The New York Herald Newspaper, February 13, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES G DON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. mail will be at the TERMS, cush in atvance, Money sent by mat! wf be atte risk of the sender, Postage stamps not Tie DAILY HERALD, two conta per BT per annum. THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Riturdaty, nix cont an Edition every Wen . OF $8 per annum; the Buropes State fe epee Bier ane aay mete eu pa US Fed the Continent, to include postage; the Gaifornia Eitton on the ik and 20h af each month, at eke cents OF annum. * Ta AML HAL D, every Wednesday, at four cents per WoL UNFARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing importan neve, solicited from any quarter of the ‘world; if wsed, will be Bherally paid for. Rg- UCR FOREIGN COMRESVONDENTS 44m Paarmoucer:e Requestep To Skat ali. LETTERS AND PACK- 4 O50 NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence, We do not naiontions, return ected con ‘ ¥ iS INTS renewed every day: advertisements ine ia and European Editions. JOB PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness and de- epatch. AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.—ViLLacens—AVEN- Gen—Kiss ww tus Dark. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Cricus PERFORMANCES ‘Teawep Horses, MuLes, £0. BOWERY THKATRE, Bowery.—Ci0, THE ARMORER OF Tyee—Eror Boy—Tuxw BURTON'S NEW THEATRE, Broadway—Oun Femare Amenican CousiIn—Kixg'? G anpenen, WALLACR'S THEATRE, Broadway—Tue Veteran ; on, FRANCE AND ALGERIA. LAURA KRENE'S THEATRE, No, 624 Broadway.—Ovur AmepnicaN Cousin—Littie Savace. BARNUM'’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, ‘noon and Evening~Neoxo MinsthEL Broadway.— After CuRrositins, ko. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING. 551 and 563 Broadway— Bruiorian Soncs, Daxors, &¢ —Mysrw Sraita MINSTRELS, Mb 0 SONGS AND BURLESGU ‘The News, We have important news from Mexico. Phdicated the Presidency on the % Siramon. The latter, immedi power, arrested all the poli ty Robles, turned adrift » partin the deposition of Z forced loan ordered by Roble: menced preparations to mar tionalists at Vera Cruz with men. Meantime, it i threatening the gand troops. 4 government had eu French and English squadr was to be restored forthwi proceeds of which is secu Vrance. American inst their poedings. Neither the steamer Indian nor the Americ respectively at Portland and Halifa from Europe, bad been heard of up to | Two weeks later news from Paraguay n received. The government organ continued the publication of spirited arti med sistance to the forces of tt opinion that the question Giplomacy still prevailed republics. Another State is added to the « Nouse of Representatives yesterd mated debate, passed the admission of Oregon into the from the Senate, by a vote of ® bill from the Post Office contracts for carrying the m States and European ports, n occurred in the Senate Our reports of the proceedings o yesterday are interesting. Sena clared that during the existence of vestigating Committee money had been offered to al nt himself from the nmittee, and he prepared to prove the fact at the proper time. Let us have the proof, by all meus. ‘The nativity table gives in rxcept | day Toft Ftates, $1 of Ireland, 37 of Germany, 7 6 of Scotland, aud the balance of various for countries. The re commander, cruise for the port for hundred passengers and upwards of two hundred thousand dollars in specie. Pour ser ed ccurring to persons employed o: Park. We are requested to state that e of these caves were the persons injured in the employ- | ment of the Perk Commissioners. No one has | Killed or badly wounded from the blasting for the | Park since the commencement of the work, We learn from the report of the City Iaspector | that there were past week—an increase of 22 aa compared with th mortality of the week previous, and two more tha occurred during the corresponding week in 185 Of the whole number of deaths 161 were cd diseases of the lungs, throat, &c- 24 compared with the week ~ were of children five years of age and unde The following table shows the number of ¢ for the past two weeks among adults and chi distinguishing the sexes:— Men. Women. Boys, Girls. Total. Week ending Feb. &....81 60 «135 127423 Week ending Feb. 12...93 80 168 14 445 Among the principal causes of death were the following: Drseases Feb. 12, Bronchitis 5 Consumption . 80 Donvulsions ( BT Dropay in the 17 Inflammation of the bowels... 7 Tnflammation of the lungs, ‘ 40 Inflammation of the brain..... 