The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1859, Page 2

2 ———$ the Tuileries on New Year's day. At 113s A. M.—and * though a white fog ushered in the new year, a glorious eunsbine coon followed—the Rue Rivoli was ascene of eplendor rarely to be witnessed tu any capital, Equi- pages fresh from the hands of the fabricant, with har- ness and Kveries which for the first time saw the light, came rolling along that superb sweep by the side | fairy arches in perpetual succession, the Anglican imitations in this particular de- of those partment of taste is more happy than the last. In point | of fact, French coach builders in many respects excel their Fglish confréres. Nothing can be more perfect than the outline and general fitting up of many of the car ruges which wre Row turned out, Still the whole—horses, coachmen and footmen—is far from rivalling or even reaching (he English standard as yet. Here and there the Lorees are superb, but generally the French turnout fails in berse flesh, The cattle seldom seem up to the Weight bebind them; and instead of “playing with their as fs the case in every well appointed London equi- . the poor animals pant and sweat in a fashion which dthem, French servants, too, can never be made to pot on their clothes like Evgiish ones, and the richest liveries hang on their shoulders as if made for others. However, as | have remarked, the general scene was one ‘of surpassing splendor. ‘The fineness of the morning in- duced many of the military to walk about under the arcades, after paying their devoirs at the palace, and the richness of the varied costumes gleaming ever and anon through the ranks of civilians intently regarding the spectacle, vsing effect. Escorts of cavalry, military of Zounves in their semi-eastern garb, in t, and a foreigner could hardly have witnessed mneer more favorable auspices. Then be would cn, too, all the grand officers of the crown—the ministers, cardinals, marshals and admirals, the Grand Chancellor ot the Legion of Honor, the Governor of the valides, the officers and ladies of the households of their Majesties, and the princes and princesses of the fmperial family, all in official costume, the ladies wearing the pre- sentation court mantle or train. Tu the palace al was bustle and animation, The im- perial liveries are all new on this occasion, and the im- yerial house, like the streets and corners of the city, rings with the perpetual refrain, ‘* Une bonne année, une bonne ann Pity it ts that a cloud should come upon so rauch sunebine: but it oon bi to be whispered about that cortwn expressions had dropped from the Emperor to the Austrinn ambassador of no common import. It is customary for each representative of the foreign Powers resifent in the capital to approach the throne and offer Lad # most pi have his felieitat which are always graciously ac- cepted and reciprocated. But on Baron Hub- proach the usuai calm of the Empesor full in the and in a husky tone of voi disappeared, and looking the ambaseador face he said, with aslight tremor of the upper *, Very unusual with him, Hubner, I regret that our relations with your govern. seat are not £0 friendly as formerly, but I beg you to tell he Emperor that my personal sentiments towards him are not changed.” ‘Tae words few like lightuing through the magnificent m Every one was literally dumbfounded. Toe exc on and reserve of Napoleon's character convinced ail that this was no impfompwi, no unguarded sally or ebullition, but, coming from such a quarter, was almost equivalent toa declaration of war with Austria’ M. Hubner himself bowed very low and fell back, and a few minutes afier it was perceived that he had quitted the salon. Of course every one was ready with some explanation, and s soon as the first surprise was over each person’ you spoke to assured you he knew all about it. Te Emperor, it was said, had long been urging upen Austria the ueces: sity of reform in Italy, more especially in the dominions of the ch tbat he had sought in vain to induce Austria to join him in that object; that he had offered to withdraw the French troops from’ Rome, provided Austria would evacuate the places she held, &c., &e.; that the Emperor, Desiies, was very sore about the Scrvian qu wor 1 not admit of Austria’s interference except under the of Paris, and so forth. Que marshal, high in the perial councils, was observed to look very ominously; aod, on being told so answered, ‘Well, I feel so.”” What it all means—whether the Emperor has a mind to give one of his fatniliars a kindly turn at the Bourse, as some malicious\y suppose, or that, bona fide, ine is about to find employment for bis army in that ‘eld where his great ancestor won his first laurels—time will show. I incline myself to believe, from what I hear in well in- formed circles, that the gauntlet is already thrown down, and that the sign is ominous of serious strife. It is cer: tainly true that a war in favor of Italian independence seems, on a first view, menacing to the Napoleon dy- pasty. With the Italian notion of republicanism there can be little sympathy with Bonapartism, as practicaily ex hibited in France. But Napoleon probably may view the question as a choice of evils, and that there is greater danger in the present anomalous occupation of Frevch troops than in an armed interference for a cause which it may prove in his power to modify after a more inperial fashion. It is said, too, that Napoleon hag of late to his intimates expressed a serious misgiving that if be ever falls by the aseassin’s hand the blow will come from that Italy, which, of all countries in the world, next to France, he most desires to befriend. It is even said that bis Mayesty exhibits a nervousness on this subject enti foreign to al! his antecedents. To turn to another subject which now nearly concerns the United States—you will perceive that all the Spanish journals are unanimous in abuse of Mr. Buchanan in the matter of Cuba. The Moniteur of this morning gives at full length Marshal O’Donnell’s speech in the Chamber of Deputies, and it is said thatthe government here Lave pr vately assured him of their support in case of any attempt on the part of America to wrest Cuba from the Spaaisi dominions. It is @ pity that the Austrian ‘confusion’ bad not got toa head before Mr. Buchanan’s plain speaking for ail that is really wanted to secure the Queen of the Antilles to America is a European break up, which at pre- sent looks imminent. It is said that the Empress shows signs of increasing debility—that she becomes thinner every week, and that her coinplexion and general appearance indicate a break up, At the reception on the 24 she certainly looked dis- tressingly ill. The Emperor himself never appeared in better case. He is less stout than be was, but his counte- mance bas about ita look of health to which it bas for some time been a stranger. He constantly takes riding exercise, attended by his equeries, in the Bois de Bologne. number of foreigners visiting the capital at t is more than usually limited, and trade is ga ly season jraily dull. Pants, Jan. 6, 1859. ‘The Great Chess Match between Morphy and Am/lerssen— Mliness of the American Champion Previous to the Comtet— Generous Acknowledgements of Anderssen Afler His De Seat—Morphy Admitted tobe the Greatest Player in the World—Ridiculous Effort of Harrwits to Imstate Morphy's Frat of the Eight Blindfold Games—Epizrais of the French Wits on His Fiasco— Proposed Visit of Morphy to Berlin, de., be. Europe bas struck her colors to the young hero of the West, and the “stars and stripes” now wave over the realms of Caissa in undisputed sovereigaty. Tied off the palm of victory from the greatest 1 players in the International Tournament of 1 who vanquished Staunton in the proportion of ene—has measured swords with Paul Morpby the dust Such a career ae that of your gallant young mau is almost unparalleled in history. Unknow months since except in his native city, the iden ot ting himecif on an equality with the gr European chess was laugued at as an absurdity told “Paul Morphy is a prom! nists in America have beer mere cond and third raters;"’ ‘‘he lacks experience.” Even his own country. men disbelieved, and prophesied certain defeat from euch mon as Lowenthal and Harrwitz. What haz been the re. uli? Lowenthal succumbed in a match, winning three. games against nine; Harrwitz scores two games when Morphy is in such bodily suffering ag to be obliged to ride to the scene of action, but ie subse- quently unable