The New York Herald Newspaper, May 10, 1859, Page 3

2 NEW YORK ‘HERALD, TUESDAY, MAY 10, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. THE WAR IN EUROPE. Arrival of the Anglo-Saxon at Quebec | and Adelaide at St. Johns. HIGHLY IMPORTANT NEWS. eng Commencement of the Great Contest in Europe. ALLIANCE BEIWEEN RUSSIA AND FRANCE, Important Meeting of the French | Legislature, One Hundred and Twenty Thousand Austrians Crossed the Ticino. French Troops Already Crossed the Sardinian Frontier. The Only Hope of Peace in the Aceeptance | of English Mediation by Austria. KEW FRENCH LOAN ANNOUNCED. PANIC IN THE LONDON MONEY MARKET. TREMENDOUS FALL IN SOLS. | Activity in the Corn and Provision | Markets, Ber hes ae | ‘The Canadian screw steamship Anglo-Saxon, | from Liverpool April 27, arrived at Quebec at an | early hour yesterday morning. She left Liverpool at two o’clock on the afternoon of the 27th. The steamship Adelaide, from Galway on the 30th nitimo, arrived at St. Johns at three o’clock yester- @ay afternoon. Her dates are three days later than those by the Anglo-Saxon. The steamship Kangaroo was appointed to sail bout an hour later for New York. she passed | Cape Race on Saturday, and will be due at this | port to-morrow. The news is very impbrtant. The crisis in Europe continued, but as yet there | has been no declaration of war; but hostilitics had almost commenced, a’though it was rumored that Austria had given Sardinia fourteen days tonger im which to consider her demand,ani that she had accepted (he mediation of England—the only hope now of peace. But we learn by the Adelaide hat one hundred and twonty tousaad Austrians had crossed the Ticino§ | There was also a rumor that France and Russia Rad entered into an Alliance, offensive and @efensive. This announcement, which reached London on Wednesday, caused a panic in the money market—consols falling on that day up- wards of two per cent. This alliance is thus foreshadowed in the St Petersburg Vaidomos’ee, of the 5t of April:— ‘The Peace Congress originally proposel by Ruesia was at once accepted by France, whicn country iaceed imme @iately signified her assent ‘with g for the reply ‘of the other Powers. This ix the history of the affair, coa- firmed by the evideuce of subscquont elveidations.’ All lasses of the population in France, and the politically fwtereeted world in general, ve ly impressed wich the importance of Lac ende red by Rugsia ia ‘the caure of peace. The news of Ruseian intervention was Teoeived with copfidence sod saifaction, the greatest value beipg everywhere set ou the activity of the Cabinet | of St. Petersburg. Could any doubt have exieted as to.this Deing really the case, it would have been dissolved by a recent announcement in the Monitrur. In this article the Emperor Napoleon, Uvrough the instrumentality of his fetal paper, entrusts his honor to the Emperor of all the . And that great and generous nation, 80 proud and #0 touchy in matiers of honor, France, whose self. esteem is £0 intimately connected with that of her Em- peror, both shares and confirms the confidence placed in , us, No better pledge of alliance can be imagined between | two nations and Sovereigns than this, and Russia’s con- | uct in this affair is deserving of the highest praise, and thas gained it. Stateemen, whoee very words are weighty, ‘Dut whose laudations sre of paramount worth, have been mo leas epering in their commendations of the behavior | of Ruseia. Apart from all otber considerations this event shows the | of the Rusto-French alliance, and the amicable character of this intimate relation between the two Powers. ‘This league bss nothing to co with the ambitious designs of other contracting parties, iaciting each other to acts of ageressiov, and becoming more and more indiflerent o cach other, as the neceesary consequence of nearer ac- Qoaintance. This ie a league entirely dissimilar to those | ‘9 Jormer times concinded for the mere purpose of war ‘and conqoett; this is a league baged on the fandamental incipies of right, disinterestedness and juevice; this is a Feagee, in short, of a character exclusively adapted to the civilization and progress of our time. Russia was the firat to invest this league with its distinguiehiag characteriatic ‘of an alliance for promoting pacificatory purpoxes—pur Pores afterwards accepted hy the whole of Europe. Russi yy this act, has deserved well of all the friends of ci gation and the defenders of humanity, Yea, in chronicling this ceed, the historian of our age will be justified in ex. elaiming with the words of a writer commonly accused of Matiering the Empress Catharine If.—Cvest du Nord eujourdhui que nous vient la-lumiére.”” French troops had already crossed the frontiers of Sardinia. A French loan of five handred millions of francs is announced. Cotton had declined a quarter to three-eighths of & penny. Breadstuffs were all considerably higher, and pro- visions were slightly better. Consols had declined to 89 a 89}. The previous ‘quotations were 94}, showing a decline of over five | Per cent in one week. | The Bank of England rates of discount had been Faised to 34 per cent. The Kangaroo reached Liverpool on her out- ward trip at 7:30 P. M. of the 23d, and the Alps on the same night. The Cunard steamship Persia, from New | “York, arrived at Liverpool at one P. M. of the 24th, | ‘and the Nova Scotian, from Portland, at six ©’clock the same evening. THE COMING WAR. | ‘Ms Origin and Preliminarles—Napoleon’s Di- | plomatie Taeties, &o., sy ao. | Our London Correspondence. | Loxvox, April 21, 1859. Bheteh of the Yecurrences which Have Lei to the Present Porte tion of Eurovan Affaire—Ihe Destiny of Napoleon Ill— What He Has ten Aiming at and How He Us Accom lished it—Ingenions Diplomacy—Fiancis Joseph of Aus. sria Wide Awake—Il» Pits Himelf Against Napoleon— | Position of Affairt—Insrae View of the Difficulties, de. Among thore familiar with the causes of and the succes. sive steps which have led to the presen\ condition of Eu- vepean affairs, the daily developement of the war quea- on are x6 slearly understood as the concluding chapters | | now rivalling that of Great Britain. | the government organ, and other Parie papers, conti- Of anovel, the first part of which has been atventively perused. Bot even in Europe there are many intelliggat people who, from the demands upon their time, cannot keep in mind the course of these events, and I haveno doubt there fs an equally large class of intelligent people ia the Uni- | ted States who, from the samo causes, from their absence from the theatre of action, and the oonflicting explaoe- tions of ministers and diplomats, bave no dear coneep- tion of the present European imbroglio. Impressed with this ides, it oocurred to me that a! this oritical moment, when we are on the verge of a general Europesn out- preak, the end of wkich no man can foretell,a clear and ‘concise sketch of the motives of and preliminary steps te the war wou!d be acceptable to your readers. It will tend to dispel that mystery in which interested parties always endeavor to envelope a war in order to conceal ‘their own designs, and ascribe t their action patriotic and laudable desires, for which they perhaps could ob- tain little credit except by means of the popular igno- Trance. At any rate, asa mere maiter of history, I think of the facts will be found interesting. * At the conclusion of the Crimean war—which, notwith- standing the glory it gave to the Fremch arms, was of 20 Denaflt to her in a material point of view. Austria was the only ypowor to derive any real advantage from that contest. Louis Napoleon found him- relf witha heavy and long-standing debt to Austria, with his inherited hatred of that Power, with the con- eciousness that she had reaped ak the benellts of the war without firing a capaon, spending a dollar, or losing a man; and with a restless army on his hands, flusted with victory, and whose occupation was the only salva- tion of bis throne—perhaps of bis head. In this situation, as subsequent events amply prove, he determined to have a contest with Austria, and, after the Japee of sufficient time for thorough resuecitation aud pre- paration, after luliing the popular apprehension with ag svrances of bis paciGc intentions, we find him using to Baron Hubner, the Avetrien Minister at Paris, at his levee on the Ist of January last, this significant language:— “Tregret that our relations with your government are not so good a8 they were, but I request you to state to the Emperor that my personal feelings for bim have not changed.”’ And itis rumored that Marshal Vaillant, the Muister of War, in equally significant language, subse- quently said to Baron Hubner, “I suppose I must not give you my band after that”’—a pretty plain indication that ke knew what the Emperor meant. ‘The effect of this language was immediately to create a panic on the Paris Bourse, and succesgively upon the mo- ney mnarkete of the world, and Francis Joseph understood its tenor so well,and was so well prepared to meet it, | shat bo immediately repeated almost the same language to the French Minister to Vienna; and so soon as the 7th of January, cnly one week after the significant words were uttered, thirty thoreamd Austrian troops were on thelr | way to the Italian provinces of Austria. At this time there js every reason to believe that though | Napoleon had decided oa a war with Austria, he had not yet fixed upon a pretext, but was impressed in favor of the Danubian difficuity. The Italian question was but in- cidentally mentioved in his speech to tne Legislative As- sembly which opened on the 7th of February, the princi. pai point of which was as follows: — The Cobinet of Vienna and that of France, on the con- trary—I speak it with regret—baye disagreed upon im- portant questions, and it required a most conciliatory gpirit to succeed in arranging them. For instance: the recopetruction of the Danubian Principalitieg bas not beea completed without many difficulties, which diminished the full satisfaction of their most legitimat: desires; and if I were asked what interest France bas in those distant countries watered by the Danube, I should reply, that the intercet of France is everywhere where there is a just cause, aud where civilization ought to be made to prevail. In thie state of things there is nothing extraordinary that Frrnce should draw closer to Pisdmont, which hroved her- self soWevoted during the war, 80 faithful to our policy during peace. But the coincidence of nearly all the Powers of Europe in the double elestion of Prince Couza as Hospodar of the United Provinces, and the fact that the difficulty par- | took too much of the old exhausted Eastern question, which would be treated atthe Paris Conference, render- ed an abandonment of that «cheme necessary. ‘The Italian question, therefore, began to loom up promi- nently, and the multiplied aggreesions of Austria in Italy, her occupation of the Italian States, her continued oscu- pation of the Papal States, and her treaties with the heads of the principal States, were brought out in their enormity. ‘the Italian question was particularly fitted for his pur- pore for many rearons, Sardinia, the Power threatened by Austria, bad taken @ prominent part in the Crimean war and in the Parie Conference, and it was the evident determination of Victor Emanuel, Count Cayour, and the Marquis d’Azeglio, that Austria should be routed out of all Italy ‘f poesible, but out of Central Italy at any rate, He had strengthened his influence with Sardinia by» in the first place a matrimonial alliance with the House of Savoy—one of the oldest aud most distinguished families of Europe—the marriage of the Prince Napoleon to Princess Clothilde, which was for so long a time kept secret, and which was golemnized on the 30th of January. In the second place he entered into an alliance with Saréivia, whereby be agreed to protect her against apy attack from any source. On the 4th of February was issued the famous pam- phiet, entitled “Napoleon Ill, et V'Italie,” which, thouga by many attributed to M. de Gaerrontére, bore evident traces of the Emperor’s handiwork. Its evident tenor was to lull tbe apprehensions of Europe while asserting the French policy of intervention. It declared that France desired for Rome but theee three things:— 1. To conciliate the régime of the church with a political eyetem legal end regular m the Roman States. 2. To render the Pope independent of questions of na: tionality, war, armament acd internal and external de- fence. 3. To cetablish a national army, and to substitute for French occupstion an efficient Italian force. And for Italy generally it averred that France had de sired and ineffectually proposed to Austria— 1, There should be secularization of the administrative power, by the formation of a Council of State compose: of Jay members. 2. Representation of all the interests of the country in an Azsembly elected by the Provincial Council, or at least chosen by the Pope out of a liet of candidates pre- sented by these Councils, and called on to deliberate on all the Jaws and vote the budget. 3. To bave an effectua! control exerciged over local ex- nees by provincial councils receiving their delegations Roa municipal councils, who are themselves to be uamed by the electors, conformably to the edict of November 24, 1850, 4. A judicial reform by the promulgation of a code of civil laws, founded ou the Code Napoleon, the Lombardo- Venetian Code, or that of Naples. 5. The regular collection of the publis revenues by the organization of the system existing in France. 6. The reconciliation of all classes and all opinions by the enlightened and paternal exercise of clemency towards gil those who may be willing to make their respectful gub- mission to the Sovereign Pontiff. This pamphlet was simply an epitome of the ‘ Jdées Nopelioniennes’” of 1839, reproduced in 1859—and the lapse of twenty years showed the designs of the nephew to be the same as those which he had been pleased to as- cribe to the uncle, In connection with these evidences that Italy was to be the theatre of the denouement of the next European war, the active war preparations of France continued in a military and naval point of view, plainly indicating a de- sign for some great work. Cherbourg had been rendered im- meneely formidable, the navy waa increased, the army re- ceived new conscripts, the artillery service was improved, the cavalry and infantry were drilled, th ecannon were | rifle bored, and new and ingenious inventions added; the railroads and avenues of communication were prepared, troops were concentrated on the fronticr, and all the evi dences of active war preparation were given—the navy Yet the Moniteur, nually cried peace, and averred that the Emperor bad no belligerent intentions, and that all that was being done was to place the army on the same footing as before the Cri mean war, and ag a necessary measure for the defence of the country. But Francis Joreph of Austria was not to be deceived as tothe real purpose of Napoleon, as was shown in his Prompt ordering of troaps to the frontier immediately on the utterance of the famous remark to Baron Hubner. He | is, though younger than Napoleon by twenty years, | a ambitious as he, and determined, if possible, to defend the integrity of the Austrian government and preserve the boundaries of her territory, Having by diplomacy fecured the benefits of the Crimean war without firing a gun, having become almoet paramount in the Danubian Principalitiee, in