16 Marasinus (infantile) 13 Bearlet fever. fies ’ 21 There were also 4 deaths of bleeding of the lungs, 11 of congestion of the brain, 5 of congestion of the lungs, 12 of croup, 8 of debility (infantile), 5 of | diarrhoea, 5 of crysipelas, 8 of disease of the 6 of hooping cough, 6 premature births, 3) horn, and 12 from violent cides, 2 murders, and 4 annexed table shows wh system bave been most affe uses, inclu d or sca Diseases Bones, joints, &e Brain aud nerves... Generative organs... Heart and blood vessels. . u Tangs, throat, &e.....005, 161 ole parc 5 in, &0., ant 30 Bullborn and premature bir 43 Stomach, bowels and 50 Uncertain ecat aud 3: Urinary organs... i ‘Total 423 445 ‘The number of deaths, compared with the cor- responding wecks in 1857 and 1858, was as fol Jowa:— ‘Week onding Fe. 14, 1867, ‘Week onding Feb. 13, 1368, Weeic ending Feb. 6, 1859". Weok ending Web, 12, 1859,. In the General Sessions yesterday Catherine McGovern pleaded guilty to. an attemptat grand lar- ceny, having stolen $59 worth of clothing. She was sent to the penitentiary for one year. John Gans, respectable looking man, against whom were two indictments for larceny, pleaded guilty. He stole $550 worth of diamond rings and breastpins from Adolphus Woolf. The Recorder sentenced him to imprisonment in the State prison for three years and six months. Judgment was suspended im the ease of George H. Cleaveland, indicted for forging hin employer's name to a due bill for $11, on condition that his friends send him out of tho country, which they agreed to do. Essi Kerrigan +438 | a few y | paying pec 45 deaths in the city during the | | tion thus commer NEW YORK pleaded guilty to assault and battery, and was sent to the city prison for thirty days. | The gales of cotton yesterday were confined to about 500 a 600 bales. Dealers were more disposed to await the | receipt of later foreign news from Europe. We continue to quote middling uplands at 114c. a 113/c., the latter ty ure, however, being more or less nominal. Holders were 0 t offering any fine cottons of moment. Flour was fi) mer, and closed at an advance of 6c. a 10c., and in some | ves rather more, with a fair demand for domestic con- sumption and specu’ation, Wheat was held above the views of buyers, which checked sales. The transactions made were at steady prices, Corn was unchanged, and sales limited, Jork was firmer, with sales of new mess at $15 50 a $18 6234, old do. $18 12}{,and prime at $13 6234 a $13 75. Sugars were quict and sales limited, thongh at steady prices, Coffee was inactive, and sales trifling. Froight engagements were moderate and rates unchanged. he tea gale held yesterday drew a good and spirited company, and the whole catalogue was pretty well sold out, and at an advance for both the green and blacks over previous sales Revolution and Reform—The Administra- tion and the Democracy. Revolution is the order of the day—the para- mount idea of the civilized world. It underlies the continent of Europe like a slumbering vol- cano; it overshadows these United States like a heavy cloud. Our whole political system—fede- ral, State and corporation governments inclu- sive—has fallen under the control of rapacious, reckless ard shameless spoilsmenu. On every side and in every shape our public debts are accumulating, and the taxgatherer follows close in the wake of the public plunderer for addi- tional contributions. This state of things cannot | much longer continue. We must have a sweep- | ing revolution inaugurated at Washington or among the body of the people, or the insatiable harpies who have fixed themselves upon the spoils, and who have thus assumed the control of all our public affairs, will be competent, within ars, to reduce this country to something even worse than the frightful anarchy of Mexico. The picture of the existing state of affairs in hington, as drawn by a correspondent of the other day, is full of the elements of “AIL business is at a dead lock. Every ‘om the Cabinet down to the smallest pub- tide waiter in the country, seems to be en- d either in Presidential prospecting for or in securing for himself a portion of The President stands almost alone, xed how to carry on the govern- ve the treasury, and “to preserve atus of the country.” This is the (L we agree with our correspondent in hat it bits a state of corrup- » which call imperatively for sh of reform, beginning with a of the Cabinet, and following up work with a new set of federal subordinates in every department at Washington, and in every custom house, post office, &c., through- out the Union, where discipline, reform and economy may demand a change. n policy laid down in his last-an- mess Mr. Buchanan has evidently ached the e of the American people, as he~ tartled the maritime States of Europe. Bat ld, dashing and comprehensive coup d'etat in W ortalizi ihistration at home and abroad, Tt would save the country from those hungry President making and lobby jobbing vul- tures that are eating out the vitals of the go- vernment. It would substantially accomplish | that great work of revolution and reform which the country so much needs, and which the tax- le 80 heartily desire. really demands this coup d’état, and Thee | the oceasion is eminently favorable for striking the blow. Reduced to an indescribable medley of sectio d cliques, the democratic party is now but an incubus upon the Administration, and thus the President stands perfectly free for the exercise of the largest discretion of reform. Ie may command the best talents and services of the best men of all parties in the re- construction of the executive machinery of the ut, and if the wrangling democracy andoned his administration, why should he not abandon them to their fate, and give them