to wrest a single victory from his youthful antagonist, and resigns the matob, anticipating the inevitable result; Boden wins ‘one game againat Morphy’s five; Staunton lacks the cow Tage to face his opponent, and has not dared to show his face in any chess circles since his unmanly } Last of all comes the brilliant Anderssen—the Jast and greatest of them all. Herr Anderssen, Professor of Mathematics in the G nasium of Breslau, arrived in Paris on the ber. Next morning he called on Mr. Morphy d found him ill in bed, suffering from severe inflammation, the ef fects of a European winter. Since his match with Harr witz, Paul Morphy bad forsaken chess almost entirely, finding no pleasure in beating men who were incapable ade ing themsclvos; but Andersson's appearance roused the sleeping lion, and gaye him what he termed ‘a perfect chess fever.” He told bis medical advisor that the Prus fian’s stay in Paris was limited, and that he was, there. fore, desirous of commencing the match on the following Monday (20th inst.) The doctor gave his consent, pro suming that Paul Morphy would otherwise play withou’ it, and the patient got out of bod—for the first time during nearly a fortnight—so weak that he had to be assisted into his chair. Had your countryman been in ordinary health the match would necesserily have come o' al the Café de la Régence. As it was, the contest took place in Mr. Morphy’s apartments in the Hotel Breteuil, besore a elect number of spectators, the moves being for évery half hour to the café above mentiondd, whore crowds daily watched the struggle. Among the spectators at the M. St. Amant De h of Decem uesue, Grandboulogne,, Signore Preti and Carlini, Hton dapeain Bingham, ste biadea and Bastorot, and others. Ni had the first move, and dashed of with the courage to do 60 against jumerous American gentlemen seut up their bs were of course admitted, the Evans None other than he would have had such an ablagovist a8 An derssen. But long confluement to bis bed and abstincuce at variance with the showy thing of paint and gild | ing down, NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 30, 185 from food during 60 many days had made him nervons and feverish, and bis antagouiet won, after a atraggic which lasted upwards of seven hours. Next day deresen played the Ruy Lopez opening. Those of Teaders who are unacquainted with the inysteries of must be told that this opeving has been more thorns’ abalyzed than any other, and shown to be an almo-t cor tain victory for the first player. Nevertheloss, Pas’ Mor- phy forced a draw game. The following day the yo | Louisianaian showed what he could do with the Ruy! | and Anderssen resigned on the twenty-tirst move, | hour’s play. Tbe fourth game was immediat menced, aud Anderssen again lowered bis th. | sixth and seventh gam rs inth was wou by your countr: He permitted Anderssen to capture a vishop, let. bi queen, two knights anda bishop simultanconsly en prise on the seventeenth move. The following game Anderssen scored; it lasted seventy-seven moves, and Andersson | remarked to your correspondent alterwards, “1 win my | games in seventy moves, but Mr. Morphy in tweuty; but that is only natural.’ The eleventh and last game Paul Morphy won in thirty-five moves, thos gaming tue match, the score standing finally as follows:—Morphy 7, Au derssen 2, drawn 2. Herr Anderssen is a brave and courtly adversary, and his opinion of his young conqueror was expressed’ ia a straightforward mauner to the crowd at the Gaté de la Régence. He said, ‘It is impossible for anybody to be | stronger than Mr. Morphy; be does not merely play le | (the moet proper move). If we piay the moye only p- | proximatively good we are certain to lose, All other players make mistakes; Mr. Morphy never does.” Aud im answer to the question as to which was the stronger player, Labourdonnais or Morphy, he replied that if any difference existed it was in favor of the latter. St. Amant, the contemporary of Labourd and whose name is a ‘household word’ tu o! presses a similar opinion. “ If Morphy and Labo: could play together the former might lose th games, but be would eventually be the victor.’ believes that he can give pawn and mo! player, and desines to see such a contest com with with Harrwitz, bat that gentleman has uot th courage to accept. However, To this complexion will it come at last, For Pau! Morphy has declared that he will play no more matches with any one unless accepting pawn and move from him. ‘ Eoglishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, all the Old Worl, i fine, now recognise their master in ** the great American, as the papers call him. But a solitary exception exists— an exception so fupny that I must mention it, Herr Harrwitz, laboring under the impression that Paul Mor- phy’s eight blindfold games were easy of execution, an nounced his intention of performing the same feat, and the affair came off ina private manuer in some rooms over the Cafe de ia Régence, five francs admittance being charged for each person. @ eight antagonists selected by Harrwitz were what the French call mazettes; three of | lem would receive the odds of knight from a good player, the others wou!d have hard work to win even when ac- cepting the enormous ods of rook aud kuight. So ridi- culous was the entire affair taat Herr liarrwitz has very jndiciousiy not permitted the games to become public, ‘although editing the chess department of a bighiy in’ fluential weekly newspaper. Frenchmen could not permit so laughable an occurrence to pass without making a joke upon it. Some remarkably clever squibs were got off, showing the public opMion of the frogs attempting to emulate the ox—as for instance the following: — Tu veux singer Morphy, joueur phénoménal, Jeune prosomptuchx, tu forces ta nature ! En vain ta yeux poser comme un original, ‘Ta n’es qu'une caricature. Mr. Morphy may shortly pay a flying visit to Berlin for the purpose of playing a few games with Lange, Dufresne aud Mayet. Anderssen particularly requested him so to do, | to close the meuths of the Berliners. Just before leaving Paris he said to Paul Morphy, They wou’t be pleased with me at Berlin, but shall tellthem Mr, Morphy will come bere himself.’’ Your countryman has nothi , bed gain from such a visit, for the victory over Anderssen mace bim “monarch of all he surveys,” and he will only go there for the ceremony of coronation. first few Amant SPAIN, Our Madrid Correspondence. Maprin, Dec. 24, 1858. President Buchanan's Mestage—Altack of the Marquis of Molins on O'Donnell in the Senate, and Response—The Feast of Salamanca—History of Spanish Literature, by Amador de los Rios—A Rare Old American Book in an Indian Tongue—Ceremony of the Introduction of a French Ambassador—Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception to be Erected at Madrid, dc. Some extracts from the President's message had, at the latest dates, been telegraphed from England to Madrid, and published, They are short, and relate solely to the subjects of Mexico and Cuba, A stricture on the course of Mr. Buchanan, as respects Spain, from the time of the cele- brated Conference at Ostend down to the present moment bas gone the rounds of the newspapers, with the opinion that our dignified chief magistrate is proposing to him- self a second term of service, and with the sentiment that he can in no way poseess himself of Cuba at so cheap a rate and so soon as by taking it. The power with which it is believed the new American Minister is invested to treat definitely for the adjustment of the questions be- tween Mexico and the mother country receives no com- ment: history affords an example sufficiently lofty for Spain ov such ocession, in the answer that was sent back by the ambassadors from Rome who demanded of the Senate thage that their differences with Soguntum, n Armenian eity of the pemusula, should be submitted to the decision of their government; that they reckoned vpon @ host suilicient to take due vengeance for the out rages they had received without applying to the interven- ton of strangers. In the differences between those an cept nations which. led to the destruction of Carthage the classic-Spaniard will not need to be equally reminded of the seizure of the flourishing colony of Sardinia in a sea- son of profound peace, yielded up to the greater strength and preponderating necessities of Rome. In the debate which took place in the Senate on the 15th instant, on the subject of the response proper to be made tothe speech from the throne, the Marquis of Mo lins made go furious an attack at the close of bis address on several beads of the administration, as brought the President of the Council to his feet, who spoke in a few words of interest, as they are from himself, respecting his family and origin, “The government,” said the Marquis, ‘has publicly in- fringed the constitution of the State, knowingly and use lessly. The government has violated every constitution— that of the year 1812, the statutes, the one of 1837, that of 1845; for of ail those constitutions is made up tit which is our guide to-day. And what would you substitute for them? The will of one man; of whom J have the right to ask )0 and what are you?’ And if he shall remain silent, I will interrogate him:—‘Are you a moderado?’ ‘No.’ ‘Are you @ progresista?’ Tam the person that Iam.’ Recalling the eloquent passage of Senor Arra- 3 — The corpse of one man is teo smail to fill the tomb of a nation’—I say the force of one minister is too little to suflice for the entire strength of parties. Not to be mode. rado nor progresista may be convenient, but it is most hazardous. And here T am reminded of the condition of Ireland and Scotland, that may not be irrelevant directed Ww the Wench, that begins with O”Dounell (the Premicr) end ends with Macrobon (the Secretary of War). The Irish are Catholics and the Seotch Protestants, and each to- le es the other; but do you not know that there is a sect hated by both—the free church, as it is called, the new church, that will belong to neither? We shall never be ro- | srected until, regardiess of men, political partics sucesed each other in their tura—in a word, until they can inherit, This law is in Spain even more necessary than elsewhere, where every link of authority is broken; the people do not | understand each other; brothers make war upon bro thers; all is indisorder, not physically, but moraliy. True, said that material order is sustained by a man who eclares that he will not die of a surfeit of iogalities; but | of what value i that to us, Senators, that they up there should be so strong as not to fear the inconvenience of galities, if we here dic of hunger and the thirst of jus uce?’ ‘This attack was followed by a speech from the Minister of Fomento, but the response came afterwardg from O*Donnell, in language nearly as follows:— “Tshall not respond to the Marquis ot Molins, as that has been done fully and completely by my friend and companion, the Marquis of Coryera; but there have fallen words from the mouth of his lordship of such a character that I cannot permit tiem to go by without their correc- tive. He has begun by saying, in a tone of hilarity, that the ministry begins with an O'Donnell and closes with a | Macrohon—that is, it beging with an Irishman and ends with aScotcbman. If his lordship believes that they who bear my name bave not rendered important services to their country and their kings, he is perhaps mistaken. My grandfather waa, indeed, an Irishman; he emigrated in consequence of the civil and religious questions that agitat- od the reign of the last Stuart; he came hither and served nthe armies of Charles II. My father and uncles shed their blood in the war of Spanish independence (expuleion {the French), and he who bas the honor to address the Senate J believe has rendered some gervice to this Innd, twinks he bas reason for saying that Spain is his coun: | Lave not to take lessons in patriotism from h s lord- ship. Tam a Spaniard, at least as much aa he is, and desire to say no more. HMiglordship has spoken farther, and upon ‘ther point, to which I cannot fail to respond. He has posed me to be a man saperior to law, to parties, to | ev Hebe | 1 am nothing of that sort; Iam President of the | Council of Ministers by the free will of the Qneen of Spain, and shall continue to be, 80 long as I have the royal con fidence and that of the Cortes. Ihave not aspired to this post, nor owe its attainment to any intrigue. 1 was about. to leave the country by permission, for for- eign parts, when her Majesty deigned to confer 4 upon me, and [accepted it with the fixed purpose of respond. ing to eo high an bonor, holding myself ready to withdraw from it properly so #oon as ber Majesty #hould signify that my ervices were no longer necded. His lordship has sald that sires that the political parties should alter. nate, sueceeding ewch other in power without the convul sions that have followed to this time. That is also what I try during several moves, and forced bis antagonist to resign | | coup juste (the proper move), but le coup le plus juse | cesire But are the old parties ina comdiion. to obtain that resuit. Jn now» are they. Hag rdship that the last Co... exs—the Moderado Sa- tura with his ©» Idren, consumed three ministries com- pored of eminen ersouages of itsown body? Therecan be no better pr i of its dissolution, What we oesire is, what the Marq Corvera bas said, to gather about the coustitubional va ue the men of good faitn, who, unfortu- y* Live stood face to face too often for lit- rwe may ultimately give security sty (© oUF counéry. This is my ut ould not otherwise occupy a station ayenever aspired, and which, if | command 1 is because of the call of duty aud of honor.” There has been « grand entertainment given at Madrid, which, for its magouliceuce, 18 called the + Feast of Sula- | monea? A muliovaire politician and gentleman has | given one of the greatest banquets of the age for this coun- Uy, in saloons hung with the Quest pictures of the Spanish srbools, and given the tea ef the evening in the ware of the finest sets of sevres. Forty plates only were laid for the chief of the entertainment. Among the guests were two of the nobility—the Dukes of Alba and Medina Celi— two of the diplomatic corps—the Ministers of Russia and England. The Mmister ot Prussia attended in the eveu- ing, witb near five hundred more of the firet in the high sooleiy of Spain, The account of this great entertainment covers many columns of the Spanish journals. They say | that the emosts drank the best Spanish, ate French, heard | Ttwion, (for the musicians of the Royal Coliseum had been cmployed for that entertainment), and talked moderado— the polilucal complexion ef the bost and of most of hs guests. In genera!, itis reckoneato have an intentional | gathering made by the host, of the conservative strength | of the mouarchy. This entertainment is. gaid to be equal to any thut has beeu given by the Queen, but the truth is, it was mor piucus than the best known at this court, aud more respectable for its distinet party type. Tee journa’s announce today, a8 published, tho tiret volume a ‘Tivtory of Spanisu Literature,” by Dou Jose Amador de los Rios, a professor of the Uni- versity of Madrid, the author of the * History of the and perhaps better known in America mis and aking editor of the “ History of by Oviedo (published @ few years ago by the vlemy of History), a work upon which that la- 18 student bas been employed for a period of nine- ‘ars, with suck opportunities of research as have to the jot of none others who have ventured to treat hat most curious and most interesting subject. ‘Lhe ate Secretary of the American Legation bere has Jews in Spain asthe) the Ind Roya! bor bern enabled to secure, betore hie departure from the city, acopy of the earliest publication made in the Tadian lan? guuge spoken in East Florida, It bears the title, “ Cathe- cismo en Lengua Castellana y Timuguana,” &. It was printed in Mexico in 1612. Tue volume, rare if not unique, has evidently been in use, Within its leaves is a written certificate, used 4s & book mark, made, evidently, for de- livering to an Indian as evidence of bis having con fessed, and a8 understanding the Christian coctrine; it bears date December, 1630. In the book are rude pic- tures, taken from wood engravings, for the enlightenment, doubtless, of the early sous of the forest. There exists in the hands of the same individual, it bas been known to bibliopolists for some time past, a copy in the same lan- guage of the “ Confessionario,” printed in the Year 1613. ju the British Museum is also a work with the title, ‘Catheciswo y Examen,’ &¢., printed’ in +1627, but which is not the work altogether of the year 1612, A more important wong — remains to be found—the vocabulary and grammar—which it is known was also printed, and came from thesame hand as the rest, the Father Pareja, a zealous Franciscan of the convent of Santa Elua at St. Augustine. Late in the