spite of the efforts of France and Sardi- nia, being perfectly satisfied with the settlement of the Danubian question, and spurred on by his mother, the Archduchees Sophi, a regular diplomat in petticoate, a | tort of balf Catbarine 11. of Russia and half Maria Theresa of Austria, in smartness, shrewdness, courage and far- sighted policy, and who had adroitly procured the acces. tion of her gon by compelling the abdication of the im- becile Ferdinand and persuading her husband to renounce bis claims in his favor. Francis Joseph and the Arch- duchees Sophia aw through the designs of Napoleon and determined to thwart him, Surrounded by statesmen who were willing to sus- tain him jm his position, and who from experience ip the operations of the first Napoleon, saw but re. flex of hem in the movements of tho nephew, Francis Jovepy. came to the conclusion that if Austria yielded in one instance she would have to go on yielding until DO hing was left to be given up; that if they could not ®¢.cure peace for the future without giving up their ancient rights, which bad been guaranteed to them by treaties, the better way would be to succum» only alter thoy Were compelled vi et armis, rather than allow themselves to be diplomatically vauquished—in ghort, that they would not yield until after a ight England meanwhile, although the Derby government ‘was charged with Austrian sympathies, and even a secret Austrian alliance—now, observing the course of affuirs» ‘stepped in with @ proposition for peace. The first move. ment was the mission of Lord Cowley from Paris to Vienna for the purpose of effecting a settlement of the question. He was selected by Lord Malmesbury because his position in Paris had afforded him, it was supposed, ample opportunity to learn the Emperor's feelings, and h® had held several interviews with the Emperor on that subject. But this measare was so clumaily managed that the smartness of Napoleon very soon upset the scheme of the English government; and its history is thus described by Lord Malmesbury in the House of Lords on the 28th of Mareb:— Your lordebips will recollect that atthe end of last month Lord Cowley went to Vienna. Before ho left Paris he cliained the entire assent and a the French government lo his mission, and he Paris rectly in timate with all the ideas and views of the French govern- ment with respect to what is called the Itaiian os He come to London, but he did not receive any official in- structions whatever. (The Earl of Derby here said some- thing to the noble earl which did not reach the gallery. The nobie earl, having made a short pause, thus pro. ceeded):—He arrived in London, and received from ber Majesty’s government, as my noble friend vory Properly apticipated, no instructions of an official character. He was only to ugcertain from the Aus- trian government what points they considered in the seme hight as the Irencb, and in what way he might, by the goov oftices of this country, assist in restoring those relations between ¥rance and Austria which are unfortu- nately in £0 critical & position, He proceeded w Vienaa, and there acted with ail that eagacity and tac} which my poble frieud bas 20 juetly ascribed to him, and which Lord Cowley has never failed to manifest in any public m/stion on which ke has been employed. (Hear, hear.) He was received by the Austrian government with iho utmost frankness and cordiality, and that frankness aud diality pervaced all the communications which he hat with that government doring his residence at Vienua. My lords, he there did ascertain that there were points on which, by the good offices of Exgland, the #rench and Austrian’ governments might be induced to agree, and that there were points on which Count Buol declarod well ready 10 euter into communication with her Majesty’s government and with that of France, with the view of removing those davgers which threatenod Italy and Europe, and of restoring the certainty of pesce. Having thus accomplished what I mast de feribe as a very useful avd promising mission, Lord Cow jey returned to Paris, On his arrival there ou the 16th of this month he found that, during his absence, the French and Russtan governments had entered into communica ttm with each other, and that, with the content and appro- bation ef France, Russia intended to recommend to the five greet Powers of “Burope a congress to cosider and. settle these matters, “On the 18h of this month her Majesty’s government received from the Russian Ambassador oili- clu! information that such was the intention of Russia, and her Msjeety’s government on the next day announced to the Russian sovernment at St. Petersburg their willing nees, if such offer were mate, to accept it, upon certain conditions which were enumerated to the Russian govern- ment. They, therefore, anticipated the official proposal which the Russian government hag since made. On the 28d Baron Brunow called upon me to announce that not only bad the Roseian government made this pro- poral ag between the five great Powers, but that the Ruseisn government had also accegted the con- ditions submitied by her Majesty’s government Since that time each of the five great Powers has consent- ed to the Congres, But this speech only told apart of the story. Whether Lord Malmesbury thought €0 or not, it is very evident that Napoleon’s intentions were anything but peaceful; and there could be no plainer evidence of that than the fact that after consenting to the mission of Lord Cowley, with the bope that i would’ not succeed, and being dieappointed at its promising pacific resulta, withoat damage to the dignity of Austria, he immediately put the Project of the peace Congress on foot, opened negotiations with Russia, and with the knowledge that there would some questicn arize ia ‘‘the details not yet agreed upon,” which would seriously embarraes Ausiria, and thwart the peace efforts of the courts of London and Borlia. Thus we had the proposition of the Peace Congress from Alexander, and the immediate announcement in the Moniteur of ite acceptance by France, before any of the o:ber Powers knew what was going 02. Napoleon knew be was safe in agrecing to the principle of a Congress when there was no probability of the details being agreed upon, or of anything being done which would interfere with the plans which he bad formed £0 far back as the date of the meeting with the Czar of Russia at Stuttgard, September 24, 1858—fifty years after the memorable meeting of Alexander I. and Napoleon I. on the raft at Titsit, moored in the mid- dle of the Tiemen, whien the first words of Alexander were: “Ihate the English as much as you do, and am ready to join you against them.”” Who knows but that Alexander II. greeted Napoleon Ill. with the same re- ment at Stuttgard, and that England may not yet have to contend against an alliance between France and Russia, which Napoleon I. came go near effecting? In the debate which ensued in the British Parliament on the day of Lord Malmesbury’s explanation of Lord Cow- Jey’s miesion, it was plainly to be perceived that Napoleon’s intentions were understood; that his pacific declarations were believed to be what you would perbaps call bun- combe—though nobody cared or dared to say eo in x0 many words. Ausiria meanwhile held firm in her position of refusing to participate in any congress in which her Italian posses- sions were to be interfered with, or her rights in that quarter queationed—the same ground which she took in the Paris Conference, when Count Cavour, the Sardinian Am- bageador, raised the same question. She would not agree to acongrers which proposed to disturb the treaties of 1815, or unless Sardinia would disarm. The five Powers, however, agreed so far as to adopt the following four points, proposed by Great Britain, aud referred to by Lord Malmesbury on the 26th of March, in the House of Lords, as a basis for the Congress:— 1. To gettle the means by which peace may be main- tained between Austria and Sardinia, 2. To ascertain how the evacuation of the Roman States by the French and Austrian troops could be best effected. &, To examine if it is advisable to introduce reforms into the home adm ration of the Roman States, and of the other Italian Statee whose adminisiration contains defects which evidently tend to create a permanent and danger ous condition of trouble avd discontent, and to discuss what these reforms ehould be. 4, To replace the treaties between Aust ia and the duchies by @ confederation of Italian States for their mutual pro- tection at bome and abroad. But Austria demanded the disarmament of Sardinia as an absolute condition of its entering the Congress, which even Jord Malmesbury looked upon as an outrage, and the question was asked, ‘ If Sardinia be compelled to disarm and excluded from the Congress, what protection bas she from an attack by Austria at any moment?’ England, therefore, proposed a general disarmament; and here tho intentions of Louis Napoleon became still more manifest. He contented immediately on behalf of France, because, said ha, “we are not in arms; wo have only been recupe” tating our lost forces of the late war.’ He knew very well where the stumbling block to this would be, because Sardinia was under his direct influence, and by his advice would refuse to disarm unless ehe was allowed ® voice in the Congress, which Austria, of course, could not allow. Napoleon’s alliance with Sardinia made him sure that hie congent, while it made him appear to desire peace, really allowed his plans to Proceed, and threw the onus of the disagreement on Austria, Accordingly, Count Cavour, on behalf of Sar- dipia, bad already entered the following protest against her exclusion from the Congrces:— Torin, March 21, 1859. Monsieur le Marquie—The government of Russia nas just made the formal proposition to submit the Italian question to a Congress of the great Powere. I hasten, M. le Marquis, to make known to you the views of the government of the King in this respect. Sardinia has no objection to make against. the meeting of «Congres which, taking into consi teration the inte rests and the just complaints of the Peninsula, woutd take upon itecif to give a pacific and satisfactory solu. tion of the difficulties which deservedly attract the ferious attention of Europe. But the Cabinet of Turin be- leven at the same time that Piedmont ought to be repre- sented at this Congress, and it is persuaded that its inter- vention would be useful, not to say indispensable, if the Powers which show a proved sympathy for Italy, and thore which desire to obviate the Canger of the abnormal state of the Penineula, think they can render prevalent a system more conformable to justice by obtaining con- ceetione and guarantees of a nature to calm the public Mind. . Sardinia enjoys the confidence of the unhappy popula- tiovs whoee fate is wbout to be decided; she alrosdy raieed her voice in their favor as the Congress of Paris, and that her voice was not only listened to by the most calightened governments of Kurope, but it bas succeoded in calming vexationg and angers ready to burst forth; it hag digarmed revolution, substituting for it the regular and legal action of diplomacy, Sarcinia, in taking the lead of the national movement, exercised the influence it had aequired to com- ely revolutionary passions; instead of exciting the minds of men eoured’by gutfering and deceptions, it endeavored to keep them within bounds, and to lead them to a more healthy appreciation of the events and obatacles Which delayed the fulfiment of their legitimate desires, We may openly declare it; if Italy has not been ti theatre of new troubles lately; it we have not to deplore ingane popular movements, followed by sanguinary re- action, it i# to the ralutary action and prudent attitude of Piedmont that it must in a great measure be attributed. As regards the questions which ought to form the ob- ject of the deliberations of the Congress, the Capinct of London is cognizant of the view taken of them by the overnment of the King. In the memrandum of the of March it bas frapkly explained its views; it bas he out the grievances of the Peninguly, it hag the reparations they require, That been communicated to the Court of London—and it met with a cordial reception. Lord Malnaesbury has admitted the moderation of Sardinia, and bas rendered homage to her good faith, Thus, whether by its genera! conduct since the affairs of Italy have taken the first place in the cares of Europe—whether by its declarations clearly formulated ag regards tbe points which appesr to render an immediate solution necessary—the British government ought to be convinced that the court of Sardinia will lens incere support tall measures which the Binomanee Por ‘the interest of Itely. I hike to flatter myself, therefore, that the Cabinet of Londen will, without difficulty, admit the propriety that Sardinia should be represented in the Congress posed by Rasgia. Iam, &., ©. CAVOUR. ‘With this determination of Sardinia in view, and the knowledge that its effect would be to prevent the Con- grees, Napoleon could safely admit the principle of gene- ral disarmament, and with an appearance of consistency demand that Sardinia, and, as a consequence, the other Tiatian States, should be admitted to the Congress. ‘This was the position of affairs when tho late debate wok place in the British Parliament on the 18th of April, when go general an expression of belief in a coming wa was made, when the course of Napoleon was 20 openly censured, and when Lord Der by eaid:— The time is nearly come when Englani—which has, indeed, made one more effort, suggested one more propo tition, which I am not at liberty to lay before your iord ehipg—shall say that the period has gone by for trifling, and that, baving exhausted all her powers of porsuasiou, and left no stone unturned to effect a settiement upon principles which bave received the unanimous approval of ber Parliament, she must, however reluctanuy, with draw from interference in affairs in which she can vo longer hope ber interference would be usefal to the public interests or covsistent with her own digvity, and mus again reserve to herself, as she has done up ¥ the preseut moment, absolute and entire freedom to take such steps ae she mey bereafter think fit, And significantly in conclusion:— “That a serious responsibility, with all its results, wil! be Jaid upon the head of the Power, whatever it may be, which, without due provocation aod without the most ar gent necessity, seeks for its own ambitious purposes to involve Europe in the calamities of a ‘ong and bioody war.” (Loud cheers.) This brings me tothe third and list great diplomatic stroke of Napoleon thus far in this dynastic struggle. Sardinia had despatehed one of ber ablest statesmea— Marquis d’Azeglio—to represent ber at Loudon as a spe- cial minister, in order to explain the position of Sardinia, and apparently procure the settlement of the difficulties by peaceful means, at the same time securing to Victor Finanuel the position of arbiter of Italy and the great head of the Italian States. The concluding language of Lord Derby would scem to imply a censure of Fraace— ihe ally of Sardinja—and the Coburg tendencies of the Derby government were mach to be feared; but Marqnis WAzeglio plead the cause of Sardinia with emphasis; he repreeented her aid in the Crimean war; her particips tion in the Paris Conference; ber position in the Italian States, the monitor and protector as it were of their liber. ties; the fears of the Italians that Austria intended now to crugh them with one fell swoop; the effect which the digarming of Sardinia and her exclusion from the Con- gress would have upon those feare—perhaye causing a general rieing—throvghout Ttaly. France and Sardinia finally agreed, after much negotiation and persuasion, to the principle of a general disarmament, and ia that shave the question was submitted to Austria, being sent from London April 19—the eame last proposition which Lord Derby alluded to in his spsech of the 18th. It was as followe:— 1. To effectuate, previous to the Congress, a general and simultaneous disarmament, 2. The disarmament to be eettled by a military or civii commission independent of the Congress. This commis sion to be composed of gix commissiouers, one for each of ‘the great Powers and the sixth for Sardinia 3. As seon as the commission shali bave assembled and commenced ite task, the Congress ehall meet in its turn, and proceed to the discussion of the political questions. 