a decisive touch of the masterly coup of Louis Napoleon ? There many astounding federal defalca- ants, extortions and spoliations an Buren’s loose and ill-regulated tion. These can never be forgotten. «] commencement of the party corrap- liations of this day was with the stupendous Iphin and Gardner swindles | under the Clayton Cabinet and Fillmore’s ad- tion, aud the still more stupendous lobby lized poor Pierce’s dynasty, in ilroad land grants, patent schemes The work of party demoraliza- nced was carried to the very e democratic shipwreck with that terrible Presidential experiment, the Kan- eas-Nebraska bill. From this fatal disaster the democratic party was saved by the saving popu- Javity of Mr. Buchanan. We owes the party mut the party owes him its rescue from xtermination. Therefore, if the party now has become incompetent to help him or to hurt him, it is clearly Lis policy to reorganize his administration upon the basis of anew set of men and a new party, identified in action and | sentiment with the policy of the administration | out and out. In the revolution of reform we have thus indi- | cated we have no doubt that the President could j ent down the annual estimates of bis present id fat contr verge of a comp’ | Secretaries to the extent of fifteen, and perhaps even twenty millions a year. A reconstruction of the Cabinet and a reconstruction of the Executive departments, including the discharge of about one-third of their superfluous and incompetent clerks, (mere loafers about the Washington bar- rooms and faro banks,) would be a good bogin- ning, Next the appointment of competent clerks | (one-third less than the number of clerks of all | sorts now employed) in the departments at Wash- | ington, and in custom houses and post offices, | &c., would afford a fine margin for retrenchment, | and allow, at the same time, a good margin for | an increased compensation to the force employ- ed, But some millions of retrenchments and re- | forms could be made in the army and navy con tracts for supplies, transportation, &c., in- cluding such tremendous operations as the Mormon war and the Oregon Indian war con- tracts, which, of themselves, as reported, for a single year, are equal, in their demands upon the treasury, to the whole yearly expenses of the administration of John Quincy Adams. We have plenty of democratic caucuses and beautiful theories and calculations for the relicf of the treasury, by providing it with larger receipts and by reducing its expenditures. We apprehend, however, that | the party and all parties ia Congress are hope- lessly broken up, and that the session will close without any satisfactory financial means or mea- sures to fill up the interval to next December, » In this event the President will, of course, call HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1859. Sana enmeeeeneneennn nee eeecneeesaceemec a emeneneannnmnenenmmmaat memmeenmmnemeienseenae hemmaanesmaan daniels Aaa IRAE Ril 9 oe eee est good of the greatest number thereby consti- | Sunday Drunkenness and Crime ta New | week. Ani even ow Sunday they commit more an extraordinary seseion of the new Congress; and, to make bis recommendations thereto con- vineing and efficient, let him occupy bis inter- mediate time in the reconstruction of his Cabinct and the whole personnel under his Executive authority, from Waehington to every extremity of the Union. In a word, as the corrupt, dis cordant and disbanded democracy are no longer materials are abundant, the crisis demands the experiment, and the country will support it. European Fears of American Deca: Science In the Old World and in the New. The European journals have become sadly alarmed at the social and moral condition of the United States, and seem to entertain a general fear that we are going headlong to the devil. Many of them are so much exercised at this that they are constantly filling their co- lumns with homilies upon our public morals; and each picks out some little flaw in our con- duct which does not square with its particular notions of right and wrong, and straightway de- duces that there is no salvation for us. The objects at which these cavillers at Ameri- can civilization carp are little inequalities and specks upon the great web of our society, like those which may be found upon every piece of cloth when it comes fresh from the loom. They do not affect its strength of fibre or its dura- bility in service, though they may diminish its market value in the eyes of those courtly popin- jays who find utility and delight only in tinsel and gloss. Social science takes a more compre- hensive view, and draws therefrom higher gene- ralizations; and there is much in a comparison ofthe relative conditions of American and Eu- ropeun society that would be instructive to the wiseacres of Europe if they dared to look uponit. Let us look ata few of the contrasts they present. The superficial arecs of Europe and the United States are not very dissimilar, that of the former being about 3,750,000 square miles, divided among fifty-five States and Territo- ries, and that of the latter being about 3,300,000 square miles, divided among forty-one