afternoon of the 20th the recently ap- pointed Minister of France near the Spanish Court was for tbe first time taken by the introducer of ambassadors to the royal palace, He was conducted, with the Secreta- ries of Legation in three carriages, in’ full gala, of the Queen’s household, drawn by horses richly caparisoned and guidea by grooms. Before'them went a courier, and on the left of the ambassador attended an equerry. The guards, at the entrance of the royal alcazar, formed in single files to the left and right, with standards flying; the bands gave the reception that is made for the salutation of the Ipfantes of Spain. The speech of the representative of his Imperial High- negs was brief; the response of the Queen was as flatter- ing. The whole time occupied in the journey, interview and return was but asingle half hour, Such is the usage of Spain where a welcome is cordially extended to the rep- resentative of a friendly Power. Lest this government, either by accident or policy, choose before long to view that of the United States in the same light, it will be well enough for Mr. Buchanan to determine at an early da what shall be the livery proper to be worn by an Ameri- can ambassador and suit on such an occasion—whether the uniform of the military profession, made up from the fashions in the imperial brigades by the tailors at Paris, the elegant court attire of the age of Louis XIV., such as worn by Soulé, or the simple dress of an American gentle- man, a8 recommended ea retary Marcy. On the 7th, the birthday of the Princess Isabel, the Queen made known to the knights of Charles IIL, at the conclusion of the Chapter, her royal purpose ot erecting a temple at the capital, which, as circumstances might dic- tate, should be used "as a church or cathedral, and per- petuate the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, This article of faith has ever been in Spain the subject of intense interest; even ages before it had been proclaimed such, this nation, “the faithful depository of the doctrine of the Catholic church,’ mitted a belief in the sacred mystery. Her Majesty reminded the knights that this tradition powerfully influenced, during msny ages, heroic enterprises, and formed no small part inthe national festivities, to the extent that the Lady of the Im- maculate Conception was invoked in Spain as the supreme patroness, being often the cry in action; the motto of in- stitutions, literary and scieutific, and influenced even the creation of an‘order of knighthood, whose purpose it was to guard and defend that article of faith. Having done thus much for what was only a pious opinion, the Queen deems proper, now that it is declared a dogma of the Catholic church, to erect a temple that shall proclaim and perpetuate that belief to distant times. In conse- quence of this, her Majesty has devolved upon her royat companion, the king consort, the further cousideration of her purpose, as to when the monument shall be raised, what the style of its architecture is to be, and the source from whence are to be derived the means of covering the greatcost. As for a number of years the State has been little addicted to supplying the church with money, it seems provable that for this purpose the fabric will be reared at the expense of the royal patrimony. PRUSSIA, Our Berlin Correspondence. Bert, Jan. 6, 1859. The Recent Political Changes in Prussia—The Old Influ- ences Si at Work—The Prospect of a Political Amnes- ty—Budget of the City of Berlin—Model for the Financial Government of New York, ée. The year that has just elapsed will be marked in the history of this kingdom as one fertile in political changes and exciting incident. It found the Prince of Prussia nomi- nally at the head of the government, but in reality bound band and foot, unable to carry out a single measure of his own, or to make the slightest alteration in a policy he con- demned; it leaves bim lord of the ascendant, invested with full reeal power, and at perfect liberty to act in accord- ‘ance with bis persona! feelings and inclinations. It found Baron Manteuffel firmly seated at the helm of State, in un- disputed possession of an authority he had wielded for nearly eight years, and with every prospect of its being Prolonged ad infinitum; it has left him a disgraced man, fallen “\ike Lucifer, neyer to rise again,” already balf forgotten, contemued and neglected, with “none 80 poor todo him reverence.” In the people themselves apathy and despondency have made way to a more eheer- ful spirit, and to expectations founded, indeed, rather ‘nthe character of the new administration and the promises it holds forth, than on what it has already accOmplished, It must be assumed that as yet the improvement consists more in the feeling of relief occasioned by the removal of an incubus that has long weighed upon the nation, and in brighter antici- pations for the future, than in any actual and definite alteration in the system of government. The press is a8 much under the control of the police as in the palmy days of M. de Westphalia; and thoug! the new Minister of the Interior hus abandoned the arbitrary practices of his pre- decestor in reference to the printing of opposition jour- nals, newspapers and pamphlets reflecting on the late ministry are still subject to seizure and prosecution. Some of the most determined apozties of political and religious despotism, such as M. de Kleist Retzow, M. Poters, Dr. Stahl, Dr. Hengsterberg, and one or two others, ha been expelled from office; bat the immence majority of the government functionaries are still the same that were appointed by Manteuffel and Westphalia, and they use every effort to impede and om: Varrass the action of the ministry that continues to employ them. The condugt of these gentry, in browbeating their subordinates who have dared to vote for the constitutional candidates at the recent elections, excites universal iadig: nation, and public opinton calle alond for their dismissal. Unfortunately the adherents of the exploded régime have bot lost all their influence at court, and they resort to the most desperate mancuvres to work vpon the fears of the Prince Regent, and to prevent bim from takiog any de- cided steps in the direction indicated by the wishes of the nation, An active correspondence is keyt up with Rome, where the King and Queen are now are industriously propagated that hi improving, that the cloud which overshadows bis intellect is gradually giving Way, aud that in a few months he will return, invigorated both in mind and bod: exercise of his regal functions, and w call’ is brother to strict necount for the manner in which he bas discharged his stewardship. As far as be gathered from more trustworthy sources, these reports are mere Og- ments, invented to unsettle the mind of the Regentant to deter him from measures distasteful 10 the reactionary party; but their authors understand the character of the man they have to deal with, and they contrive toon- velop him in @ maze of intrigue’ which itis diffloult for him to break through. After all, it mort be allowed that the King’s recove though an improbable, is not an im- possible event, ai jis sudden reappearance on the would certainly be one of the most astounding coups theatre that has ever been played off; it would be like Banquo’s ghost rising “with twenty mortal murders on his crown to push us from our stools’’—only that the Prince of Prussia in no Macbeth, but an brother and a dutiful subject, who ‘would vacate his sont on the first summons. 