into a cortaia numbor of pieces, which will spread lixe a fan and dilfuse destruction with an extent and equality never dreamt of with tae sholls now ia use, Other nations, of courgo, will follow us as close us their skill and resources will allow. fhe wooden walls of England will offer but poor protectoa ogainet missiles which can pierce nine feet of solid eak piavk. So England must now have iron walls, Moa m armor sre po more; shipe in armor take ther But here again Engiand bas the advantage over all other countries. In a year or two she could, if suo pleased, build a fleet of gigantic armadilices, or alligators, covered with scales, to turnoff apy bail. It remains w be seem What thickness of roa is necessary to resist a bolt from one of the newly invented guns, but a 68 1b. shot breaks to powder like a snowball when it touches a plate of wrought iron of sufficient thickness. fhe possession of the material is here our chief advantage. Indeed, it is rather remarkable tbat at the outbreak of this war, wh it was pronounced to be the duty of England, as weil her interest, to be neutral herself, and to localize the war to Piecmout, government was strougly urged to prowibis the export of materials for war; and it was said that, having a monopoly of some, and the chief supply of \ oer she would thus be able soon to stop the war alto- gether. TPAli theee, it may be raid, are considerations for the fu- ture. We may bave an iron navy, Artostrong guns, | Inountaips of shot, shell and bolts, all of the last any ceadliest kind; aud, as the war advances, we may deve- lope more and more the resources of our soil and our rase. But, it may be added, the real question is, what shall we be able to do if we are sucked into the eddy this month or the next? How are we prepared to resist inva- flop, to protect our merchantmen, or to meet at open som. some sixty or seventy gail of the lime? With the Admi- ralty we are not just now concerned, but it is doing its best. We are speaking of Woolwich arseaal, and at that huge cave of Cyclops a work now in progrees that Pagan pees would never hat imagined in his fancy’s highest flight. It should be premised that there are ulready in store thore of a quatity and acondition perfectly available for service 7,000 cannon, besides proportionate supplios at the va- rious dockyards throughout the country, eee KUNS Can be fitted for eervice and forwarded to any point required %, the rate of two hundred a week, or, if nevessary, taree jundred. A cannon, many of our readers had to leara for the first time in the Crimean war, is a perishable wea- pon, end becomes useless or unsafe alter a certaim number of rounds. So, what is the power of reproduction? With the old furnaces at Woolwich, with some mew enes just made or to be made, and With the aid of pri- vate foundries, Eng'and can produce four thousand or five thousama caunon of any size yearly, Of the shot and shell to feed all these mouths of fire Woolwich lone is now making 26,000 a week, and could easily make 40,000, which is more than six times the average weekly expenditure during the Orimean war. AS to smali arms, wo are in a state to keep any army coa- stantly supplied with the new pieces, and with as much ammunition as they can require. There are eighty er ninety million rounds of Minie ammunition in store, and there ts machinery to ald two or three millions a week. AB to percussion caps, the store and the means of supply seem to be past «Il reckoning. On these immense quaa- tities we should not usually insist, as during a long peace the existing models are pure to become more or less odeolete. But the present crisis renders it necessary to Jock the means et hand, and this survey shows us that we are at this moment better prepared for war than, pro- badly, any forcign nation. NEUTRALITY OF ENGLAND OFFICIALLY ANNOUNCED. [From the London Gazette, May 13.] BY THE QU&KN—A PROCLAMATION. Vicrorta,R. en i Vhereas, we are at peace wi sovercigas, Powers ani ates: e And whereas, rboelccagr ties Sipe utmost exertions to preserve peace between all sovereign Powers and ‘States now at war, hostilities have unhapily commenced between bis Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Austria om the oue part, and his Majeety the King of Sardinia and bia Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French on the other 5 a apie To of ios taarleh exists Seno his Im- peri jeety the ror of Austria on the one part, and his Majesty the King of Sardinia and his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of tne French on the other part, and between their respective subjects, acd others iahabiting within their countries, territories or dominiens; And whereas, we are on terms of friendship and amica- ble intercourse with all and cach of these sovereigns, and with their several subjects, and others inhabiting withim their countries, territories or dominions; And whereas, great numbers of our loyal subjects reside and carry on commerce, and poesess property amd e¢- tablishmeats, and enjoy various rigbta and privileges ‘witbin the dominions of each of