States and Territories. But here the similarity ceases. Europe is a great peninsula of itself, which is further divided into a number of smaller penin- sulas and islands, on each of which one or more isolated, or almost isolated, kingdoms have been erected. Thus, on the throat of the great penin- sula which juts out westward from Southern Eu- rope, stand Austria, Prussia and the German Principali ies; from these, Denmark on the north, France on the west, and Italy and Turkey on the south, extend, with seas separating them from each other. Spain and Portugal occupy the African extension of the French peninsula, Sweden and Norway overhang the north of Eu- rope between the Baltic and the North Sea, and Great Britain and a number of smaller Pow- ers stand upon islands. On these isolated portions of the earth two hundred and seventy-‘ve millions of civilized people reside, maintaining three millions of armed men in a time of peace, with which to keep order at home and menace each other abroad. Power is wielded by a series of intermarried and degenerate fami- lies, whose sway is maintained by the repression of intellect, restriction of individual thought and action, and a studied teaching of the fallacy that men are to be valued according to the accident of their birth, and not according to their indivi- dual ability to promote the good of the commu- nity. Barriers to the intercourse of mankind have been built up on every side, under the most specious pretexts of national good, and men everywhere have been sedulously taught tha’ they must hate and oppose each other. Amid this untoward state of affairs social science has sprung up, and is gradually tearing down the hindrances which error bas erected between man and man in Europe; and the tendency of all en lightened legislation of the present day is simply to destroy and remove the protecting fallacies of the past. 4 On the other hand, we have scattered over the same area in the United States barely thirty mil- lions of people, without asoldier among them to keep order at home or tomenace each other; and with only about eighteen thousand troops seat- tered along a line of five thousand miles of frontier, to protect the advancing waves of civilization from the savage. These thirty millions of men are busily engaged in developing the resources of nature, and particularly in opening new raytes and greater facilities for intercourse with each other, They are self-governed; and among them thought and speech are free, intellect and indi- vidual action are untrammelled, and every man finds his level in the community according to the exercise of his individual ability and the value of his labors to society. Social science, having no fabric of a barbarous age to pull down, is busily engaged in developing the intellectual and phy- sical powers of man, and here he exhibits to wondering Enrope a prosperity and rapidity of progress that knows no parallel. It is this free working of the American intel- lect that the European observer cannot compre- hend; and, as he does not understand it, he trem- bles before it, Everywhere it is bubbling up, gushing out and boiling over. Each individual man is a propagandist, and strives to become an apostle ora hero. Tie asserts bis thought with all the zeal of an enthusiast; others catch it up and present it in a thousand ways of which the origi- nator never dreamed; men wrangle and contend over abstractions as though the whole world depended upon their being reduced to practice; and yet all this chaos of discus sion gecthes down into the most harmoni- ous practical working. The multitudinous thoughts of millions of active, energetic, prac- tical and impractical minds, are brought to the threshing floor of public discussion, where they are turned and winnowed, and each individual of the community picks oat silently the grains of wheat that he can apply in his owe business, leaving the chaff to follow the wind where it listeth, Thns it is that among us red republican- ism shouts at every corner its wildest theories, while democracy proves iteclf to be the most con- servative of governments, Infidelity preaches ita tenets unrestrained, and religion stands forth more pure, ond with a stronger hold upon the hearts of men. Everywhere the law is reviled, and yet nowhere is there a more Jaw abiding peo- ple. On all sides those who govern are accused of the most outrageous abuses, and yet nowhere is government more religiously administered for the general good. The press, the pulpit, the bar, the senate and the hustings, all teem with the novelties of innovations of intellect, and each innovator strives to impress his views upon the community with the zealand conrage that belong to selfconviction. This intellectual freedom con- stitutes the motive power of our material de- velopement, and the stability of our social fabric, Each individual, left free to choose, adopte'that which constitutes bis own welfare, and the groat- tutes our practical advance in the paths of pro- The crown-paid journalists of Europe need not be alarmed at their own ratiocinations of our de- cay. We require no vast armies to keep us in subjection at home, nor