1 repeat, that there is very little chance for such an event really occurring; but even its remote will help to explain the clr: ou observed Regent, and his aversion to a eweeping changes than what have boen already effected. When the Chambers meet, and he has the sup: port of the Legisiature to rest upon, he will unquesion- ably be induced to give his sanction to @uch measures of reform as M. Averswald may be prepared to come for- ward with. Strovg hopes were entertalned that an amnesty would be published on New Year's day, but they have been again disappowled, The aumber of exiles from Prussia is not great, and their return would scarcely ox- pose the stability of the monarchy to any very over- wheiming danger. ‘They are mostly men of letters, more ‘accustomed to. brandish the pen than the sword, and who, indeed, have nearly all of them fled the country to avoid the Draconic penalties inflicted on offences of the press. One of the few exceptions is M. Kinkel, formerly professor at Borne and member of the Prussian Nawioval ‘Assembly, who took an active part m the republican movement of 1849, and whose romantic adventures, ia- cluding his escape from the citadel of Spandau, are proba. bly fatniliar to your readers, It is whispered now that the amnesty has only been deferred uatil the meat of the Princess Frederick William, and that presenta her husband with a soa and heir, a general pat don will be granted to all political offenders, Whethor the birth of a daughter would be attended with the 8: propitious reault is not stated. Tam by no means Bury that it would, principles not being much thought of iu Prussia, where the Salic law is obaerved with eyen great- er rigor than in France, and a female is not allowed to act ag regent, even during the minority of her own son. However, people here are as firmly persuaded that the royal babe will be of the masculine gender as were Louis Napoleon’s Parisians before the advent of the Prince Im- tal, ‘ P*Towards the end of last year the budget of the city of Berlin was probibited giving the estimates for 1859 It is drawn up, as the law directs, by the Municipal Council, and submitted to the corporation for approval. There is something remarkable ia budget, as showing the good management of the fipancial aifairs of this city, which might serve as an example to tho Minis- ters of Pidance of many great and powerful States where there ure generally dejiciencies to .be made up by new taxes or loaus. Here, on the contrary, there is a surplus left, amounting to 340,000 thalers, aud the estimates al- ways prove to be below the actual revenue. ‘The total amount of receipts for 1859 is computed at 2,446,460 tna- lers, I will quote a few particulars ouly, to give an idea of the various branches of the city income. The house tax (or rents at 6% per cent per annum, the owners of houses paying ten per cent) amounts in’ round numbers to 946,000 tbalers, this being the principal item. The next in importance is part of a tax upon milling flour, rpalting and butchering, levied by government, to the amount of about 2,000,000 thalers, of which 500,000 thalers fall to the share of the city. Extraordinary receipts on house tax expected in consequence of the rise of rents in 1859, 65,000 thalers. Surplus receipts of the city gas works expected throvgh the increase of private lights, 19,000 thalers, &c. Of the expenditures, the heaviest items are:—Military (for billeting soldiers), 150,000 thalers; police and courts of justice, 492,000 thalers; schools, 862,000 thalers; poor law board,’ 393,000 thalers; orphan house, 82,000 thalers; workhouse, 56,000 thalers; city hospital, 33,000 (many other hospitals are supported by separate’ funds aud pri- vate contributions); salaries and charges of admiunistra- tion, 184,000 thalers. ‘The debt of the city of Berlin, according to the official statement, does not exceed five anda half millions of thalers, for which bonds are issued which bear interest at the rate of three and a half and four aud a half per cent. Part of the debt originated in the establishment of the city gas works, the amount owing by the institution being 1,680,000 thalers. The streets, as well as_private houses, were formerly lighted by the London Imperial Continental Gag Association, which established a branch here in 1818, by contract with the civic authorities, and peing a mono- poly for over thirty years, its profits were very consider- able, About ten years since the association was required to reduce its rates, and the directors refusing, the corpo- ration built gasomoters of their own, and since then a com- petition has been going on between the city and the compa- hy, which is quite advantageous to private individuals, bui, as Ihave just mentioned, has saddled Berlin with & debt equal to one-third of that incurred for all.other pur- poses. As, however, the number of lights increases with the growth of the city, there is a profit now, after the first outlay, and it is hoped that the capital raised for the sup- port of this establishment will in course of time be gra- dually paid off, c RUSSIA. The Yankees at Sebastopol. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. SusastopoL, December 13, 1858. As many reports have been circulated relative to the American enterprise of clearing the harbor of Sebastopol, the most of them being incorrect, I beg to state the facts relative to the position of the Marine Exploring Com iny, their success and prospects. lentered into a contract with the Imperial Russian go- vernment in October, 1856, to clear the harbor of Sebas: topol from the ships, steamers and vessels that were during the late war, and was to receive as compensation one-half the property recovered. On my return to the United States, a company was formed in Pennsylvania to carry out the enterprise, under the title of the Marine Exploring Company, duly chartered by the Legislature. Powerful machinery was constructed and men employed, who embarked from: the United States under my direc- tion, and arrived here in June, 1857. It required much time to construct powerful caissons to assist in lifting the sunken ships. Our machinery was not completed until June, 1858, On the 8d of June the first vessel was raised to the surface of the water—the schooner-of-war Smelai, of sixteen guns. Since that time I have raised the steamer Turk, war steamer Grozno!, iron steamer Danube, eighteen guns; brig Aneas, yacht Parisienne and cutter Strella, These vessels are in excellent condition, and comparatively sound. The teredo has only pene- trated the upper works of the vessels, leaving the main hull quite sound and in good condition. The engines of the steamers are in nearly as good condition as though the ‘vessels had been on the surface of the water: I sold th steamer Turk to the Imperial government for 30,000 silver roubles,and she will be running again in the course of four months. The commission who examined the steame that five per cent of her value would pay the of potting her in perfect running order, and she is undergo! ing repairs at Nicolaiff. I have also sold steamer Groznoi for 23,000 silver roubles, at public auction. In addition to the above, Ihave removed the 120 gun ship Catherine, the line-of: battle vil, the 84gun ship Paris, another 84 gun ship, ma, for- merly a8 @ prison ship; epi gre arna, also a fri- gate which was formerly used for a prison ship; the ‘transport an, and 16 gun schooner Lashtooha, and over one half of the 120 gua ship Constantine. Ibave recently had important concessions granted by the \ having juat completed the contract, by which they give ‘all the property, instead of one-half as heretofore—the above arrangement to commence from the 20th of iast June; therefore, all the vessels and pro- perty recovered since that date belong to the company. ‘We are now busily engaged in the various branches of the work. We have sixty carpenters engaged on two im- menge caissons, under the superintendence of an old Bos- tonian—Capt. Samuel F, Holbrook. They will be com- early in the spring, when we shall raisesome of the largest ships, which are estimated to be worth 200,000 silver roubles each; and of the raising of them there is no poesible question. We have recently purchased from Constantinople a fine steamtug boat of fifty horse power, which we find very useful. The new caissons will cost about 26,000 silver roubles, and are paid for. Our steamer cost 10,000, and is aisu paid for. and not one cent has been drawn from the company me. We hi ‘ye amount of property on hand, besides the vessels, such as copper, brass, 250 tona of pig iron, 200 tons of wrought iron, 200 tons of rope, large quantities of lead, chains and anchors of all sizes and di mensions. Thus It will be peresived that the company is ina flourishing condition, I wish Thad afew more good American engineers to run steam engines, of which I have eight in constant nse. have contracted to entirely clear the harbor in two years from this tme, and the work ehall be promptly dove, if the Russian government not purchase the fleet recov: hal! be in a good condition to enter into u contr y respectable government to boi bard, conquer or destroy either of the mivor Powers. I woult not mind Turkey, Spain, or even India, The qu tion is, how much is Offered? My. fleet will be quite as amercus as that of the United States, if not as affective. There are also five fine war steamers, with copper boilers, that I shall take up in the pring. The boilers aione Weigh forty.two tons