the aforesaid sovercigns, protected by the faith of treaties betwoen us and cach ef the aforesaid sovereigns; ; And whereas we, being desirous of preserving to our subjects the blessings of peace, which they now happily enjoy, are firmly purposed and determined to abstain al- together from taking any part, directly or indirectly, im the war now unhappily existing betwoen the said soy- ereigns, their eubjects and territories, and to remain at Peace with, and to maintain a peaceful and friendly im- tercouree with, all and with each of them, and their re- spective subjects, and others inhabiting wiihin any of their countries, territories and dominions, and to main- tain a strict and impartial neutrality in the said hos- tilities and war, unhappily existing betwoen them; We, therefore, have thought, fit, by and with the advice of our Privy Council, to issue this our Royal proclamation. And we do hereby strictly charge and command all our loving subjects to govern themselves accordingly, and te observe a strict noutrality in and during tho nforosaid hostilities and war, and to abstain from violating or con- travavening either the Jaws and statutes of the reaim im this behalf or the law of nations in relation thereto, as they will auswer,to thecontrary at their peril, And whereas, in and by acertain statate made aad puesed in the fitty-ninth year of his Majesty King George IIL, entitled ‘An act to prevent the enlisting or engage- ment of his Majesty’s subjecta to serve in a foreign ser- vice, and the fitting out or equipping in his Majesty’s de- minions vescels for warlike purp ses without his ‘injes- ty’s license,” it is among other things declared and enact- ed a8 followe:—That, if any person within any part of the United Kingdom, or in any part of his Majosty’s dominions beyond the seas, shall, without the leave and license of his Majesty, for ‘that purpose first had and obtained ag aforesaid, equip, furnish, fit owt or arm, or attempt or andeavor to equip, furtisb, fit out or arm, or pro- cure to be equipped, furnished, fitted ovt or armed, or shall knowingly aid, agsist or be concerned im the caipping furnighing, fitting out or arming of any ship or veesel, with intent, or in order that such sbip or Yousol shall be employed in the sorvice of any foreign prince, State or potentate, or of any foreign colony, province or part of any province or people, or of any person or per- fons exercising or assuming to exorcise any powers of go- vernment in or over any foreign State, colony, province or part of suy province or people, as @ transport or store- ebip, or with intent to cruise or commit hostilities against any prince, State or potentate, or against the subjects or citizens of any prince, State or potentate, or against the persons exercising or assuming to exorcise the powers of government in any colony, province or part of any pre- vinos or country, or against the inhabitants of any foroign colony, provines, or part of any province or couniry, with whom his Majesty sball not then be at war, or sual, with- in the United Kingdom, or any of his Majesty's domi- nions, or in any settlement, colony, torritory, islaad or place, belonging or subject to his Majesty, issue or deliver any commission for any ship or vessel, to the intent that such ship or voasel shall be employed 93 aforesaid, every such person 80 offending shall .be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof, upon any information of indictment, be punished. by fine and imprisonment, or either of them’ at the discre- tion of the Court in which such offender shall be convicted; and every such sbip or vessel, with the tackle apps and furniture, together with all the materials, arma, am- munition and stores, which may belong to or be on board of any such ehip or vessel, shall bo forfeited; and it shall be lawful for any officer of his Majoaty’s customs or ex- cise, oF any officer of his Majosty’s navy, wh is by law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture incurred under any of the laws of customs or excise, or of the laws of trade and navigation, to seize such ships and vessels aforesaid, and in such places and in such manner, in which the ofiicors af his Mojesty’s customs or excise, and the officers of his Majesty’s navy, are empowered ro- apectively to make seizure under the laws of customs and excise, or under the laws of trade and navigation; and tat every such ship and vessel, with the gacklo, apparel and furniture, together with all the matorials, arts, agamunt- tion and stores, which may belong w or beon board of such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted and condemned in the like manner, and in’ such Courts as ships or vessels may be prosecuted aad condemned for any breach of tho Jews made for the protection of the revenues of customs dad excive, or of tho laws of trade and navigation, And it ‘8, in and by the said act, ffurthor enacted, That if any porron in any part of the United Kingdom of’ Great Britain or [reland, or in any part of his Majesty’s domin jong beyond the reas, without the loaye and licvuse of hig