paternal governments to tell us how to choose between right and wrong. worth looking after, let the President begin the | When the European intellect has the same freo- important work of organizing a new party. The | dom of action that the American has, it will do as much as we are doing in behalf of the mate- rial developement and social character of man. And until it bas that, European writers who never come among us to study the practical workings of our people will not be able to com- prehend the progress and stability of American society. They will always be led astray by the free ebullitions of intellect, aud never know what of our theorized innovations we put in practice and what we discard. Daylight in the Central American Imbroglio and Transit Route Intrlgues—A Word ot Advice to the Commodores, The ratification of the Cass-Yrisarri treaty will be a matter of congratulation to all who ake an interest in the developement of our Pa- cific empire, and who desire to see an end put to the constant annoyances that have attended the Central American imbroglio, as well as the strifes between the Commodores for exclusive privileges to open or shut the transit routes. We learn from Nicaragua that this auspicious event was brought about in no small degree by the position taken with that government by the British Minister, Sir Wm. Gore Ouseley. He informed President Martinez that he could make no treaty with Nicaragua until her differences with the United States were settled, and that then he should be ready to treat on the basis of her arrangements with us. This unexpected step took Martinez by surprise. He had imagined that the Powers of Western Europe were engaged in some such attempt to put down President Buchanan as he himself had been en- gaged in in putting down William Walker, and that they would rcedily assume the pro- tection of his little State. When he found his mistake, and learned the truth of what General Jerez wrote him from here after he had had his eyessopened by occular inspection of this country, that the United States constituted a very different Power feom anything that he had previously imagined, he threw his Belly visions overboard, and at once signed the treaty. For this sudden change in affairs we are in- debted to the good faith of Great Britain in part, and to the fact that some of our men-of-war have recently been seen in the Pacific ports of Nicaragua. Both of these circumstances evince the wisdom of the policy pursued by Mr. Bu- chanan ; and we doubt not that the happy solu- tion which has been attained will not only satisfy all the present exigencics of our increasing trade with the Pacific, but that it will go, in conjunc- tion with the Paraguay movement, to show the changeful governments of Spanish-America that the United States has established her American policy and will carry it out. It will be well for Gen. Jerez, now that his mission at Washington is opened for work, to bear this in mind, and not to forget that the American government compre- hends the great necessity which impels this coun- try to open every possible route for trade and travel between the Atlantic and Pacific States. In this view, therefore, petty quibbles on transit privilege grants by Nicaragua are not only beneath its dignity, but udverse to the great popular interests concerned. A speculation involving a few thousand dollars may be something great for Nicaragua, but it is not entitled to consideration hy a government like that of the United States, and should not be recognized as an obstacle to prevent the opening of the Nicaragua route to peaceful commerce. We doubt not that Gen. Jerez will comprehend the full extent of our meaning. When the Cass-Yrisarri treaty was first made, parties interested in keeping the Nicaragua route closed if they could not control it, continually asserted that the treaty had a rider whose private interests were promoted by it. This fulse asser- tion, so often and so loudly repeated, had refe- rence to the eighteenth article of the treaty— which will be found in another column—which guarantees the protection of all existing valid rights and privileges held by American citizens. | In making this treaty, as in making any other, Gen. Cass would have been wanting to his duty to his countrymen, and asa public officer, had he not provided for the protection of all valid American rights ; and so far as regards there being a rider on the treaty, if any person has valid rights in a contract with the government of Nicaragua, he was as much entitled to the protection of his government before the treaty was made asnow; and the treaty gives no pro- tection to any rights claimed which are not valid in justice. ‘We hope that the question of the existence of a privilege to open the Nicaragua transit route will now be settled at an early day, and that the route will be at once opened to travel. There has been a monstrous deal of lying and cheating about all these transit routes, and some of the proprictors seem to have been possessed of an idea that the only way to take care of their own | business properly was to interfere with and abuse that of other people. Daylight is begin- ning to appear in this transit route imbroglio, thanks to Mr. Buchanan; and we now advise | each and all of the transit route men to mind their own business, and to make more money than their rivals by giving better service to the public, There is room and work enough for all, if each will attend to his own. Tue Tantrr—A Vorwr rrom Sovrn Caro- LtyA.