each, and are worth $22,000 each for old copper. JOHN EB. GOWEN, cost now the ITALY. Gur Genoa Correspondence. Usirep States Steas Frrgare Wavast, Gxxoa, Maly, Jan. 1, 1859, dhe Waluh at Genoa—Celebration of Christmas Day—Ar- vical of the Russian Fleel— Visit of the Grand Duke Comtantine to the American Frigate—His Highness Amongst the Cooking Pans, de., &c. The United States steam frigate Wabash arrived at this place on the morning of the 9th of December, from the coast of Syria, and, on account of the severe gale blowing ‘at the time, we dropped anchor in quarantine ground, un- fable to get inside to our moorings. On Sunday morning, ‘the 12th, the wind had died away, and we again made an attempt, which proved successful. The flag officer, Com- modore BE. A. F, Lavalette, Parser J, George Harris, Chief Engineer Benjamin ¥. Garvin and Second Lieutenant Silas Bert, bave taken lodgings at the Hotel de Ville, and, with their families, live ashore, On Christmas day the ward- room oillcers gave a grand dinner—a feast as luxurious as that of Camancho’s wedding. The flag officer and captain were invited guesta; the wardroom was decorated with evergreens, and presented a most beautiful appearance. | Nor were the crew behind the times: the table of each and every moss was laden with the good things of life—tur- keys, roasts, cakes and pies, and the delicacies of the season. At sunrise on the morning of the 30th of December a Sardinian oflicer visited the ship and informed the officers that during the day the Russian fleet would enter the har- bor, having on board the flagship the Grand Duke Con: ftantine of Russia, who would visit the ship. All in a mo- mer! was hurry and confaston on board, as we had sent i r topgallant yards, All bands were called to re- pi hem, and the marine guard turned out in full uni- form, the sailors were also uniformed in the shortest timo postible, but up to two o’cldtk in the afternoon no Grand Duke bad made his appearance. About that hour the qnartertnaster sighted the fleet at @ distance of about eight miles, standing for the harbor, At sunset the fort on shore fired a salute, and immediately the United States frigate Wabash hoisted the Russian flag at the fore and fired twenty-one gans, Both vessels came into the har- aropped anchor, securing themselves for the night, On the eran the Stet all hands were again in readiness to receive his dukeship, in which they were 9. $< agein dicappointe’: he appeared on hoard of our ship | 1Lo’clock A.M. We received bim with military bo- he band playing the grant Mu-cian march. He war escorted throngh every part of the ship, from the Poop deck to the ycoman’s etorecoom, and from the fore- castle to the armory, onthe orlop deck. On the berth | deck be was bighiy' interested, and in examining the artick® of the wt ineases he would stop to ask an explawation of this, and the vse of that, Arriving at No. 4, marine wees, the cook baving displayed but three new pane, the Doke came to a decided halt, asking the Commo. dore’ “How many men belonged to’ that mers?’ “Fif- ) fifteen nen mess from three pans, do three eat and the rent wait for ther turn?” ‘The Commodore informed him that the other pans were in the bottom of the mess chest, and bis curiosity Leer | satisfied, he again eauntered on. He expressed himself | highly pleased with the general appearance of the sip | ond its armoment, and ip fact, with everything in, on aud | about ur. The marme guard turned ont in fine style; having Fome time previously purchased for themselves & suit of dark blue fatigues, they on this occasion substitut- ed the dark biue Maloons for the light blue issued by | government. Their equipments and accoutrements were — ju the finest order; and the weather being fresh, and giving low and color to the cheek, eyenthe ‘ Major" had reason | to be proud of his command. The Duke was pleased with their appearance, and kald, “Your guard looks well, indeed, aod T am glad to see it.” His visit, although a lie | mentary one, was brief, and we bade him farewell with yards manned. Everything passed off in the most cre- | ditabie manner. Our officers paid a visit to some of the vhips under the Duke’s command, and report them as very dirty, inside and outside, although looking cloan. | While cruising on the coast of Syria, a number of the offi- cers and crew, pba correspondent among the number, paid a visit to’ Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Bethany, Jericho, vhe river Jordan and the Dead Sea, We each took a bath in the Jordan before sunrise. Our Milan Correspondence. Mitan, Deo. 81, 1858. Conciliatory Measures—An Insult to the Archduchess— Prince Porcia Banished from Milan—Murder of a Pro. fessor at Pavia—The University to be Broken Up—The Tobacco War—Civil Government—New Theatre at Turin— Ristori Vetood at Naples—Delight at the Success of Pic- | colomini—T he Mortara Case—A Joke from Rome, dc. ‘Two measures, intended to exercise a conciliatory effect, | have recently been adopted by the imperial government | in regard to the Lombarbo-Venetian kingdom. The one allows the receipt of the old zwansigers at the government offives for their real value, and the other makes a reduc- tion in the contingent which their provinces are to furnish during the coming year to the army of Austria. ‘The last measure, while it appears to be dictated by a great regard for the unfortunate victims of the conscription, will really, it is ead, make a reduction of but about one per cent: In the meantime, tlie feelings which I spoke of in my last letter, ag existing among the inhabitants of this kingdom toward their Austrian masters, have gained nothing in cordiality , and the exhibitions of them atill continue whenever op. portunity offers. The latest case, and one which has ex- cited a great deal of interest, occurred about a week since in this city, The Archduchess was passing in her car- riage by one of the principal cafés, before which a num- ber of gentlemen were standing, and among them Priace Alfonzo Porcia, a nobleman from Garitzes, The Prince, it seems, did not take his hat entirely from his head, but only made a half salute, by touching it in military style. The Archduke, upon hearing of the supposed insult to the Archduchees, was said to be furious, and the same even- ing Prince Alfonzo received orders from the police depart- ment to quit Milan within twenty-four hours. He left immediately for Genoa, and on reaching the frontier found a commissary of police waiting to see whether he had obeyed the order. The Prince had the option given him of going to his estate at Spitnal, in Carinthia, or of travelling abroad. At any rate, he has left Milan, and it is said by some that it has all arisen from a mis- take; that tho Prince, who wears spectacles, is very near sighted, and that on secing the carriage of the Archduchess he did not recognise her Serene Highness, but mistook her for some ordinary speci- | imen of flesh, blood, whalebone and crinoline. ‘Young Milan’? laughs at the affair, and phrophecies that the Vrince will be recalled in a few days; while some of the “old fogies”’ say he will be banished the empire. A few days since, at Pavia, the professor of veterinary science was stabbed to death in the street, at noonday, by some person who is as yet unknown. He was seen to stagger and fall, and no trace was found of his murderer in the vicinity. The only theory which has been given of the murder is that the deceased was believed by the stu- dents at the university to be a spy of the government, and that on this account he has been removed. Pavia, where, as I wrote you before, the students marched in solemn procession to the burial of some tobacco pipes— Pavia, where the students offered up mass for the repose of the soul of Orsini—Pavia, where eleven students were arrested because one of them, when drunk, shouted “ Viva! italia!’ —Pavia, where ‘Young Italy,” in cap and gown, dreams of the day of redemption—Pavia has at last been brought under direct supervision, and it is said that the University there is shortly to be abandoned, as it is con- sidered by the government to be the hotbed of republi- canism in the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom. By a pro- vincial decree issued on the 23d of the present month, all students not legally belonging to and residing in Payla are ordered to depart instanter, under pain of arrest and punishment. It is supposed that this is merely a prelimi- nary to a breaking up of the University. ‘The anti-tobacco war still continues, and a large num ber of people seem disposed to strike a blow at Austrian power through the medium of the bad segars which she sells to her provincial subjects. No segars are smoked in the streets of Milan, and a few days since, at Brescia, a military officer was set upon by the people and beaten for refusing to desist from smoking in the streets. In Modena, one morning about a week ago, placards were found posted upon tho walls inviting “‘the brothers of Italy” not to consume auy tobacco during the Carnival “if they would save Italy.’ Well, our American Revolutionary sires abstained trom tea and coffve and drank a decoction of rye and shorts for the purpose of depriving the mother country of her ‘tax; and the Italians will certainly strikea severe blow at the exchequer if they can manage to abstain long enough from their favorite amusemeut of smoking. Oid habits are hard, however, to break up, and it is my opiniou that before many months we shall see the popular ciyarro dé Virginia (a long nine with @ straw in it) being pulfed through the streets of Milan. Independent of the fact that their soil is trodden upon by the foot of the stranger, and that foreign bayoucts crowd down their throats a foreign language und foreign laws, itis not strange that the people of Austrian Italy are uneasy under the yoke of their masters, Beside the horde of military whom they are obliged tosupport, there are in Austrian Italy no Jess than 2,600 Austrian officers attached to the various departments of the e:vil govern. ment. Besides this the people are treated like childreo, possessing no power atall. For instance, in a town of Lombard consider it necessary to ment or other public ‘pur- pose, of @ greater amount than sixty florins (about vuirty doliars), it 1s necessary to send to Vienna for permission to muke the expenditure. te portion ofthe I portion of them—are opjosed, not on to anything in the form of a revolittiou ac present, but op. posed to auy independent movement at aay time on the part of the people of Austrian italy , believing that it would eventuate only in defeat and massacre, and would post pone the day of redemption for many years. These ook toa union Of the Italian States, and many of them have the hope that the kingdem of Sardinia will ere long take the lead in batting for the liberty and union of Italy. On the other band, the impracticablesare hot for a ight for a republic, and all the desperate chances of war, The com- ing year ig pregnant with great events in Italy. lan is joyous now, in anticipation of the gay season of Carnival; and during’ this jovial time the people of Italy seem almost to justify the taunt which some geribbler put upon them—that, “give them plenty of music and plenty ot maccaroni,”” and the Italians would bo kept quiet. That "they ure passionately fond of both these articles there can be nodonbt; and on the principle that “it is a sad heart that never rejoices,” it would be strange if the Italians did not forget their sorrows for a few weeks dur ing the progress of their national Carnival. The Scala has already opened with bailet, which is splendidiy got up, and the masquerade balls commence on Sunday, the oth of January. At Turin, a few evenings since, a new theatre, the ihe,” ‘was opened, making the fourteenth «tom. ple of ‘the Drama’ in Turin, a city of only cne hundred and eighty thousand ‘people. “At Naples, 1 see, where they have been expecting Ristori for some time, she has been forbidden by the authorities to come, and Naples weepe—and Mme. Ristori loses a considerable amount of money, an enthusiastic reception, and any quantity of presents. The occurrence which happened at “La Fenice ” a few months since, when iistori, as Judith, upon being encored, repeated the text of the drama ex- pressive of hatred to the rule of the stranger, and which Jed to the play being prohibited thercafter in Venice, is probably one of tho principal causes why Ristor! is «pro: hibited in Naples. The people here are delighted at the success of ‘Ia Piccolomini’ in the United States, and Jaugh at the funny wriggling of the “three hungry French- men.” ‘The Mortara affair, which has made the blood of so many peo * In the United States, has not caused it even to“ simmer’? in these regions of ultramontanisin and blind submission to the will and works of the Pope and his advisers and directors. The Jows, it is true, grumble a little; but then, not being allowed to hold pub. hic mectings, we don’t get any “expreesion of opinion and on the part of the Christian community but little is taid, or bas been, about the matter. The Picdmont pa- ors, which are the only ones that dare bully the Pope, ave had a few articles in them expressive of disappro- val of the kidnapping of the young scion of the house of Mortara, bnt in the rest of Italy it has not been made the subject of comment. You may be assured, bowover, that Mortara is a fixture, and may become a “pillar” of the church, and will not be given up. He has beon removed from the + degli Ebree,”’ where he was at first secluded, to ‘St. Pierro ‘aux Lieus,”? where the young are placed under the educa- tional guardianship of the canons of St. John of Lateran. rdy Venetian tions of young Mortara ought, how. palo ihl nies going abroad T 'about their children, a8 some servant girl, ina fit of pious co. 4 10 water on the brows of the uncon- cy, might mood tee heredicn, and convert them thereby into true cltildren of the church, over which the church might with equal right, 4s in this case, claim control, Que result of + the Mortara excitement has been the publication of an edict for the Papal States, for bidding Christians to emp Jewish eervants, Whether this is from fear that the chil- dren of Israc! will make reprisals and circumcise the young Christian committed to their care 1# got stated. The Auetrian government, in antic:pation of the dectine in the business of the Austrian Lioyas’ Steam Navigation Company, . on account of the competition of the Russiane’ when they becpme fairly established ag Villa Fray and ‘cover’ the Moditerrapean with their steamers, bas, it 18 positively etated, — im- creased her annual subsidy to that company from two to four millions of florins, Even with this coormous subsidy, it is doubtful whether the Lioye's will be able su to compete with the managers of the new enterprise. Rome is not exactly the place to look to for jokes; but a good thing is told as having come from there, Au edition of “Uncle, Toun’s. Cabin’? has receutly becn published there, in which all the religions scntiments are giving & strong Catholic tinge, and the reason given why Legree beats Tom so unmercitully is that the Ja ter, as a hum- ble but firm son of the eharch, insists on hollewing i the doctrine of the “Immaculate Conception,’* while Legree, who is n'Protestant, looks upon this newly deciared dog: ma of Mother Church ag “leather and pruzella.’’ Our Venice Correspondence. Vusice, Dec, 24, 1858. Preparations for the Carnival—Prospects of Revolution— Effect of the New Currency—Anti: Tobacco Demonstra- timi—Arrests at Pavia—Demonstrations at Milan— War. between France and Austria—Poor Italy—Censorship of the Press—An American Cardinal—The Dry Dock at Pola, “ Beautiful Venice” is all agog just now, as it has beem | for the past fortnight, and will be during the next, prepar- | ing for the Carnival, which commences on the 8th of Janu- ary and continues till the 8th of March, To-night the so- ‘Yemn midnight mass will be sung in the grand Cathedral! of San Marco, and the anniversary of the Saviour’s birth- day celebrated to-morrow with tho usual singular mixture of religious, military and civil exercises. On Monday the “Kenice ” opens with comic opera and ballet, and during the coming two months the Venetians will forget im | the joys of Carnival time the fact that they are bending benenth a foreign yoke, to throw off which they await but the opportunity, “ biding their time.’” Since the time of the revolution of 1848, when the clouds which had been gathering in the political sky of Italy broke and scattered their showers from Naples to the Tyrol, that eky has uever looked so portentious and threatening as it does just at present, and particularly throughout Lombardy the feeling of uneasiness and dispo- sition to revolutionize is exhibiting itself, and thking shape us often as opportunity occurs. Ever since the time re” ferred to, when France, newly sprung into republican life and liberty, sent her troops to crush out the feelings