4. The representatives of the Italian States shal! be in vited by the Congress, immediately after its assembling. totake their seats with the repregentatives of the five great Powers, exactly iv the same manner as at the Coa- gress of Laybach, in 1821. This proposition Austria at once rejected, as Louis Napo. yeon hoped she would, and the day after it was seni from London Francis Joseph, believing there was no in- tention of peace, as far as Louis Napoleon was concerned, preferred to continue her armaments and make a bold and dashing coup de main. Immediately following this came the news that Austria had forwarded to Coun Giulay! ap order summoning Sardinia to disarm in three days, the alternative being an immediate declaration of wor, making the Emperor of Austria master of the situa- tion for the time being. These three days would expire on the 24th ult,, the day after the Niagara salled. Thus, throughout the whole affair Louis Napoleon hag pretended to be peacefully disposed, while his utmost ef- forts have been directed to precipitate a war, and the acme of his fondest anticipations must have been crowned by the news that Austria was placed in the position of committing the first overt act. Among all the preliminaries of the coming contest, France and Austria—Napoleon and Francis Joseph—have never misunderstood cach other, Both have pursued their warlike preparations and peaceful negotiations at the same time—the one as an aggressor, the othe ade fender. »Austria is well fortitied, but has the unpopular side of the difficulty. France is well prepared and aided by the legions of suffering Italy, while the ambition of Na- poleon III. to carry out his idea of his great uncle’s aim seems to insure a long and bloody contest. Sardinia may bave to yield to the first flush of Austrian onslaught, and perhape retreat upon Alessandria and Genoa until the Freneh reinforcements can come up, and ‘‘ then comes the tug of war.” By the next mail I will send you a word or two on Sir Gore Ouseley’s mission. I suppose you are aware it isa fort of a fizzle? VICTOR EMMANUEL KING OF ITALY. [From the Piccolo Corriere d’Italia, of Turin, April 18.] Austria insists tbat Piedmont shall disarm; Piedmont replies that it is not for her to disarm while Austria on all sides surrounds and menaces ber, while she is not to take part in the Congrees, and resolutely declares that she will pot compound (traniige) with dishonor. Praise eternal to Victor Emanuei, to the government, to the Piedmontese people, sword and shield of Italy! m that reply may pro- ceed either a Congress without disarming, or an imme- diate war. The House of Savoy and Piedmont have done and will do their duty. Victor Emanuel heard the cry of suffering of,the nations oppreseed by native and foreign tyrents, and no longer reokoned the numbers of the enemy; he confides in the valor of his army, in the co ‘operation of all Italy, in the material and moral assistance of his powerful allies, in the sympathy of all the free nations of Europe. Eternal infamy to the Italian province or city that should hesitate to reply to the noble and august voice which perhaps in a few days will summon the nation to the recovery of ita independence! Let our Jrimnds stand ready and prepared! Let cur war ery be “ Haly and Victor Emmanuel, King Dictator!” MOVEMENTS OF FRENCH TROOPS. {Paris (April 20) correspondence of London Herald } Butters are evidently coming to a crisis. Lyons bas been definitively selected as the place d’armes for the expeditionary army, The division of General Bourbaki, quartered at Beeangon, has been ordered to Lyens, where it will form 1 sixth division. The tirst brigade, com. mended by General Trochu, consists of the 18th battalion of Chasseurs a-Pied and the ith and 14th Regiments of the Line; the second brigade, commanded by Gencral Ducror, consists of the 46th and 49th Regiments. A seventh division is alao to be formed at Lyons with the 83d, 78th, 34th, and 37th Foot, at prerent quartered at Marseilles and Toulon, and a regiment of: Zouaves, which is daily expected from Algiers. General Renault's di- vision was ordered on Monday to commence ita march to the frontier, The 8th battalion of Chasseurs, which formed the van, had preceded about six miles, when a meseenger was despatched to recall it, but their depar- ture (says the Courricr de Lyons of yesterday) took place in the night by rail. The whole of’ the division, with its artillery, is to be sent to its destination by railway, The Blan appears lo Ue to concentrate a large mass of troops at Lyons, whence they shalt dererge towards the frontier, #0 as to be enabled to penetrate into Italy by the two sides at once. ‘The 8let Regiment of the Line arrived at Paris to. day from Roven; the 8th Horse Chagacurs are expected in a few days. A portion of the artillery quartered at Vincennes have received the new rifled ordoance, By tho time the nego- tintious preparatory to the Congress are over the whole of the 17th Regiment of Artillery will have received this ew weapon. Were hostilities to break out in a day or two, while this reorganisation is taking place, it would, in the opinion of military men here, be decidedly awkward, A great many batteries have replaced their old guns in Store, aud have not yet received the new ones, I mentioned some time ago that an army was about to bo collected along the Khine frontier. Numerous cavairy regiments have already begun their march thither. Toe Tenth regiment of ‘Cuirassiers on {ts arrival at Le Mans, three or four days ago, where, according to the rule of French garrigons, it would have spent two years, received orcers to hurry acroes the country to Sarregue moines. Le Mavs is rather to the northwest of Tours; Sar- reguemines ig on the frontier of Rhenish Prussia. A regi- ment of Hustars has been ordered to proceed, by forcad marches, from Tours to Graese, cloge 10 the Picdmonteso frontier.” Quarters are being prepared for troops ail aloug the frontier, from Strasbourg w Thisville, and French engi: neers are hovering suspiciously about the Deutechen freien Rhein, and particularly about the bridge of Kehl. It 1 asverted that the First regiment of the Foroiga Legion has not landed in Corsica, but remains on board ship in Ajaccio harbor only « few ‘hours’ aail from Genoa, whither they might goon be summoned by a despatch. ‘The two regiments of Carabincers who had been quar- tered at Versailles sinco 1848, loft to day for Strasbourg and Mulhausen. Milivary men tll me this is very signifi: cant. The Carabincers are the beavicet cavalry in toe French army, French Commiesieriat and Intendance officers have joined the Piecmontese staff, by permission, to teach them how those departments are to be organized, Tao Piedmontere commitvariat in 1848 was alfnoat as bad as ours jn the Crimea, and was, relatively, quite as expen- sive. ‘Independance Belge capital mot, aseribed to the tine 1b purports ane ‘answer ean applicant for a command:—'* Ve vous pas; hid pour veut mime pour mot.”