—-The Charleston Mercury, upon the question of a protective tariff, says:—‘ We trust that the members of Congress from the South will stand firm, and will rule out of all political or party association every man and any wing which may join the black republicans in this flagrant device of sectional plunder.’ The same warning anthority further remarks that, “ already Southern Presidential aspirants, with their re- tainers and followers, have sought to sustain and keep in affiliation the traitor Douglas and his Northern clan, but that, protective tariff? men in- cluded, “we trust the State Rights men in Con- grees will repudiate such allies, and purge the party of their corrupting presence and associa- tion.” This demand for mere “purging,” when the party has already been purged to the verge of the grave, isa very severe one. The party wauts a tonic, Cuba will do; and even an incidental protective revenue tariff! may strengthen the backbone of the party. In de- fault of these specifics, it must be turned over to the undertaker. We agree with our Charleston cotemporary, however, upon the main point— that when the party has ceased to be true to its principles, whatever they may be, il were better that it ceased to exist. } York—The Cause and the Cure. A pamphlet bas just been issued by the “Sabbath Committee” which professes to fur nisi, for the first time, accurate informa- tion as to the extent of the Sunday liquer traffie and the crime - which springs f om it in this metropolis. It appears from the 8 titics of this document, taken from official data, that there are 7,779 places where liquors sve old in the city, of which only 72 have li- cense from the Excise Commissioners, and that 5.186 houses continue their business on Sunday, in violation of State and city statutes; and it is estimated that at least the sum of $1,348,360 is expended in the grogshops on the fifty-two Sun- days of the year. It further appears that of the 27,845 commitments to prison in 1857, no less a proportion than 23,817 of these, or about 6 out of every 7, were of persons of “intemperate habits;” of whom, again, sixty per cent were mere youths and young men between ten and thirty years of age. Lastly, another set of statistics shows that, taking seventy-six successive Sundays, the criminal arrests were 9,713; while for the same number of Tuesdays there were but 7,861— a difference of twenty-five per cent—traceable, indeed, to the Sunday grogshops, but traceable to something beyond, as we shall presently show. What are the remedies proposed by the “Sab- bath Committee” for this fearful amount of crime connected with the Sunday grogshops? The principal are: “Increase of evangelizing agencies;” “the correction of public sentiment as to Sunday profanations;” and lastly, “the enforcement of the laws against the Sunday liquor traffic.” To this we cannot help exclaim- ing, “Most lame and impotent conclusion!” The enforcement of liquor lawg and Sunday laws has been already tried in tain, and has been found only to aggravate the evil which those eu- actments were designed to cure. Our legisla- tors might have known this, if they had only known a little of human nature, or made them- selves acquainted with the operation of such laws in other countries. In England, Scotland and Ireland the most stringent enactments may be found on the statute book, enforcing what is called “the observance of the Sabbath”—that is, making it a day of gloom and nfisery. What is the consequence? Nowhere in the world, unless in the United States, is there so much drunken- ness as in the British Islands on Sunday, and every other day of the week, The same cause produces the same effect both here and there. The Pharisaical, Puritanical spirit which in Great Britain and Ireland has rendered Sunday, which ought to be devoted to recreation and pleasure, a day of sadness’ and sorrow and unnatural restraint, has been imported into this country, and blended with our laws, though wholly inconsistent with the genius of our free institutions. When people are prohibited from enjoying rational they will seek irrational indulgences, for human nature must have its relaxation in some shape or form, especially the young, who are by fur the largest class of Sunday criminals. Give youth an opportunity and a taste for other forms of amusement, and they will not frequent the bar- room either in their tender or riper years. As the twig is bent, co is the tree inclined. Drunkennees is almost unknown in Italy, Ger- many, France and Spain. Why? Because there are no Sunday laws in those countries, and the people, after divine service, enjoy themselves as they please, either at the theatre or in excursions by the railroads and steamboats, or in any other kind of outdoor amusement for which they may have either a natural