striv- ing to attain the same end in Italy, the same hatred of their Austrian masters has been rankling in the breasts of the people of Austrian Italy; but for the sake of peace, and because the men whom they regarded as leaders thought the time to strike the blow had not yet arrived, and becauge there was nothing particular occuring to act as a match to light the smouldering tinder, things have gone on very quietly, Tobe sure, a few handreds of those suspested of entertaining tov ardent a love of country and too burning abate of the foreign oppressor, have been made to disappear—some of them still hoping and praying for their country within the grim walis to. which ‘Austria consigns her disobedient subjects; others roaming in cxile, breathing free air beneath a foreign sky, and dreaming of a time when the sun of liberty shall yet shine on lovely Italy, and gild the tombs of her poets, her prophets and her martyrs. But within a few months past several occurrences have taken place which have tended to in- crease the hate which the Italians naturally bear toward their foreign oppressors, and to revive hopes which have been long lying dormant—quenched well nigh in a flood of despair. The new currency regulations which went into operation on the Ist of November have created a greater excitement throughout Lombardy than all the evils and wrongs which the people have endured during the last ten years combined. This affords another illus- tration of the fact that there is no more efficacious mode of stirring up dormant patriotism in the heart than by attacking the pocket. Imprisonment and privatioa will sometimes drive a people to the desperate issue of revolu- tion, and eloquence will sometimes rouse them to” enthu- siastic action. ‘These, however, often fail; but let the pockets of the people be attacked, and nine cases out of ten, what death, imprisonment, torture or eloquence failed in producing, will be the certain resutt. Up to tho Ist of November of the present year the people of the Lom- bardo-Venitian kingdom hat a currency of copper, silver and gold only, the notes of the Austrian National Bank not circulating there, and uot being received fur duties or taxes of avy description; but ,by the decree of April 29, by which the entire monetary system of the Empire was changed, the basis on which it was placed was made general. The theory of the new monetary system instituted by Baron Bruek, the Minister of Financo, was, that the papor 1oney (of whiok there were about three hundred millions of florins in cir- culation in the empire) was to be withdrawn and re deemed, and only gold and silver to be nsed. The old wzansigers, which were the principal currency in circula- tion in Lombardy, were depreciated three per cent by the nauguration of the new system, and {t was found that on the first of November there had wot been a sufficient quantity of the new coinage issued to supply the wants of a single city; and that the government, instead of reducing the currency toa specie burs, Intended, Micawber-like, to pay off its old notes by au igsue of new ones; and that, therefore, the only resuit of tue new system was to in- crease the value of all articles of daily use, aud to throw the financial affairs of the people intoa state of inex- tricable confusion. All sorts of market produce and tobacco have been raised in price since the first of Novem- ber, and the pockets of everybody (for everybody uses marketing and tobacco) thus being affected, everybody is naturally indignapt and bates Austria worse than evel even while he, the said cverybody, smokes Austria’ segars. Receutly, however, there bave been decided anti- tobacco demonstrations in various portions of Lombardy, and particularly at Milan and Pavia. In the former city the * force of public opinion” is such that no man dares smoke an Austrian segar in the street, the people thus making & silent protest against the new currency (as at the tobacco depots, as in other branches of the govern- ment, wil transactions are mate in the new money) and at the same time, 80 (ar as in them Lies, seem determined tocripple the Ewpire by refusing 10 purchase ite tobacco ateny price. In a few days since a uumber of the students in the University marched im solemn proceasion through the str cach wth anempty pipe, with the bow! turned downward ia his tonth, to signify that they had abandoned the use of tobacco, Without entering here ints a disonssion of the priaciple of the thing, [must say thet J cannot biame anybody, and do not wonver at their giving up the nee of Austrian to- bacco, or that furnished by government, as itis the most execrable stuff that wa burned. A day or two after the toba havi ‘one of a rathe seri teen of them being arr dion a charge of “high trea- son.”” Having « ascives of the customary sti- munilus of tobacco, that their stomachs craved Substitute, aud soa party of them went toa “trattort where they had dinuer, With, it may be supposed, tt usual quantity of that article which “maketh giad the heart,” and whicb "8 and anwng ali pevple has always been famons for inspiring a certain kind of cou- rage kuown i these degenerate their way back t their quarto patrioveally drunk, shouted considered «| e for arrest of the catire party, and their confinement for several days, while the customary studies ond exercises at the University were suspended, and a portion of the garrison of Pavia placed within its sacred wal Upon being brought up for exa- mination, however, the students were discharged with a caution to be more caretal in future. It must not be in- ferred, however, from such incidents as this, that the pat- riotiem of the Ttaiians in Lombardy is confined to hot- headed freshmen, or only brought out under the genial iniiuences of good wine. In Milan, which has always been the headquarters of “diseonten?’—where the Archduke Maximilian, the Go- vernor-General of the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom resides 8ix months in tie year, and where, with the Archduchess, he has recently taken up his winter residence, the anti- Austrian feeling exhibits itself in a variety of ways. The Archduke bimself has always been personally popular, and there is no doubt that he has endeavored to soften the rigor with which the people of Austrian Italy have been ruled, and it is understood that he has been in favor of purauing a concilintory course toward them, Indeed, so judicious have been his proceedings that he has succeeded in over- coming much of the personal prejudice toward the House of Hapsburg and its representatives, and the people looked upon bim as a mediator between them and their Imperial master at Vienna, Butthe Archduke has, it is said, received intimations that his course is not the one considered to be the policy of the Imperial governmeat, and that the iron role must not be relaxed; and the result bas been that the old cooines#, which had been somewhat warmed away, has again manifested iteclf. The peoplo of Milan allow the Archduke to pasa them without removing their hate; and, on the other band, although he has been in Milan more than a fortnight, he has not once visited thy aheatre, where year agohe was aimost a nightly visi- tor, and where his appearance im his box was formerly the signal for a good degree of enthusiasm. There is no dou! J think, from Austria's point of view, that Austria is right in not, in any degree, relaxing her despotic sway over Lombardy. No amount of conciliatory treatment can ever. root out the deadly hate which exists in the breasta of the Italians against Austria, and its only hope 1 to crush it out heart and all, and that the coming generations may be born withont having \t eo Yirmly implanted in them a8 it is in the present race. times ae “Daweh.” On oue of then, who was Ite ’ which was the ‘The recent skirmishing between the Fronch and Austri- ra, avd the belief, which isevery day’ gaining at France is not disinclined to an Ttatian revolu- le of Lombardy, lari eatgeateyer et tates upa ty jealousies of the people themselves, A the Tot headed. ness of somo of their popular londors, will prevent, evon in caso of war, anything like a satisfactory union between tho Italian’ Staves till long straggles and = much — sulloring shown them ite solute necessity. Those who think, however, all the people have to do here is to rise aid conquer are excoedingly mistaken. In Lomdardy alone Austeia has About 90,000 soldiers, and two more regiments have juat ‘been ordered to procoed here, The Italian couseripis are,