? ‘Poul pvom the Gazette de Lyons, April 19.) General Renault's division, which some days ago took , haa received orders and ia cantonments, of riflemen of that division having been leave for Vienna and Grenoble (these places road 10 the Italian Alpe), set out at midday; marched about four miles it was 4 re. ordered to are on the but when it and took up ® position im the Cours be ready to leave auew, time railway. The in the night, or early in the departure was to take place morning. It ia said that all the divis! artillery, is to go by railway to Grenoble. it) ares ae Pisced in the camp of Sathonay by the 5th division, from Africa, the first detachments of which, consisting of a bat- talion of the 46th, have arrived in our city. ‘anelated for the Nsw Yorx Herat from the P, ante et 9 (April 18) of the Independance Bales ‘The preparations for war bave never been more active than within afew days. General Trochu has left Paris to take command of his brigade on the frontier of Savoy. The recruiting on account of Rome and Naples is going on very actively. Only Catholics are enlisted, They go to Italy throu, rol. id nny Panis, April 19, 1859. Two cfficers of cavalry have gone to Tunis to buy horses for our cavalry. It ia eaid that the Emperor ie very bury on a project of revolving capnons, of an entirely new construction, Paris, April 20, 1859. To-day at two o’clock 1,800 infantry men, 100 horses, snd 60 dragoons, arrived by a special train from Rouen, at the Western Railroad depot. The Secretary of the Navy has also given orders to mount eighteen gunboats instead of twelve. Since yesterday an extraordinary animation prevails in the departments of the Secretary of War and that of the Navy. The fulfilment of the orders in reiation to tre movements of troops and their organization is pressed with the greatest activity. Tnose meagures are justified by the prevailing fears of a military or revolutionary out- break. Accordiog to the ‘st news from Turin, the Sar- dinian government is, it is said, no longer able w restrain the movement; snd ‘if, in consequence of the adhezion of Anstria to the peaceful propositions of France, the meeting of the Congress became a positive fast, an insur. rection is to be feared in Piedmont, and the disarmisg, if agreed to by the government, would at least become {m. ogaible. 4 In fact, the master of the situation would no longer be M. de Cavour, but Garibaldi; and the Piedmontese army might Lave to face the volunteers representing the revolutionary spirit aud the cauge of Italian inde- pendence. If, on the contrary, Austria refuges to make the conces- sions demanded by all the otber Powers, the phases of pegotiation being at an end, ehe might signify and accom- papy her refusa! with the invasion of Piedmont and the march of ber troops on Turin. The truth is that those whe have organized the revolu- tiopary movement in Italy are undoubtedly going to fiad themeelvee powerlees to lead, restrain or stop it; and the Couble edged blade will wound, whatever may occur, the imprudent and rash hand that wished to draw it in anuo seagonable manner; for if it now seeks to return it to the shestb, France will exclaim reculade, and Italy traktson. If, on the contrary, it uses the sword for its own ambi- tion, 1t will become powerless and paralyzed by the re- probation of confederated Europe, which only aspires t> quiet, tranquility and peace, MILITARY ENTHUSIASM AND WAR SCENES IN GENOA. [Genoa (April 19) correspondence of Loudon News.} I bave been moving along with the tide which bears to Piedmont the champions of Italian emancipation. I saw at Spezia, on Saturday last, titteen of the Duke of Mode- ‘Ba’s chasreurs, who bad crossed the frovtier at Santo Ste- fano, with their arms and accoutrements, and were pro- menading the quays and streets of that little gay ses bathing town. These are some of the heroes by the aid of which the Duke of Modena hopes to arrest the march of the Piedmonteze along the Val di Magra, at his owa narrow poss of Aulla. Their sky biue uniform, the colors of tht house of Este, contrasted rather oddly with the deep blue tunica of the Sardinian bersag Vari, with whom the new comers were fraternising and lovingly walking arm inarm. At Sestri and Chia- vari I fel) i with volunteers from Parma, Mantua, and even from Brescia, who bad crossed the whole duchy of Parma from the Po to the Appenines, and crossing the pase of Ceutocroci, bad come to the seashore, and were now travelling by a variety of conveyances along the Riviera, At Genoa I found the Malenchini battalion, 670 men etropg, which after forming and drilling at Leghorp,had at last come over in a steamer, and pro- ceeded to Turin. Towards evening, yesterday, two more steamers, algo from Teghorn, came to Jand, laden with several bundreds more. At four o’clock this morning, lwas fakened by the war songs of another party which had just entered the harbor with the very earliest bresk of di The Genoese have.caught enthusiam from 80 mapy adventurers going through their town. One hundred riflemen, armed with Swiss carabines, at their expenge, and mimbering the most famous shots of the tower tivo, or rifle gallery, have already been received triumphsntly at Turin, on their way to swell the ranks of Garibaidi’s Cacciateri delle Alpi, at Cuneo. This of sbarpebooters already exceed’ 4,000 combatants, and arother corps of the same strength is now forming at Acqui, which will bear the name of i degli Apenvint, and will be commanded by General Uiloa. Al these matters [ have been abie to ascertain with my own eyes; but rumor ia rife here that the students both of ita and Sienpa are expected daily; and also that two bettalions of a Neapolitan regiment, with their military band at their head, have marched acress” the an frontier, and through the ion of the French general in command at Rome bave obtained a free pa:sage, and are to embark ut Crvita Veccbia. Bands of volunteers have also left Faenzon and other towns of Romagna; they had tricolored banne?s waving before them, and were accompanied by be bar its mt all ohne People, in defiance of the Papal authorities, unable any longer to control this univer. sal levée des bouctiers. You will see by this that little less than a combined effort of ali Europe ie required to balk the Italians of their Prerent object, and to prevent an outbreak of hostilities, All this moving wall proceeds with admirable order and method, and is easily amenable to discipline under its chiefs, £0 long as it is confident that those chiefs are in ea) and will insist on having the national Italian qi ion settled by peaceful means if poesible, and other- wise by an appeal to arms. THE POPE'S ee EE FOR ITALIAN LEGIONS. eae (April 12) correspondence of London Times } a former letter I mentioned that a private circular had been ent round to the bishops to urge them to collect men to form two other legions. 