or an acquired taste. These simple facts, which cannot be contra- dicted, are worth a thousand theories, and are more convincing to those who have cyes to see, ears to hear, and minds to understand, than all the Sabbath homilies of all the preachers in the United States. Itisno morea sin for men to amuse themselves on Sunday in this Protestant country than it is in the Catholic countries of the Continent of Eurppe. There, less of drunken- ness and less of crime is to be found than here. Why? Because -two-thirds of the crime in this city proceeds from drunken- ness, and more than two-thirds of the drunk- enness proceeds from the Sunday laws and the Puritanical observance of the Sabbath. There are no theatres open, no pndvlic gardens. The only places open are the grog shops; and to these the population will resort, even by stealth, when the railroads and steamboats are not suf- fered to take them to the country. In Paris there are more ways of getting out of the city on Sunday than on any other day in the week, There is less drunkenness and Jess crime in Paris than in New York, though its population is twenty-five per cent larger than ours. Tere the drunken frolic of Sunday is continued on Mon- day, and often extended for two or three days, During these sprees crimes are committed from which their perpetrators would shrink if they were perfectly sober. Then the drunkenness of Sunday leads to the general habit of drunken- ness, and that leads to every other vice and crime and misery. Open, then, the theatres and other public aniusements on Sunday, and let all the railroads and steamboats be free to convey the people to the numerous delightful spots which sur- round New York within twenty miles, and no law will be wanted to shut up the grogshops; they will be closed, because they will have little or nothing todo. The supply of rum will cease when the demand ceases, and not he- fore. Where can the population of New York go on Sundays but into the rumbholes and grog gerics? All other avenues ef tmusement and social enjoyment are closed against them by those ignorant and impudent Pharisees who pre- tend to be the delegates of the Almighty, whos: name they blaspheme. It is not His will that men should be miserable and unhappy on Sun- day, but, on the contrary, inore cheerful and joyous than on any other day of the seven, ‘This sect were rebuked by Christ himself, who, when they charged bin with Sabbath-profination for taking innocent recreation on that day in the fields, told them that “the Sabbath wes made for man, and not man for the Sabbath.” Dut they sprung up again under other designations: Round- heads in England aud Covenanters in Scotland; and they ore still in our midst. Neither in England nor here are cats any longer killed for catching mice on Sunday, nor husbands punished for kissing their wives on the Sabbath; and people now actually indulge in hot dinners on “tho Lord’s day,” and may enjoy the lnxury of a ride to church. But there is much of the spictt of fanaticism still in existence, and still more of its old forms than of its spirit; for there are twenty hypocrites for one sincere fanatic, and these men who look so deinure on the seventh day, are the most notorious in the community for scandal and slander, and lying and cheating, and robbing and stealing, and breaking almost every command- ment in the decalogue on the other six days in the sin ia secret than the poor topers of the dram- thop— A beet, whose chief devotion lice Ju odd perverse unupathivn ‘That with core care keep boly day ‘The wrong, than others the right way; Compouud for sins (hey tre inc. ned lo, By damning those they haye uo mind to, Strange, that while in England the povple are ehuking off the intolerable yoke which the tribe of medern “saints,” headed by Sir Andrew Agnew, would fasten on them for over, and re- cently even the government of ihat country, with a stauding army at its back, were unable to stop the bands of music and the assemblage of multitudes in the parks of London on Sunday, attempts are made here in the metropolis of the United States to revive the worn out and ex- ploded follies of tlie past! Cuba im the Senate—One Hundred Per Cent Discriminating Duties Against Us on Flour, Butter, Cheese and Meats. The great importance of the Cuba debate to the whole country induces us to give space to- day to the speeches of Senator Foot, of Vermont, against the bill, and of Senator Pugh, of Onio, in favor of it, Mr. Foot presented what be was pleased to call “a slight amendment,” but which, if ad- mitted in the bill, will have the effect of nullity- ing it, for all practical purposes, iu the hauds of the President. He supported his slight amend- ment by the old argument of Seward, that it proposes to take thirty millions of dollars out of an exhausted treasury; and then, following Seward strictly, he turned round and attempted to prove that Spain would not sell Cuba, and therefore the money could never be taken out of the treasury. He was evidently careful not to oppose the acquisition of Cuba, bearing in mind Seward’s axiom that it gravitates to the Union, and Hale's confession that the question of its ac- quisition is already demoralizing the republican party. Mr. Foot does not wish either that the proposition now before Congress shall be dis- cussed as if it were to obtain a practical decision on the question, do we want Cuba? He thiuks it ought to be looked at merely as a question whether the President should be trusted with a sum of money to be paid before Mr. Foot and Mr. Seward have had a chance to defeat the ac- quisition of Cuba by treaty, if possible. His speech is a very cautious one, and evidently shows that he is opposed to the acquisition of Cuba, but dare not say so. The insidious attempt of Mr. Foot to defeat the practical virtue of the bi!l, in case it should pass, was met by Mr. Pugh of Ohio, who pro- posed a substitute for Mr. Foot’s amendment, which mef all his argument, and limited the payment of the thirty millions to its expenditure on account of a treaty which shall not require ia all more than one hundred and fifty millions, This limits our offer for the islaud to that sum. Mr. Pugh supported the acquisition of Cuba in an cloquent speech, discussing the question in its political and indastrial bearings with marked ability. He demonstrated that our trade with that island was now cramped by an ingeniously © devised tariff, which establishes a discriminative duty on American products of from thirty-three to one hundred per cent against us, notwith- standing our treatics with Spain to the con- trary. He then took up consecutively the eide arguments of the opposition Senators, and conclusively demonstrated their fallacy. His speech is worthy of perusal by every man who wishes to see the natural commerce of this — country freed from the barriers that now repress it, an immense and permanent market opercd for our agricultural and manufacturing products, and a new stimulus given to the industrial mind of the country. This Cuban debate in the Senate has an inte- rest for the public mind that reaches far deeper than any question that has ever before been pre- sented to the country. Farmers and millers can appreciate the question of opening a market at our very doors that would take a million barrels of flour yearly, and now takes noae; manufac- turers have but one choice on the question of opening a market for five millions worth of printed calicoes, or of keeping it closed to them, as it now is; and the dairymen of New York and Connecticut comprehend perfectly the difference between a question of a discriminating tarilf of fifty per cent against them, and in favor of Dutch butter and cheese, and one of no duties at all on the productions of their dairies, The question of the atquisition of Cuba comes home to the daily labors of every farmhouse and workshop in the land, with an assurance of palpable hard money profit if the ieland is acquired; and the labors of the Senate on the subject have to thema far higher interest than all the abstractions in the world on free labor, squatter sovereignty and such nonsense. Tun Derences or New York Harnor—Es TIMATES FoR Murrary Purroses.—We publish in another column an interesting communication touching the defences of this harbor and the forts, recommended by General Totten to be construct- ed at different points in this vicinity. Though there is no immediate prospect of war at the pre- sent time, yet it is always well to be prepared for an emergency, and it is the opinion of emi- nent military engineers that New York is not as well defended as it should be, either in the har- bor or on the Long Island shore. The estimates for 1859-60 of appropriations for military pur- poses have been made up, and we see that they provide for the expenditure of over a quarter of 4 million upon the forts in the neighborhood of this city. The total estimate for military pur- poses is over eighteen millions, divided as fol- Jows :— RSTIMATHS OF APPROPRIATIONS For THE YuAR 1859- ‘60 POR SOLITARY PURPOSES. Army proper, &., including misce!laneous objects... $15,858,986 28 Military Acad 185,938 00 Fortifications, ord 2,166,766 00 Total....... bigs or +++4$18,010,090 28 The catimate for fortideations, distinct ‘trom ordnance, Keo., is $698,400; anit of this the amount of $255,500 is Fr'ine aekaeie ot New York, being divided as fol- river—FortSebuyler... Fort at Willott’s Point 00; ‘On Staten Island, at the Narrows-—Fort Richmond 15,000 Fort on site of Fort Tompkins, and exterior oarthen batteries connected therewith Fort Wood, on Bedioo’s Island Total estimates for defence of Now York city Rag area few other large appropriations Vite Fort Delaware, Delaware river... Fort Calhoun, Hampton Roads, Va Fort Clinch, Amelia Island, Fla, Forte in San Francisco harbor, , The balance of the estimate for fortificatiops is made up of small amounts, intended to keep the specified works in a state of repair, without progressing materially in their construction. Tue Vinaiyia Orvosrrion Stare ConvENTION— Tie OL Wine Parry Rasen rrom tHe DeaD— We publieh to-day, from our Richmond corres pondent, a pretty full report of the proceedings of the late opposition (Whig redivivus) Virginia State Convention in said city. Their nominee for Governor, Hon, William L, Goggin, olé ling