1 have this day obtained a copy of the address which has been published by the Bishop of Cagli and Pergola consequent on the circular al- juded to. It ig a curiosity, and therefore I translate and send it. I understand, however, that no response has been made to the addresses of the episcopal body, though & bounty of sixty scudi hag been offered to every man en- tering the servic Likewise “another circular has been issued to the chiefs of the provinces to form two legions of Centurionl. The cffort bas hitherto proved unsuccessful, but the very name is infamous. The following is the address abovefalluded to :— rf Botany Onnc, View em is God and of the Holy poetouc See Bishop and Pergola, to the belo Fouth of both diocesses— = ellen ay ok Among the exclusive rights of royal majesty which aro callea permanent, sanctioned even by the rights of na- tions, the (oremost one is that of providing ali those means which tend to obtain or preserve the internal and external security of the empire; hence the obvious right of pub- hiehing laws imposing tribute, and invoking, when neces- tary, either a8 @ prevention or ag a remedy of evils which threaten, Lot only the good sense, and the Dounsel, and the property of subjects, but also their arms for the de- fence and support of the country. The existence of this. accoraing to the testimony of those who have written and treated of the Jaw of neture and of nations, depends on the uniformity of the will of the people with that of the sovereign. Hence it follows that good citizens are not only vound to fidelity, and affection, and love—to respect, ard voluntary obedience towards the person of the Prince, which is called sacred—to his laws and but to interpret and anticipate his authoritative desires, to listen to thens, to speak of them always with honor, to adhere to him only, as respectful children to their most gracious father. How infinitely greater are those theories, universal indeed and belonging to every country, when applied to us, who have the fortune ani the privilege of ppesessing a Pontiff for our august sove- reign? And, in fact, it is he who, from the first Catholic throne in the world, addresses you this day, through me, hot as he might e command, beloved youth, but an honor. ablo invitation, and effers you his uniform, his arms, aud the privilege to enter on a career glorious and new to you. And this is notto hasten to-join armics, to march, and ex. Pose your lives in the hostile fields of other nations, bat toremain thus nobly armed as in @ family, and to’ sar- round bis throne—not to encounter distant’ enemies, but to guard against them, or repress them, if evil minded Ppereons in the interior of the country should stir up ex. citement or Gare to approach our pacidc bigh priest from distant shores. To king and incomparable father who graciously invites, who of his sous will remain indifferent Or oppoeeo? What excuse can be brought or pretext to justify a refusal? What necd has the Italian namo a genius to exceed otbers in martial multitudes? Has not the glory cf cur youth been the pride of centuries? But, hot to speak of any other merits, and to restrict ite praises to our age, who does not know that the last conqueror of Europe called the Italian youth fighting uader his flag the Legione Fulmivante? Was not that formidable regiment, D Morte, composed of it alone, called par excellence by £0 fearful a name, not only because the dark elfigy of this merciets epemy of mortals was horribly graven upon the crest of there brave ones, but because, isguing on the plain when the remains of the army was routed or do- stroyed, the fate of the monarch or kingdom was, as it were, in their hands, who knew no alternative but vio- tory or death? And are you ot the noble sons of those great fathers, who ought never to have been born, or ever to bave dca? This moat brilliant star of the first megnitude, the Itelian youth, then oaly euffered a shameful dimaees when, under evil counsels, changing ite glorious and triumphant couree, it attempted to ele- vate ‘self and sparkle in an horizon not its own. It pernaltted ite arms to fall from its bands, or its honored ‘nsighia to be torn from iis shoulders, and shamofully turned ita back to the enemy. They went down to battle ke the improvident captains of ‘acl, spoken of re. previngly im the 6th chapter and Ist book of Macabecs, withont the authoritative command of the chief of the army. Do you kvow why? Becanse not then fighting the bauiles of the Lord, ihe remorse which arose in their for- vent ond courageous hearts either chilled or extinguished within their boroms the fire with which it ia essentially ard invariably filed, Hence it was ovident that the God of armies and of battles was not with them, aud they fought without glory, or deserted with ignominy from the varnke rauks gathered together, but not disciplined. Up, then, my dear children—anawer the appeal ol your nove reign, and with such a number and in euch force that be bimeelf, on learning it, a8 on one oocasion the wisest of virge did the generous contributors of laraci, when they Inviebed their treasures on the building and embeljish- ment of the palace and temple, may address to yoer city in another but for this par cst fy, ent ‘The exalted President of the Province, the vigilant ma gistrates, your reverend parish priests, are, as i were, #0 many trumpets for the call. If we, in point of riches, Position or other merits, cannot be compared with other Dearer or more remote cities of the Sacred Empire, we well emulate and surpass them in greatness of soul and reverence towards so great a sovereign. your names, which will be perhaps engraved upor ze—nob merely induced by the manirold advantages which that great sovereign offors you, nor by the soy which is prepared for you—put only becauso ho you—because he desires to see his uniform upon you— because up to this present time he bas honored you with the tender name of children, Hencefor' he wil call you his soldiers. Tiss, hasten to this invitation, to show by this eloquent that you regard him at more than a father, and that you will be ready to lavish like water your blood and your lives for him. ~ From our Palace, 29th March, . BONIFAZIO, Bishop of Cagli and Pergola, THE MILITARY ROADS OF ITALY, IMPORTANT POSITIONS FOR THE ARMIES—NATIONAL VOLUNTEKRS FROM ITALY TO PIEDMONT. (Pontremoli Lunigiana (April ut correspondence of ion News. I write from a place tne name of which may never have come to the of your readers, as it lies altogether out of the beaten track of English tourists. It ia, however, a place of great natural importance, and likely to be of stil Greater weight in the course of events now s If you throw a glance on paras: of Arma hes in the very heart of near) Genoa, Mulan, Venice, Rainey Sovence aan aie Now t rs Leghorn. samo’ town cf Parme Fvplie miles from the Guit ot eee ence OF seven Gut 7 and finest barbor on. the coset af") fat a aan deed in the who'e Mediterranean, Napore baa achieved the unity of Taly, or rather nexed the whole of Italy to France, an: the zhortest cut from the Mediterravean to Italy, bad connected Spezia witn Parma by means military road, somewhat in the style of Cenia and the 3implon, which went from vapa, and thence to Aulla, Tervarossa and ond 80 actors the Ageunines at the scending to Berceto and the plain at Torno’ 16 miles from Parma. This military road was nothing new in history, ag ormies had trodden it in their way from Tugeany North. Frederic Barbarossa was all but cut 0 piece With his whole bost in the narrow gorges of this ver; valley above Pontremoli; avd Charles VIE. of Franc bad also @ narrow escape through it on bis retreat fron Naples. It was, however, never a carriageable road be fore the time of Napoleon; and there was no reason why the barbor and the highway, which that enter; con queror had planned and constructed in warlike times fo military purposes, should not, after the peace, have beei made available to commercial enterprise. The port of Spezia, however, together with Genoa anc the Riviera, fell to the lot of the King of Sardinia, ¢ whore navy that harbor, lying as it did in @ corner of hi ominiona, and with only the thinnest slip of territory t back it, could be of no practicable use. Above Sarzan this province of Lunigiana, or Val di-Mogra, was parce! Jed ovt amongst so many of the sovereigns of the adjoin ing Statee different patches were 80 divided an subdivided, and so curiously dovetailed into each other that a traveller from Spezia to Parma had to crogs six o seven different frontiers, and to be plagued to death b police and custome officers at every stage. The road wa therefore forsaken by travellers, neglected by the sove reigns, and was ip such astate of dilapidation ag to b utterly impracticable for carriages not quite ten year after the fail of Napoleon. ‘The upper district of Lanigiana, or ince of Pontre moli, from the heights of La Cisa, which was the frontie of Parma, down to Villafranca, was in 1815 given to th Grand Duke of Tuscany. It was cutoff from the rest bis territory by the Garfagnana, and the duchies of Mags and Carrara, which belonged to tho Duke of Modena; an who besides shut in the lower valley by his fortress o Aulla, and other smal! estates lying between it and Sar zapa. Inthe year 1844 a bargain was atruck by the Dak of Lucca, Charles II., to whom Parma was to belong afte the death of the then reigning Maria Louisa of Austria Napoieon’s widow, by virtue of which Parma was t cede the duchy of Guastalla, on the Po, to Modena and receive in return the province of Pontremoli on the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who in his turn was add Lucca to bis dominions. This whic] was wholly to the advantage of Modena, and to detriment of Parma,as it gave up the fattest acres ij Lombardy for the hardest rocks on the wi made at the suggestion of Austria, who looked upon dena as her own inheritance, and was agreed to by P ma, owing to the light-mindedness and baseness Charles II., who was bribed by a gift of afew hun thourands of francs, wherewith to pursue hie career folly and extravagance at Lucca, until such time as might please Providence to open his way to the q of Parma. The bargain, made in 1844, came tion at the death of Maria Louisa, in 1847. events of 1848-9, Charles lll. of Parma, now m of the road to Spezia as far ag Vallafranca, repaii the Napoleonian bighway throughout his dominion and prevailed upon the Duke of Modena to do as mu: for hig own part, so that it became again possible drive a coach and four from Parma to Spezia. Duke of Modena, however, more partial to for! than to roads, whilst he built some pitifal bastions rou Aulla, 20 that the whole valley there is bristling with fo fications which might be knocked down with rotten has neglected toconstruct bridges over the torrent, 80 t pot tagad part of the road is as yet far indeed from p fection. 1 kope you will not find that I have given you all long description without reason. You know that Avi in the ex; ion of war, is making her main efforts Pavia avd Piacenza, and there is scarcely a doubt that brunt of the war will fall upon the district which lies tween the Sardinian frontier at Stradella and the adjoin! lands of Piacenza and Parma. The Piedmontese, wh Ftrong position lies between Casale on the Po, randria and Tortone, will advance on the line of Apennines £0 as to invest Piacenza, and at the time _ a French army, say of 50,000 men, embark| at Tonion, will land at Spezia, and foreing gingerbread strongholds of the Duke of Modena at Au they will march on Pontremoli, whence they may the mountains at La Cisa, and descend upon Parma Fomuovo, thus investing Piacenza on the other side. will see that the work of the firet Napoleon will be to good purposes by the third. I speak go freety of th matters, not by any means because I am in the secr either of the belligerent parties, or because I should inelmed to betray their secre:s if they were confided| me, but because the natural position of both partics their movements for the last two or three months ! Foint to the course I have thus sketched ont. inevit thou our Italian map you will sec For the rest, war seems altogether to every man in Italy, and Ta pens I could not describe to tion of these countries. From Florence to end hence to Pietra Santa and Sarzana, I heard of nothing but volunteers hastening to gainet the temptation tbem, and desert by twos and threes, till, if breaks out, hardly one of them will remain staui their colors. At Berceto, the other side of La Lombards arrived yesterday; 400 Romagnoli are exp; to-day. They have come to Parma from Lombardy Romagna, and as the Austrians have drawa a mili cordon near Piacenza go that it is no Py ble to cross that frontier, they trayel sgcross mountains to Berceto and Borgetaro, and hy across the pass of Cento Croci, a .mule path, Varese and Chiavari, in the Sardinian terri Amomgst the Lombards were two or three Hun; deeerters, who stated that a rumor was spread 0 their brethren in Lombardy that Kossuth is no: pen, 80 that the greatest ferment reigns amongst ‘oops. From Pontremoli, as Iam assured, no lees than have joined the Piedmontese ranks: more than one fand from the various parts of the duchy of Parma. bewildered government of the Duchess has been to look over the departure of those volunteers hindrance. It is now compelled equally to suff volunteers of other States to go through its territ without molestation on its part. It is very avi government has lost all its force here, ag in Tuscany] that the prevailing order is only owing to the wisdoa moderation of the leaders of the movement, and to tb mirable temper of the people, (Translated for the New York Herat, from the pendance of running awa: (April 18) correspondence of the Inde Be Jn Italy the excitement is groator than ever. The {rian 40 not think of abandoning the Legations;| have just landed a large number ‘at Ancona, ug there were no lodgings for them in the cipality has received notice that they take Jocgings in the churches. ‘This has produced a fation on the minds of those eminently religious P tions, [From Le Nord of Brussels, April 19. All the rods leading to Ttaly from Austrig ae co with military transports, and are monopolized for g tervice. The whole second division of the army ia g join the Army of Italy. it is said that three new fhold tbale are soma te be appointed: Arshduke Albert, aad Hees and de Wiupfen, Whatever the Gait, ; say ,aeserting that the mission of Archduke Albert to will bave for results the co-operation of the whole off beeen Sica bs Austria, that mission see| have no other aim than to gound the intentions of p in the case. of rar in Italy. £ ° e eb jenna seems now p tion from Rusia; it had at first weiss Wilam, was to goto St Patersbese sik goer am, was to goto St. Petersburg wi bd enin = Afchdake Penge fs bet = unt Karolgi, who ‘en cailod from Copen telegraph, has just started for Russia trusted extjaarloary panei " a erman Dict, in its sitting of Tow B very. Dury. on miliary ur, and. partatae proporals special committee f fe Pecroesin ot ‘cd ce for the defence| THE LATE OUTBREAK IN THE UNIVE! OF BOLOGNA, [From the Opiniove of Turin.) _ On the 12th M. Ferranti, profeseor of Civil Law, 4 livered a lecture on the political administration or leon I., which was much applauded. On the 138h] ing known that his subject would be Napoleon If lecture room was crowded at an early hour; bu the yrefesior a major entered, who announced would not take place. At the same time a file of gen tearched in, and the public were summoned to len} ime At this, ® voice from mong the studes you t be turned out; respectable place.” Resistance being offered, the ueed their arms; three students were severely and several others slightly. Professors Sant fleri and Ferranti interposed to prevent furtho chief, and subsequently a protest was addressed Profersors of the University to the superior anth It \e stated that a deputation of the students afte waited on the Marquis Pepoli, a relation of the Km the French, to solicit his interference in thoir beh: THE LONDON MONEY MARKET THR 2. LOANS AND EFFECTS OF [From the London Nows, A) During the last two or three weeks